taxonID	type	description	language	source
65583E45FF8962239288F8E1FDC8FA40.taxon	materials_examined	Type species. Libinia rostrata Bell, 1835, by present designation. Gender feminine. Included species. Stratiolibinia rostrata (Bell, 1835) gen. nov., comb. nov., and S. bellicosa (Oliveira, 1944) gen. nov., comb. nov.	en	S, M A R C O S Tava R E, Santana, William (2011): A new genus for Libinia rostrata Bell, 1835, with comments on the validity of Libinia bellicosa Oliveira, 1944 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Majoidea, Epialtidae). Zootaxa 3057: 61-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.202967
65583E45FF8962239288F8E1FDC8FA40.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Carapace subglobose, covered by thick velvet; regions swollen, well distinct, armed with tubercles, spines including: 3 protogastric, 3 mesogastric, 1 metagastric, 1 cardiac, 1 intestinal spines. Pterygostomian, hepatic, proto-, meso-, metabranchial, branchiostegal regions with spines, tubercles; branchiostegal spine longest, laterally directed. Rostrum very broad, ending in widely divergent spines. Preorbital spine strong, acute; postorbital spine cup-like; orbit single notched dorsally. Cheliped long, merus armed with spines, tubercles. Pereiopod 2 almost as long as cheliped, dactylus much shorter than propodus. P 3 - P 5 comparatively short, diminishing progressively in length posteriorly; dactyli corneous tips deeply excavated ventrally, with one (sometimes two) distinct, ventral tubercle behind it. Last thoracic pleurite (ThPl 8) extremely reduced. Lower parts of both ThPl 8, ThPl 7 upturned, swollen, forming low thoracic pleural gutter for channeling of water. Male sterno-abdominal cavity very deep, narrow, not limited laterally by tubercles at the level of thoracic sternites VI – VII, closed anteriorly by strong crest derived from sternite IV. Visible parts of male thoracic sternite VIII small (abdomen removed). Male, female abdomen of six somites and telson. Male abdominal somites 4 and 5 only slightly concave laterally. Male telson tight-fitting into sterno-abdominal cavity, relativelly narrow, distinctly triangular. G 1 stout, straight, with bilobed apex, keel well developed, blunt. G 2 slender, straight, very short (one fifth the length of G 1).	en	S, M A R C O S Tava R E, Santana, William (2011): A new genus for Libinia rostrata Bell, 1835, with comments on the validity of Libinia bellicosa Oliveira, 1944 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Majoidea, Epialtidae). Zootaxa 3057: 61-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.202967
65583E45FF8962239288F8E1FDC8FA40.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Stratiolibinia gen. nov. can be easily distinguished from Libinia Leach, 1815, by an unique combination of characters, which include: (i) male sterno-abdominal cavity is very deep and narrow (Fig. 1 A), whereas it is shallower and distinctly wider in Libinia (Fig. 1 C); (ii) male sterno-abdominal cavity is closed anteriorly by a strong crest on thoracic sternite IV (Fig. 1 A, B), sterno-abdominal cavity is open anteriorly in Libinia (Fig. 1 C, D); (iii) male sterno-abdominal cavity is not delimited laterally by tubercles at the level of thoracic sternites VI – VII (Fig. 1 A), two strong tubercles delimit the sterno-abdominal cavity laterally (lateral swellings) at level of thoracic sternites VI – VII, one tubercle each in Libinia (Fig. 1 D); (iv) male abdominal somites 5 and 4 are only slightly concave laterally (Fig. 1 B), abdominal somites 5 and 4 are deeply concave laterally to receive the lateral swellings from thoracic sternites VI – VII in Libinia (Fig. 1 D); (v) visible part of male thoracic sternite VIII is small (abdomen removed) (Fig. 1 A), it is distinctly larger in Libinia (Fig. 1 C); (vi) upturned edge of the thoracic pleural gutter is low (formed