taxonID	type	description	language	source
6E3187A3FFD03D296DA4FCCAFD394CDE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (emended after Magalhães & Bailey-Brock 2012). Rounded prostomium without palpode. Intersegmental groove between peristomium and achaetous segment may be complete or incomplete. Thorax with 11 – 16 segments, including two achaetous segments (an achaetous peristomium and a following achaetous segment with lateral organs) and 9 – 14 chaetigers with capillary chaetae. Last thoracic chaetiger may have capillary notochaetae and hooded neurohooks or capillary chaetae only in both rami. Abdomen with hooded hooks throughout or with one or more pre-anal segments with acicular spines in the notopodia. Pygidium expanded as a poorly or well-developed anal plaque with a pair of ventral digitiform cirri; with or without a median membrane. Anal plaque with embedded or protruding acicular spines.	en	Silva, Camila Fernanda Da, Amaral, Antonia Cecilia Zacagnini (2019): Scyphoproctus Gravier, 1904 (Annelida, Capitellidae): description of three new species and relocation of Heteromastides Augener, 1914 in Scyphoproctus. Zootaxa 4560 (1): 95-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.1.5
6E3187A3FFD03D296DA4FCCAFD394CDE.taxon	discussion	Remarks. All Scyphoproctus species have a rounded prostomium, generally thin, lack palpode, and the intersegmental division between peristomium and achaetous segment may be complete or incomplete; when it is incomplete, the delimitation between both segments may not be conspicuous leading to a confusion on the counting of the thoracic segments in Scyphoproctus specimens. The anal plaque may or may not present a median membrane between the anal cirri, which is taxonomic important because its shape, length and width are variable. Magalhães & Blake (2017) discussed about the possibility that Leiocapitellides Hartmann-Schröder, 1960 and Heteromastides Augener, 1914 could actually belong to Scyphoproctus. After a revision of the holotype of H. platyproctus Pillai, 1961 (BMNH 1960.3.13.22) it was possible to conclude that it belongs to the current definition of Scyphoproctus. Heteromastides platyproctus presents a rounded prostomium without palpode, a well-developed anal plaque formed by the fusion of 10 chaetigers, and an achaetous segment, unnoticed by the author probably due to the conservation state of the specimens.	en	Silva, Camila Fernanda Da, Amaral, Antonia Cecilia Zacagnini (2019): Scyphoproctus Gravier, 1904 (Annelida, Capitellidae): description of three new species and relocation of Heteromastides Augener, 1914 in Scyphoproctus. Zootaxa 4560 (1): 95-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.1.5
6E3187A3FFD03D296DA4FCCAFD394CDE.taxon	materials_examined	The type material of Heteromastides bifidus Augener, 1914, type-species of the genus, could not be examined; however, according to the discussion of Pillai (1961), the only two differences between both species are that the anal plaque of H. bifidus lacks acicular spines (or they may not be protruding) and bears two anal cirri “ arising from a common pedicle ”, probably meaning that the anal plaque presents a median membrane between both cirri; confirming that it is also a Scyphoproctus species.	en	Silva, Camila Fernanda Da, Amaral, Antonia Cecilia Zacagnini (2019): Scyphoproctus Gravier, 1904 (Annelida, Capitellidae): description of three new species and relocation of Heteromastides Augener, 1914 in Scyphoproctus. Zootaxa 4560 (1): 95-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.1.5
6E3187A3FFD53D226DA4FF47FE324AE7.taxon	description	(Figures 2 ̄ 3)	en	Silva, Camila Fernanda Da, Amaral, Antonia Cecilia Zacagnini (2019): Scyphoproctus Gravier, 1904 (Annelida, Capitellidae): description of three new species and relocation of Heteromastides Augener, 1914 in Scyphoproctus. Zootaxa 4560 (1): 95-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.1.5
6E3187A3FFD53D226DA4FF47FE324AE7.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Scyphoproctus oculatus Reish, 1959, holotype LACM-AHF POLY 481 — (33 ° 36 ' 59 '' N, 117 ° 54 ' 18 '' W): 26.3 m deep, Orange County, Newport, California, USA, 1 spec.	en	Silva, Camila Fernanda Da, Amaral, Antonia Cecilia Zacagnini (2019): Scyphoproctus Gravier, 1904 (Annelida, Capitellidae): description of three new species and relocation of Heteromastides Augener, 1914 in Scyphoproctus. Zootaxa 4560 (1): 95-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.1.5
6E3187A3FFD53D226DA4FF47FE324AE7.taxon	description	Description. Holotype 20 mm long, 1.0 mm wide for 97 chaetigers. Body thin; thorax same width as anterior abdomen (Fig. 3 A). Yellowish color in alcohol. Prostomium broadly rounded, in demilune shape, base 1.5 x wider than long (Fig. 2 A); nuchal organs not observed; eyespots as a pair of elliptical-shaped areas on each side (Fig. 2 A). Proboscis globular-shaped, papillae not observed. Peristomium 1.5 x longer than achaetous segment (Figs 2 A; 3 A). Incomplete inter-segmental groove between peristomium and achaetous segment (Figs 2 A; 3 A). Thorax with 13 segments, including the peristomium, one additional achaetous segment, and 11 chaetigers. Bilimbate capillaries in notopodia and neuropodia of chaetigers 1 – 11. Thorax smooth with chaetigers strongly biannulate; moderate depth of inter-segmental grooves between chaetigers. First chaetiger biramous. Parapodial lobes well-separated; notopodia inserted dorso-laterally and neuropodia laterally. Lateral organs present from the achaetous segment. Transition between thorax and abdomen conspicuous, marked mainly by chaetal change and appearance of parapodial lobes (Fig. 3 A). Abdominal chaetigers without capillaries. Abdominal notopodia and neuropodia with well-developed tori pads. First notopodial lobes together (Fig. 3 B), distance between lobes increasing along abdomen; neuropodial lobes separated, with nearly same distance throughout abdomen. Notopodial hooks (light microscopy) with large and triangular main fang, surmounted by approximately 10 teeth arranged in three rows in lateral view. Four pre-pygidial segments with neuropodial hooks and notopodial spines — 3, 3, 2, 2 spines per notopodial lobe, greater number of spines near anal plaque (Fig. 2 C). Anal plaque well-developed, circle-shaped, with five sets of spines protruding from plaque margin (5,3,2,2,1, each side) (Fig. 2 B – C). Median-sized anal aperture on inferior third of plaque, beginning as a slit from base of anal cirri (Fig. 2 B). Two short and robust cirri, 1.5 x longer than wide and base 3 x wider than distal end; without a median membrane (Figs 2 B – C; 3 C – D).	en	Silva, Camila Fernanda Da, Amaral, Antonia Cecilia Zacagnini (2019): Scyphoproctus Gravier, 1904 (Annelida, Capitellidae): description of three new species and relocation of Heteromastides Augener, 1914 in Scyphoproctus. Zootaxa 4560 (1): 95-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.1.5
