taxonID	type	description	language	source
710E872AFFBD1D10FC4093C8A1DE7108.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Peronura montivaga Sjöstedt, 1909. Description: Male: fastigium verticis with median ridge in front antennal sockets, sulcate; small conus between antennal sockets; fastigium narrower than first antennal segment; antennal sockets bowl-like; eyes small, round, and prominent. Pronotum: broad, posterior margin upcurved, about a third of posterior pronotum triangle-shaped; surface of pronotum rugose to verrucose. Lateral lobes longer than deep; fore coxae unarmed, at outer margin laterad trace of blunt process; fore and mid femora with welldeveloped stout spines, to few and almost reduced spination; hind femora with numerous small stout spines. Tympana of fore tibiae conchate, not inflated. Forewings reduced, broad with broadly rounded tips. Venation reduced, but with basal modifications of areas MA and Cu 1 a; hindwings rudimentary; emarginated tenth abdominal tergite. Subgenital plate large, protruding beyond abdomen; without styles; cerci long and slender, decussate. Female: similar to males but mostly larger and somewhat stouter; rugosities of pronotal disc not as elevated as in males; ovipositor long and slender, moderately upcurved. Sexual dimorphism not very pronounced, with males and females quite similar in their general appearance. Diagnosis Altihoratosphaga species may be identified by a combination of characters: round tegmina with reduced venation and scattered black spots (except for A. nomima), vestigial alae, shape of pronotum that is verrucose in most species, and the emarginate tenth abdominal tergite (only found similarly in the fullywinged Horatosphaga concava Ragge, 1980). Females may be recognized by their slender, long, and slightly upcurved ovipositor. Furthermore, Altihoratosphaga species are dark-green plump insects with little sexual dimorphism. They dwell in the lush herbaceous vegetation of forest edges and clearings in submontane – montane areas. The calling song is performed in the evening and during the night hours. The shape of the pronotum of typical Horatosphaga and also Lamecosoma species (e. g. H. heteromorpha) is uniform over its entire length, and is not divided into a broad anterior part and a triangle-shaped elevated posterior part, as in Altihoratosphaga. Both sexes in species of Altihoratosphaga are rather plump and dark green in colour, with rounded broad wings lacking web-like venation, whereas typical Horatosphaga are more slender, especially the males, and are mostly light green in colour, with more elongated wings, and with web-like venation in the male forewings. Many species of Acrometopini are adapted to grassland habitats, often in savanna areas, whereas Altihoratosphaga species are bound to clearings and the forest edges of submontane – montane localities. All known species of Altihoratosphaga are endemic to particular areas, whereas many of the ‘ typical’ Horatosphaga species are rather widespread forms [e. g. H. heteromorpha, Horatosphaga media Ragge, 1960, Horatosphaga ruspolii (Schulthess, 1898), Horatosphaga serrifera Schaum, 1853, and Horatosphaga stylifera (Karny, 1910)]. However, a number of Horatosphaga species are also adapted – like Altihoratosphaga species – to montane forest habitats. These are Horatosphaga parensis Hemp, 2006, from the South and North Pare Mts of Tanzania, and Horatosphaga sabuk Hemp, 2006, occurring in the eastern part of the Kenyan highlands. As in Altihoratosphaga, the males are flightless, with the alae being reduced. Compared with Altihoratosphaga, the shape of the tegmina is different, as is the general venation. The modification (web-like venation) of the areas MA and Cu 1 a is pronounced in H. parensis and H. sabuk, whereas in Altihoratosphaga species this modification is hardly present. Furthermore, the general body shape of Altihoratosphaga is plumper in both sexes, and the colour of living insects is dark green, whereas in H. parensis and H. sabuk males and females are rather slender insects, especially the males, and the overall colour is a lighter green. Also, molecularly both the groups Altihoratosphaga and H. parensis plus H. sabuk cluster far apart, with H. parensis and H. sabuk forming a separate cluster within the Acrometopini