taxonID	type	description	language	source
6678EB18FFD8FFCAFF527D77A4EEF89B.taxon	description	(Figs 7 – 12, 14 – 25, 28 – 32, 34 – 38, 40 – 49) Type species: Taeniopteryx loewii Albarda, 1889.	en	Verdone, Chris J., Williams, Bronwyn W., Beaty, Steven R., Holland, Victor B., Grubbs, Scott A., Dewalt, Edward (2025): The adults, larvae, and systematics of the Nearctic Oemopteryx Klapálek, 1902 (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae). Zootaxa 5595 (1): 1-94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1
6678EB18FFD8FFCAFF527D77A4EEF89B.taxon	description	Head (Figs 7 A, 8 A, 15 A, 21 A, 28 A, 34 A, 40 A, 45 A). Dorsum of head light-brown to dark-brown. Labrum pale anteriorly, brown posteriorly or with brown spots. Anterior frontoclypeus light-brown to brown. Frons with a dark-brown U-shaped marking. Antenna longer than body. Scape, pedicel, and flagella light-brown, yellow-brown to dark-brown. Scape with a distal notch on anterior face. First flagellum subdivided at distal 1 / 4. Rugosities or pale area anterolateral to lateral ocelli and ecdysial suture. Interocellar area light-brown to dark-brown and slightly depressed. Occasionally with a pale stripe spanning area between eyes across lateral ocelli and interocellar space. Occiput with brown rugosities. Medial areas of the frons, interocellar surface, and occiput covered with fine, pale, clothing hairs. Thorax (Figs 7 A, 8 A, 15 A, 21 A, 28 A, 34 A, 40 A, 45 A). Pronotum subquadrate, wider than long (length 0.75 – 0.85 X width) with posterior width slightly wider than anterior width; brown overall with brown rugosities or with a pale medial triangular area that widens posteriorly. Anterior and posterior margins of pronotal flange often pale. Disk with irregular brown rugosities; with or without a transverse sinuous furrow at anterior 1 / 4. Prosternum moderately sclerotized. Meso- and metathorax dark-brown, lightly to heavily sclerotized dorsally and ventrally. Mesonotum with or without a pale anteromedial spot. Thoracic nota and coxae uniformly covered with sparse, short, fine clothing hairs and with or without longer brown setae. Legs with or without contrasting pigment. Femur pale, distal portion of femur with darker pigment, or with an incomplete mottled brown stripe antero- and posterodorsally. Tibia brown, darker brown on proximal and distal portions, or with proximal callus pale; apex of tibiae with 2 - stout apical spines. Tarsus pale to dark-brown. Legs uniformly covered with dark, short stout setae. Forewings brachypterous, extending to posterior margin of tergum- 1 with apex acutely pointed, or macropterous; hyaline; venation brown; forewing with or without light mottling; without costal crossveins between humeral crossvein and apex of the subcostal vein which may be forked. Hindwing mottling minimally developed or absent, absent in anal region. Abdomen. First abdominal tergite either uniformly sclerotized or with a pale stripe (Fig. 14 A), a U-shaped pale area (Fig. 20 A), or paired spots (Fig. 7 A). Abdominal segments 1 – 9 lightly covered with short, fine clothing hairs. Terga 2 – 6 uniformly brown; terga 6 – 9 with or without a well-defined posteromedial membranous cleft. Sterna 1 – 9 or 2 – 8 with a pair of anterior sublateral oval brown spots. Sternum- 9 with (Figs 8 C, 15 C, 21 C, 40 C, 45 C) or without (Figs 28 C, 34 C) a lightly sclerotized vesicle. Sterna 7 – 8 lightly sclerotized. Sternum- 9 elongated into a scooped plate, lateral margins straight (Figs 8 C, 15 C, 21 C, 34 C, 40 C, 45 C) or with rounded lateral margins (Fig. 28 C); plate with numerous long setae on dorsal and ventral surfaces; plate covering sternum- 10 ventrally and extending beyond. Terminalia (Figs 9 A, 9 D, 16 A. 16 D, 22 A, 22 D, 29 A, 29 D, 35 A, 35 D, 41 A, 41 D, 46 A, 46 D). Abdominal segment- 10 nested within segment- 9. Anterior margin unsclerotized. Tergal sclerite- 10 with a subtle medial cleft and with (Figs 9 A, 9 C, 16 A, 16 C) or without (Figs 22 A. 22 C, 29 A, 29 C, 35 A, 35 C, 41 A, 41 C, 46 A, 46 C,) paired anterior processes with raised scale-like armature. Cercus 3 – 7 segmented (Figs 9 A, 9 D, 16 A, 16 D, 22 A, 22 D, 29 A, 29 D, 35 A, 35 D, 41 A, 41 D, 46 A, 46 D), excluding vestigial apical segment, and with posteriorly or anteriorly directed basalcercal process covered in socketed setae and sensilla basiconica (Figs 9 A, 9 D, 16 A, 16 a, 16 D, 22 A, 22 D 29 A, 29 D 35 A, 35 D, 41 A, 41 D, 46 A, 46 D). Basal plate of tergum- 10 relatively flat (Figs 9 A, 16 A, 22 A, 29 A, 35 A), or produced into paired lobes (Figs 41 A – C, 46 A, 46 C). Lateral struts present (Figs 9 A, 9 C, 16 A, 16 C, 22 A, 29 A, 35 A, 35 C, 41 A, 46 A – C), median strut present (Figs 29 A, 29 C, 35 A, 35 C, 46 A – C), or absent with a small medial point (Figs 9 A, 9 C, 16 A, 16 C, 22 A). Basal bulb, glabrous (Figs 9 A – B, 9 E, 16 A – B, 22 A – B, 22 D – E, 41 A – B, 41 D – E, 46 A – C) or covered in minute raised armature (Figs 29 A – B, 29 E, 35 A, 35 C), oval, bulbous, moderately sclerotized and with or without an obvious oval inner bulb bearing a small hollow stalk, which terminates at a pore on the anterior face of the anterior epiproct prong. Anterior epiproct prong fused to basal bulb, entire (Figs 29 A – B, 29 D – E, 35 A – B, 35 D – E, 41 A – B, 41 D – E, 46 A – B, 46 D – E) or divided halfway to base (Figs 9 A – B, 9 E, 16 A – B, 16 E, 22 A – B, 22 E). Posterior epiproct prong subdivided into 2 - processes; ventral process lightly sclerotized, entire (Figs 29 A – B, 29 D – E, 35 A – B, 35 D – E, 41 A – B, 41 D – E, 46 A – B, 46 D – E) or divided near apex into 2 - rounded lobes (Figs 9 A – B, 9 D – E, 16 A, 16 D – E, 22 A – B, 22 D – E); dorsal process pouch-like, armed with posteriorly directed spine-like setae with an apical sleeve containing 1 – 3 internal filament (s) (Figs 35 B, 35 E, 41 B, 41 E, 46 B, 46 E); filament (s) sometimes visible on left side of basal