6E3187A3FFD53D226DA4FF47FE324AE7.taxon	discussion	Remarks. According to drawings and original description, Scyphoproctus oculatus lacks the achaetous segment. All Scyphoproctus species present an achaetous segment, posterior to peristomium, and the intersegmental groove between peristomium and achaetous segment may be complete or incomplete; when it is incomplete, the delimitation between both segments may not be conspicuous. Re-examination of the type material made possible to confirm that S. oculatus presents an achaetous segment with an incomplete inter-segmental groove, unnoticed in the original description. The original description presents a variation on the number of acicular spines in the anal plaque; however, together with the holotype there were some specimens that were not S. oculatus and some small posterior fragments; in this way the re-description was made based only on the holotype (that it was complete) in order to avoid any possible mistake.	en	Silva, Camila Fernanda Da, Amaral, Antonia Cecilia Zacagnini (2019): Scyphoproctus Gravier, 1904 (Annelida, Capitellidae): description of three new species and relocation of Heteromastides Augener, 1914 in Scyphoproctus. Zootaxa 4560 (1): 95-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.1.5
6E3187A3FFDB3D226DA4FDC9FC074C95.taxon	description	(Figure 4)	en	Silva, Camila Fernanda Da, Amaral, Antonia Cecilia Zacagnini (2019): Scyphoproctus Gravier, 1904 (Annelida, Capitellidae): description of three new species and relocation of Heteromastides Augener, 1914 in Scyphoproctus. Zootaxa 4560 (1): 95-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.1.5
6E3187A3FFDB3D226DA4FDC9FC074C95.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Scyphoproctus pseudoarmatus (Silva, 1965), holotype BMNH 1963.14.8 — Kalkuda, Ceylon, Sri Lanka, shallow tide pools, 1 spec.	en	Silva, Camila Fernanda Da, Amaral, Antonia Cecilia Zacagnini (2019): Scyphoproctus Gravier, 1904 (Annelida, Capitellidae): description of three new species and relocation of Heteromastides Augener, 1914 in Scyphoproctus. Zootaxa 4560 (1): 95-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.1.5
6E3187A3FFDB3D226DA4FDC9FC074C95.taxon	description	Description. Body rounded; anterior thorax slightly wider than abdomen (Fig. 4 A). Brownish color in alcohol. Prostomium short, rectangular, with rounded anterior end, 1.5 x longer than wide (Fig. 4 A); nuchal organs not observed; eyespots absent. Peristomium 3 x longer than thoracic chaetigers, border with achaetous segment 1.5 x wider than anterior edge (Fig. 4 D). Incomplete inter-segmental groove between peristomium and achaetous segment (Fig. 4 D). Thorax with 15 segments, including the peristomium, one additional achaetous segment, and 13 chaetigers. Bilimbate capillaries in noto- and neuropodia of chaetigers 1 – 12, hooded hooks in noto- and neuropodia of chaetiger 13. Thorax smooth with chaetigers biannulate; moderate depth of inter-segmental grooves between chaetigers. First chaetiger biramous. Parapodial lobes well-separated; notopodia inserted dorso-laterally and neuropodia neuro-laterally (Fig. 4 D). Lateral organs absent or not conspicuous. Transition between thorax and abdomen conspicuous, marked by constriction, chaetal change and appearance of parapodial lobes (Fig. 4 A – B). Abdominal chaetigers without capillaries. Abdominal notopodium and neuropodium with well-developed tori pads. First notopodial lobes larger and almost together, distance between lobes increasing along the abdomen, and width of lobes decreases (Fig. 4 B); short distance between neuropodial lobes, nearly the same distance throughout the abdomen (Fig. 4 C). Hooded hooks not observed because it was not allowed to remove any tissue from the specimen. Seven pre-pygidial segments with neuropodial hooks and notopodial spines (11,10, 10, 9,9,7,5, each side), greater number of spines near plaque; first three pre-pygidial segments (toward the anal plaque) with dorsal edges of segment triangular with a filamentous tip, one of transition, and three with rounded edges (Fig. 4 E). Anal plaque well-developed formed by two fused chaetigers; rounded, with thin and foliage border; plaque with the sets of acicular spines in horizontal rows protruding midway on each side of the plaque, not reaching the plaque margin (6,5, each side). Small and terminal anus, on the base of the membrane (Fig. 4 F). Two short and thin cirri, 4 – 5 x longer than wide; median triangular membrane, posterior border (where cirri emerge) 1.2 x wider than anterior margin (near anus) (Fig. 4 F).	en	Silva, Camila Fernanda Da, Amaral, Antonia Cecilia Zacagnini (2019): Scyphoproctus Gravier, 1904 (Annelida, Capitellidae): description of three new species and relocation of Heteromastides Augener, 1914 in Scyphoproctus. Zootaxa 4560 (1): 95-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.1.5
6E3187A3FFDB3D226DA4FDC9FC074C95.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Magalhães & Bailey-Brock (2012) synonymized the genus Pulliella with Scyphoproctus with the description of the new species Scyphoproctus edmondsoni, which also presented a poorly developed anal plaque. The authors suggested that type material of Scyphoproctus pseudoarmatus should be revised in order to confirm if the anal plaque of this species was well- or poorly developed. According to drawings of the original description, it seems that the anal plate is poorly developed; however, reexamination of the type specimen made possible to confirm that S. pseudoarmatus presents a well-developed anal plaque with sets of acicular spines in horizontal rows protruding midway on each side of the plaque, not reaching the plaque margin. It was also possible to certify the presence of the achaetous segment, not mentioned in the original description.	en	Silva, Camila Fernanda Da, Amaral, Antonia Cecilia Zacagnini (2019): Scyphoproctus Gravier, 1904 (Annelida, Capitellidae): description of three new species and relocation of Heteromastides Augener, 1914 in Scyphoproctus. Zootaxa 4560 (1): 95-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.1.5
6E3187A3FFDA3D266DA4F9BFFBD44CA0.taxon	description	(Figures 5 ̄ 7)	en	Silva, Camila Fernanda Da, Amaral, Antonia Cecilia Zacagnini (2019): Scyphoproctus Gravier, 1904 (Annelida, Capitellidae): description of three new species and relocation of Heteromastides Augener, 1914 in Scyphoproctus. Zootaxa 4560 (1): 95-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.1.5
