taxonID	type	description	language	source
876B44E8E3B35DB6AE2A3FB21293B6F1.taxon	description	Figs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, Table 1, Suppl. material 1: F – G	en	Vanegas-Ríos, James Anyelo, Urbano-Bonilla, Alexander, Sánchez-Garcés, Gian Carlo (2024): A new species of Chrysobrycon Weitzman & Menezes, 1998 (Characiformes, Characidae, Stevardiinae) with remarkable sexually dimorphic pigmentation from the upper Río Vaupés basin, Colombian Amazon, with taxonomic key. Zoosystematics and Evolution 100 (2): 675-689, DOI: 10.3897/zse.100.121499
876B44E8E3B35DB6AE2A3FB21293B6F1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Chrysobrycon calamar differs from its congeners by the following combined characters: a distinctive dark vertical blotch placed laterally on the abdominal flanks in adult males, just immediately dorsal to the urogenital region (vs. this pigmentation weak, diffuse, poorly developed, or if well-defined, more developed longitudinally than vertically, never forming a distinctive vertical blotch); a well-developed vertically humeral blotch in adult males (almost rectangular-shaped, see additional details in sexual dimorphism section vs. scarcely expanded vertically, somewhat irregular, or circular-shaped mark); the possession of numerous (two to 12) tiny bony hooks on nearly all the upper lobe caudal-fin rays in adult males (vs. hooks confined to the lower lobe caudal-fin rays, except in C. guahibo, C. hesperus, and C. mojicai, with hooks arranged in a set of one to three hooks on a single ray), the number of vertebrae (43 vs. 38 – 42); the posterior portion of the maxilla not reaching the vertical through the anterior border of the eye when the mouth is closed, except from C. yoliae (vs. this portion reaching or surpassing the vertical through the anterior border of eye); an elongated maxillary anterior process, representing proportionally 40 % or more of the total length of the bone (vs. with a shorter maxillary anterior process, representing less than 40 % of its length); and the presence of bony hooks in adult males on nearly all the branched anal-fin rays, except C. hesperus (vs. bony hooks restricted up to the anterior half of fin or not extending to the posteriormost rays). The presence of a simple terminal lateral-line tube between the caudal-fin rays 11 and 12 (v. tube absent) distinguishes C. calamar from C. hesperus and C. myersi. Additionally, C. calamar is also distinguished from C. myersi by the number of circumpeduncular scales (13 – 14 vs. 17 – 19), distance between dorsal- and adipose-fin origins (20.4 – 24.4 % SL vs. 28.2 – 33.5 % SL), dorsal-fin to caudal-fin base (33.0 – 39.6 % SL vs. 40.1 – 47.4 % SL), eye to dorsal-fin origin (51.9 – 57.2 % SL vs. 45.8 – 49.2 % SL), and upper jaw length (38.1 – 45.5 % HL vs. 48.9 – 54.9 % HL), and from C. hesperus by the maximum number of cusps on the maxillary teeth (tricuspid vs. pentacuspid) and number of supraneurals (11 vs. 12 – 14). The number of dentary teeth differentiates C. calamar from C. mojicai and C. yoliae (13 – 17 vs. 20 – 27). Furthermore, C. calamar is also distinguished from C. mojicai by the number of radii on the lateral-line scales (5 – 9 vs. 11 – 18), number of maxillary teeth (2 – 4 vs. 9 – 17), and shape of the distal tips of most maxillary teeth (straight along their lengths vs. lateroventrally curved), and from C. yoliae by the body depth at dorsal-fin origin (27.5 – 33.5 % SL vs. 34.4 – 42.2 % SL), and distance between dorsal- and adipose-fin origins (20.4 – 24.4 % SL vs. 26.8 – 28.8 % SL).	en	Vanegas-Ríos, James Anyelo, Urbano-Bonilla, Alexander, Sánchez-Garcés, Gian Carlo (2024): A new species of Chrysobrycon Weitzman & Menezes, 1998 (Characiformes, Characidae, Stevardiinae) with remarkable sexually dimorphic pigmentation from the upper Río Vaupés basin, Colombian Amazon, with taxonomic key. Zoosystematics and Evolution 100 (2): 675-689, DOI: 10.3897/zse.100.121499
876B44E8E3B35DB6AE2A3FB21293B6F1.taxon	description	Description. Morphometric data in Table 1. Largest male 41.2 mm SL, largest female 35.8 mm SL. Body laterally compressed, maximum depth at vertical through area immediately anterior to anal-fin origins (Fig. 1). Dorsal profile of body: straight from tip of premaxilla to posterior region of head; slightly convex from posterior end of supraoccipital area to dorsal-fin origin; straight and slanting ventrally from first dorsal-fin ray to caudal peduncle. Dorsal profile of caudal peduncle straight. Ventral profile of body convex from tip of snout to pelvic-fin origin, slightly convex between pelvic- and anal-fin origins, straight and slanting dorsally from this point to caudal peduncle. Belly with like keel-shaped area between pelvic-fin origin and urogenital pore, consisting of one row of four to six scales forming sharp edge. Ventral profile of caudal peduncle straight. Head with anterior region acute. Frontal fontanel absent. Epiphyseal branch of supraorbital canal absent. Anterior nostril round, separated by skin fold from posterior nostril; posterior nostril opening considerably larger