investigated (Voje, 2007; Voje et al., 2009). Chromosomal characters Analyses of the standard karyotype of A. montivaga, A. nou, H. parensis, H. heteromorpha, and M. kilimandjarica revealed diploid chromosome numbers of 2 n = 31 for males, consistent with the X 0 / XX sex chromosome system. In these five species, belonging to three genera, all chromosomes were acrocentric, consisting of three long and twelve medium to short pairs gradually decreasing in size; the X chromosome was the largest element (Fig. 1 A – C). The chromosomes of all African species of the tribe Acrometopini and the genus Monticolaria are characterized by paracentromeic C-bands that are similar in size. In species of Altihoratosphaga and Horatosphaga, interstitial C-bands are located in the pair L 3 in some of the individuals, and additionally in the pair M 6 / 7 of A. montivaga. In all cases these bands show polymorphism in the quantity of heterochromatin (more or less) (Fig. 1 A, B). Only in M. kilimandjarica are thin terminal C-bands present in the three largest autosome pairs, and in the X chromosome (Fig. 1 C). B chromosomes, which are supernumerary to the standard complement, were found in two out of the four specimens of A. montivaga analysed. They were of the acrocentric type, similar to small pairs of autosomes. They show a large C-band (heterochromatic) near the centromere, and a smaller euchromatic part in the distal region (Fig. 1 A). B chromosomes were also observed in one of the two males of M. kilimandjarica. However, in contrast to those of M. kilimandjarica, the B chromosomes in A. montivaga are similar to medium-sized autosomes, and are probably all heterochromatic. In metaphase I this element was always distributed in the periphery plate (Fig. 1 C). Both types of B chromosomes were unstable in both the mitotic and the meiotic division in males. Stridulatory file In all of the four species studied in detail (A. montivaga, A. nou, A. hanangensis sp. nov., and A. nomima), the stridulatory file on the lower side of the left tegmen showed a similar structure (Fig. 2). In its proximal part it bears relatively large teeth, whereas they decrease slowly in size to the end of the file at the edge of the tegmen. In A. nomima both parts are connected by a more or less continuous transition in tooth size (Fig. 2 D). In the other three species the teeth gradually become larger from the articulation towards the centre of the file. Distal of the middle the teeth become abruptly smaller, and then decrease slowly in size (Fig. 2 A – C). A file structure with two distinct parts in three of the four known species of Altihoratosphaga is quite different from that observed in other species of the genus Horatosphaga (H. heteromorpha, Horatosphaga leggei (Kirby, 1909), and H. parensis; K. - G. Heller, C. Hemp, unpubl. data). Differences in the number of teeth and their size, as can be seen in Figure 2, may indicate species-specific parameters, but cannot be evaluated at present because of insufficient data. Songs All three recorded species produced songs containing the same two types of elements, A and B (Figs 3, 4). The simplest verse structure is found in A. hanangensis sp. nov., where almost invariably one A element and one B element were combined. These AB verses were repeated at intervals of 12.5 ± 3 s (N = 10; 18 ° C, estimate). Only once was an isolated element A recorded. Element A consisted of seven groups of impulses, with the last group being by far the loudest, and element B consisted of five or six single impulses or impulse groups, with the first of each group being by far the loudest (Fig. 3). In the acoustic repertoire of A. montivaga, the combination AB is also the most distinctive verse type. However, in our recordings it was never found to be isolated, but was always preceded by several (mostly two) A elements, with increasing amplitude (Fig. 3). This complete final verse (A + A + AB) is usually preceded by a series of often three, rarely up to 15, softer verses, consisting of A elements only or additionally with an abbreviated B element (one or two impulses only), separated from each other and from the final verse by intervals of around 10 – 20 s. Rarely, other final structures such as A + AB or A + A + AB + AB were observed (N = 81 final verses in 90 - min recording