6E3187A3FFDA3D266DA4F9BFFBD44CA0.taxon	materials_examined	Type series. Holotype (ZUEC POL 20591): state of São Paulo, São Sebastião, Araçá Bay (23 ° 48 ' S, 45 ° 24 ' W): coll. 15 Feb 2013; rocky shore; intertidal; 1 spec. Paratypes: state of São Paulo, São Sebastião, Araçá Bay (23 ° 48 ' S, 45 ° 24 ' W): paratypes 1 and 2 (ZUEC POL 20571): coll. 19 Mar 2015; rocky shore; intertidal; 2 specs. Paratypes 3 – 11 (ZUEC POL 20574): coll. 16 May 2014; rocky shore; intertidal; 9 specs. Paratype 12 (ZUEC POL 20575): coll. 10 Nov 2013; rocky shore; intertidal; 1 spec. Paratype 13 (ZUEC POL 20577): coll. 29 Oct 2011; soft-bottom; intertidal; Stn. 20 (2) A; 1 spec. State of São Paulo, São Sebastião, São Francisco Beach (23 ° 44 ' 54 " S, 45 ° 24 ' 34 " W): paratype 14 (ZUEC POL 20580): coll. 23 Jun 2013; sandy beach; Stn. 45; 1 spec. Paratypes 15 – 17 (ZUEC POL 20581): coll. 23 Jun 2013; sandy beach; Stn. 72; 3 specs. Paratypes 18 and 19 (ZUEC POL 20582): coll. 23 Jun 2013; sandy beach; Stn. 48; 2 specs. Paratypes 20 – 25 (ZUEC POL 20583): coll. 11 Apr 2013; sandy beach; Stn. 20 P; 6 specs. Paratype 26 (ZUEC POL 20590): coll. 0 4 Oct 1995; sandy beach; 1 spec. State of Paraíba, Cabo Branco Beach (7 ° 08 ' S, 34 ° 47 ' W): paratypes 27 – 29 (ZUEC POL 20587): coll. 0 1 Feb 2010; in rhodoliths; intertidal; 3 specs. Additional material examined. State of São Paulo, São Sebastião, Araçá Bay (23 ° 48 ' S, 45 ° 24 ' W). (ZUEC POL 20572): coll. 15 Feb 2013; rocky shore; intertidal; 5 specs. (ZUEC POL 20573): coll. 26 Sep 2011; softbottom; intertidal; Stn. 4 (3) A; 1 spec. (ZUEC POL 20576): coll. 23 Feb 2013; soft-bottom; intertidal; Stn. 152 (1) G; 1 spec. (ZUEC POL 20578): coll. 12 Oct 2012; soft-bottom; intertidal; Stn. 3 (2) Pr; 1 spec. (ZUEC POL 20579): coll. 0 8 Feb 2012; soft-bottom; intertidal; Stn. 66 (2) Pr; 1 spec. State of São Paulo, São Sebastião, São Francisco Beach (23 ° 44 ' 54 " S, 45 ° 24 ' 34 " W). (ZUEC POL 20584): coll. 11 Apr 2013; sandy beach; intertidal; Stn. 5 G; 2 specs. (ZUEC POL 20585): coll. 23 Jun 2013; sandy beach; intertidal; Stn. 43; 3 specs. State of São Paulo, Caraguatatuba, Enseada Beach (23 ° 43 ' 40 " S, 45 ° 25 ' 10 " W). (ZUEC POL 20586): coll. 12 Apr 2013; sandy beach; intertidal; Stn. 47 P; 3 specs. State of Paraíba, Cabo Branco Beach (7 ° 08 ' S, 34 ° 47 ' W). (ZUEC POL 20588): coll. 0 8 Feb 2009; in rhodoliths; intertidal; 1 spec. State of Paraíba, Jacumã Beach (7 ° 14 ' S, 34 ° 47 ' W). (ZUEC POL 20589): coll. 29 Jan 2010; in rhodoliths; intertidal; 1 spec. Comparative material. Scyphoproctus edmondsoni Magalhães & Bailey-Brock, 2012, holotype USNM 1191161 — Nuupia Pond, Hawai, 21 ° 25 ' 58.8 '' N, 157 ° 44 ′ 52.8 ″ W, paratypes USNM 1191162 — Nuupia Pond, Hawai, 21 ° 25 ' 58.8 '' N, 157 ° 44 ' 52.8 '' W.	en	Silva, Camila Fernanda Da, Amaral, Antonia Cecilia Zacagnini (2019): Scyphoproctus Gravier, 1904 (Annelida, Capitellidae): description of three new species and relocation of Heteromastides Augener, 1914 in Scyphoproctus. Zootaxa 4560 (1): 95-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.1.5
6E3187A3FFDA3D266DA4F9BFFBD44CA0.taxon	description	Description. Complete holotype 21 mm long, 0.9 mm wide for 83 chaetigers. Complete specimens ranged from 2.5 – 15 mm, long 0.3 – 1.1 mm wide and 24 – 79 chaetigers; incomplete specimens ranged from 0.3 – 2.2 mm wide. Body rounded; thorax wider than abdomen; abdomen slightly narrowing toward pygidium (Fig. 5 A). Whitish color in alcohol. Prostomium rectangular, 2 x longer than wide, rounded on anterior end (Figs 5 A; 6 B ̄ C; 7 A); nuchal organs not observed; eyespots as a pair of densely pigmented red areas forming inverted “ U ” (Figs 5 A; 6 C). Proboscis globular-shaped, with several robust papillae (Fig. 6 C). Peristomium longer than achaetous segment 1 (Figs 5 A; 6 B; 7 A). Complete inter-segmental groove between peristomium and achaetous segment (Figs 5 A; 7 A). Thorax with 11 segments, including peristomium, one additional achaetous segment, and 9 chaetigers. Bilimbate capillaries in noto- and neuropodia of chaetigers 1 – 9. Thorax smooth with chaetigers 1 biannulate; shallow inter-segmental grooves between chaetigers. First chaetiger biramous. Parapodial lobes well-separated; notopodia inserted dorso-laterally and neuropodia laterally. Lateral organs present from the achaetous segment, more conspicuous on larger specimens. Transition between thorax and abdomen subtle, marked mainly by chaetal change (Figs 5 A; 6 A; 7 A). Abdominal chaetigers without capillaries. Abdominal notopodia and neuropodia with well-developed tori pads and well-separated, distance between tori remaining similar throughout abdomen (Fig. 6 F). First abdominal notopodium with 9 hooks; first abdominal neuropodium with 11 hooks; number of hooks in both rami increases on next two to three chaetigers and afterwards reduces toward posterior end. Notopodial hooks (seen with SEM) with round and large main fang, right angle with shaft, surmounted by more than 20 teeth arranged in 4 – 5 rows (3 – 4 basally, intercalated among all teeth of tori (Fig. 7 C ̄ D); remaining teeth smaller and with diversified arrangement); thick hood with smooth margin (Fig. 7 C ̄ D). Neuropodial hooks (with SEM) with pointed and large main fang, right angle with shaft, surmounted by 15 – 16 teeth arranged in three rows (3 – 4 basally, intercalated among the teeth of the tori; 5 – 6 median; 6 – 7 apically); thin hood with fringed margin (uneven and pointed fringes) (Fig. 7 E). Four pre-pygidial segments with neuropodial hooks and notopodial spines (3,3,3,2, each side). Anal plaque poorly developed, “ w ” - shaped, with one set of protruding spines (1 spine on each side). Large anal aperture between anal cirri; two short and broadly rounded cirri without membrane (Figs 5 B – C; 6 D; 7 B). Variation. Paratypes with 11 – 12 segments, including the peristomium, one additional achaetous segment, and 9 – 10 chaetigers. Number of hooks of the first abdominal lobe size dependent, notopodium ranging from 2 to 40 and neuropodium from 5 to 43 hooks. Methyl green staining pattern. Chaetigers 1 and 2 with two longitudinal bands of large dark speckles on anterior and posterior parts of the segments, spaced equally from each other; chaetigers 6 – 9 staining with small dark speckles, number of speckles increasing toward chaetiger nine; first two abdominal chaetigers staining darkly around the noto- and neuropodial tori and leaving the glandular pad unstained (Fig. 6 E).	en	Silva, Camila Fernanda Da, Amaral, Antonia Cecilia Zacagnini (2019): Scyphoproctus Gravier, 1904 (Annelida, Capitellidae): description of three new species and relocation of Heteromastides Augener, 1914 in Scyphoproctus. Zootaxa 4560 (1): 95-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.1.5
6E3187A3FFDA3D266DA4F9BFFBD44CA0.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Scyphoproctus paivai sp. nov. belongs to a group of species with a poorly developed anal plaque, which includes S. armatus and S. edmondsoni. Scyphoproctus armatus differs from Scyphoproctus paivai sp. nov. by the number of thoracic chaetigers, number of pre-pygidial segments with acicular spines, and shape of anal cirri. Scyphoproctus armatus has nine thoracic chaetigers and Scyphoproctus paivai sp. nov. has 9 – 10. The number of pre-pygidial segments with acicular spines in S. armatus is 8 – 11 and in Scyphoproctus paivai sp. nov. is four. Anal cirri are digitate in S. armatus and “ w ” - shaped in Scyphoproctus paivai sp. nov. Scyphoproctus edmondsoni also has 9 – 10 thoracic chaetigers, abdominal noto- and neuropodia with wellseparated glandular tori pads, and inflated anal cirri, but it differs from Scyphoproctus paivai sp. nov. by the number of pre-pygidial segments with acicular spines (only one) and by the hooded hooks (number and arrangement of teeth and shape and thickness of the hood). Hooded hooks in Scyphoproctus paivai sp. nov. are different between noto- and neuropodia. Notopodial hooks have more than 20 teeth arranged in 4 – 5 rows and thick hoods with smooth margins; neuropodial hooks have 15 – 16 teeth arranged in three rows and thin hoods with a fringed margin (uneven and pointed fringes). On the other hand, hooded hooks of S. edmondsoni are similar between noto- and neuropodia, with several teeth arranged in 3 – 4 rows, and with a thick and smooth hood.	en	Silva, Camila Fernanda Da, Amaral, Antonia Cecilia Zacagnini (2019): Scyphoproctus Gravier, 1904 (Annelida, Capitellidae): description of three new species and relocation of Heteromastides Augener, 1914 in Scyphoproctus. Zootaxa 4560 (1): 95-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.1.5