than anterior one. Two well-developed pit organs along grooves in head; anterior groove round, between nasal bone and nostril; posterior groove larger, extended along entire frontal, and covered with rows of neuromasts. Mouth superior, lower jaw projecting slightly anterior to upper jaw. Premaxillary teeth arranged in two rows (Fig. 2). Outer row with four (5), five (22), or six * (3) tricuspid teeth. Inner row with four (1) or five * (29) teeth; symphyseal tooth tetracuspid; contiguous teeth pentacuspid; and posteriormost tooth conical to pentacuspid. Maxilla not fully toothed, with two (1), three * (23), or four (6) teeth tricuspid, sometimes conical. Maxillary teeth straight along their lengths, not distally curved lateroventrally. Maxilla short, with elongated anterior process, and extending on point at vertical between nostrils and anterior margin of orbit, but never reaching anterior margin of eye when mouth closed and body horizontally straight. Dentary moderately toothed, with 13 (3), 14 (12), 15 * (6), 16 (5), or 17 (4) teeth; three anteriormost teeth large, pentacuspid (rarely tetracuspid); one median-sized tooth tri to pentacuspid, followed by 9 (3), 10 (12), 11 * (6), 12 (5), or 13 (4) smaller conical or biscupid posterior teeth (Fig. 2). Dorsal-fin rays ii (30), 8 * (28), or 9 (2). Nine proximal dorsal-fin pterygiophores (2 c & s). Dorsal-fin origin at vertical between anal-fin rays 10 and 13. Adipose-fin origin at vertical crossing the second scale posterior to anal-fin termination. Anal-fin rays iv (6) or v * (24), 24 (1), 25 (1), 26 (8), 27 * (6), 28 (8), or 29 (6). Twenty-seven to 29 proximal pterygiophores in anal fin (2 c & s). Anal-fin origin at posterior half of body, always anterior to vertical through dorsal-fin origin. Pectoral-fin rays i, 9 (17), or 10 * (13), last ray usually simple but counted as branched. Pectoral-fin distal tip reaching or surpassing one-half of pelvic-fin length (Fig. 1). Pelvic-fin rays i, 7 * in all specimens; last ray simple but counted as branched. Pelvic-fin origin slightly anterior to half of body. Caudal fin forked with 10 / 9 principal rays in all specimens. Scales cycloid, with six to nine radii along posterior field, circuli on anterior, dorsal, and ventral fields, surpassing one-half scale length. Lateral line completely pored: 42 (8), 43 * (8), 44 (11), 45 (2), or 46 (1). Terminal lateral-line tube present on caudal-fin interradial membrane. Predorsal scales 21 (1), 22 * (13), 23 (14), or 24 (2) forming nearly continuous row. Scale rows between dorsal fin and lateral line five (24) or six * (6). Five * (28) or six (2) scale rows between lateral line and anal fin. Four (1) or five * (29) scale rows between lateral line and pelvic fin. Circumpeduncular scales 13 (1) or 14 * (29). One row of 13 (1), 14 (1), 15 (4), 16 (5), 17 (9), 18 * (7), or 19 (3) scales forming sheath along anal-fin base. Total number of vertebrae 43 (2 c & s), 17 precaudal, and 26 caudal. Six * (27), or seven (3) gill rakers on upper arm of first branchial arch; lower arm with 11 (11), 12 * (14), or 13 (5).	en	Vanegas-Ríos, James Anyelo, Urbano-Bonilla, Alexander, Sánchez-Garcés, Gian Carlo (2024): A new species of Chrysobrycon Weitzman & Menezes, 1998 (Characiformes, Characidae, Stevardiinae) with remarkable sexually dimorphic pigmentation from the upper Río Vaupés basin, Colombian Amazon, with taxonomic key. Zoosystematics and Evolution 100 (2): 675-689, DOI: 10.3897/zse.100.121499
876B44E8E3B35DB6AE2A3FB21293B6F1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Chrysobrycon calamar is known from several streams flowing into the upper portion of the Vaupés basin in Colombia (Fig. 5; Suppl. materials 2, 3).	en	Vanegas-Ríos, James Anyelo, Urbano-Bonilla, Alexander, Sánchez-Garcés, Gian Carlo (2024): A new species of Chrysobrycon Weitzman & Menezes, 1998 (Characiformes, Characidae, Stevardiinae) with remarkable sexually dimorphic pigmentation from the upper Río Vaupés basin, Colombian Amazon, with taxonomic key. Zoosystematics and Evolution 100 (2): 675-689, DOI: 10.3897/zse.100.121499
876B44E8E3B35DB6AE2A3FB21293B6F1.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named “ calamar ” in reference to Calamar, a municipality in the department of Guaviare, which is part of its type locality. This is treated as a noun in apposition. Despite the fact that the municipality was the epicenter of slavery for the Carijona and Witoto indigenous people in the rubber era (1879 and 1912) and the Second World War (1942 and 1945), in addition to processes of colonization, extraction of natural resources, introduction of illicit crops, subversion, and paramilitarism (Arcila et al. 1999), it is currently a peaceful territory.	en	Vanegas-Ríos, James Anyelo, Urbano-Bonilla, Alexander, Sánchez-Garcés, Gian Carlo (2024): A new species of Chrysobrycon Weitzman & Menezes, 1998 (Characiformes, Characidae, Stevardiinae) with remarkable sexually dimorphic pigmentation from the upper Río Vaupés basin, Colombian Amazon, with taxonomic key. Zoosystematics and Evolution 100 (2): 675-689, DOI: 10.3897/zse.100.121499