bulb. Paraprocts subdivided into 2 - parts, symmetrical anterior paraprocts and asymmetrical bi-lobed posterior paraprocts. Anterior paraprocts medially directed, minute and lightly sclerotized (Fig. 46 D) or subrectangular (Figs 29 A, 35 A – B) or conical and well-sclerotized (Figs 9 A – B, 9 D – E, 16 A – B, 16 D, 22 A – B). Posterior paraprocts subdivided, multi-lobed, variable in appearance, fused at base (variously visible in Figs 9 A, 16 A, 22 A, 29 A, 41 A, 46 A; not visible in Figs 35 A – E). Adult female (Figs 8 B, 14 A, 15 B, 20 A, 21 B, 28 B, 34 B, 40 B, 45 B). Macropterous. Length of forewings 7.6 – 14.7 mm (n = 66). Length of body 5.7 – 13.2 mm (n = 70). General body color brown. Appearance generally similar to male. Forewing without costal crossveins between humeral crossvein and apex of the subcostal vein which may be forked (Figs 8 D, 15 D, 21 D, 28 D, 34 D, 40, 45 D). AA 1 vein of forewing with long fine setae ≥ 1.0 mm (Fig. 28 F) or short setae (Figs 8 F, 15 F, 21 F, 34 F, 40 F, 45 F). Hindwing mottling reduced or absent (Figs 8 D, 15 D, 21 D, 28 D, 34 D, 40 D, 45 D). Abdominal tergites either unmodified and lightly sclerotized or with contrasting pigment patterns on the first abdominal tergum (Figs 7, 14, 20 C); lateral margins of abdomen segments 1 – 8 unsclerotized. Sternum- 8 weakly sclerotized (Figs 8 E, 15 E, 21 E, 28 E, 34 E, 40 E, 45 E). Terga 9 – 10 sclerotized dorsally and laterally. Subgenital plate weakly to moderately sclerotized (Figs 8 E, 15 E, 21 E, 28 E, 34 E, 40 E, 45 E), produced posteriorly with a posterior notch (Fig. 40 E, 42 A – B), without a notch (Figs 30 A – B, 36 A – B, 42 A – B, 47 A – B) or not produced posteriorly (Figs 10 A – B, 17 A – B, 23 A – B). Sternum- 9 parabolic (Figs 8 E, 10 A – B, 15 E, 17 A – B, 21 E, 23 A – B, 28 E, 30 A – B, 34 E, 36 A – B, 40 E, 42 A – B, 45 E, 47 A – B), produced just beyond the apex of abdominal segment- 10; length of free portion of sternum- 9 0.7 – 1.0 X basal width; uniformly covered with long setae that are longer posteriorly; lateral margins slightly narrowing to a rounded apex. Cercus 4 – 8 segmented, excluding vestigial apical segment (Figs 8 E, 10 A, 17 A, 15 E, 21 E, 23 A, 28 E, 30 A, 34 E, 36 A, 40 E, 42 A, 45 E, 47 A). Ovum. Unknown. Mature larva (Figs 11 A, 18 A, 24 A, 31 A, 37 A, 43 A, 48 A). Length of male body 6.4 – 10.9 mm (n = 40), female body 6.8 – 13.3 mm (n = 51). General color light-brown to brown. Integument glossy, much of the body with sparse, fine, hair-like sensillae and socketed stout setae, observable at> 100 X magnification. Specimens generally preserve in a curled posture with the head touching or approaching the abdomen apex, similar to other Taeniopterygidae. Head (Figs 11 A, 18 A, 24 A, 31 A, 37 A, 43 A, 48 A). Dorsum of head light-brown to brown with darker brown maculations variously developed. Antelabrum pale to brown; anterior margin with a dense brush of golden setae. Postlabrum pale to brown. Anterior frontoclypeus pale to brown. Frons with or without a brown U-shaped marking with posterolateral extensions; often with light-brown subrectangular markings directly anterior to lateral ocelli. Interocellar area diffusely light-brown to brown. Occipital area light-brown to brown and with irregular brown rugosities. Eyes with pigmented ommatidia sometimes reduced, not reaching eye margins. Antennal scape brown (Figs 11 C, 18 C, 24 C, 31 C, 37 C, 43 C, 48 C); scape and flagella light-brown to brown; dorsobasal apically inserted setae present (Figs 31 C, 37 C, 43 C) or absent (Figs 11 C, 18 C, 24 C, 48 C); antenna slightly shorter than body (Figs 11 A, 18 A, 24 A, 31 A, 37 A, 43 A, 48 A). Maxilla (Figs 12 A – B, 19 A – B, 25 A – B, 32 A – B, 38 A – B, 44 A – B, 49 A – B). Lacinia triangular with a straight, convex or sinuous inner margin. Lacinia with 2 - apical, cupped teeth and 1 – 7 subapical denticle (s) on ventral face (SD in Fig. 12 B square inset). Apical teeth subequal in length; relative length of apical teeth to palm length difficult to discern due to wear. Inner palm margin with 10 – 19 stout socketed marginal setae below apical teeth; first marginal seta robust. Basal 1 / 3 of palm with a cluster of 6 – 10 thin dorsal setae. Acutely pointed sensilla basiconica on various locations on palm surface. Galea with a dense brush of curved setae on the distal apical margin, which transition to sparse peg-like setae at the apical 1 / 4; a thin patch of setae on inner margin below apical setae, which extends about 1 / 2 – 2 / 3 to base. Length of galea, including apical setae 1.1 – 1.3 X length of lacinia; width of galea 0.8 – 1.3 X the lacinia width. Maxillary palp with 5 - segments; 1.7 – 2.2 X length of lacinia; palp with sensilla basiconica variously developed. Mandible. Right mandible (Figs 12 C, 19 C, 25 C, 32 C, 38 C, 44 C, 49 C) bicuspid, outer cusp with 2 – 3 teeth, inner cusp with 1 - tooth. Molar pad adorned with marginal rows of pointed acanthae (length 1.0 – 2.1 X width). Palm dorsum with 1 – 11 dorsal sensillae adjacent to molar pad (requires focusing through the mandible) (Figs 12 C, 19 C, 25 C, 32 C, 38 C, 44 C, 49 C square inset); proximal basal corner with a marginal patch of 3 – 5 hair-like, branched setae. Ventro-apical setal patch extending from outer cusp to beyond the inner cusp basally (indicated by dotted line in Figs 12 C, 19 C, 25 C, 32 C, 38 C, 44 C, 49 C). Left mandible (Figs 12 D, 19 D, 25 D, 32 D, 38 D, 44 D, 49 D) bicuspid, outer cusp with 4 – 5 teeth, inner cusp with 5 - tooth. Molar pad with marginal rows of rounded acanthae and long pointed acanthae (length 2.0 – 4.5 X width). Palm dorsum with 1 – 12 dorsal sensillae adjacent to molar pad (Figs 12 D, 19 D, 25 D, 32 D, 38 D, 44 D, 49 D circle inset); proximal basal corner with a marginal patch of 3 – 5 hair-like, branched setae. Ventral palm setae extending from outer cusp to beyond the inner cusp basally (indicated by dotted line