6E3187A3FFDA3D266DA4F9BFFBD44CA0.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named after the Prof. Paulo de Cesar Paiva from the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, an expert in benthic ecology, marine phylogeography, and polychaete systematics; an exceptional teacher; and specially a great friend. Habitat. From intertidal to shallow subtidal regions (0 – 0,5 m), in soft-bottom, rhodoliths and rocky shore.	en	Silva, Camila Fernanda Da, Amaral, Antonia Cecilia Zacagnini (2019): Scyphoproctus Gravier, 1904 (Annelida, Capitellidae): description of three new species and relocation of Heteromastides Augener, 1914 in Scyphoproctus. Zootaxa 4560 (1): 95-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.1.5
6E3187A3FFDA3D266DA4F9BFFBD44CA0.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Araçá Bay, São Paulo, Brazil, 23 ° 48 ' S, 45 ° 24 ' W (South Atlantic Ocean).	en	Silva, Camila Fernanda Da, Amaral, Antonia Cecilia Zacagnini (2019): Scyphoproctus Gravier, 1904 (Annelida, Capitellidae): description of three new species and relocation of Heteromastides Augener, 1914 in Scyphoproctus. Zootaxa 4560 (1): 95-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.1.5
6E3187A3FFDA3D266DA4F9BFFBD44CA0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. South Atlantic Ocean: Brazil (states of Paraíba and São Paulo).	en	Silva, Camila Fernanda Da, Amaral, Antonia Cecilia Zacagnini (2019): Scyphoproctus Gravier, 1904 (Annelida, Capitellidae): description of three new species and relocation of Heteromastides Augener, 1914 in Scyphoproctus. Zootaxa 4560 (1): 95-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.1.5
6E3187A3FFDE3D386DA4FA86FA774C90.taxon	description	(Figures 8 ̄ 10)	en	Silva, Camila Fernanda Da, Amaral, Antonia Cecilia Zacagnini (2019): Scyphoproctus Gravier, 1904 (Annelida, Capitellidae): description of three new species and relocation of Heteromastides Augener, 1914 in Scyphoproctus. Zootaxa 4560 (1): 95-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.1.5
6E3187A3FFDE3D386DA4FA86FA774C90.taxon	materials_examined	Type series. Holotype (ZUEC POL 20596): state of Rio de Janeiro, Campos Basin — Paraíba do Sul River (22 ° 1 ' 9 '' S, 40 ° 31 ' 55 '' W): coll. 24 Jul 2009; sublittoral; 49 m deep; Stn. HAB 17 / FOZ 23; 1 spec. Paratypes: state of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo Basin (18 ° 40 ' 55,3 '' S, 38 ° 55 ' 41,48 " W): paratypes 1 ̄ 5 (ZUEC POL 20530): coll. 19 Dec 2010; sublittoral; 29 m deep; Stn. AMB 1 / FOZ 7; 5 specs. Paratypes 6 and 7 (ZUEC POL 20740): coll. 0 2 Feb 2012; sublittoral; 34 m deep; Stn. AMB 7 / E 2; 2 specs. Paratypes 8 ̄ 10 (ZUEC POL 20741): coll. 17 Jul 2013; sublittoral; 147 m deep; Stn. AMB 14 / A 4; 3 specs. State of Rio de Janeiro, Campos Basin (22 ° 52 ' 1 '' S, 40 ° 57 ' 28 '' W): paratypes 11 and 12 (ZUEC POL 20540): coll. 0 3 Jul 2009; sublittoral; 90 m deep; Stn. HAB 16 / C 04; 2 specs. Paratypes 13 ̄ 16 (ZUEC POL 20544): coll. 23 Feb 2009; sublittoral; 103 m deep; Stn. HAB 11 / E 04; 4 specs. Paratypes 17 ̄ 22 (ZUEC POL 20551): coll. 0 5 Jul 2009; sublittoral; 99 m deep; Stn. HAB 16 / F 04; 6 specs. Paratypes 23 and 24 (ZUEC POL 20556): coll. 22 Feb 2009; sublittoral; 78 m deep; Stn. HAB 11 / C 03; 2 specs. Paratypes 25 and 26 (ZUEC POL 20566): coll. 16 Jul 2009; sublittoral; 53 m deep; Stn. HAB 17 / B 02; 2 specs. Paratypes 27 and 28 (ZUEC POL 20594): coll. 19 Jul 2009; sublittoral; 18 m deep; Stn. HAB 17 / FOZ 5; 2 specs. Paratype 29 (ZUEC POL 20595): coll. 23 Jul 2009; sublittoral; 20 m deep; Stn. HAB 17 / FOZ 2; 1 spec. Additional material examined. State of Rio de Janeiro — Exclusive Economic Zone. (ZUEC POL 6771): (23 ° 20 ' S, 41 ° 22 ' W); coll. 28 Feb 1998; sublittoral; 110 m deep; Stn. 6759; 1 spec. (ZUEC POL 6772): (23 ° 20 ' S, 41 ° 22 ' W); coll. 28 Feb 1998; sublittoral; 110 m deep; Stn. 6759; 1 spec. (ZUEC POL 6887): (23 ° 26 ' S, 41 ° 15 ' W); coll. 28 Feb 1998; sublittoral; 145 m deep; Stn. 6762; 1 spec. (ZUEC POL 6895): (23 ° 08 ' S, 41 ° 00 ' W); coll. 0 1 Mar 1998; sublittoral; 100 m deep; Stn. 6763; 1 spec. (ZUEC POL 6883): (23 ° 20 ' S, 41 ° 22 ' W); coll. 28 Feb 1998; sublittoral; 110 m deep; Stn. 6759; 2 specs. State of São Paulo — Exclusive Economic Zone. (ZUEC POL 6739): (25 ° 11 ' S, 47 ° 08 ' W); coll. 16 Feb 1997; sublittoral; 157 m deep; Stn. 6658; 5 specs. (ZUEC POL 6746): (24 ° 07 ' S, 44 ° 42 ' W); coll. 11 Jan 1998; sublittoral; 101 m deep; Stn. 6669; 1 spec. State of São Paulo, São Sebastião, Araçá Bay (23 ° 48 ' S, 45 ° 24 ' W). (ZUEC POL 20523): coll. 24 Nov 2011; soft-bottom; intertidal; Stn. 7 (3); 4 specs. (ZUEC POL 20524): coll. 26 Sep 2011; soft-bottom; intertidal; Stn. 4 (2) A; 8 specs. (ZUEC POL 20526): coll. 0 5 Feb 2011; soft-bottom; intertidal; Stn. 37 (2) A; 1 spec. (ZUEC POL 20527): coll. 0 5 Feb 2011; intertidal; Stn. 39 (2) A; 20 specs. (ZUEC POL 20529): coll. 0 5 Feb 2011; soft-bottom; intertidal; Stn. 38 (1) A; 11 specs. (ZUEC POL 20531): coll. 29 Oct 2011; soft-bottom; intertidal; Stn. 20 (2) A; 1 spec. State of São Paulo, São Sebastião, São Francisco Beach (23 ° 44 ' 54 " S, 45 ° 24 ' 34 " W). (ZUEC POL 20539): coll. 23 Jun 2013; sandy beach; intertidal; Stn. 45; 2 specs. State of Rio de Janeiro, Campos Basin — continental shelf. (ZUEC POL 20541): (22 ° 52 ' 1 '' S, 40 ° 57 ' 28 '' W); coll. 22 Feb 2009; sublittoral; 92 m deep; Stn. HAB 11 / C 04; 1 spec. (ZUEC POL 20542): (21 ° 42 ' 37 '' S, 40 ° 8 ' 59 '' W); coll. 0 7 Jul 2009; sublittoral; 147 m deep; Stn. HAB 16 / H 05; 6 specs. (ZUEC POL 20543): (21 ° 23 ' 2 '' S, 40 ° 15 ' 9 '' W); coll. 0 6 Mar 2009; sublittoral; 147 m deep; Stn. HAB 13 / I 05; 5 specs. (ZUEC POL 20545): (23 ° 12 ' 8 '' S, 40 ° 59 ' 35 '' W); coll. 0 2 Jul 2009; sublittoral; 142 m deep; Stn. HAB 16 / B 05; 1 spec. (ZUEC POL 20546): (21 ° 23 ' 37 '' S, 40 ° 15 ' 38 '' W); coll. 21 Jul 2009; sublittoral; 88 m deep; Stn. HAB 17 / I 03; 2 specs. (ZUEC POL 20547): (22 ° 17 ' 42 '' S, 40 ° 26 ' 59 '' W); coll. 0 4 Jul 2009; sublittoral; 103 m deep; Stn. HAB 16 / E 04; 5 specs. (ZUEC POL 20548): (21 ° 9 ' 10 '' S, 40 ° 16 ' 7 '' W); coll. 0 7 Mar 2009; sublittoral; 101 m deep; Stn. HAB 13 / I 04; 1 spec. (ZUEC POL 20549): (22 ° 3 ' 45 '' S, 40 ° 9 ' 59 '' W); coll. 25 Feb 2009; sublittoral; 75 m deep; Stn. HAB 11 / G 03; 2 specs. (ZUEC POL 20550): (21 ° 9 ' 9 '' S, 40 ° 16 ' 7 '' W); coll. 21 Jul 2009; sublittoral; 10 m deep; Stn. HAB 17 / I 04; 8 specs. (ZUEC POL 20552): (22 ° 12 ' 37 '' S, 40 ° 13 ' 18 '' W); coll. 24 Feb 2009; sublittoral; 99 m deep; Stn. HAB 11 / F 04; 7 specs. (ZUEC POL 20553): (21 ° 43 ' 10 '' S, 40 ° 11 ' 30 '' W); coll. 0 8 Jul 2009; sublittoral; 72 m deep; Stn. HAB 