time). The structure of both elements was the same as in A. hanangensis sp. nov., with between six and eight single impulses or impulse groups in element B. Differences in the duration of both parts may be at least partly related to temperature differences. The song of A. nou was also composed of the two elements A and B. However, both elements were repeated several times to build one verse. On average, a verse of A. nou started with 13 ± 1.4 A elements, ing a similar sound production mechanism, possibly element A of Altihoratosphaga is produced by a fixed pattern of several opening and closing movements using the distal part of the file only, whereas the B elements may result from scraper – file contacts in the proximal part. [In this way complete syllables would never be produced, or would only be produced once per verse; instead, what may be called dista-syllables (different types) and proxi-syllables (one type) are sounded.] Distribution All species of Altihoratosphaga are restricted to submontane and montane habitats of Tanzania. followed by 5 ± 0.9 B elements (range 9 – 16 A, 3 – 7 B; N = 58). The B elements mostly consisted of several impulse groups, but in some records they also consisted of single impulses (Fig. 3). The A elements were repeated at 3.6 Hz (a period of 275 ms), whereas within the B elements the impulse group period was 27 ms, on average. The frequency spectrum of the song was quite similar in all species examined (Fig. 5). Its maximum was in the audible range, between about 10 and 15 kHz. All three species typically performed their calling songs after sunset. Probable mechanism of sound production As can be recognized from the description (see also Figs 3, 4), the song has a fairly complicated structure that cannot easily be related to any pattern of stridulatory movement. However, the stridulatory file and song have some similarity to that of Acrometopa species (Heller, 1988). In these species the first part of a verse is produced by stridulatory movements using the distal part of the file only, whereas the end of the verse is produced by contact of the scraper with the large, proximal teeth (Heller, 1988: fig. 21 – 2). Assum- Phylogenetic reconstruction The three different phylogenetic analyses (BI, NJ, and MP) all resulted in the same identical tree topology, shown in Figure 6. All three investigated Altihoratosphaga species cluster together, and the genus shows high clade support in all analyses. The genetic distances confirm the distinctiveness of Altihoratosphaga both within the Acrometopini and the subfamily Phaneropterinae (Table 2). The largest genetic distance (calculated using the GTR + I + G model) within Altihoratosphaga is 0.025, whereas the smallest genetic distance between the genus and all other in-group taxa are 0.289 (H. tenera).	en	Hemp, Claudia, Voje, Kjetil Lysne, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Warchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta, Hemp, Andreas (2010): A new genus of African Acrometopini (Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) based on morphology, chromosomes, acoustics, distribution, and molecular data, and the description of a new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 158 (1): 66-82, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00542.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00542.x
710E872AFFB91D1FFCF5941AA4E770EF.taxon	materials_examined	Checked material: Two males and one female, Mt Meru, Ngurdoto Crater, Natural History Museum, London; nine males, nine females, and two female nymphs, West Kilimanjaro, Lerongo 1500 m a. s. l., Isoglossa laxa clearings, Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) grid zone 37 M 02 86 287 E, 96 54 059 S, February 2000, February 2002, June 2006, and February 2008; one male and one female, West Kilimanjaro, Kifufu Estate, on clearing of disturbed sub- Key to the species (males)	en	Hemp, Claudia, Voje, Kjetil Lysne, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Warchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta, Hemp, Andreas (2010): A new genus of African Acrometopini (Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) based on morphology, chromosomes, acoustics, distribution, and molecular data, and the description of a new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 158 (1): 66-82, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00542.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00542.x