by ThPl 7 and ThPl 8), it is noticeably higher in Libinia; (vii) P 2 dactylus is much shorter than the P 2 propodus (Fig. 3 A), P 2 dactylus is about as long as propodus in Libinia (Fig. 3 B); (viii) P 2 – P 5 dactyli are armed with one (sometimes two) distinct, ventral tubercle behind their corneous tips, whose ventral surface are deeply excavated longitudinally (Fig. 3 C), the P 2 – P 5 dactyli have no ventral tubercle behind their corneous tips and their corneous tips are only gently grooved ventrally in Libinia (Fig. 3 D); (ix) male telson is rather narrow, distinctly triangular, and tight-fitted into the sterno-abdominal cavity (Fig. 1 B), it is loosely fitted into the sterno-abdominal cavity, broadly triangular or with a rounded tip in Libinia (Fig. 1 D); (x) G 1 is stout, conspicuously straight, only slightly convergent anteriorly (Fig. 1 A), the G 1 is remarkably more slender, deeply curved outward, and tapering gently distally in Libinia (Fig. 1 C); (xi) G 1 keel is well developed, blunt (Fig. 1 A – C), it is absent in Libinia (Fig. 1 D).	en	S, M A R C O S Tava R E, Santana, William (2011): A new genus for Libinia rostrata Bell, 1835, with comments on the validity of Libinia bellicosa Oliveira, 1944 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Majoidea, Epialtidae). Zootaxa 3057: 61-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.202967
65583E45FF8962239288F8E1FDC8FA40.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name Stratiolibinia is an arbitrary combination of stratio (Greek for soldier) and the spider crab genus name Libinia. Gender feminine.	en	S, M A R C O S Tava R E, Santana, William (2011): A new genus for Libinia rostrata Bell, 1835, with comments on the validity of Libinia bellicosa Oliveira, 1944 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Majoidea, Epialtidae). Zootaxa 3057: 61-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.202967
65583E45FF8A62269288FA7EFAE7FECD.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Panama, Toro Point, Smithsonian Biological Survey, Meek & Hidelbrand coll., 05. ii. 1912: 1 female (USNM 56536). Brazil: Ceará, Fortaleza, Praia do Mucuipe, A. Carvalho coll., 1945: 1 male, 2 young females (MNRJ 4710). Rio Grande do Norte, nearby Porto do Mangue, mouth of Rio das Conchas, stn 23, between 05 ° 02.078 ’ S – 36 ° 46.028 ’ W and 05 ° 01.407 ’ S – 36 ° 46.073 ’ W, M. Tavares coll., 24. xi. 2009, 3 – 6 m: 1 male (MZUSP 22536). Espírito Santo, Itaúnas, P. H. L. Van Der Vem coll., ii. 2001: 1 ovigerous female (MZUSP 20287); 1 male (MZUSP 20288); 1 male (MZUSP 20289). Espírito Santo, Piúma, 20 ° 50.578 ’ S – 40 ° 28.253 ’ W, A. Jório coll., 28. iii. 2010: 1 ovigerous female (MZUSP 24340). Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Pinheiro, iv. 1943: holotype female, cl 72.9 mm, cw 63.7 mm (MZUSP 8581). Locality unknown: 1 female (MZUSP 24341). Comparative material. Stratiolibinia rostrata (Bell, 1835) gen. nov., comb. nov.: Peru, Paita, W. L. Schmitt coll., x. 1926: neotype male, cl 58 mm, cw 47 mm (USNM 100916). Peru, Paita, W. L. Schmitt coll., x. 1926: 1 male, 1 female (USNM 70999). Libinia dubia H. Milne Edwards, 1934: U. S. A, Massachusetts, Woods Hole: 1 female (USNM 72928). Virginia, Tangier Island, C. W. Shoes coll., 9. ix. 1921, on oyster rock: 1 male (USNM 55477).	en	S, M A R C O S Tava R E, Santana, William (2011): A new genus for Libinia rostrata Bell, 1835, with comments on the validity of Libinia bellicosa Oliveira, 1944 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Majoidea, Epialtidae). Zootaxa 3057: 61-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.202967