16 / H 03; 3 specs. (ZUEC POL 20554): (21 ° 42 ' 53 '' S, 40 ° 10 ' 16 '' W); coll. 0 9 Mar 2009; sublittoral; 98 m deep; Stn. HAB 13 / H 04; 1 spec. (ZUEC POL 20555): (22 ° 19 ' 31 '' S, 40 ° 37 ' 19 '' W); coll. 23 Feb 2009; sublittoral; 73 m deep; Stn. HAB 11 / D 03; 17 specs. (ZUEC POL 20557): (23 ° 10 ' 5 '' S, 41 ° 3 ' 6 '' W); coll. 0 2 Jul 2009; sublittoral; 107 m deep; Stn. HAB 16 / B 04; 2 specs. (ZUEC POL 20558): (22 ° 7 ' 43 '' S, 40 ° 18 ' 46 '' W); coll. 24 Feb 2009; sublittoral; 73 m deep; Stn. HAB 11 / F 03; 1 spec. (ZUEC POL 20559): (22 ° 12 ' 53 '' S, 40 ° 51 ' 12 '' W); coll. 26 Feb 2009; sublittoral; 52 m deep; Stn. HAB 11 / D 02; 1 spec. (ZUEC POL 20560): (21 ° 42 ' 37 '' S, 40 ° 8 ' 59 '' W); coll. 0 9 Mar 2009; sublittoral; 147 m deep; Stn. HAB 13 / H 05; 2 specs. (ZUEC POL 20561): (21 ° 22 ' 59 '' S, 40 ° 19 ' 41 '' W); coll. 0 5 Mar 2009; sublittoral; 52 m deep; Stn. HAB 13 / I 02; 2 specs. (ZUEC POL 20562): (22 ° 37 ' 35 '' S, 41 ° 21 ' 51 '' W); coll. 27 Feb 2009; sublittoral; 53 m deep; Stn. HAB 11 / B 02; 1 spec. (ZUEC POL 20563): (22 ° 19 ' 31 '' S, 40 ° 37 ' 19 '' W); coll. 0 4 Jul 2009; sublittoral; 73 m deep; Stn. HAB 16 / D 03; 12 specs. (ZUEC POL 20564): (21 ° 42 ' 53 '' S, 40 ° 10 ' 15 '' W); coll. 0 7 Jul 2009; sublittoral; 98 m deep; Stn. HAB 16 / H 04; 1 spec. (ZUEC POL 20565): (21 ° 22 ' 58 '' S, 40 ° 19 ' 41 '' W); coll. 21 Jul 2009; sublittoral; 53 m deep; Stn. HAB 17 / I 02; 1 spec. (ZUEC POL 20567): (22 ° 59 ' 47 '' S, 41 ° 21 ' 7 '' W); coll. 21 Feb 2009; sublittoral; 77 m deep; Stn. HAB 11 / B 03; 1 spec. (ZUEC POL 20568): (22 ° 57 ' 28 '' S, 40 ° 50 ' 30 '' W); coll. 0 3 Jul 2009; sublittoral; 143 m deep; Stn. HAB 16 / C 05; 1 spec. (ZUEC POL 20569): (22 ° 3 ' 45 '' S, 40 ° 9 ' 58 '' W); coll. 0 6 Jul 2009; sublittoral; 75 m deep; Stn. HAB 16 / G 03; 1 spec. State of Rio de Janeiro, Campos Basin — Paraíba do Sul River. (ZUEC POL 20592): (22 ° 12 ' 31 '' S, 40 ° 14 ' 8 '' W); coll. 24 Jul 2009; sublittoral; 97 m deep; Stn. HAB 17 / FOZ 43; 3 specs. (ZUEC POL 20593): (22 ° 1 ' 10 '' S, 40 ° 31 ' 53 '' W); coll. 12 Mar 2009; sublittoral; 49 m deep; Stn. HAB 13 / FOZ 23; 2 specs. (ZUEC POL 20597): (21 ° 17 ' 31 '' S, 40 ° 48 ' 21 '' W); coll. 0 8 Mar 2009; sublittoral; 24 m deep; Stn. HAB 13 / FOZ 14; 1 spec. (ZUEC POL 20598): (22 ° 1 ' 9 '' S, 40 ° 31 ' 55 '' W); coll. 24 Jul 2009; sublittoral; 49 m deep; Stn. HAB 17 / FOZ 23; 2 specs. (ZUEC POL 20599): (21 ° 45 ' 13 '' S, 40 ° 14 ' 7 '' W); coll. 24 Jul 2009; sublittoral; 67 m deep; Stn. HAB 17 / FOZ 41; 5 specs. State of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo Basin (18 ° 40 ' 55,3 '' S, 38 ° 55 ' 41,48 " W). (ZUEC POL 20525): coll. 19 Dec 2010; sublittoral; 29 m deep; Stn. AMB 1 / FOZ 7; 4 specs. (ZUEC POL 20528): coll. 18 Jul 2011; sublittoral; 46 m deep; Stn. AMB 2 / FOZ 11 2 specs. (ZUEC POL 20532): coll. 18 Jul 2011; sublittoral; 28 m deep; Stn. AMB 2 / FOZ 7; 11 specs. (ZUEC POL 20533): coll. 18 Jul 2011; sublittoral; 49 m deep; Stn. AMB 2 / FOZ 16; 6 specs. (ZUEC POL 20534): coll. 18 Jul 2011; sublittoral; 46 m deep; Stn. AMB 2 / FOZ 18; 1 spec. (ZUEC POL 20535): coll. 19 Dec 2010; sublittoral; 46 m deep; Stn. AMB 1 / FOZ 17; 1 spec. (ZUEC POL 20742): coll. 17 Jul 2013; sublittoral; 28 m deep; Stn. AMB 13 / G 02; 3 specs. (ZUEC POL 20743): coll. 0 2 Feb 2012; sublittoral; 45 m deep; Stn. AMB 7 / B 03; 10 specs. (ZUEC POL 20744): coll. 0 2 Feb 2012; sublittoral; 134 m deep; Stn. AMB 7 / E 04; 9 specs. (ZUEC POL 20745): coll. 0 2 Feb 2012; sublittoral; 121 m deep; Stn. AMB 6 / D 04; 2 specs. (ZUEC POL 20746): coll. 0 2 Dec 2011; sublittoral; 43 m deep; Stn. AMB 7 / F 03; 9 specs. (ZUEC POL 20747): coll. 0 2 Dec 2011; sublittoral; 35 m deep; Stn. AMB 7 / C 02; 10 specs. (ZUEC POL 20748): coll. 17 Jul 2013; sublittoral; 156 m deep; Stn. AMB 14 / B 04; 1 spec. (ZUEC POL 20749): coll. 0 2 Feb 2012; sublittoral; 121 m deep; Stn. AMB 7 / F 04; 2 specs. (ZUEC POL 20750): coll. 17 Jul 2013; sublittoral; 163 m deep; Stn. AMB 12 / CAND 04; 2 specs. (ZUEC POL 20751): coll. 0 2 Feb 2012; sublittoral; 36 m deep; Stn. AMB 7 / A 02; 3 specs. State of Paraíba, Cabo Branco Beach (7 ° 08 ' S, 34 ° 47 ' W). (ZUEC POL 20536): coll. 0 1 Feb 2010; in rhodoliths; intertidal; 1 spec. (ZUEC POL 20538): coll. 0 8 Feb 2009; in rhodoliths; intertidal; 1 spec. State of Paraíba, Jacumã Beach (7 ° 14 ' S, 34 ° 47 ' W). (ZUEC POL 20537): coll. 29 Jan 2010; in rhodoliths; intertidal; 1 spec.	en	Silva, Camila Fernanda Da, Amaral, Antonia Cecilia Zacagnini (2019): Scyphoproctus Gravier, 1904 (Annelida, Capitellidae): description of three new species and relocation of Heteromastides Augener, 1914 in Scyphoproctus. Zootaxa 4560 (1): 95-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.1.5
6E3187A3FFDE3D386DA4FA86FA774C90.taxon	description	Description. Complete holotype 20 mm long, 0.8 mm wide for 60 chaetigers. Complete specimens ranged from 2.5 – 22 mm long, 0.2 – 0.8 mm wide for 15 – 60 chaetigers; incomplete specimens ranged from 0.2 – 1.5 mm wide. Body rounded in cross-section; thorax almost same width as abdomen (Figs 8 A; 9 A ̄ B; 10 A); abdomen same width toward pygidium. Whitish color in alcohol. Prostomium robust, wider than long basally, rounded anteriorly (Figs 8 A; 9 A, H); nuchal organs not observed; eyespots as a pair of oblique pigmented areas (Fig. 9 A). Proboscis globular-shaped, finely papillated. Peristomium longer than following thoracic segments (Figs 8 A; 9 A ̄ B). Incomplete inter-segmental groove between peristomium and achaetous segment (Figs 8 A; 9 A, H). Thorax with 15 segments, including the peristomium, one additional achaetous segment, and 13 chaetigers. Bilimbate capillaries in noto- and neuropodia of chaetigers 1 – 13; last chaetiger with hooded hooks on one side of segment. Thorax smooth; chaetigers strongly biannulate and rectangular (Figs 8 A; 9 A; 10 A); moderate depth of inter-segmental grooves between chaetigers. First chaetiger biramous. Noto- and neuropodial lobes well separated; notopodia inserted dorsally and neuropodia ventrally. Lateral organs present from the achaetous segment, more conspicuous on larger specimens. Transition between thorax and abdomen subtle, marked mainly by chaetal change (Figs 8 A; 10 A). Abdominal chaetigers without capillaries. Abdominal notopodia and neuropodia with poorly developed tori pads; first 1 – 3 chaetigers (size dependent) with notopodial lobes almost joined dorsally (Fig. 8 A – B), following chaetigers with lobes well separated throughout abdomen (Figs 8 C; 9 C); neuropodial lobes separated, with nearly same distance throughout the abdomen (Figs 8 B – C; 9 D). First abdominal notopodia with 18 hooks per fascicle, decreasing in number toward posterior end; first abdominal neuropodia with 12 hooks per fascicle, maintaining the number of hooks to middle of abdomen. Anterior notopodial hooks (with SEM) with long and rounded main fang, right angle with shaft, surmounted by approximately 16 teeth arranged in four rows (3 – 4 – 5 – 4); thick hood with smooth margin, “ U ” - shaped aperture (Fig. 10 B). Posterior notopodial hooks (with SEM) with long and pointed main fang, right angle with shaft, surmounted by more than 