in Figs 12 D, 19 D, 25 D, 32 D, 38 D, 44 D, 49 D) Thorax (Figs 11 A, 18 A, 24 A, 31 A, 37 A, 43 A, 48 A). Pronotum wider posteriorly; light-brown with faint rugosities and with or without a pale posteromedial spot. Length of forewing pad 1.0 – 3.9 X width. Length of hindwing pad 1.8 – 2.0 X width. Venter of thorax pale. Prothoracic presternum mostly glabrous with light-brown spicules laterally and a pair of elongate lateral cervical sclerites. Prothoracic basisternum and furcasternum light-brown; spicules dense medially and sporadic distally, or absent. Mesothorax with an oval prefurcasternal pit; light-brown spicules present both anterior and posterior to pit; lateral areas glabrous. Mesothoracic basisternum with light-brown spicules mostly concentrated medially. Furcasternal pit present between mesothoracic legs; furcasternum triangular (length 0.5 – 1.2 width). Metathoracic basisterna with a medial patch of light-brown spicules and a pair of furcasternal pits. Femur and tibia pale to light-brown (Figs 11 D, 18 D, 24 D, 31 D, 37 D, 43 D, 48 D) and with a fringe of silky setae (not shown); length of femoral setae 0.5 – 1.5 X width of the femur; length of tibial setae about 1.0 – 1.4 X tibial width. Anterior and posterior faces of the femur with scattered short stout setae. Tibial callus, an area of thickened integument on the proximal end of the tibia, pale or darkened (Figs 11 D, 18 D, 24 D, 31 D, 37 D, 43 D, 48 D). Tarsus with a sparse dorsal fringe of silky setae (not shown); tarsus entirely pale or light-brown and becoming progressively darker distally. Venter of tibia and tarsus with scattered short stout setae. Abdomen (Figs 11 E, 18 E, 24 E, 31 E, 37 E, 43 E, 48 E). Dorsum of abdomen uniformly light-brown to brown. Posterior margins of terga with a single row of short, stout sensillae. Posterior margins of tergum- 8 and tergum- 9 or terga 8 – 10 with a pair of thin, erect, submedial setae. Venter of abdomen pale; sterna 1 – 8 with light-brown spicules. Sternum- 9 with an elongate plate (male = length 1.4 – 1.7 X width; female = length 1.5 – 1.9 X width); plate width relative to sternal width (male = 0.7 – 0.9 X; female = 0.7 – 0.8 X). Male plate (Figs 11 F, 18 F, 24 F, 31 F, 37 F, 43 F, 48 F) with sides slightly widening towards posterior margin of sternum- 9, posterolateral margins convex, evenly rounded towards apex. Female plate (Figs 11 G, 18 G, 24 G, 31 G, 37 G, 43 G, 48 G) narrower basally, widest at posterior margin of sternum- 9; posterolateral margins linear or convex, evenly narrowing towards apex. Plates of both males and females with stout setae sparse on basal half, becoming denser towards apex. Cercus uniformly light-brown to brown; dorsobasal apically inserted setae absent; cercus about as long as body (Figs 11 A, 18 A, 24 A, 31 A, 37 A, 43 A, 48 A).	en	Verdone, Chris J., Williams, Bronwyn W., Beaty, Steven R., Holland, Victor B., Grubbs, Scott A., Dewalt, Edward (2025): The adults, larvae, and systematics of the Nearctic Oemopteryx Klapálek, 1902 (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae). Zootaxa 5595 (1): 1-94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1
6678EB18FFD8FFCAFF527D77A4EEF89B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The genus Oemopteryx is defined in the adult male by the epiproct being composed of two prongs. Females are distinguished by their parabolic 9 th sternum and the forewing lacking costal crossveins between the humeral crossvein and the apical crossvein of the posterior Subcosta. The larvae are differentiated by having both basal cercal and antennal segments with apically inserted setae, or having both absent; the lateral margins of the 9 th sternal plate usually convex at the apical 1 / 3; the lack of an inner tibial fringe on pro- and meso-thoracic legs and the ventro-apical patch of setae on the left mandible extends proximally to, or past the base of the basal tooth of the outer cusp. Biological notes. Nearctic Oemopteryx larvae are found in small upland streams in the Appalachians, Sierra Nevada, and Cascades, as well as larger rivers across Canada’s Atlantic, Central, and Prairie provinces, and the U. S. Northeast, Upper Midwest, and Rocky Mountain plateaus. A univoltine life cycle and larval diapause has been hypothesized for four species based on life history studies (Dosdall & Lehmkuhl 1979, Nelson 1982, Harper et al. 1991). Larvae are usually present from October through April and are most commonly found in gravel riffles. Mouthpart morphology and wear suggests Oemopteryx larvae are scrappers. Adults can be active from mid-January to mid-June depending on elevation and latitude. Nearctic Oemopteryx morphological species groups The Oemopteryx contorta Group The Oemopteryx contorta Group includes O. bimaculata sp. nov., O. contorta, and O. tuscarora sp. nov. Species of this group have larvae without dorsobasal apically inserted setae on the antenna and cercus (Figs 11 B – C, 18 B – C, 24 B – C) and lack maxillary palp setae (Figs 12 A – B, 19 A – B, 25 A – B). Adult males have a broadly circular vesicle on sternum- 9 (Figs 8 C, 15 C, 21 C) that is attached to sternum- 9 from beneath the vesicle; an anterior epiproct prong that is divided apically (Figs 9 A – B, 9 E, 16 A – B, 16 E, 22 A – B, 22 E) and a basal plate of tergum- 10 that lacks lobes and a median strut (Figs 9 A, 9 C, 16 A, 16 C, 22 A). Additionally, males have low, rounded, posteriorly directed basal cercal processes (Figs 9 A, 9 D, 16 A, 16 D, 22 A, 22 D). The subgenital plate of the females is not produced posteriorly (Figs 10 A – B, 17 A – B, 23 A – B). The Oemopteryx glacialis Group The Oemopteryx glacialis Group includes O. fosketti and O. glacialis. Species of this group have larvae with dorsobasal apically inserted setae on the cercus and antenna (Figs 31 B – C, 37 B – C), but lack maxillary palp setae (Figs 32 A – B, 38 A – B). Adult males have short, upturned forewings (Figs 28 A, 34 A), an anterior epiproct prong with a trilobed apex (Figs 29 A – B, 35 A – B), a basal plate of tergum- 10 with weakly developed lobes and a median strut (Figs 29 A, 29 C, 35 A, 35 C). Additionally, males have simple, posteriorly directed, finger-like basal cercal processes (Figs 29 A, 29 D – E, 35 A, 35 D – E) and lack a vesicle on sternum- 9 (Figs 28 C, 34 C). The subgenital plate of the females is moderately produced posteriorly (Figs 28 E, 30 A – B, 34 E, 36 A – B). The description of O. loewii is strikingly similar to the species of the O. glacialis Group suggesting it could be placed in the same species group. However, because O. loewii is presumably extinct, only pinned females are available for study and the scope of the current project is limited to the Nearctic species, no revision to the O. loewii Group is proposed at this time. The Oemopteryx leei Group The Oemopteryx leei Group is represented only by O. leei. The larvae of this group have dorsobasal apically inserted setae on the cercus and antenna (Figs 43 B – C) and hair-like sensillae on the maxillary palps (Figs 44 A – B). The adult male has a tab-like vesicle on sternum- 9 (Fig. 40 C), an anterior epiproct prong that is hooded at its apex (Figs 41 A – E), a basal plate of tergum- 10 with well-developed lobes and a weak median strut (Figs 41 A – E). Additionally, the male has dorsally directed basal cercal processes (Figs 41 A, D). The subgenital plate of the female is moderately produced posteriorly (Figs 40 E; 42 A – B). The Oemopteryx vanduzeea Group The Oemopteryx vanduzeea Group is represented only by O. vanduzeea. The larvae of this group have an acute nipple-like projection on the apex of sternum- 9 (Figs 48 F – G) and lack setae on the cercus (Fig. 48 B), antenna (Fig. 48 C) and maxillary palp (Figs 49 A – B). The adult male has a tab-like vesicle on sternum- 9 (Fig. 45 C), an anterior epiproct prong that is flat and undivided (Figs 46 A – B, 46 D – E), a basal plate of tergum- 10 with well-developed lobes and a weak median strut (Figs 46 A – C). Additionally, the male has long, anteriorly directed basal cercal processes that are bent at mid-length (Figs 46 A – B, 46 D – E) and the apex of sternum- 9 is acute anterodorsally. The subgenital plate of the female is moderately produced posteriorly (Figs 45 E, 47 A – B) and sternum- 9 has an acute medial projection (Figs 45 E, 47 A). The O. contorta Group	en	Verdone, Chris J., Williams, Bronwyn W., Beaty, Steven R., Holland, Victor B., Grubbs, Scott A., Dewalt, Edward (2025): The adults, larvae, and systematics of the Nearctic Oemopteryx Klapálek, 1902 (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae). Zootaxa 5595 (1): 1-94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1
6678EB18FFC4FFC0FF527817A7E2FE66.taxon	description	(Figs 7 – 12) Two-spotted Willowfly	en	Verdone, Chris J., Williams, Bronwyn W., Beaty, Steven R., Holland, Victor B., Grubbs, Scott A., Dewalt, Edward (2025): The adults, larvae, and systematics of the Nearctic Oemopteryx Klapálek, 1902 (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae). Zootaxa 5595 (1): 1-94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1
6678EB18FFC4FFC0FF527817A7E2FE66.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named for the pair of pale spots on tergum- 1 present on both the adult male and female. The name combines the Latin prefix bi - meaning “ two ” and the Latin adjective macula and the past participle - ta meaning “ spotted ”. The name is used as an adjective of feminine gender. The common name “ Two-spotted Willowfly ” is proposed for this species.	en	Verdone, Chris J., Williams, Bronwyn W., Beaty, Steven R., Holland, Victor B., Grubbs, Scott A., Dewalt, Edward (2025): The adults, larvae, and systematics of the Nearctic Oemopteryx Klapálek, 1902 (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae). Zootaxa 5595 (1): 1-94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1
6678EB18FFC4FFC0FF527817A7E2FE66.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA. — AL, GA, KY, TN, WV (Fig. 6).	en	Verdone, Chris J., Williams, Bronwyn W., Beaty, Steven R., Holland, Victor B., Grubbs, Scott A., Dewalt, Edward (2025): The adults, larvae, and systematics of the Nearctic Oemopteryx Klapálek, 1902 (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae). Zootaxa 5595 (1): 1-94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1
6678EB18FFC4FFC0FF527817A7E2FE66.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype M: USA. — Tennessee: Morgan Co., Hall Branch, Camp Austin Rd., 36.03188, - 84.56940, 15 February 2024, C. Verdone, L. Everett (USNM). Paratypes: USA. — Georgia: Dade Co., Daniel Creek, Cloudland State Park, 34.82457, - 85.49074, 8 February 2017, C. Verdone, B. Kondratieff, 2 M, 4 F, 4 L (CSUIC). Tennessee: Bledsoe Co., Henderson Creek, 4 mi NE Summer City, [TN 235], [35.60689, - 85.061514], 24 February 1999, B. Kondratieff, R. Kirchner, 3 M, 1 F, 19 L (CSUIC); Polebridge Creek, off TN 30, Summer City, [35.57793, - 85.11890], 24 February 1999, B. Kondratieff, R. Kirchner, 1 M (CSUIC). Cumberland Co., Clear [Creek], [Ridge Rd.], Lilly Bridge, [36.10204, - 84.71717], 22 February 2007, C. R. Parker, 2 F (CSUIC); North Fork Elmore Creek, TN 298, [36.10314, - 84.94161], 9 February 1998, B. Kondratieff, R. Kirchner, 1 M (CSUIC); Obed River, [no location], [unable to approximate coordinates], 20 February 1976, B. Kondratieff, 1 M, 6 L (CSUIC). Morgan Co., Green Branch of White Creek, Barnett Bridge Rd., [36.14807, - 84.77806], 9 February 1998, B. Kondratieff, R. Kirchner, 14 M, 8 L (CSUIC); same location, 15 February 2024, C. Verdone, L. Everett, 1 M, 26 L (NCDWR); same data, emerged 29 February 2024, 1 M, 1 E (NCDWR); Hall Branch, Camp Austin Rd., 36.03188, - 84.56940, 15 February 2024, C. Verdone, L. Everett, 1 M, 1 F (NCDWR); Mud Lick Creek, TN 299, Oakdale City Park, [35.98646, - 84.55544], 9 February 