taxonID	type	description	language	source
5A3C338E9BA75C1ABDE16E935BC7927C.taxon	description	Figs 14, 15, 16, 17, 18	en	Liao, Hauchuan, Terayama, Mamoru, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2022): Revision of Taiwanese and Ryukyuan species of Pristepyris Kieffer, 1905, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). ZooKeys 1102: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953
5A3C338E9BA75C1ABDE16E935BC7927C.taxon	description	Male description. Full description was given by Yasumatsu (1955) and Terayama (2006). Additional information as below. Head. HL / HW x 100 = 98 - 109 (100 in holotype of P. minuta). Frons and vertex almost smooth and shining or with inconspicuous foveolae (ca. 0.01 - 0.02 mm in diameter, Fig. 15 A) or shallow foveolae (ca. 0.02 - 0.04 mm, Fig. 15 B), of which intervals are smooth and shining and wider than diameter of foveolae. Occipital carina present. Median portion of clypeus shortly produced anteriad; median clypeal carina moderately distinct, not reaching anterior margin; anterior clypeal margin nearly straight medially. Compound eye large and convex, with sparse thin erect setae. Mandible with four teeth. Mesosoma. Pronotum without transverse pronotal carina; cervical pronotal area in lateral view round; dorsal area smooth and shining, or with sparse, inconspicuous or shallow foveolae. Mesopleuron elongate; anterior, upper and lower fovea distinct; acropleural area smooth and shining, with inconspicuous foveolae; mesopleural pit absent. Mesodiscrimen concave, without median carina. Metasternum with metafurcal pit. Lateral face of metapectal-propodeal complex obliquely rugose in marginal area and irregularly rugose in central area. Metapectal-propodeal complex in dorsal view with lateral margins subparallel and slightly convex; LP / WP = 1.30 - 1.44 (1.30 in holotype of P. minuta); metapostnotal median carina distinct, but incompletely reaching posterior transverse margin; submedian rugae irregularly running; sublateral margin distinct, but short, incomplete posteriorly; posterior transverse margin distinct; dorsomedian face weakly rugoso-scabrous; dorsolateral face smooth and shining; median portion of propodeal declivity with transversely rugoso-scabrous. Forewing with long R 12 v vein and R 2 flexion line, of which the latter is shorter than 1 M 2 flexion line (arrows in Fig. 15 F), without 2 M 12 flexion line. Hindwing with four distal hamuli. Tarsal claws bifid, with thin and curved apical teeth; basal one very short. Metasoma. Tergum II without longitudinal ridge and sulcus; sternum II with longitudinal median carina. Hypopygium with very long spiculum, with almost straight apical margin; apicomedian part thickened which is visible as a small triangular region; outer face of apicomedian part with relatively dense setae; membrane developed between spiculum and S 9 ala (Fig. 17 A), without thickened margin. Gonostipes thin and glabrous, fused to harpe in dorsal portion. Harpe in ventral view elongate-spatulate, slightly curved inward, with blunt apex, entirely covered with setae which increase in length toward apex; median basal portion with concavity which accommodates digitus and cuspis. Subbasal part of volsella with seta-bearing area which is almost as long as cuspis. Cuspis elongate-lobate and straight, extending posteriad, with several long setae at the apex. Digitus extending laterad, curled. Aedeagus with reduced apical lobe; dorsal lobe large; ventral lobe elongated, with large lobate projection produced ventrally in posterior portion (arrow in Fig. 17 D, F, H).	en	Liao, Hauchuan, Terayama, Mamoru, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2022): Revision of Taiwanese and Ryukyuan species of Pristepyris Kieffer, 1905, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). ZooKeys 1102: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953
5A3C338E9BA75C1ABDE16E935BC7927C.taxon	description	Female description. Female of this species was recognized for the first time by collecting a male and female pair in copulation. Color. Body light brown; mandible, antenna and legs as same as or lighter than body. Head. Head capsule with posterior margin very weakly incurved, with posterolateral corner round; HL / HW x 100 = 139. Occipital carina present. Frons and vertex foveolate (ca. 0.01 mm in diameter), with intervals imbricate; intervals in lateral part of frons as wide as or narrower than diameter of foveolae; intervals in vertex and median part of frons as wide as or wider than diameter of foveolae. Clypeus imbricate; median portion roundly produced anteriad; median longitudinal carina reaching anterior clypeal margin which is slightly incurved medially (Fig. 18 C). Compound eye less developed. Mandible with four teeth. Antennomere I (excluding the basal condylar bulb) 3.1 x as long as maximum width; antennomere I: II: III = 27: 8: 6 in length; antennomere II 0.9 x as long as maximum width, narrowed and bent in basal part; antennomere III-XII each 0.72 - 0.78 x as long as maximum width, elongate-cylindrical; antennomere XIII (terminal) 1.7 x as long as maximum width, with round apex. Mesosoma. Pronotum with anterior flange extending anteriad beyond anterior margin of propleuron; cervical pronotal area in lateral view gently round; dorsal area subtrapezoidal, with weakly incurved posterior margin, with inconspicuous foveolae of which intervals are imbricate and wider than diameter of foveolae; transverse pronotal carina absent; LPD / WPD = 1.36. Mesoscutum overlain by posteromedian portion of pronotum. Mesoscutellum trapezoidal, 0.72 x as long as maximum width, weakly imbricate, with a few inconspicuous foveolae. Mesopleuron elongate and imbricate; anterior, upper and lower depressions absent; mesopleural pit absent. Lateral face of metapectal-propodeal complex imbricates entirely. Metapectal-propodeal complex in dorsal view weakly constricted behind propodeal spiracles and then widened again posteriad, without any distinct carinae which subdivide dorsal face; LP / WP = 2.16; dorsomedian face smooth and shining; median portion of propodeal declivity weakly transversely rugoso-scabrous. Metasoma. Tergum II without longitudinal ridge and sulcus.	en	Liao, Hauchuan, Terayama, Mamoru, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2022): Revision of Taiwanese and Ryukyuan species of Pristepyris Kieffer, 1905, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). ZooKeys 1102: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953
5A3C338E9BA75C1ABDE16E935BC7927C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Japan: Tokyo. 4 males (JT 200820 _ 01, 05 - 07); Minami-osawa, 35 ° 37 ' 11 " N, 139 ° 12 ' 03 " E, 154 m alt. HauChuan Liao leg. (sweeping); 20 / VIII / 2020. 1 female, Miyake-jima; Kentaro Tsujii leg.; 25 / VIII- 22 / IX / 2012. Yakushima. 2 males (JK 210921 _ 05, 07); Ohko-no-taki, 30 ° 17 ' 48 " N, 130 ° 24 ' 51 " E, 16 m alt. HauChuan Liao leg. (sweeping); 22 / IX / 2021. Okinawa-Hontou. 1 male (JO 170808 _ 05); Mt. Nago, 26 ° 35 ' 58 " N, 128 ° 01 ' 09 " E, 181 m alt. HauChuan Liao leg. (sweeping); 10 / VIII / 2017. 2 males (JO 190717 _ 13, 15); Kunigami Vil., 26 ° 44 ' 41 " N, 128 ° 13 ' 10 " E, 316 m alt. HauChuan Liao leg. (sweeping); 19 / VII / 2019. Amami-Oshima. 1 male (JA 170808 _ 13); Mt. Yuwan, 28 ° 16 ' 13 " N, 129 ° 19 ' 26 " E, 44 m alt. HauChuan Liao leg. (sweeping); 16 / VIII / 2017. Ishigaki - jima. 3 males (JI 170808 _ 28, 31, 35), Mt. Omoto, 24 ° 26 ' 31 " N, 124 ° 05 ' 56 " E, 93 m alt. HauChuan Liao leg. (sweeping); 12 - 13 / VIII / 2017. Iriomote - jima. 2 males (JIR 190717 _ 49, 54), Tropical Biosphere Research Center, 24 ° 23 ' 48 " N, 123 ° 48 ' 11 " E, 33 m alt. HauChuan Liao leg. (sweeping); 27 - 28 / VII / 2019. Taiwan: N. Taiwan. 3 males (TNT 180629 _ 03, 04, 09), Mt. ShiZaiTou, New Taipei City, 24 ° 54 ' 14 " N, 121 ° 29 ' 46 " E, 778 m alt. HauChuan Liao leg. (sweeping); 29 / VI / 2018. 5 males (TNT 180706 _ 01, 04, 06 - 08), Mt. Ta Tung, New Taipei City, 24 ° 52 ' 53 " N, 121 ° 34 ' 07 " E, 602 m alt. HauChuan Liao leg. (sweeping); 6 / VII / 2018. C. Taiwan. 2 males (TN 181022 _ 40, 47); Sun Moon Lake, Nantou County, 23 ° 50 ' 57 " N, 120 ° 56 ' 16 " E, 92 m alt. HauChuan Liao leg. (sweeping); 23 / X / 2018.	en	Liao, Hauchuan, Terayama, Mamoru, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2022): Revision of Taiwanese and Ryukyuan species of Pristepyris Kieffer, 1905, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). ZooKeys 1102: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953
5A3C338E9BA75C1ABDE16E935BC7927C.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Hokkaido to Ryukyus in Japan (Terayama 2006), northern South Korea (Lim et al. 2011), northern and central Taiwan; evergreen broadleaf forest.	en	Liao, Hauchuan, Terayama, Mamoru, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2022): Revision of Taiwanese and Ryukyuan species of Pristepyris Kieffer, 1905, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). ZooKeys 1102: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953
98751E60B4E9513FB1919CC885D22DAD.taxon	description	Figs 6, 7	en	Liao, Hauchuan, Terayama, Mamoru, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2022): Revision of Taiwanese and Ryukyuan species of Pristepyris Kieffer, 1905, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). ZooKeys 1102: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953