710E872AFFB91D1FFCF5941AA4E770EF.taxon	description	Monticolaria manyara Monticolaria meruensis Altihoratosphaga nou Altihoratosphaga hanangensis Altihoratosphaga montivaga Peronura uguenoensis Peronura clavigera Horatosphaga parensis Horatosphaga heteromorpha 68 Horatosphaga tenera montane forest, 1450 m a. s. l., April 2002; one female, between Mt Meru and Mt Kilimanjaro, Ol Donyo Muruma, 1320 m a. s. l., disturbed submontane forest, February 2001; one male, Mt Meru, on clearing of disturbed submontane forest 1400 m a. s. l., June 2006. Diagnosis: Altihoratosphaga montivaga (Fig. 7 C, F) is closely related to both A. nou and A. hanangensis sp. nov. All three species share the black spots on the tegmina, and a verrucose pronotal disc. The males of A. montivaga are of similar size to males of A. nou and A. hanangensis sp. nov., whereas the females are generally larger than the females of the two latter species. Both males and females of A. nomima are considerably larger than those of A. nou and A. hanangensis sp. nov., but the females are of similar size to those of A. montivaga.	en	Hemp, Claudia, Voje, Kjetil Lysne, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Warchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta, Hemp, Andreas (2010): A new genus of African Acrometopini (Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) based on morphology, chromosomes, acoustics, distribution, and molecular data, and the description of a new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 158 (1): 66-82, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00542.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00542.x
710E872AFFB61D1CFF199673A443731B.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined: One male and one female, Tanganyika Territory, Mroke 30 August 21 (Swynnerton); one male one female, Tanganyika, Ruaha National Park, 15 March 1966 (FitzGerald); NHML. Diagnosis: Differs from all other Altihoratosphaga species in a rather smooth pronotum with few very shallow rugosities only on the pronotal disc, and in the lack of black spots on the tegmina. In respect of body size it is the largest Altihoratosphaga species. Differentiating characters of all Altihoratosphaga species are listed in Table 3. Discussion: The Mpwapwa plateau, a mountainous area north of the small town Mpwapwa, reaches elevations of up to 1500 m a. s. l. It is suggested that A. nomima occupies a similar habitat (i. e. herbaceous vegetation in clearings and along forest edges of the submontane – montane zone) as the other Altihoratosphaga species. As A. nomima specimens are also recorded from further south, from the Ruaha National Park, where this species was collected from riverine vegetation, this species is presumed to occur on the mountainous areas in between, such as further east in the Ukaguru Mountains, which reach elevations of over 1500 m a. s. l., or the Rubeho Mountains, with elevations of over 1800 m a. s. l. However, the male from Ruaha and the holotype male from Mpwapwa differ slightly in some characters. The male cerci in the holotype of A. nomima (Fig. 8 H) are more acute than those of the male from Ruaha National Park (Fig. 9 D). Also, the venation of the tegmina differs slightly, and the Mpwapwa male has more rugosities on the pronotal disc than the Ruaha specimen. More material from this region of Tanzania is necessary, as well as data on habitat and ecology (song), to decide whether specimens from these two localities belong to the same species.	en	Hemp, Claudia, Voje, Kjetil Lysne, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Warchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta, Hemp, Andreas (2010): A new genus of African Acrometopini (Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) based on morphology, chromosomes, acoustics, distribution, and molecular data, and the description of a new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 158 (1): 66-82, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00542.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00542.x