1998, B. Kondratieff, R. Kirchner, 9 M, 4 F (CSUIC); Smith Branch, Twin Bridge Rd., 36.00640, - 84.60735, 15 February 2024, C. Verdone, L. Everett, 1 M, 1 L (NCDWR). Additional material: Kentucky: Harlan Co., Left Fork Martins Fork, Martins Fork WMA, 36.68261, - 83.41538, 14 April 2016, S. A. Grubbs, 1 F (WKUC); same data, 36.68423, - 83.41434, 1 F (WKUC); same data, 36.68306, - 83.41496, 3 F (WKUC). Tennessee: Bledsoe Co., [no waterbody], Summer City, [35.57417, - 85.11611], 12 March 1964, H. B Cunningham, 3 M, 1 F (INHS: Plecoptera 6257). Cumberland Co., [no waterbody], 2 miles south of Crossville, [unable to approximate coordinates], 12 March 1964, H. B Cunningham, 1 M (INHS: Plecoptera 6258); [no waterbody], 8 miles south of Crossville, [unable to approximate coordinates], 12 March 1964, H. B Cunningham, 2 F (INHS: Plecoptera 6259); Grundy Co., [no waterbody], Cumberland Heights, [35.40556, - 85.69667], 13 March 1964, H. B Cunningham, 1 F (INHS: Plecoptera 6254); same data, 1 M (INHS: Plecoptera 6255); same data, 1 M (INHS: Plecoptera 6256). Franklin Co., UT Little Coon Creek, off TN 16, Bear Hollow Mtn., 35.00451, - 86.05228, 10 March 2024, S. A. Grubbs, 1 M, 2 F (WKUC). Hamilton Co., [no waterbody], 4 miles NW of Chattanooga, [35.22753, - 85.49190], 13 March 1964, H. B. Cunningham, 1 M, 2 F (CNCI). Marion Co., North Prong Flat Fork, Frozen Head State Park, 36.13860, - 84.48042, 27 February 2007, A. L. Sheldon, 2 M, 1 F (WKUC); UT Cross Creek, 17 km NW South Pittsburg, Franklin-Marion State Forest, 35.08700, - 85.86721, 12 February 2007, S. A. Grubbs, 2 M, 1 F (WKUC); UT South Suck Creek, Rte 27, 5.2 km WNW Signal Mountain, Prentice Cooper State Forest, 35.14740, - 85.39260, 31 January 2015, S. A. Grubbs, 2 M (WKUC); UT Sweeten Creek, 15 km NW South Pittsburg, Franklin-Marion State Forest, 35.08270, - 85.83910, 12 February 2007, S. A. Grubbs, 2 F (WKUC). [no waterbody], 7 miles north of Whitwell, [unable to approximate coordinates], [no date], H. B Cunningham, 1 F (INHS: Plecoptera 6253). Morgan Co., Rock Creek, at Pilot Mountain, Hwy 27, [36.19849, - 84.66061], 3 March 1977, K. E. Fullington, 1 M (INHS: Insect Collection 795636). Scott Co., UT New River, at Norma Rd. 2.8 air mi due S. of TN 63, [36.33986, - 84.38591], 25 January 1997, B. A. Moody, 4 L (INHS: Insect Collection 795555). West Virginia: Mercer Co., [no waterbody], Flat Top, at Turnpike, [37.58119, - 81.11834], 10 March 1959, H. H. Ross, C. A. Ross, 2 F (CNCI). Raleigh Co., Cherry Creek, at I- 77, [37.67823 - 81.11936], 18 February 1990, K. W. Stewart, 1 M, 1 F (INHS: Insect Collection 795560). Adult male (Figs 7 A, 8 A). Macropterous. Length of forewings 7.6 – 8.4 mm (n = 10). Length of body 7.2 – 8.4 mm (n = 10). General body color dark-brown. Head (Figs 7 A, 8 A). Dorsum of head mostly dark-brown. Labrum pale anteriorly, brown posteriorly. Anterior frontoclypeus brown. Frons with a dark-brown U-shaped marking. Antenna longer than body. Scape, pedicel, and flagella dark brown. Scape with a distal notch on anterior face. First flagellum subdivided at distal 1 / 4. Rugosities anterolateral to lateral ocelli and ecdysial suture. Interocellar area uniformly dark-brown and slightly depressed. Occasionally with a pale stripe spanning area between eyes across lateral ocelli and interocellar space. Occiput with brown rugosities. Medial areas of the frons, interocellar surface, and occiput covered with fine, pale, clothing hairs. Thorax (Figs 7 A, 8 A). Pronotum subquadrate, wider than long (length 0.8 X width) with posterior width slightly wider than anterior width; brown overall with brown rugosities. Anterior and posterior margins of pronotal flange often pale. Disk with irregular brown rugosities; a transverse sinuous furrow at anterior 1 / 4. Prosternum moderately sclerotized. Meso- and metathorax dark-brown, heavily sclerotized dorsally and ventrally. Thoracic nota and coxae uniformly covered with sparse, short, fine clothing hairs. Legs with contrasting pigment. Femur pale, distal portion of femur dark brown. Tibia brown, dark brown on proximal and distal portions; apex of tibiae with 2 - stout apical spines. Tarsus dark-brown. Legs uniformly covered with dark, short stout setae. Wings hyaline; venation brown. Forewing with light mottling; without costal crossveins between humeral crossvein and apex of the subcostal vein which may be forked. Hindwing mottling less developed, absent in anal region. Abdomen. First abdominal tergite sclerotized with 2 - submedial pale spots anteriorly, which may be contiguous medially and a thin pale posterior margin (Fig. 7 B). Abdominal segments 1 – 9 lightly covered with short, fine clothing hairs. Terga 2 – 6 uniformly brown; terga 7 – 9 with a well-defined posteromedial membranous cleft; Sterna 2 – 8 with a pair of anterior sublateral oval brown spots. Sternum- 9 with a lightly sclerotized broadly circular vesicle (Fig. 8 C) that is attached to sternum- 9 from directly beneath the vesicle. Sterna 7 – 8 lightly sclerotized. Sternum- 9 elongated into a scooped plate (Fig. 9 D), width subequal from base to apex; apex square with rounded lateral margins (Fig. 8 C); plate with numerous long setae on dorsal and ventral surfaces (Figs 9 A, 9 D); plate covering sternum- 10 ventrally and extending beyond. Terminalia (Figs 9 A – E). Abdominal segment- 10 nested within segment- 9. Anterior margin unsclerotized. Tergal sclerite- 10 with a subtle medial cleft and paired submedial flattened anterior processes with raised scale-like armature (Figs 9 A, 9 C). Cercus 3 – 4 segmented, excluding vestigial apical segment (Figs 9 A, 9 D) and with a low, rounded, posteriorly directed basalcercal process covered in socketed setae and sensilla basiconica (Figs 9 A – B, 9 D – E). Basal plate of tergum- 10 relatively flat, sclerotized with a wrinkled texture (Figs 9 A, 9 C). Lateral struts present, median strut absent, but with a small medial point (Figs 9 A, 9 C). Basal bulb (Figs 9 A – B, 9 E), glabrous, oval, bulbous, moderately sclerotized and with an oval inner bulb bearing a small hollow stalk, which terminates at a pore on the anterior face near the junction of the 2 - anterior epiproct processes. Anterior epiproct prong fused to basal bulb, divided halfway to base, each arm terminating a distal facing sclerotized foot-shaped process that it pointed at its apex and slightly recurved ventrally (Figs 9 A – B, 9 D – E). Posterior epiproct prong subdivided into 2 - processes. Ventral process lightly sclerotized, divided near apex into 2 - glabrous, rounded lobes (Figs 9 A – B, 9 D – E). Dorsal process pouch-like, armed with posteriorly directed spine-like setae with an apical sleeve containing 2 – 3 internal filaments that are not eversible (Figs 9 A – B, 9 D – E); filaments sometimes visible on left side of basal bulb. Paraprocts subdivided into two parts, symmetrical anterior paraprocts and asymmetrical bi-lobed posterior paraprocts. Anterior paraproct, conical, medially directed, evenly tapering to a point (Figs 9 A – B). Posterior paraprocts (Fig. 9 A) subdivided, fused at base. Left outer prong short, flattened and lightly sclerotized. Left inner prong long, flattened, twisted and striated, terminating with an acute sclerotized spine. Right outer prong flattened and moderately sclerotized. Right inner prong tubular, twisted and striated, tapering to apex. Adult female (Fig. 8 B). Macropterous. Length of forewings 9.6 – 9.7 mm (n = 10). Length of body 8.4 – 8.7 mm (n = 10). General body color brown. Overall appearance similar to male. Forewing with light mottling; without costal crossveins between humeral crossvein and apex of the subcostal vein which may be forked (Fig. 8 D). AA 1 vein of forewing with short fine setae ≤ 0.5 mm (Fig. 8 F). Hindwing mottling less developed, absent in anal region. (Fig. 8 D). First abdominal tergite sclerotized with 2 - submedial pale spots anteriorly, which may be contiguous medially and a thin pale posterior margin (Fig. 7 C); terga 2 – 8 uniformly brown dorsomedially; terga 9 – 10 sclerotized dorsally and laterally. Lateral margins of abdomen segments 1 – 8 unsclerotized. Sternum- 8 weakly sclerotized (Fig. 8 E). Subgenital plate weakly sclerotized (Fig. 8 E) with a U-shaped notch and a lightly sclerotized medial tab, which may be enfolded (Fig. 10 B). Sternum- 9 parabolic, produced just beyond the apex of abdominal segment- 10 (Figs 8 E; 10 A); length of free portion of sternum- 9 0.8 X basal width; uniformly covered with long setae that become longer posteriorly; lateral margins slightly narrowing to a broadly rounded apex (Fig. 8 E). Cercus 5 – 6 segmented, excluding vestigial apical segment (Figs 8 E, 9 A). Ovum. Unknown. Mature larva (Fig. 11 A). Length of male body 6.7 – 7.0 mm (n = 10), female body 7.2 – 8.0 mm (n = 10). General color light-brown. Integument glossy, much of the body with sparse, fine, hair-like sensillae and socketed stout setae, observable at> 100 X magnification. Specimens generally preserve in a curled posture with the head touching or approaching the abdomen apex, similar to other Taeniopterygidae. Head (Fig. 11 A). Dorsum of head light-brown with darker brown maculations variously developed. Antelabrum light-brown; anterior margin with a dense brush of golden setae. Postlabrum light-brown. Anterior frontoclypeus pale to light-brown. Frons with a brown U-shaped marking with posterolateral extensions; light-brown subrectangular markings directly anterior to lateral ocelli. Interocellar area diffusely light-brown, pale at junction of ecdysial suture. Occipital area diffusely light-brown and with irregular brown rugosities. Eyes with pigmented ommatidia reduced, not reaching eye margins. Antennal scape, pedicel and flagella brown; dorsobasal apically inserted setae absent (Fig. 11 C); antenna slightly shorter than body (Fig. 11 A). Maxilla (Figs 12 A – B). Lacinia triangular with a straight or slightly convex inner margin. Lacinia with 2 - apical, cupped teeth and 2 – 5 subapical denticles on ventral face (Fig. 12 B square inset). Apical teeth subequal in length; relative length of apical teeth to palm length difficult to discern due to wear. Inner palm margin with 19 - stout socketed marginal setae below apical teeth; first marginal seta robust. Basal 1 / 3 of palm with a cluster of> 10 thin dorsal setae. A single acutely pointed sensilla basiconica on palm surface near the basal 1 / 5. Galea with a dense brush of curved setae on the distal apical margin, which transition to sparse peg-like setae at the apical 1 / 4; a thin patch of setae on inner margin below apical setae, which extends about halfway to base. Length of galea, including apical setae, 1.1 X length of lacinia; width of galea 1.1 X the lacinia width. Maxillary palp with 5 - segments; 1.9 X length of lacinia; palp with sensilla basiconica sparsely scattered over entire surface. Mandible. Right mandible (Fig. 12 C) bicuspid, outer cusp with 3 - teeth, inner cusp with 1 - tooth. Molar pad adorned with marginal rows of pointed acanthae (length 2.1 X width). Palm dorsum with 1 – 9 dorsal sensillae adjacent to molar pad (requires focusing through the mandible) (Fig. 12 C circle inset); the proximal basal corner with a marginal patch of 3 - hair-like, branched setae. Ventro-apical setal patch extending from outer cusp to beyond the inner cusp basally (indicated by dotted line in Fig. 12 C). Left mandible (Fig. 12 D) bicuspid, outer cusp with 5 - teeth, inner cusp with 1 - broad concave tooth. Molar pad with marginal rows of rounded acanthae and long pointed acanthae (length 4.0 X width). Palm dorsum with 1 – 7 sensillae adjacent to molar pad (requires focusing through the mandible) (Fig. 12 D circle inset); the proximal basal corner with a marginal patch of 5 - hair-like, branched setae. Ventro-apical setal patch extending from outer cusp to