98751E60B4E9513FB1919CC885D22DAD.taxon	description	Male redescription. Full description was given by Yasumatsu (1955) and Terayama (1999). Additional information as below. Head. HL / HWx 100 = 95 - 100 (98 in holotype). Frons and vertex with deep foveolae (ca. 0.05 - 0.06 mm in diameter), of which intervals are smooth and usually narrower than diameter of foveolae. Occipital carina present. Clypeus roundly produced anteriad; median clypeal carina moderately distinct, almost reaching anterior clypeal margin; anterior clypeal margin weakly incurved medially (Fig. 4 C). Compound eye large and convex, with sparse thin erect setae. Mandible with five teeth. Mesosoma. Dorsal area of pronotum smooth and shining, with deep foveolae; distinct transverse pronotal carinae present (arrow in Fig. 6 F); cervical pronotal area in lateral view forming an angulate corner (arrow in Fig. 6 D). Mesopleuron elongate; anterior, upper and lower fovea distinct; acropleural area smooth and shining, with sparse and small foveolae. Mesopleural pit absent. Mesodiscrimen concave, with weak median carina. Metasternum with metafurcal pit. Lateral face of metapectal-propodeal complex irregularly rugose entirely. Metapectal-propodeal complex in dorsal view with LP / WP = 1.10 - 1.16, with lateral margins subparallel and slightly convex; metapostnotal median carina distinct, but incomplete posteriorly; submedian rugae irregularly running and incomplete posteriorly; sublateral margin incomplete posteriorly; posterior transverse margin indistinct or distinctly extending to spiracle (Fig. 6 E); dorsomedian and dorsolateral faces weakly rugoso-scabrous; median portion of propodeal declivity transversely rugoso-scabrous. Forewing with r-m 2 flexion line (arrows in Fig. 6 G), without R 2 and 2 M 12 flexion line. Hindwing with five distal hamuli. Tarsal claws bifid, with thin and curved apical teeth. Metasoma. Tergum II with longitudinal sulcus and ridge; sternum II with very weak longitudinal median carina or absent. Hypopygium (subgenital plate) with spiculum much longer than S 9 ala; apical margin straight medially; ventral face of apicomedian part with relatively dense setae. Gonostipes glabrous, unfused to harpe. Harpe in ventral view elongated, slightly curved inward, with blunt apex, entirely covered with setae which increase in length toward apex; median basal portion with concavity which accommodates digitus and cuspis. Cuspis lobate and extending laterad, curled, with short, thick, conical setae near apex; subbasal part facing digitus with short and thin hairs. Digitus extending laterad, curled; lateral face with short, thick, conical setae at apex. Apical lobe of aedeagus in lateral view elongate and lobate, directed posteriad, weakly curved ventrad at apex.	en	Liao, Hauchuan, Terayama, Mamoru, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2022): Revision of Taiwanese and Ryukyuan species of Pristepyris Kieffer, 1905, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). ZooKeys 1102: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953
98751E60B4E9513FB1919CC885D22DAD.taxon	description	Female description. Unknown.	en	Liao, Hauchuan, Terayama, Mamoru, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2022): Revision of Taiwanese and Ryukyuan species of Pristepyris Kieffer, 1905, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). ZooKeys 1102: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953
98751E60B4E9513FB1919CC885D22DAD.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Japan: Ishigaki - jima. 3 males (JI 170808 _ 30, 33, 34); Mt. Omoto, 24 ° 26 ' 31 " N, 124 ° 05 ' 56 " E, 93 m alt.; Hauchuan Liao leg. (sweeping); 12 / VIII / 2017. 1 male (JI 170808 _ 36); Mt. Yarabu, 24 ° 26 ' 22 " N, 124 ° 05 ' 32 " E, 154 m alt.; Hauchuan Liao leg. (sweeping); 13 / VIII / 2017. Taiwan: N. Taiwan. 1 male (TT 91007 _ 06); Dagoushi Park, Taipei City, 25 ° 05 ' 20 " N, 121 ° 35 ' 38 " E, 81 m alt.; Hauchuan Liao leg. (sweeping); 9 / X / 2019. E. Taiwan. 5 males (TH 191007 _ 27, 37, 40, 41, 42); TsoTsang Trail, Hualien County, 24 ° 00 ' 53 " N, 121 ° 34 ' 18 " E, 266 m alt.; Hauchuan Liao leg. (sweeping); 24 / X / 2019. S. Taiwan. 1 male (TP 171019 _ 10); Baoli Experimental Forest, Pingtung County, 24 ° 04 ' 15 " N, 120 ° 45 ' 51 " E, 79 m alt.; Hauchuan Liao leg. (sweeping); 22 / X / 2017.	en	Liao, Hauchuan, Terayama, Mamoru, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2022): Revision of Taiwanese and Ryukyuan species of Pristepyris Kieffer, 1905, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). ZooKeys 1102: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953
