identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
65583E45FF8962239288F8E1FDC8FA40.text	65583E45FF8962239288F8E1FDC8FA40.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stratiolibinia	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Stratiolibinia gen. nov.</p>
            <p> Type species.  Libinia rostrata Bell, 1835 , by present designation. Gender feminine. Included species.  Stratiolibinia rostrata (Bell, 1835) gen. nov. , comb. nov., and  S. bellicosa (Oliveira, 1944) gen. nov. , comb. nov. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Carapace subglobose, covered by thick velvet; regions swollen, well distinct, armed with tubercles, spines including: 3 protogastric, 3 mesogastric, 1 metagastric, 1 cardiac, 1 intestinal spines. Pterygostomian, hepatic, proto-, meso-, metabranchial, branchiostegal regions with spines, tubercles; branchiostegal spine longest, laterally directed. Rostrum very broad, ending in widely divergent spines. Preorbital spine strong, acute; postorbital spine cup-like; orbit single notched dorsally. Cheliped long, merus armed with spines, tubercles. Pereiopod 2 almost as long as cheliped, dactylus much shorter than propodus. P3-P5 comparatively short, diminishing progressively in length posteriorly; dactyli corneous tips deeply excavated ventrally, with one (sometimes two) distinct, ventral tubercle behind it. Last thoracic pleurite (ThPl8) extremely reduced. Lower parts of both ThPl8, ThPl7 upturned, swollen, forming low thoracic pleural gutter for channeling of water. Male sterno-abdominal cavity very deep, narrow, not limited laterally by tubercles at the level of thoracic sternites VI–VII, closed anteriorly by strong crest derived from sternite IV. Visible parts of male thoracic sternite VIII small (abdomen removed). Male, female abdomen of six somites and telson. Male abdominal somites 4 and 5 only slightly concave laterally. Male telson tight-fitting into sterno-abdominal cavity, relativelly narrow, distinctly triangular. G1 stout, straight, with bilobed apex, keel well developed, blunt. G2 slender, straight, very short (one fifth the length of G1).</p>
            <p> Remarks.  Stratiolibinia gen. nov. can be easily distinguished from  Libinia Leach, 1815 , by an unique combination of characters, which include: (i) male sterno-abdominal cavity is very deep and narrow (Fig. 1A), whereas it is shallower and distinctly wider in  Libinia (Fig. 1C); (ii) male sterno-abdominal cavity is closed anteriorly by a strong crest on thoracic sternite IV (Fig. 1A, B), sterno-abdominal cavity is open anteriorly in  Libinia (Fig. 1C, D); (iii) male sterno-abdominal cavity is not delimited laterally by tubercles at the level of thoracic sternites VI–VII (Fig. 1A), two strong tubercles delimit the sterno-abdominal cavity laterally (lateral swellings) at level of thoracic sternites VI–VII, one tubercle each in  Libinia (Fig. 1D); (iv) male abdominal somites 5 and 4 are only slightly concave laterally (Fig. 1B), abdominal somites 5 and 4 are deeply concave laterally to receive the lateral swellings from thoracic sternites VI–VII in  Libinia (Fig. 1D); (v) visible part of male thoracic sternite VIII is small (abdomen removed) (Fig. 1A), it is distinctly larger in  Libinia (Fig. 1C); (vi) upturned edge of the thoracic pleural gutter is low (formed by ThPl7 and ThPl8), it is noticeably higher in  Libinia ; (vii) P2 dactylus is much shorter than the P2 propodus (Fig. 3A), P2 dactylus is about as long as propodus in  Libinia (Fig. 3B); (viii) P2–P5 dactyli are armed with one (sometimes two) distinct, ventral tubercle behind their corneous tips, whose