30 teeth arranged in six rows (intercalated pattern among teeth of tori); thin hood with smooth margin, “ V ” - shaped aperture (narrow at the top and broad basally) (Fig. 10 E). Anterior neuropodial hooks (first two abdominal chaetigers) (with SEM) with long and pointed main fang, right angle with shaft, surmounted by approximately 20 teeth arranged in four rows; thick hood with smooth margin, “ U ” - shaped aperture (Fig. 10 F). Posterior neuropodial hooks (from third abdominal chaetiger) (with SEM) with large and robust main fang, right angle with shaft, surmounted by approximately 40 teeth arranged in six rows; large thin hood with robust fringed margin, “ U ” - shaped aperture (Fig. 10 G). Seven pre-pygidial segments with neuropodial hooks and notopodial spines; 3,3,4,5,5,6,6 spines per notopodial lobe, greater number toward plaque; dorsal edges of pre-pygidial segment rounded. Anal plaque welldeveloped formed by three fused chaetigers; square-shaped, with flat and elevated borders; plaque with sets of acicular spines in horizontal rows protruding midway on each side, not reaching plaque margin (5,5,3 each side). Small anus near inferior margin, on base of membrane; two median and thin cirri (two-thirds of plaque length), 9 x longer than wide; median membrane triangular, posterior border (where cirri emerge) 1.2 x wider than anterior margin (near anus) (Figs 8 D; 9 F ̄ G; 10 C ̄ D). Variation. Paratypes with 12 – 15 segments, including the peristomium, one additional achaetous segment, and 10 – 13 chaetigers. Adult specimens with bilimbate capillaries in noto- and neuropodia of chaetigers 1 – 10 / 13. Number of hooks of the first abdominal lobe size dependent, notopodium ranging from 3 to 42 hooks and neuropodium from 3 to 36 hooks. Methyl green staining pattern. Prostomium staining darkly (Fig. 9 H). Dorsal region of peristomium, achaetous segment and chaetiger 1 with a large continuous dark patch (Fig. 9 H). Thoracic chaetigers staining uniformly green (Fig. 9 B). In the abdominal region, first 2 – 3 chaetigers staining entirely; the next few chaetigers staining dorsally with a dark band around the tori pads; afterwards staining is restricted to parapodial tori, but more intense on notopodia (Fig. 9 B, E, I). Small dark speckles stained around abdominal lateral organs (Fig. 9 E).	en	Silva, Camila Fernanda Da, Amaral, Antonia Cecilia Zacagnini (2019): Scyphoproctus Gravier, 1904 (Annelida, Capitellidae): description of three new species and relocation of Heteromastides Augener, 1914 in Scyphoproctus. Zootaxa 4560 (1): 95-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.1.5
6E3187A3FFDE3D386DA4FA86FA774C90.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Scyphoproctus profundus sp. nov. belongs to a group of species with set of acicular spines in horizontal rows protruding midway on each side of the plaque, not reaching the plaque margin, which includes S. aciculatus, S. pseudoarmatus, S. pullielloides, S. somalus, S. steinitzii and S. towraiensis. Scyphoproctus aciculatus, S. pullielloides, S. somalus and S. steinitzii differ from Scyphoproctus profundus sp. nov. by the number of pre-pygidial segments, which is three in S. aciculatus, S. pullielloides and S. steinitzii; two in S. somalus; and five in Scyphoproctus profundus sp. nov. Scyphoproctus aciculatus and S. steinitzii are also different from this new species by the absence of a median membrane separating the cirri and number of rows of spines on the plaque. There are two to three spine rows in Scyphoproctus profundus sp. nov., two in S. aciculatus, and four in S. steinitzii.	en	Silva, Camila Fernanda Da, Amaral, Antonia Cecilia Zacagnini (2019): Scyphoproctus Gravier, 1904 (Annelida, Capitellidae): description of three new species and relocation of Heteromastides Augener, 1914 in Scyphoproctus. Zootaxa 4560 (1): 95-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.1.5
6E3187A3FFDE3D386DA4FA86FA774C90.taxon	description	Scyphoproctus profundus sp. nov. and S. towraiensis have five pre-pygidial segments, however S. towraiensis has up to 13 acicular spines on each side of pre-pygidial segments whereas S. profundus sp. nov. has up to seven; additionally, dorsal edges of pre-pygidial segments in S. towraiensis are triangular with a pointed tip, and dorsal edges of pre-pygidial segments in S. profundus sp. nov. are rounded. Both species are also similar in having four types of hooded hooks along the abdomen; besides the equal number of types of hooded hooks, they vary between both species in type and position on noto- and neuropodia.	en	Silva, Camila Fernanda Da, Amaral, Antonia Cecilia Zacagnini (2019): Scyphoproctus Gravier, 1904 (Annelida, Capitellidae): description of three new species and relocation of Heteromastides Augener, 1914 in Scyphoproctus. Zootaxa 4560 (1): 95-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.1.5
6E3187A3FFDE3D386DA4FA86FA774C90.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Latin word that means “ deep ”. This species was named after its depth of occurrence, since it is the one recorded in greater depth among the 17 described species. Habitat. From intertidal to sublittoral regions (0 – 163 m); in soft-bottom and rhodoliths.	en	Silva, Camila Fernanda Da, Amaral, Antonia Cecilia Zacagnini (2019): Scyphoproctus Gravier, 1904 (Annelida, Capitellidae): description of three new species and relocation of Heteromastides Augener, 1914 in Scyphoproctus. Zootaxa 4560 (1): 95-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.1.5
6E3187A3FFDE3D386DA4FA86FA774C90.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 22 ° 1 ' 9 '' S, 40 ° 31 ' 55 '' W (South Atlantic Ocean).	en	Silva, Camila Fernanda Da, Amaral, Antonia Cecilia Zacagnini (2019): Scyphoproctus Gravier, 1904 (Annelida, Capitellidae): description of three new species and relocation of Heteromastides Augener, 1914 in Scyphoproctus. Zootaxa 4560 (1): 95-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.1.5
6E3187A3FFDE3D386DA4FA86FA774C90.taxon	distribution	Distribution. South Atlantic Ocean: Brazil (states of Espírito Santo, Paraíba, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo).	en	Silva, Camila Fernanda Da, Amaral, Antonia Cecilia Zacagnini (2019): Scyphoproctus Gravier, 1904 (Annelida, Capitellidae): description of three new species and relocation of Heteromastides Augener, 1914 in Scyphoproctus. Zootaxa 4560 (1): 95-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.1.5
6E3187A3FFC03D3D6DA4FF47FB264BCF.taxon	description	(Figures 11 ̄ 13)	en	Silva, Camila Fernanda Da, Amaral, Antonia Cecilia Zacagnini (2019): Scyphoproctus Gravier, 1904 (Annelida, Capitellidae): description of three new species and relocation of Heteromastides Augener, 1914 in Scyphoproctus. Zootaxa 4560 (1): 95-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.1.5