98751E60B4E9513FB1919CC885D22DAD.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Southern Ryukyus (Terayama 2006), from the north to south of Taiwan (new to Taiwan); evergreen broadleaf forest.	en	Liao, Hauchuan, Terayama, Mamoru, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2022): Revision of Taiwanese and Ryukyuan species of Pristepyris Kieffer, 1905, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). ZooKeys 1102: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953
1B042A903B575036921EC618103D4605.taxon	description	Fig. 8	en	Liao, Hauchuan, Terayama, Mamoru, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2022): Revision of Taiwanese and Ryukyuan species of Pristepyris Kieffer, 1905, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). ZooKeys 1102: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953
1B042A903B575036921EC618103D4605.taxon	description	Female redescription. Full description was given by Terayama (1995). Additional information as below. Head. HL / HW x 100 = 131. Frons and vertex with deep foveolae (ca. 0.03 mm in diameter), of which intervals are imbricate; intervals in vertex wider than diameter of foveolae; intervals in lateral and submedian part of frons narrower than diameter of foveolae; the area along mesal line without foveolae. Occipital carina present. Median portion of clypeus roundly and relatively strongly produced anteriad; apical clypeal margin deeply incurved medially. Mesosoma. Transverse pronotal carina absent. Dorsal area of pronotum imbricate with dense foveolae. Mesoscutum overlaid by posteromedian portion of pronotum. Mesoscutellum trapezoidal, 0.67 x as long as maximum width, weakly imbricate with dense foveolae. Mesopleuron imbricate, with sparse foveolae; anterior, upper and lower fovea absent; mesopleural pit absent. Lateral face of metapectal-propodeal complex imbricate entirely. Metapectal-propodeal complex in dorsal view weakly constricted behind propodeal spiracles and then widened again posteriad, without any distinct carinae which subdivide dorsal face; LP / WP = 2.5; dorsomedian face weakly imbricate, with sparse foveolae; median portion of propodeal declivity weakly and transversely rugoso-scabrous, with sparse foveolae.	en	Liao, Hauchuan, Terayama, Mamoru, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2022): Revision of Taiwanese and Ryukyuan species of Pristepyris Kieffer, 1905, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). ZooKeys 1102: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953
0C22F5D678195FEFB6E1799B85FDC529.taxon	description	Fig. 9	en	Liao, Hauchuan, Terayama, Mamoru, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2022): Revision of Taiwanese and Ryukyuan species of Pristepyris Kieffer, 1905, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). ZooKeys 1102: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953
0C22F5D678195FEFB6E1799B85FDC529.taxon	description	Male redescription. Full description was given by Terayama (1999). Additional information as below. Head. HL / HWx 100 = 105. Frons and vertex with deep foveolae (ca. 0.05 - 0.06 mm in diameter), of which intervals are smooth and shining and narrower than diameter of foveolate. Occipital carina present. Median portion of clypeus roundly produced anteriad; median clypeal carina moderately distinct, almost reaching anterior margin; anterior clypeal margin nearly straight medially. Compound eye large and convex, with sparse thin erect setae. Mandible with five teeth. Mesosoma. Dorsal area of pronotum smooth and shining, with deep foveolae; distinct transverse carinae present (arrow in Fig. 9 D); cervical pronotal area in lateral view strongly and roundly produced (arrow in Fig. 9 C). Mesopleuron elongate; anterior, upper and lower fovea distinct; acropleural area smooth and shining. Mesopleural pit absent. Metapectal-propodeal complex in dorsal view with LP / WP = 1.09, with lateral margins subparallel and slightly convex; metapostnotal median carina distinct, but incomplete posteriorly; submedian rugae irregularly running; sublateral margin distinct, incomplete posteriorly; posterior transverse margin distinct; dorsomedian and dorsolateral faces weakly rugoso-scabrous; median portion of propodeal declivity weakly rugoso-scabrous. Metasoma. Missing.	en	Liao, Hauchuan, Terayama, Mamoru, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2022): Revision of Taiwanese and Ryukyuan species of Pristepyris Kieffer, 1905, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). ZooKeys 1102: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953