ventral surface are deeply excavated longitudinally (Fig. 3 C), the P2–P5 dactyli have no ventral tubercle behind their corneous tips and their corneous tips are only gently grooved ventrally in  Libinia (Fig. 3 D); (ix) male telson is rather narrow, distinctly triangular, and tight-fitted into the sterno-abdominal cavity (Fig. 1B), it is loosely fitted into the sterno-abdominal cavity, broadly triangular or with a rounded tip in  Libinia (Fig. 1D); (x) G1 is stout, conspicuously straight, only slightly convergent anteriorly (Fig. 1A), the G1 is remarkably more slender, deeply curved outward, and tapering gently distally in  Libinia (Fig. 1C); (xi) G1 keel is well developed, blunt (Fig. 1A–C), it is absent in  Libinia (Fig. 1D). </p>
            <p> Libinia Leach, 1815 , is herein restricted to the following eight species:  L. cavirostris Chace, 1942 (WA);  L. dubia H. Milne Edwards, 1834 (WA);  L. emarginata Leach, 1815 (its type species) (WA);  L. erinacea (A. Milne- Edwards, 1879) (WA);  L. ferreirae Brito Capello, 1871 (WA);  L. mexicana Rathbun, 1892 (EP);  L. peruana Garth &amp; Méndez, 1983 (EP);  L. rhomboidea Streets, 1870 (WA);  L. setosa Lockington, 1877 (EP); and  L. spinosa H. Milne Edwards, 1834 (WA). </p>
            <p> Etymology. The name  Stratiolibinia is an arbitrary combination of stratio (Greek for soldier) and the spider crab genus name  Libinia . Gender feminine. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/65583E45FF8962239288F8E1FDC8FA40	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	S, M A R C O S Tava R E;Santana, William	S, M A R C O S Tava R E, Santana, William (2011): A new genus for Libinia rostrata Bell, 1835, with comments on the validity of Libinia bellicosa Oliveira, 1944 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Majoidea, Epialtidae). Zootaxa 3057: 61-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.202967
65583E45FF8A62269288FA7EFAE7FECD.text	65583E45FF8A62269288FA7EFAE7FECD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stratiolibinia bellicosa (Oliveira 1944) Oliveira 1944	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Stratiolibinia bellicosa (Oliveira, 1944) gen. nov. , new combination </p>
            <p>(Figs 1A–B; 2A, C; 3A, C; 4A)</p>
            <p> Libinia rostrata – Rathbun 1925: 330; Castaño &amp; Campos 2003: 267. [not  Libinia rostrata Bell, 1835 ] </p>
            <p> Libinia rostrata var. bellicosa Oliveira, 1944: 87 . </p>
            <p> Libinia rostrata bellicosa – Holthuis 1959: 189. </p>
            <p> Libinia rostrata var. bellicosa – Garth 1958: 329, 331; Hendrickx 1999: 133. </p>
            <p> Libinia bellicosa – Holthuis 1959: 188; Guinot-Dumortier 1960: 178; Fausto Filho 1966: 33; Coelho 1971a: 140; 1971b: table 1 [page not numbered]; Coelho &amp; Ramos 1972: 213; Melo et al. 1989: 7; Melo 1996: 259; Coelho et al. 2008: 17; Takeda 1983: 136; Boschi 2000: 90 [table]; Silva et al. 2001: 87; Silva et al. 2002: 102; Viana et al. 2003: 12. </p>
            <p>Material examined. Panama, Toro Point, Smithsonian Biological Survey, Meek &amp; Hidelbrand coll., 05.ii.1912: 1 female (USNM 56536). Brazil: Ceará, Fortaleza, Praia do Mucuipe, A. Carvalho coll., 1945: 1 male, 2 young females (MNRJ 4710). Rio Grande do Norte, nearby Porto do Mangue, mouth of Rio das Conchas, stn 23, between 05°02.078’S – 36°46.028’W and 05°01.407’S – 36°46.073’W, M. Tavares coll., 24.xi.2009, 3– 6m: 1 male (MZUSP 22536). Espírito Santo, Itaúnas, P. H. L. Van Der Vem coll., ii.2001: 1 ovigerous female (MZUSP 20287); 1 male (MZUSP 20288); 1 male (MZUSP 20289). Espírito Santo, Piúma, 20°50.578’S – 40°28.253’W, A. Jório coll., 28.iii.2010: 1 ovigerous female (MZUSP 24340). Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Pinheiro, iv. 1943: holotype female, cl 72.9mm, cw 63.7mm (MZUSP 8581). Locality unknown: 1 female (MZUSP 24341).</p>