65583E45FF8A62269288FA7EFAE7FECD.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Until now no individuals of L. rostrata and L. bellicosa had been directly compared to one another. All previous authors relied only on the available descriptions and figures, in part because L. rostrata was described from a single male from the Eastern Pacific (Peru), which was subsequently lost, and also to the fact that the species was not collected again until 91 years later by W. Schmitt in October 1926 in Paita, Peru, and not redescribed and illustrated until 123 years after Bell (1835) by Garth (1958). Rathbun (1925: 330) compared one adult female from the Atlantic coast of Panamá and one adult male from Brazil with Bell’s (1835) description and concluded that these Atlantic specimens were conspecific with the Eastern Pacific L. rostrata. Oliveira (1944) compared an adult female from Rio de Janeiro with Bell’s brief description and his simple illustration of L. rostrata, as well as Rathbun’s notes on the Brazilian individual, and decided to consider the Atlantic specimens as a separate taxon, L. rostrata var. bellicosa. Garth (1958) studied two males and one female of the Pacific form collected by W. Schmitt in Peru, and designated the male USNM 100916 as the neotype for L. rostrata. Based on the examination of the Peruvian specimens only, and “ in view of the discontinuity of habitat ” (Garth 1958: 331), he referred the Pacific and the Atlantic forms to two separate species, L. rostrata and L. bellicosa, respectively, contrary to Rathbun (1925). Holthuis (1959) and Guinot-Dumortier (1960) compared males and females from Suriname and French Guiana, respectively, with the existing descriptions and illustrations of both the Pacific and the Atlantic forms (Bell 1835; Rathbun 1925, Oliveira 1944; Garth 1958) and considered that Oliveira (1944) was correct in erecting a new species for the Atlantic population. Among the differential characters between L. rostrata and L. bellicosa provided by Oliveira (1944: 88 – 89, plate 2, fig. 4) was a distinct “ crater-like ” tubercle (actually a double tubercle) behind the cardiac spine. This double tubercle (as a “ crater-like ” tubercle) had already been noted by Rathbun (1925: 330),) in a Brazil specimen in the Natural History Museum in Philadelphia identified by her as L. rostrata. Holthuis (1959) also found the double tubercle in the Suriname males and females. This tubercle was not mentioned by Guinot-Dumortier (1960) in the French Guiana individuals. Holthuis (1959) and Guinot-Dumortier (1960) mentioned that in both the Suriname and French Guiana specimens, the distal end of the G 1 mesial half is more anteriorly produced than in the Peru material figured by Garth (1958: plate T, fig, 6). Our comparisons of two males and one female from Peru with four males and seven females from Brazil revealed that S. rostrata comb. nov. and S. bellicosa comb. nov., can be distinguished by S. bellicosa possessing a double tubercle behind the cardiac spine (Fig. 4 A). This distinct tubercle is absent in all examined specimens of S. rostrata (Fig. 4 B). Both species can be also separated by the form of the distal end of G 1, whose mesial lobe in S. bellicosa (Fig. 2 A) is long, acute, and upturned, whereas in S. rostrata, the same lobe is distinctly short, blunt, and directed laterally (Fig. 2 B). All the other supposed differential characters between S. rostrata and S. bellicosa mentioned by Oliveira (1944) are just variations: (i) the length and thickness of the cheliped and the spination of the P 1 merus vary with age and sex; (ii) the spine behind the gastric spine is not present in some of the Atlantic representatives (also noted by Holthuis 1959); and (iii) the acuteness of the preocular spine varies between individuals.	en	S, M A R C O S Tava R E, Santana, William (2011): A new genus for Libinia rostrata Bell, 1835, with comments on the validity of Libinia bellicosa Oliveira, 1944 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Majoidea, Epialtidae). Zootaxa 3057: 61-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.202967