0C22F5D678195FEFB6E1799B85FDC529.taxon	description	Female description. Unknown.	en	Liao, Hauchuan, Terayama, Mamoru, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2022): Revision of Taiwanese and Ryukyuan species of Pristepyris Kieffer, 1905, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). ZooKeys 1102: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953
1879051D033A56D4B595AB0A8E105E36.taxon	description	Figs 4, 5	en	Liao, Hauchuan, Terayama, Mamoru, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2022): Revision of Taiwanese and Ryukyuan species of Pristepyris Kieffer, 1905, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). ZooKeys 1102: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953
1879051D033A56D4B595AB0A8E105E36.taxon	description	Male description. Color. Head black; body dark brown; mandible, antenna and legs brown or light brown; fore- and hind-wings subhyaline, with veins brown or light brown. Head. Head capsule in full-face view evenly round posteriorly, without remarkable posterolateral corner; HL / HW x 100 = 98 - 105 (98 in holotype). Occipital carina present. Clypeus imbricate, roundly produced anteriad, with median longitudinal carina which not reach anterior clypeal margin; anterior clypeal margin incurved medially. Frons and vertex with deep foveolae (ca. 0.03 - 0.05 mm in diameter), of which intervals are smooth and shining and narrower than diameter of foveolae. Compound eye large and convex, with sparse thin and relatively short erect setae. POL: AOL = 12: 7; OOL: WOT = 4: 3; DAO = 0.12 mm. Mandible with five apical teeth; dorsal face faintly imbricate. Antennomere I (excluding basal neck and condylar bulb) 3 x as long as maximum width; antennomere I: II: III = 17: 3: 12 in length; antennomere II 1.4 x as long as maximum width, narrowed and bent in basal part; antennomere III-XI each 2.5 - 4.4 x as long as maximum width; antennomere XII 5.2 x as long as maximum width, elongate-cylindrical; antennomere XIII (terminal) 6.7 x as long as maximum width, with pointed apex. Mesosoma. Pronotum with pronotal flange extending anteriad beyond anterior margin of propleuron; cervical area in lateral view very steep. Dorsal area of pronotum subtrapezoidal, without distinct transverse pronotal carina (arrow in Fig. 4 E), with incurved posterior margin, with deep foveolae, of which intervals are narrower than diameter of foveolae in anterior half, but wider in posterior half; LPD / WPD = 0.39 - 0.45 (0.39 in holotype). Mesoscutum smooth and shining in anterior 1 / 3; area along notauli and parapsidal signum foveolate; notaulus distinct in posterior 2 / 3 of mesoscutum, not reaching posterior margin; parapsidal signum distinct, almost reaching posterior margin of mesoscutum. Mesoscutellum smooth and shining, with sparse and deep foveolae. Mesoscuto-mesoscutellar suture deep and convex anteriad. Mesopleuron elongate; anterior, upper and lower fovea distinct; acropleural area (raised area surrounding anterior, upper and lower fovea) almost smooth and shining. Mesopleural pit absent. Mesodiscrimen concave, with weak median carina. Metasternum with metafurcal pit. Lateral surface of metapectal-propodeal complex obliquely and strongly rugose in marginal area and weakly rugose with intervals shining in central area. Metapectal-propodeal complex in dorsal view with LP / WP = 1.02 - 1.20 (1.11 in holotype), with lateral margins subparallel, but slightly convex; metapostnotal median carina distinct, almost complete posteriorly, but fading in anterior half; submedian rugae and sublateral margin distinct, but irregularly running; posterior transverse margin indistinct; dorsomedian face sparsely rugoso-scabrous, with intervals smooth and shining; dorsolateral face densely rugoso-scabrous; median portion of propodeal declivity transversely rugoso-scabrous. Forewing with r-m 2 flexion line (arrows in Fig. 4 F), without R 2 and 2 M 12 flexion line. Hindwing with five distal hamuli. Claws bifid, with thin and curved apical teeth. Metasoma. Tergum II with weak longitudinal sulcus and weak longitudinal ridge; sternum II without longitudinal median carina. Hypopygium (subgenital plate) with spiculum much longer than S 9 ala; apical margin incurved medially; ventral face of apicomedian part with relatively dense setae. Gonostipes glabrous, unfused to harpe. Harpe in ventral view elongate, slightly curved inward, with blunt apex, entirely covered with setae which increase in length toward apex; median basal portion with concavity which accommodates digitus and cuspis. Cuspis lobate and extending laterad, curled, with short, thick, conical setae near apex; subbasal part facing digitus with short and thin hairs. Digitus extending laterad, curled; lateral face with short, thick, conical setae at apex. Apical lobe of aedeagus in lateral view short and lobate, weakly curved ventrad.	en	Liao, Hauchuan, Terayama, Mamoru, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2022): Revision of Taiwanese and Ryukyuan species of Pristepyris Kieffer, 1905, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). ZooKeys 1102: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953