6E3187A3FFC03D3D6DA4FF47FB264BCF.taxon	materials_examined	Type series. Holotype (ZUEC POL 20522): state of São Paulo, São Sebastião, São Sebastião Channel (23 ° 44 ' 54 " S, 45 ° 24 ' 34 " W): coll. 0 4 Oct 1995; soft-bottom; intertidal; Stn. 445 A; 1 spec. Paratypes: state of São Paulo, São Sebastião, São Francisco Beach (23 ° 44 ' 54 " S, 45 ° 24 ' 34 " W): paratypes 1 ̄ 3 (ZUEC POL 20510): coll. 26 Jun 2013; sandy beach; intertidal; Stn. 45; 3 specs. Paratypes 4 ̄ 10 (ZUEC POL 20513): coll. 23 Jun 2013; sandy beach; intertidal; Stn. 47; 7 specs. State of São Paulo, São Sebastião, Araçá Bay (23 ° 48 ' S, 45 ° 24 ' W): paratype 11 (ZUEC POL 20506): coll. 15 Jun 2011; soft-bottom; intertidal; Stn. 22 (1) A; 1 spec. State of Paraíba, Cabo Branco Beach (7 ° 08 ' S, 34 ° 47 ' W): paratypes 12 and 13 (ZUEC POL 20519): coll. 0 1 Feb 2010; in rhodoliths; intertidal; 2 specs. Additional material examined. State of São Paulo, São Sebastião, Engenho D’Água Beach (23 ° 47 ' 49 " S, 45 ° 21 ' 56 " W). (ZUEC POL 1779): coll. 25 Nov 1996; soft-bottom; intertidal; Stn. 2807 B; 1 spec. (ZUEC POL 1854): coll. 20 May 1996; soft-bottom; intertidal; Stn. 1883 B; 1 spec. (ZUEC POL 1855): coll. 20 May 1996; softbottom; intertidal; Stn. 1881 A; 2 specs. (ZUEC POL 1935): coll. 0 8 Apr 1997; soft-bottom; intertidal; Stn. 3199 B; 2 specs. (ZUEC POL 1936): coll. 0 8 Apr 1996; soft-bottom; intertidal; Stn. 3196 A; 6 specs. (ZUEC POL 1954): coll. 0 2 Jul 1996; soft-bottom; intertidal; Stn. 3199 B; 1 spec. State of São Paulo, São Sebastião, São Francisco Beach (23 ° 44 ' 54 " S, 45 ° 24 ' 34 " W). (ZUEC POL 20511): coll. 26 Jun 2013; sandy beach; intertidal; Stn. 72; 1 spec. (ZUEC POL 20512): coll. 26 Jun 2013; sandy beach; intertidal; Stn. 71; 9 specs. (ZUEC POL 20514): coll. 11 Apr 2013; sandy beach; intertidal; Stn. 20 P; 15 specs. (ZUEC POL 20515): coll. 11 Apr 2013; Stn. 5 G; 2 specs. (ZUEC POL 20516): coll. 26 Jun 2013; sandy beach; intertidal; Stn. 43; 7 specs. (ZUEC POL 20521): coll. 0 4 Dec 1995; sandy beach; intertidal; Stn. 445 A; 3 specs. State of São Paulo, São Sebastião, Araçá Bay (23 ° 48 ' S, 45 ° 24 ' W). (ZUEC POL 20504): coll. 14 Jun 2011; soft-bottom; intertidal; Stn. 10 (3) B; 1 spec. (ZUEC POL 20505): coll. 10 Oct 2013; shallow sublittoral; 8.6 m deep; Stn. 29 (1) Mc; 1 spec. State of São Paulo, Caraguatatuba, Camaroeiro Beach (23 ° 37 ' 38 " S, 45 ° 23 ' 50 " W). (ZUEC POL 20520): coll. 25 May 2006; in mussel bed; intertidal; Stn. 16 A; 1 spec. State of São Paulo, Caraguatatuba, Enseada Beach (23 ° 43 ' 40 " S, 45 ° 25 ' 10 " W). (ZUEC POL 20517): coll. 11 Apr 2013; soft-bottom; intertidal; Stn. 47 P; 6 specs. State of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo Basin — continental shelf. (ZUEC POL 20507): (18 ° 40 ' 55,3 '' S, 38 ° 55 ' 41,48 " W); coll. 17 Jan 2012; sublittoral; 44 m deep; Stn. AMB 7 / G 03; 2 specs. (ZUEC POL 20508): (21 ° 2 ' 45,81 '' S, 40 ° 32 ' 29,21 " W); coll. 22 Jan 2012; sublittoral; 20 m deep; Stn. AMB 7 / A 01; 1 spec. (ZUEC POL 20509): (18 ° 40 ' 55,3 '' S, 38 ° 55 ' 41,48 " W); coll. 0 2 Dec 2011; sublittoral; 34 m deep; Stn. AMB 7 / E 02; 1 spec. State of Paraíba, Cabo Branco Beach (7 ° 08 ' S, 34 ° 47 ' W). (ZUEC POL 20518): coll. 0 8 Feb 2009; in rhodoliths; intertidal; 5 specs.	en	Silva, Camila Fernanda Da, Amaral, Antonia Cecilia Zacagnini (2019): Scyphoproctus Gravier, 1904 (Annelida, Capitellidae): description of three new species and relocation of Heteromastides Augener, 1914 in Scyphoproctus. Zootaxa 4560 (1): 95-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.1.5
6E3187A3FFC03D3D6DA4FF47FB264BCF.taxon	description	Description. Complete holotype 9.5 mm long, 0.8 mm wide for 53 chaetigers. Incomplete specimens 0.30 – 1.5 mm wide for 32 – 66 chaetigers. Body robust; similar width between thorax and abdomen; slightly narrowing toward pygidium. Whitish color in alcohol. Prostomium robust, 2 x longer than wide, rounded on anterior end, usually withdrawn into peristomium (Figs 11 A; 12 A; 13 A); nuchal organs not observed; eyespots as a pair of oval postero-lateral densely pigmented areas. Proboscis globular-shaped, with several large papillae (Figs 11 B; 12 C). Peristomium 1.5 x longer than thoracic segments (Figs 11 A; 12 A; 13 A). Complete inter-segmental groove between peristomium and achaetous segment (Figs 11 A; 12 A). Peristomium and achaetous segment weakly rugose (Fig. 11 A). Thorax with 12 segments, including peristomium, one additional achaetous segment and 10 chaetigers (Figs 11 A; 12 A; 13 A). Bilimbate capillaries in notopodia and neuropodia of chaetigers 1 – 10. Thorax with chaetigers distinctly biannulate, more evident after chaetigers 5 – 6 (Figs 12 A; 13 A); moderate depth of inter-segmental grooves between chaetigers. First chaetiger biramous. Notopodial lobes inserted dorso-laterally and neuropodial lobes laterally. Lateral organs present since the achaetous segment and throughout thorax, between noto- and neuropodia, closer to notopodia (Figs 11 A; 12 D; 13 A). Transition between thorax and abdomen inconspicuous, marked only by change of chaetae and methyl green staining pattern (Figs 11 A; 12 A ̄ B). Abdominal chaetigers without capillaries. Abdominal noto- and neuropodia with moderately developed tori pads separated by same distance throughout (Fig. 12 E, H). First notopodial chaetigers with 9 hooks per fascicle, reducing in number toward posterior end; first neuropodial chaetigers with 15 hooks per fascicle, increasing in number toward mid-abdomen, and then reducing in number toward posterior end. Notopodial hooks (with SEM) with a narrow main fang, finger-shaped, right angle with shaft, surmounted by 12 teeth arranged in four rows (3 – 3 – 3 – 3); large, thin and smooth hood (Fig. 13 B). Neuropodial hooks (with SEM) with a large and robust main fang, triangular, right angle with shaft, surmounted by 22 teeth arranged in three rows (4 – 6 – 12); large and thin hood with a serrate margin (Fig. 13 C). Modified pre-pygidial segments absent, all preceding segments with noto- and neuropodial hooks. Anal plaque flat, oval shaped, nine sets of acicular spines protruding from plaque margin (8,5,3,3,2,2,2,2,1, each side); small anus near the inferior margin, not reaching plaque margin; two short thin fused cirri (one-third plaque length), without median membrane (Figs 11 C ̄ D; 12 F ̄ G). Variation. Paratypes with 12 – 14 segments, including the peristomium, one additional achaetous segment and 10 – 12 chaetigers. Adult specimens with bilimbate capillaries in noto- and neuropodia of chaetigers 1 – 10 / 12. Number of hooks of the first abdominal lobe size dependent, notopodium ranging from 3 to 20 and neuropodium from 6 to 20 hooks. set of Acicular spines from the plaque margin size dependent, smaller specimens with 3,3,2,2,1,1,1,1,1 spines each side. Methyl green staining pattern. Thoracic segments staining uniformly darker than the abdomen; final thoracic chaetigers with a fine dark band on the inter- and intra-segmental grooves; abdominal chaetigers staining uniformly light green (Fig. 12 B).	en	Silva, Camila Fernanda Da, Amaral, Antonia Cecilia Zacagnini (2019): Scyphoproctus Gravier, 1904 (Annelida, Capitellidae): description of three new species and relocation of Heteromastides Augener, 1914 in Scyphoproctus. Zootaxa 4560 (1): 95-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.1.5