beyond the inner cusp basally (indicated by dotted line in Fig. 12 D, square inset). Thorax (Fig. 11 A). Pronotum wider posteriorly; light-brown with faint rugosities and a pale posteromedial spot. Length of forewing pad 3.3 X width. Length of hindwing pad 1.8 X width. Venter of thorax pale. Prothoracic presternum mostly glabrous with light-brown spicules laterally and a pair of elongate lateral cervical sclerites. Prothoracic basisternum and furcasternum light-brown; spicules dense medially and sporadic distally. Mesothorax with an oval prefurcasternal pit; light-brown spicules present both anterior and posterior to pit; lateral areas glabrous. Mesothoracic basisternum with light-brown spicules mostly concentrated medially. Furcasternal pit present between mesothoracic legs; furcasternum triangular, as long as wide (length 1.0 X width). Metathoracic basisterna with a medial patch of light-brown spicules and a pair of furcasternal pits. Anterior face of femur generally pale with some darker pigment on the distal and dorsal margins (Fig. 11 D). Femur and tibia with a dorsal fringe of silky setae (not shown); length of femoral setae less than 1 / 2 the width of the femur; length of tibial setae about equal to tibial width. Anterior and posterior faces of the femur with scattered short stout setae. Tibia pale; tibial callus and tibia apex darkened (Fig. 11 D). Tarsus with a sparse dorsal fringe of silky setae (not shown); tarsus light-brown and becoming progressively darker distally. Venter of tibia and tarsus with scattered short stout setae. Abdomen. Dorsum of abdomen usually with contrasting pigmentation, dark anteriorly and lighter posteriorly, most pronounced on terga 6 – 10 (Fig. 11 E). Posterior margins of terga with a single row of short, stout sensillae. Posterior margins of tergum- 8 and tergum- 9 with a pair of thin, erect, submedial setae. Venter of abdomen pale; sterna 1 – 8 with light-brown spicules. Sternum- 9 with an elongate plate (male = length 1.5 X width; female = length 1.5 X width); plate width relative to sternal width (male = 0.9 X; female = 0.8 X). Male plate (Fig. 11 F) with sides slightly widening towards posterior margin of sternum- 9, posterolateral margins convex, evenly rounded towards apex. Female plate (Fig. 11 G) narrower basally, widest at posterior margin of sternum- 9; posterolateral margins convex, evenly narrowing towards apex. Plates of both males and females with stout setae sparse on basal half, becoming denser towards apex. Cercus uniformly brown (Fig. 11 A); dorsobasal apically inserted setae absent (Fig. 11 B); cercus about as long as body (Fig. 11 A).	en	Verdone, Chris J., Williams, Bronwyn W., Beaty, Steven R., Holland, Victor B., Grubbs, Scott A., Dewalt, Edward (2025): The adults, larvae, and systematics of the Nearctic Oemopteryx Klapálek, 1902 (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae). Zootaxa 5595 (1): 1-94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1
6678EB18FFC4FFC0FF527817A7E2FE66.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Oemopteryx bimaculata sp. nov. is defined in the adult male by the paired anterior processes on tergum- 10 in combination with two pale spots on the dorsum of abdominal tergum- 1, which the female also possesses. The larvae are usually separable from O. contorta by the distinctly banded abdominal terga. The larvae differ from O. tuscarora sp. nov. by their darkened tibial callus, a character that is shared by O. contorta.	en	Verdone, Chris J., Williams, Bronwyn W., Beaty, Steven R., Holland, Victor B., Grubbs, Scott A., Dewalt, Edward (2025): The adults, larvae, and systematics of the Nearctic Oemopteryx Klapálek, 1902 (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae). Zootaxa 5595 (1): 1-94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1
6678EB18FFC4FFC0FF527817A7E2FE66.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality (Fig. 13 A). Located in the Southwestern Appalachians Level III ecoregion in Morgan County, Tennessee, Hall Branch drains the west side of Lone Mountain (771 m) and is a tributary to the Emory River. The collection site is 304 m ASL and has a drainage area of 6.42 km 2. Substrate consists primarily of flat boulders and cobbles. The stream is well forested with much of the watershed residing in Lone Mountain State Forest. Water quality at the type locality has not been assessed. Biological notes. Oemopteryx bimaculata sp. nov. is apparently endemic to the Appalachians with records known from the Southwestern Appalachians and Central Appalachians Level III ecoregions ranging from northeastern Alabama to southern West Virginia. Its most northeasterly records are within the Dissected Appalachian Plateau Level IV ecoregion, a potential basis for to delineate the ranges of the new species and O. contorta. The two species are apparently allopatric and although O. contorta is also found in the Central Appalachians, it occurs north and east of Dissected Appalachian Plateau Level IV ecoregion. Elevations of collection locations range between 238 m to 667 m ASL. Larvae have been collected from streams with drainage areas ranging from 3.9 km 2 to 16.8 km 2. Available records suggest adults are active from late January to mid-April. A conservation rank of G 3 was calculated for this species indicating a moderate risk of extinction or collapse due to a somewhat restricted range, relatively few populations, or other factors (NatureServe 2020).	en	Verdone, Chris J., Williams, Bronwyn W., Beaty, Steven R., Holland, Victor B., Grubbs, Scott A., Dewalt, Edward (2025): The adults, larvae, and systematics of the Nearctic Oemopteryx Klapálek, 1902 (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae). Zootaxa 5595 (1): 1-94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1