1879051D033A56D4B595AB0A8E105E36.taxon	description	Female description. Unknown.	en	Liao, Hauchuan, Terayama, Mamoru, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2022): Revision of Taiwanese and Ryukyuan species of Pristepyris Kieffer, 1905, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). ZooKeys 1102: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953
1879051D033A56D4B595AB0A8E105E36.taxon	description	Measurements. Holotype: HL 1.16 mm; HW 1.20 mm; EL 0.56 mm; WOT 0.28 mm; POL 0.12 mm; AOL 0.07 mm; OOL 0.40 mm; DAO 0.11 mm; LM 2.25 mm; LPD 0.47 mm; WPD 1.06 mm; LP 0.86 mm; WP 0.74 mm. Paratypes: HL 1.19 - 1.28 mm; HW 1.19 - 1.28 mm; EL 0.56 - 0.61 mm; WOT 0.30 - 0.32 mm; POL 0.14 mm; AOL 0.10 mm; OOL 0.40 - 0.42 mm; DAO 0.10 mm; LM 2.25 - 2.38 mm; LMT 2.68 - 2.73 mm; LPD 0.48 - 0.51 mm; WPD 1.10 - 1.16 mm; LP 0.85 - 1.00 mm; WP 0.80 - 0.87 mm; TL 5.9 - 6.0 mm.	en	Liao, Hauchuan, Terayama, Mamoru, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2022): Revision of Taiwanese and Ryukyuan species of Pristepyris Kieffer, 1905, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). ZooKeys 1102: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953
1879051D033A56D4B595AB0A8E105E36.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype. Mt. Kaoshihfo, Pingtung Country, Taiwan, 22 ° 07 ' 53 " N, 120 ° 48 ' 42 " E, 483 m alt.; Yoto Komeda leg. (sweeping); 19 / V / 2017; NSMT. Paratypes. 2 males (TP 170606 _ 11, 13); same data as for holotype; TARI.	en	Liao, Hauchuan, Terayama, Mamoru, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2022): Revision of Taiwanese and Ryukyuan species of Pristepyris Kieffer, 1905, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). ZooKeys 1102: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953
1879051D033A56D4B595AB0A8E105E36.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named after " Pristepyris seqalu ", an aboriginal people who live primarily in Hengchen Township in Taiwan.	en	Liao, Hauchuan, Terayama, Mamoru, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2022): Revision of Taiwanese and Ryukyuan species of Pristepyris Kieffer, 1905, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). ZooKeys 1102: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953
1879051D033A56D4B595AB0A8E105E36.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Southern Taiwan; evergreen broadleaf forest.	en	Liao, Hauchuan, Terayama, Mamoru, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2022): Revision of Taiwanese and Ryukyuan species of Pristepyris Kieffer, 1905, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). ZooKeys 1102: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953
F36E9931E31E5E84B88E085829725487.taxon	description	Fig. 10	en	Liao, Hauchuan, Terayama, Mamoru, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2022): Revision of Taiwanese and Ryukyuan species of Pristepyris Kieffer, 1905, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). ZooKeys 1102: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953
F36E9931E31E5E84B88E085829725487.taxon	description	Male redescription. Full description was given by Terayama (1995). Additional information as below. Head. Frons and vertex with deep foveolae (ca. 0.05 - 0.06 mm in diameter), of which intervals are smooth and shining; intervals in vertex and frons usually narrower than diameter of foveolae. Occipital carina present. Median portion of clypeus roundly produced anteriad; median clypeal carina moderately distinct, almost reaching anterior margin; anterior clypeal margin truncate, nearly straight medially. Compound eye large and convex. Mandible with five teeth. Mesosoma. Dorsal area of pronotum smooth and shining, with deep foveolae; distinct transverse carina (e) present (arrow in Fig. 10 D); cervical pronotal area in lateral view forming an angulate corner (arrow in Fig. 10 C). Mesopleuron elongate; anterior, upper and lower fovea distinct; acropleural area smooth and shining. Mesopleural pit absent. Lateral face of metapectal-propodeal complex irregularly rugose. Metapectal-propodeal complex in dorsal view with LP / WP = 0.96, with lateral margins subparallel and slightly convex; metapostnotal median carina distinct, but incomplete posteriorly; submedian rugae irregularly running and incomplete posteriorly; sublateral margin incomplete posteriorly; posterior transverse margin weak; dorsomedian and dorsolateral faces weakly rugoso-scabrous; median portion of propodeal declivity transversely rugoso-scabrous.	en	Liao, Hauchuan, Terayama, Mamoru, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2022): Revision of Taiwanese and Ryukyuan species of Pristepyris Kieffer, 1905, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). ZooKeys 1102: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953