            <p> Comparative material.  Stratiolibinia rostrata (Bell, 1835) gen. nov. , comb. nov.: Peru, Paita, W. L. Schmitt coll., x.1926: neotype male, cl 58mm, cw 47mm (USNM 100916). Peru, Paita, W. L. Schmitt coll., x.1926: 1 male, 1 female (USNM 70999). </p>
            <p> Libinia dubia H. Milne Edwards, 1934 : U.S. A, Massachusetts, Woods Hole: 1 female (USNM 72928). Virginia, Tangier Island, C. W. Shoes coll., 9.ix.1921, on oyster rock: 1 male (USNM 55477). </p>
            <p> Libinia emarginata Leach, 1815 : U.S.A., Connecticut, New Haven, Savin Rock: 1 male, 1 female (USNM not numbered). </p>
            <p> Libinia erinacea (A. Milne-Edwards, 1879) : U.S.A., Louisiana: 1 female (USNM 256624). </p>
            <p> Libinia ferreirae Brito Capello, 1871 : Brazil, Sergipe, Pirambu, Cetesb coll., 12.ii.1985: 2 females (MZUSP 6618). Espírito Santo, Itaúnas, P. H. L. Van Der Ven coll., ii.2001: 1 male (MZUSP 20286); 1 ovigerous female (MZUSP 20285). Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, E. Garbe coll., i.1912, M.J. Rathbun det.: 1 male (MZUSP 379); 1 female (USNM 47835). Paraná, Shangrilá, R. Ennei coll., 13.xii.1998: 1 male (MZUSP 12964). Rio Grande do Sul, Projeto GEDIP, stn 1917, 29.x.1972: 2 males (MZUSP 14540). </p>
            <p> Libinia mexicana Rathbun, 1892 : Mexico, San Felipe, Gulf of California, 6–15.v.1933: 1 male, 1 female (USNM 67720). </p>
            <p> Libinia rhomboidea Streets, 1870 : Cuba, N.H. Bishop coll.: 1 male (USNM 53050). </p>
            <p> Libinia setosa Lockington, 1877 : Mexico, Lower California, Playa Maria Bay, A. W. Anthony coll., 24.viii.1896: 1 male (USNM not numbered). </p>
            <p> Libinia spinosa H. Milne Edwards, 1834 : Brazil, Macaé, near Santana Archipelago, PITA stn 12 III: 1 male, 1 female (MZUSP 20271). Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Cabiunas, 24–25.iv.1993: 2 males (MZUSP 20282). São Paulo, Santos, Baía de Santos, Instituto de Pesca coll., vii. 1965: 1 male (MZUSP 2068). São Paulo, Ilha de Alcatrazes, Instituto de Pesca coll., v.1964: 2 males, 2 young females (MZUSP 1876). Rio Grande do Sul, Projeto GEDIP, st. 1925, 30.x.1972: 1 male (MZUSP 4356). Argentina, Provincia Buenos Aires, Bahia Union to Bahia Anegada, “La Uruguay ”, ii.1920: 1 ovigerous female (USNM 92490). </p>
            <p> Remarks. Until now no individuals of  L. rostrata and  L. bellicosa had been directly compared to one another. All previous authors relied only on the available descriptions and figures, in part because  L. rostrata was described from a single male from the Eastern Pacific (Peru), which was subsequently lost, and also to the fact that the species was not collected again until 91 years later by W. Schmitt in October 1926 in Paita, Peru, and not redescribed and illustrated until 123 years after Bell (1835) by Garth (1958). Rathbun (1925: 330) compared one adult female from the Atlantic coast of Panamá and one adult male from Brazil with Bell’s (1835) description and concluded that these Atlantic specimens were conspecific with the Eastern Pacific  L. rostrata . Oliveira (1944) compared an adult female from Rio de Janeiro with Bell’s brief description and his simple illustration of  L. rostrata , as well as Rathbun’s notes on the Brazilian individual, and decided to consider the Atlantic specimens as a separate taxon,  L.rostrata var. bellicosa . Garth (1958) studied two males and one female of the Pacific form collected by W. Schmitt in Peru, and designated the male USNM 100916 as the neotype for  L. rostrata . Based on the examination of the Peruvian specimens only, and “in view of the discontinuity of habitat” (Garth 1958: 331), he referred the Pacific and the Atlantic forms to two separate species,  L. rostrata and  L. bellicosa , respectively, contrary to Rathbun (1925). Holthuis (1959) and Guinot-Dumortier (1960) compared males and females from Suriname and French Guiana, respectively, with the existing descriptions and illustrations of both the Pacific and the Atlantic forms (Bell 1835; Rathbun 1925, Oliveira 1944; Garth 1958) and considered that Oliveira (1944) was correct in erecting a new species for the Atlantic population. </p>
            <p> Among the differential characters between  L. rostrata and  L. bellicosa provided by Oliveira (1944: 88–89, plate 2, fig. 4) was a distinct “crater-like” tubercle (actually a double tubercle) behind the cardiac spine. This double tubercle (as a “crater-like” tubercle) had already been noted by Rathbun (1925: 330),) in a Brazil specimen in the Natural History Museum in Philadelphia identified by her as  L. rostrata . Holthuis (1959) also found the double tubercle in the Suriname males and females. This tubercle was not mentioned by Guinot-Dumortier (1960) in the French Guiana individuals. Holthuis (1959) and Guinot-Dumortier (1960) mentioned that in both the Suriname and French Guiana specimens, the distal end of the G1 mesial half is more anteriorly produced than in the Peru material figured by Garth (1958: plate T, fig, 6). Our comparisons of two males and one female from Peru with four males and seven females from Brazil revealed that  S. rostrata comb. nov. and  S. bellicosa comb. nov. , can be distinguished by  S. bellicosa possessing a double tubercle behind the cardiac spine (Fig. 4A). This distinct tubercle is absent in all examined specimens of  S. rostrata (Fig. 4B). Both species can be also separated by the form of the distal end of G1, whose mesial lobe in  S. bellicosa (Fig. 2A) is long, acute, and upturned, whereas in  S. rostrata , the same lobe is distinctly short, blunt, and directed laterally (Fig. 2B). All the other supposed differential characters between  S. rostrata and  S. bellicosa mentioned by Oliveira (1944) are just variations: (i) the length and thickness of the cheliped and the spination of the P1 merus vary with age and sex; (ii) the spine behind the gastric spine is not present in some of the Atlantic representatives (also noted by Holthuis 1959); and (iii) the acuteness of the preocular spine varies between individuals. </p>
            <p> Stratiolibinia bellicosa is an Atlantic species presently known from the Atlantic coasts of Panamá, Colombia, Suriname, French Guiana, and Brazil (Pará, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, and Paraná) at depths of 10– 30 m. Its Eastern Pacific counterpart,  S. rostrata , is so far known from Sinaloa (Mexico) and Paita (Peru), between 4–100 m (Rathbun1910; Garth 1958; Hendrickx 1999; Castaño &amp; Campos 2003). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/65583E45FF8A62269288FA7EFAE7FECD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	S, M A R C O S Tava R E;Santana, William	S, M A R C O S Tava R E, Santana, William (2011): A new genus for Libinia rostrata Bell, 1835, with comments on the validity of Libinia bellicosa Oliveira, 1944 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Majoidea, Epialtidae). Zootaxa 3057: 61-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.202967