710E872AFFB51D1CFF08960BA1CF724F.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined: Six males and two females, Tanzania, Manyara District, Marang Forest Reserve (3 ° 42 ′ 0 ″ S, 35 ° 40 ′ 0 ″ E), forest clearings and forest edge, 1800 m a. s. l., January 2008. Diagnosis: See that of A. montivaga, A. nomima, and A. hanangensis sp. nov., and Table 3.	en	Hemp, Claudia, Voje, Kjetil Lysne, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Warchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta, Hemp, Andreas (2010): A new genus of African Acrometopini (Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) based on morphology, chromosomes, acoustics, distribution, and molecular data, and the description of a new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 158 (1): 66-82, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00542.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00542.x
710E872AFFB21D1BFF1090B4A06370C0.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: Male: Tanzania, Mbulu District, Mt Hanang, lower border of disturbed montane forest (Fig. 7 D), herbaceous vegetation and low bushes, 1950 m a. s. l., UTM zone 36 M 07 69 816 E, 95 05 197 S, May 2006, C. Hemp coll.; depository, MNB. Paratypes: All Tanzania: one female, same collection data as holotype; depository, MNB; one male, same collection data as holotype; depository, NHML. One female, same collection data as holotype; depository, NHML. One male, same collection data as holotype; depository, EDNMK. Additional paratype material examined: All from Tanzania, all C. Hemp coll., seven males, same data as holotype; three nymphs, on herbs in grass / scrubland at edge of strongly disturbed forest, 2600 m a. s. l., January 2008. Description: Male: colour dark green, stridulatory area of right tegmen, margins of tegmina, and anterior margin of pronotum bordered yellow (Fig. 7 A). In preserved insects the colour fades to a dull green or to near tawny in colour. Head and antennae: antennae dark with annulate dark markings every few segments; length of antennae about three times as long as the length of the insect. Cuticle of head smooth, fastigium of vertex sulcate between eyes, and elevated ridge medially on dorsal head; in front of eyes conus. Eyes small and circular. Thorax: pronotum without lateral carinae; verrucose pronotal disc, with dark dorsal markings (Fig. 8 A, I). Tegmina and wings: tegmina surpassing body by about one third, length to width ratio about 3.3. Venation of right forewings as in Figure 9 I; irregular black spots present all over the tegmina. Alae much reduced, hidden under tegmina, about 3.5 - mm long. Legs: tympanic auricles conchate. Fore femora with six small ventral spines posteriorly, mid and hind femora with between six and 12 spines ventrally, in two rows, with anterior row of spines black tipped; fore and mid tibiae with between eight and 12 minute spinules, in two rows ventrally, and hind tibiae with numerous small spinules in four rows. Genitalia: subgenital plate incised posteriorly (Figs 8 E, 9 E), with a median ridge ventrally. Tenth abdominal tergite unmodified. Cerci slender, with incurved tips (Figs 8 E, 9 A). Female: general facies, colour dark green, yellow lines not as apparent as in males. Thorax: pronotum dorsally broader than in male, and without darkbrown marking. Tegmina broader along whole length compared with male, and rounded at apex, venation faint. Legs: as in male. Genitalia: subgenital plate broad and heart shaped (Fig. 9 J). Ovipositor slender, upcurved, and serrated at apex. Cerci slender and straight (Figs 8 J, 9 K). Measurements, male (N = 9): Total length of body: 16 – 20 mm (mean 18.6 mm). Median length of pronotum: 5.2 – 5.7 mm (mean 5.4 mm). Length of hind femur: 22 – 27 mm (mean 24.4 mm). Length of tegmina: 17 – 20 mm (mean 18.7 mm). Measurements, female (N = 5): Total length of body: 29 – 38 mm (mean 33.6 mm). Median length of pronotum: 5.5 – 6.7 mm (mean 6.1 mm). Length of hind femur: 22 – 25 mm (mean 23.8 mm). Length of tegmina: 17 – 23 mm (mean 20.8 mm). Length of ovipositor: 12 – 15 mm (mean 13.6 mm). Diagnosis: Altihoratosphaga hanangensis sp. nov. is closely related to both A. montivaga (Fig. 7 C, F) and A. nou (Fig. 7 B, E). All three species have verrucose pronotal discs, dark spots on the forewings, and a very similar habitus. Clear differences are to be found only