F36E9931E31E5E84B88E085829725487.taxon	description	Female description. Unknown.	en	Liao, Hauchuan, Terayama, Mamoru, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2022): Revision of Taiwanese and Ryukyuan species of Pristepyris Kieffer, 1905, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). ZooKeys 1102: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953
F36E9931E31E5E84B88E085829725487.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Southern Taiwan.	en	Liao, Hauchuan, Terayama, Mamoru, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2022): Revision of Taiwanese and Ryukyuan species of Pristepyris Kieffer, 1905, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). ZooKeys 1102: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953
960BB0F4DC9A57DEA6A85910EC3582B1.taxon	description	Figs 11, 12, 13	en	Liao, Hauchuan, Terayama, Mamoru, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2022): Revision of Taiwanese and Ryukyuan species of Pristepyris Kieffer, 1905, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). ZooKeys 1102: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953
960BB0F4DC9A57DEA6A85910EC3582B1.taxon	description	Male redescription. Full description was given by Terayama et al. (2002). Additional information as below. Head. HL / HWx 100 = 88 - 103 (88 in holotype). Frons and vertex with deep foveolae (ca. 0.05 - 0.06 mm in diameter), of which intervals are smooth and shining and narrower than diameter of foveolate. Occipital carina present. Median portion of clypeus roundly produced anteriad; median clypeal carina moderately distinct, almost reaching anterior margin; anterior clypeal margin nearly straight medially. Compound eye large and convex, with sparse thin erect setae. Mandible with five teeth. Mesosoma. Dorsal area of pronotum smooth and shining, with deep foveolae, with distinct transverse pronotal carinae (arrow in Fig. 8 E). Cervical pronotal area in lateral view round. Mesopleuron elongate; anterior, upper and lower fovea distinct; acropleural area smooth and shining. Mesopleural pit absent. Mesodiscrimen concave, with weak median carina. Metasternum with metafurcal pit. Lateral face of metapectal-propodeal complex smooth and shining anteriorly, irregularly rugose on posterior half of central area. Metapectal-propodeal complex in dorsal view with LP / WP = 0.97 - 1.04, with lateral margins subparallel and slightly convex; metapostnotal median carina distinct, but incomplete posteriorly; submedian rugae irregularly running; sublateral margin distinct, incomplete posteriorly; posterior transverse margin distinct; dorsomedian and dorsolateral faces weakly rugoso-scabrous; median portion of propodeal declivity transversely rugoso-scabrous. Forewing with r-m 2 flexion line (arrows in Fig. 8 F), without R 2 and 2 M 12 flexion line. Hindwing with five distal hamuli. Tarsal claws bifid, with thin and curved apical teeth. Metasoma. Tergum II with longitudinal sulcus and ridge; sternum II with longitudinal median carina. Hypopygium with spiculum much longer than S 9 ala (spiculum broken in Fig. 9 A); apical margin straight medially; ventral face of apicomedian part with relatively dense setae. Gonostipes glabrous, unfused to harpe. Harpe in ventral view widely elongated, slightly curved inward, with blunt apex, entirely covered with setae which increase in length toward apex; median basal portion with concavity which accommodates digitus and cuspis. Cuspis lobate and extending laterad, curled, with short, thick, conical setae at apex; subbasal part facing digitus with short and thin setea. Digitus extending laterad, curled; lateral face with short, thick, conical setae near apex. Apical lobe of aedeagus in lateral view elongate and spatulate, with broadened and rounded apex, in ventral view somewhat winding.	en	Liao, Hauchuan, Terayama, Mamoru, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2022): Revision of Taiwanese and Ryukyuan species of Pristepyris Kieffer, 1905, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). ZooKeys 1102: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953