6E3187A3FFC03D3D6DA4FF47FB264BCF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Scyphoproctus robustus sp. nov. belongs to a group of species with the set of acicular spines positioned marginally on the plaque, either protruding from the edge or embedded, which includes Scyphoproctus djiboutiensis, S. fasciculatus, S. glabrus, S. guadalupensis, S. lumenalis, S. oculatus, S. ornatus, S. platyproctus and S. variabilis. Scyphoproctus glabrus and S. guadalupensis are different from S. robustus sp. nov. in having two pre-pygidial segments with notopodia bearing acicular spines, while Scyphoproctus robustus sp. nov. has hooded hooks on both noto- and neuropodia, therefore lacking modified pre-pygidial segments. The differences between Scyphoproctus robustus sp. nov. and S. glabrus are also related to the number of sets of acicular spines of the anal plaque, which is nine in the former and fourteen in the latter, and the features of the abdominal hooded hooks. Scyphoproctus glabrus has similar noto- and neuropodial hooded hooks, with 10 – 15 teeth above main fang arranged in three rows, while Scyphoproctus robustus sp. nov. has notopodial hooded hooks with 12 teeth arranged in four rows and neuropodial hooded hooks with 22 teeth arranged in three rows.	en	Silva, Camila Fernanda Da, Amaral, Antonia Cecilia Zacagnini (2019): Scyphoproctus Gravier, 1904 (Annelida, Capitellidae): description of three new species and relocation of Heteromastides Augener, 1914 in Scyphoproctus. Zootaxa 4560 (1): 95-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.1.5
6E3187A3FFC03D3D6DA4FF47FB264BCF.taxon	description	Scyphoproctus fasciculatus and S. ornatus differ from Scyphoproctus robustus sp. nov. by the number of sets of acicular spines of the anal plaque, number of acicular spines, length of anus and features of the cirri. Scyphoproctus fasciculatus presents an anal plaque with three sets of acicular spines with two spines each, anus with moderate length and cirri longer than the plaque with a median membrane. Scyphoproctus ornatus presents an anal plaque with 10 sets of acicular spines with several spines each (16,11,6,4,3,4,3,1,1,1) and large anus. Scyphoproctus oculatus, S. platyproctus and S. variabilis differ from Scyphoproctus robustus sp. nov. by the presence of pre-pygidial segments with acicular spines, different from the latter species, which has none. Scyphoproctus oculatus has 2 – 6, S. platyproctus has 4 – 7 and S. variabilis has two. Although S. lumenalis also lacks pre-pygidial segments with acicular spines, it differs from Scyphoproctus robustus sp. nov. because the spines of the plaque are embedded and by the presence of two long cirri (longer than plaque length) with a median membrane, in contrast to Scyphoproctus robustus sp. nov., which has protruding spines, and short cirri without a median membrane. Although Scyphoproctus djiboutiensis also has a thoracic region with 14 segments (12 chaetigers) and short cirri without a median membrane, the species differs from Scyphoproctus robustus sp. nov. by the number of sets of acicular spines, which is 11, lack of eyespots, proboscis without papillae, smooth thorax, absence of lateral organs and similar noto- and neuropodial hooded hooks.	en	Silva, Camila Fernanda Da, Amaral, Antonia Cecilia Zacagnini (2019): Scyphoproctus Gravier, 1904 (Annelida, Capitellidae): description of three new species and relocation of Heteromastides Augener, 1914 in Scyphoproctus. Zootaxa 4560 (1): 95-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.1.5
6E3187A3FFC03D3D6DA4FF47FB264BCF.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Latin word that means “ strong ”. This species was named after its width, since it is one of the largest species of the genus. Habitat. From intertidal to sublittoral regions (0 – 44 m); in soft-bottom, mussel beds and rhodoliths.	en	Silva, Camila Fernanda Da, Amaral, Antonia Cecilia Zacagnini (2019): Scyphoproctus Gravier, 1904 (Annelida, Capitellidae): description of three new species and relocation of Heteromastides Augener, 1914 in Scyphoproctus. Zootaxa 4560 (1): 95-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.1.5
6E3187A3FFC03D3D6DA4FF47FB264BCF.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. São Francisco Beach, São Paulo, Brazil, 23 ° 44 ' 54 " S, 45 ° 24 ' 34 " W (South Atlantic Ocean). Distribution. South Atlantic Ocean: Brazil (states of Espírito Santo, Paraíba and São Paulo).	en	Silva, Camila Fernanda Da, Amaral, Antonia Cecilia Zacagnini (2019): Scyphoproctus Gravier, 1904 (Annelida, Capitellidae): description of three new species and relocation of Heteromastides Augener, 1914 in Scyphoproctus. Zootaxa 4560 (1): 95-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.1.5
6E3187A3FFC43D3D6DA4FE9CFE1A4F04.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Heteromastides platyproctus Pillai, 1961, holotype BMNH 1960.3.13.22 — (8 ° 31 ' 12 '' N, 81 ° 9 ' 36 '' E): 2 – 7 m deep, coll. 1959, Tambalagam Lake, Sri Lanka, Indian Ocean, 1 spec.	en	Silva, Camila Fernanda Da, Amaral, Antonia Cecilia Zacagnini (2019): Scyphoproctus Gravier, 1904 (Annelida, Capitellidae): description of three new species and relocation of Heteromastides Augener, 1914 in Scyphoproctus. Zootaxa 4560 (1): 95-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.1.5
6E3187A3FFC43D3D6DA4FE9CFE1A4F04.taxon	discussion	Remarks. According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1999), identical species-group names established for different nominal taxa and subsequently brought together in combination with the same generic name are secondary homonyms and the junior is invalid. The junior homonym must be rejected and replaced either by an available and potentially valid synonym or, for lack of such a name, by a new substitute name (“ nomen novum ” or “ new replacement name ”), with its own author and date (Art. 60.3). So, after we relocated the genus Heteromastides in Scyphoproctus, we had to rename Heteromastides platyproctus Pillai, 1961 because it was a junior homonym. We chose Scyphoproctus telesphorei after the previous species author, Telesphore Gottfried Pillai. The original description is very good, except the author did not notice the achaetous segment of the specimen; by the way, the author described the anal plaque, but put this species into another genus. Scyphoproctus telesphorei n. nov. belongs to a group of species with the set of acicular spines positioned marginally on the plaque, either protruding from the edge or embedded. The species presents a rounded prostomium without palpode; eyespot as a pair of elliptical-shaped areas on each side; complete inter-segmental groove between peristomium and achaetous segment; thorax with 13 segments, including peristomium, one additional achaetous segment and 11 chaetigers; one pre-pygidial segments with neuropodial hooks and notopodial spines; a well-developed anal plaque formed by the fusion of 10 chaetigers with 10 sets of acicular spines positioned marginally on the plaque, protruding from the edge, and two short anal cirri.	en	Silva, Camila Fernanda Da, Amaral, Antonia Cecilia Zacagnini (2019): Scyphoproctus Gravier, 1904 (Annelida, Capitellidae): description of three new species and relocation of Heteromastides Augener, 1914 in Scyphoproctus. Zootaxa 4560 (1): 95-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.1.5