in the male genitals (see Fig. 8 E – H, Table 3, and the key). For characters to differentiate between other flightless Horatosphaga species, see Hemp (2006 a). Song: See above (Figs 3, 4). Habitat: Altihoratosphaga hanangensis sp. nov. inhabits herbaceous vegetation along the montane forest edge and degraded scrubland at the lower forest border of Mt Hanang. It was collected at altitudes of about 1850 – 2600 m a. s. l. Co-occurring Saltatoria species: At the lower border of the heavily disturbed montane forest of Mt Hanang, A. hanangensis sp. nov. lives syntopically with the following species: Acanthacris ruficornis (Fabricius, 1787), Amytta sp., Gymnobothrus temporalis flexuosus (Schulthess, 1898), Odonturoides sp., Parepistaurus sp., Phaeocatantops sp., Phaneroptera sparsa Stål, 1857, and Taphronota calliparea (Schaum, 1853).	en	Hemp, Claudia, Voje, Kjetil Lysne, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Warchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta, Hemp, Andreas (2010): A new genus of African Acrometopini (Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) based on morphology, chromosomes, acoustics, distribution, and molecular data, and the description of a new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 158 (1): 66-82, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00542.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00542.x
710E872AFFB11D07FF7B9090A1D374E2.taxon	description	Brunner von Wattenwyl C. 1878. Monographie der Phaneropteriden. 1 – 401, pls 1 – 8. Wien: Brockhaus. Descamps M. 1977. Monographie des Thericleidae (Orthoptera Acridomorpha Eumastacoidea). Musee Royal de L’Afrique Centrale-Tervuren, Belgique. Annales 8, Sciences Zoologiques 216: 1 – 475. Dirsh VM. 1965. The African genera of Acridoidea. Cambridge: Anti-Locust Research Centre, Cambridge University. Farris JS. 1970. Methods for computing wagner trees. Systematic Zoology 19: 83 – 92. Fjeldså J, Ehrlich D, Lambin E, Prins E. 1997. Are biodiversity, hotspots’ correlated with current ecoclimatic stability? A pilot study using the Noaa-AVHRR remote sensing data. Biodiversity and Conservation 6: 401 – 422. Folmer O, Black M, Hoeh W, Lutz R, Vrijenhoek R. 1994. DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology 3: 294 – 299. Green SV. 1998. Revision of the African grasshopper genus Parepistaurus Karsch 1896 (Orthoptera Acrididae Coptacridinae). Tropical Zoology 11: 259 – 332. Griffiths CJ. 1993. The geological evolution of East Africa. In: Lovett JC, Wasser SK, eds. Biogeography and ecology of the rain forests of eastern Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 9 – 21. Grunshaw JP. 1991. A revision of the grasshopper genus Heteracris (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Eyprepocnemidinae). NRI, Overseas Development and Natural Resources Institute Bulletin 38: 1 – 106. Heller K-G. 1988. Bioakustik der europäischen Laubheuschrecken. Weikersheim: Verlag Josef Margraf, 1 – 358. Heller K-G, Helversen DV. 1993. Calling behavior in bushcrickets with differing communication systems (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Phaneropteridae, Poecilimon). Journal of Insect Behavior 6: 363 – 377. Hemp C. 2002. New Acrometopae from East Africa (Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Journal of Orthoptera Research 11: 67 – 76. Hemp C. 2006 a. Two new species of Horatosphaga Schaum 1853 from the highlands of East Africa (Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Journal of Orthoptera Research 15 (2): 251 – 259. Hemp C. 2006 b. Aerotegmina shengenae, a new species of Listroscelidinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from the Eastern Arc moutains of East Africa. Journal of Orthoptera Research 15 (1): 99 – 103. Hemp C. 2009. Cloud forests in East Africa as evolutionary motors for speciation processes of flightless Saltatoria species. Chapter 18. In: Bruijnzeel LA, Scatena FN, Hamilton LS, eds. Mountains in the mist: science for conservation and management of tropical montane cloud forests. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, in press. Hemp C, Voje KL, Heller K. - G, Hemp A. 2009. Biogeography, phylogeny and acoustics of the flightless bush-crickets of the East African genus Monticolaria Sjöstedt, 1909, with the description of a new species (Orthoptera: Phaneropterinae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 156: 494 – 506. Huelsenbeck JP, Ronquist F. 2001. MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. Bioinformatics 17: 754 – 755. Iversen ST. 1991. The Usambara mountains, NE Tanzania: phytogeography of the vascular plant flora. Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses 29: 1 – 234. Jago ND. 1968. New East African taxa in the genus Gymnobothroides (Acridinae; Acrididae; Orthoptera). Notulae Naturae Philadelphia 417: 1 – 14. Kumar S, Tamura K, Nei M. 2004. MEGA 3: integrated software for molecular evolutionary genetics analysis and sequence alignment. Briefings in Bioinformatics 5: 150 – 163. Lovett J. 1988. Endemism and affinities of the Tanzanian montane forest flora. In: Goldblatt P, Lowry PP, eds. Proceedings of the eleventh plenary meeting of the Association for the Taxonomic Study of Tropical Africa. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 25: 591 – 598. de Menocal PB. 1995. Pliopleistocene African climate. Science 270: 53 – 59. de Menocal PB. 2004. African climate change and faunal evolution during the pliocene-pleistocene. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 220: 3 – 24. Posada D, Crandall KA. 1998. MODELTEST: testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics 14: 817 – 818. Ragge DR. 1960. The Acrometopae of the Ethiopian region: a revision, with notes on the sexual dimorphism shown by the group (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology 8: 269 – 333. Ragge DR. 1964. A revision of the genus Tylopsis Fieber (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology 15: 297 – 322. Saitou N, Nei M. 1987. The neighbor-joining method – a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Molecular Biology and Evolution 4: 406 – 425. Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T. 1989. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbour, New York: Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory Press. Schlüter T. 1997. Geology of East Africa. Beiträge zur regionalen Geographie der Ere 27. Berlin: Bornträger. Sjöstedt Y. 1909. In: Sjöstedt Y, ed. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Zoologischen Expedition nach dem Kilimanjaro, dem Meru und den umgebenden Massaisteppen Deutsch-Ostafrikas 1905 – 1906. 17. Orthoptera. Locustodea: 125 – 148, Acridoidae: 149 – 200. Sumner T. 1972. A simple technique for demonstrating centromere heterochromatin. Experimental Cell Res 75: 304 – 306. Swofford DL. 2001. PAUP *: phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (* and other methods). Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates. Trauth MH, Maslin MA, Deino A, Strecker MR. 2005. Late cenozoic moisture history of East Africa. Science 309: 2051 – 2053. Voje KL. 2007. Climatic change as an engine for speciation in Orthoptera species: flightless species on African mountains as a model system. Masters of Science Thesis, University of Oslo, Norway. Voje KL, Hemp C, Flagstad Ø, Saetre G. - P, Stenseth NC. 2009. Climatic change as an engine for speciation in Orthoptera species: flightless species on African mountains as a model system. Molecular Ecology 18: 93 – 108. Warchałowska-Śliwa E. 1998. Karyotype characteristics of katydids orthopterans (Ensifera, Tettigoniidae) and remarks on their evolution at different taxonomic levels. Folia biologica (Kraków) 46: 143 – 177. Warchałowska-Śliwa E, Chobanov DP, Grzywacz B, Maryanska-Nadachowska A. 2008. A taxonomy of the genus Isophya (Orthoptera, Phaneropteridae, Barbitistinae): comparison of karyological and morphological data. Folia biologica (Kraków) 56: 227 – 241. White MJD. 1973. Animal cytology and evolution, 3 rd edn. London: Cambridge University Press.	en	Hemp, Claudia, Voje, Kjetil Lysne, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Warchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta, Hemp, Andreas (2010): A new genus of African Acrometopini (Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) based on morphology, chromosomes, acoustics, distribution, and molecular data, and the description of a new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 158 (1): 66-82, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00542.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00542.x