960BB0F4DC9A57DEA6A85910EC3582B1.taxon	description	Female description. Female of this species was newly-recognised by molecular phylogenetic analyses in the present study. Color. Body mostly dark brown; mandible, antenna, anterior flange of pronotum and legs brown or light brown. Head. Head capsule with posterior margin slightly incurved, with posterolateral corner round; HL / HW x 100 = 118 - 126. Occipital carina present. Frons and vertex with deep foveolae (ca. 0.03 - 0.04 mm in diameter), of which intervals are imbricate; intervals in vertex wider than diameter of foveolae; intervals in lateral and submedian part of frons as narrow as or narrower than diameter of foveolae; the area along mesal line without foveolae. Median portion of clypeus roundly and relatively strongly produced anteriad, imbricate; median longitudinal carina not reaching anterior clypeal margin; anterior clypeal margin deeply incurved medially. Compound eye less developed. Mandible with four teeth; basalmost tooth relatively shorter than other ones. Antennomere I (excluding basal condylar bulb) 2.7 x as long as maximum width; antennomere I: II: III = 5: 1: 1 in length; antennomere II 0.9 x as long as maximum width, narrowed and bent in basal part; antennomere III-XII each 0.76 - 0.85 x as long as maximum width, elongate-cylindrical; antennomere XIII (terminal) 1.3 x as long as maximum width, with round apex. Tarsal claws with thin and curved tooth. Mesosoma. Pronotum with anterior flange extending anteriad beyond anterior margin of propleuron; transverse pronotal carina absent; cervical pronotal area in lateral view round, with a steep anterior face; dorsal area subtrapezoidal, with almost straight posterior margin, with deep foveolae of which intervals are wider than diameter of foveolae and weakly imbricate; LPD / WPD = 1.00 - 1.07. Mesoscutum overlain by posteromedian portion of pronotum. Mesoscutellum trapezoidal, 0.63 - 0.64 x as long as maximum width, weakly imbricate, with sparse and deep foveolae. Mesopleuron largely imbricate excluding smooth anterodorsal part, with sparse and deep foveolae; anterior, upper and lower fovea absent; mesopleural pit absent. Mesodiscrimen with weak median carina. Metasternum with metafurcal pit. Lateral face of metapectal-propodeal complex imbricates entirely. Metapectal-propodeal complex in dorsal view weakly constricted behind propodeal spiracles and then widened again posteriad, without any distinct carinae which subdivide dorsal face; LP / WP = 2.28 - 2.42; dorsomedian face weakly imbricate; median portion of propodeal declivity weakly and transversely rugoso-scabrous, with sparse foveolae. Metasoma. Tergum II with weak longitudinal ridge, without longitudinal sulcus; sternum II without longitudinal median carina.	en	Liao, Hauchuan, Terayama, Mamoru, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2022): Revision of Taiwanese and Ryukyuan species of Pristepyris Kieffer, 1905, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). ZooKeys 1102: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953
960BB0F4DC9A57DEA6A85910EC3582B1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Japan: Irabu - jima. 15 males (JM 190717 _ 31 - 45); Makiyama Park, 24 ° 48 ' 57 " N, 125 ° 13 ' 00 " E, 93 m alt.; HauChuan Liao leg. (sweeping); 23 / VII / 2019. 1 female (JM 190717 _ 28); Makiyama Park, 24 ° 48 ' 57 " N, 125 ° 13 ' 00 " E, 93 m alt.; HauChuan Liao leg. (sweeping); 23 / VII / 2019. Iriomote - jima 1 male (JIR 190717 _ 47); Tropical Biosphere Research Center, 24 ° 23 ' 48 " N, 123 ° 48 ' 11 " E, 33 m alt. HauChuan Liao leg. (sweeping). Taiwan: N. Taiwan. 2 males (TNT 171019 _ 04, TNT 180504 _ 01); Mt. Dadao Wurai, New Taipei City, 24 ° 51 ' 09 " N, 121 ° 33 ' 27 " E, 548 m alt.; Hauchuan Liao leg. (sweeping); 26 / X / 2017, 4 / V / 2018. C. Taiwan. 1 male (TN 190315 _ 24); Sungpolun Trail, Nantou County, 23 ° 52 ' 06 " N, 120 ° 55 ' 44 " E, 789 m alt.; HauChuan Liao leg. (sweeping); 20 / III / 2019. 1 female (TN 170427 _ 01); Huisun Experimental Forest, Nantou County. Po-Cheng Hsu leg.; 27 / IV / 2017.	en	Liao, Hauchuan, Terayama, Mamoru, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2022): Revision of Taiwanese and Ryukyuan species of Pristepyris Kieffer, 1905, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). ZooKeys 1102: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953
960BB0F4DC9A57DEA6A85910EC3582B1.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Eastern China (Zhejiang), southern Ryukyu, northern and central Taiwan (new to Taiwan); evergreen broadleaf forests.	en	Liao, Hauchuan, Terayama, Mamoru, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2022): Revision of Taiwanese and Ryukyuan species of Pristepyris Kieffer, 1905, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). ZooKeys 1102: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953