6678EB18FFCEFFFEFF527D60A120FE8E.taxon	description	(Figs 14 – 19) Dark Willowfly	en	Verdone, Chris J., Williams, Bronwyn W., Beaty, Steven R., Holland, Victor B., Grubbs, Scott A., Dewalt, Edward (2025): The adults, larvae, and systematics of the Nearctic Oemopteryx Klapálek, 1902 (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae). Zootaxa 5595 (1): 1-94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1
6678EB18FFCEFFFEFF527D60A120FE8E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA. — CT, MA, MD, ME, NC, NH, PA, TN, VA, WV (DeWalt et al. 2024) (Fig. 6).	en	Verdone, Chris J., Williams, Bronwyn W., Beaty, Steven R., Holland, Victor B., Grubbs, Scott A., Dewalt, Edward (2025): The adults, larvae, and systematics of the Nearctic Oemopteryx Klapálek, 1902 (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae). Zootaxa 5595 (1): 1-94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1
6678EB18FFCEFFFEFF527D60A120FE8E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Connecticut: Middlesex Co., Lyman’s Brook, East Hampton, [41.57583, - 72.50310], 24 March 1937, H. H. Ross, 1 M (INHS: Plecoptera 6237); same data, 3 L (INHS: Plecoptera 6238); same data, 4 L (INHS: Plecoptera 6239); same data, 4 L (INHS: Plecoptera 6240); same data, 2 L (INHS: Plecoptera 6241). Maryland: Frederick Co., Fishing Creek, W of Lewiston, [39.53230, - 77.47451], 2 March 1958, P. H. Freytag, A. H. Mason, 1 M (UKIC); Fishing Creek, Mountaindale, [39.51938, - 77.45117], 2 March 1958, P. H. Freytag, A. H. Mason, 3 L (UKIC); Fishing Creek, abv. reservoir, Mountaindale, [39.53230, - 77.47451], 2 March 1958, P. H. Freytag, 1 M (UKIC); [Little] Tuscarora Creek, west (northwest) of Yellow Springs, [39.48533, - 77.46820], 20 February 1958, P. H. Freytag, A. H. Mason, 27 L (UKIC); UT Tuscarora Creek, Hamburg Rd., Frederick Municipal Forest, 39.49710, - 77.47465, 9 March 2020, P. N. Hogan, 3 F (WKUC); UT Tuscarora Creek, W of Yellow Springs, [39.47951, - 77.47121], 26 January 1958, P. H. Freytag, 5 L (UKIC); same location, 20 February 1958, P. H. Freytag, A. H. Mason, 10 M, 4 F (UKIC); same location, 23 February 1958, P. H. Freytag, 4 M (UKIC); same location, 29 March 1958, P. H. Freytag, 4 F (UKIC); same location, 13 April 1958, P. H. Freytag, A. H. Mason, 5 F (UKIC). Garrett Co., Bull Glade Run Snaggy Mountain Rd., Garrett State Forest, 39.49162, - 79.45862, 25 February 1996, S. A. Grubbs, 5 L (WKUC); Middle Fork Crabtree Creek, north bank, 150 feet from spring, Savage River State Forest, 39.51461, - 79.15975, 20 March 2020, P. N. Hogan, 1 F (WKUC); UT Murley Run, Garrett State Forest, 39.49568, - 79.46557, 18 March 2020, P. N. Hogan, 1 F (WKUC). Massachusetts: Franklin Co., Dean Branch, Pratt Corner, Cuchman Rd., Amherst Watershed, 42.41863. - 72.47600, 18 February 2023, emerged 22 February 2023, R. E. DeWalt, R. Smith, 1 M, 1 E (INHS: Insect Collection 1505820); same data, emerged 28 February 2023, 1 F (INHS Insect Collection 1505841); same data, emerged 14 March 2023, 1 F (INHS Insect Collection 1505841). New Hampshire: Coos Co., UT Cutler River, John Shelburne Ski Trail, White Mountains National Forest, 44.25960, - 71.28637, 16 June 2021, S. A. Grubbs, L. Myers, 3 F (WKUC). Grafton Co., [no waterbody], Plymouth, [43.75694, - 71.68860], 26 April 1969, [no collector], 1 F (INHS: Insect Collection 795559). North Carolina: Burke Co., Hall Creek, SR 1969, South Mountain State Park, 35.60501, - 81.78294, 17 January 2019, C. Verdone, S. Beaty, V. Holland, B. Kondratieff, 1 F (NCDWR). Caldwell Co., Wilson Creek, Brown Mountain Beech Rd., 35.97978, - 81.76504, 18 January 2019, emerged, 31 January 2019, C. Verdone, S. Beaty, V. Holland, B. Kondratieff, 2 F, 1 E (NCDWR). Graham Co., Wolf Laurel Creek, FS 81 F, Nantahala National Forest, 35.36318, - 83.98268, 2 March 2008, A. L. Sheldon, 1 F (WKUC). Haywood Co., Dark Prong, Pisgah National Forest, 35.32713, - 82.83004, 14 April 2006, J. L. Robinson, 1 F (WKUC); Flat Laurel Creek, off Flat Laurel Creek Trail, 35.31837, - 82.88342, 20 March 2013, A. L. Sheldon, 1 M (WKUC); same data, 35.32434, - 82.89617, 5 M, 4 F (WKUC); same data, 35.31754, - 82.88237, 12 April 2014, 1 F (WKUC); UT Flat Laurel Creek, Big Sam Trail, 35.32311, - 82.89297, 12 April 2014, A. L. Sheldon, 1 F (WKUC); UT Flat Laurel Creek, Little Sam Trail, 35.31664, - 82.89178 12 April 2014, A. L. Sheldon, 2 F (WKUC); UT Flat Laurel Creek, off Flat Laurel Creek Trail, 35.32142, - 82.89275, 20 March 2013, A. L. Sheldon, 3 F (WKUC). Jackson Co., Big Witch Creek, Dobson Rd., 35.51611, - 83.22500, 21 March 2022, R. Tetreault, 1 F (NCDWR); Cullowhee Creek, Picnic Grounds Rd. 35.31387, - 83.18734, 23 January 2024, C. Verdone, V. Holland, D. Harwood, 4 L (NCDWR). Macon Co., Bearpen Branch, FS 711 H, Nantahala National Forest, 35.18183, - 83.62044, 17 March 2013, A. L. Sheldon, 3 F (WKUC); same data; 35.18194, - 83.62048 24 February 2014, 2 F (WKUC); Bearpen Creek, FSR 711, [35.18579, - 83.61411], 5 April 2014, S. Beaty, V. Holland, E. Fleek, 2 F (NCDWR); Middle Creek, 11 [km] SW Highlands, Rt. 106, [35.01325, - 83.31506], 31 January 1963, W. S. Brooks, L. J. Stannard, 1 M (INHS: Plecoptera 6252); White Oak Creek, FS 711, Nantahala National Forest, 35.20191, - 83.58354, 29 February 2008, A. L. Sheldon, 1 F (WKUC); Wine Spring Creek, FS 711 F, Nantahala National Forest, 35.17949, - 83.59764, 23 February 2014, A. L. Sheldon, 1 M, 1 F (WKUC); Wine Spring Creek, FS 711 H, Nantahala National Forest, 35.17964, - 83.61994, 10 April 2014, A. L. Sheldon, 1 F (WKUC); Wine Spring Creek, horse camp nr. FS 711, Nantahala National Forest, 35.17740, - 83.61368, 24 February 2014, A. L. Sheldon, 2 F (WKUC). Rutherford Co., Pool Creek, Bottomless Pool Rd., 35.42897, - 82.22901, emerged 28 January 2019, C. Verdone, S. Beaty, V. Holland, B. Kondratieff, 1 M, 1 F, 1 L, 2 E (NCDWR). Swain Co., Bear Creek, 140 m above campsite 75, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, [35.48709, - 83.59321], 9 March 2003, D. Etnier, 1 F (NCDWR); Bunches Creek, Bunches Creek Rd., 35.53649, - 83.20885, 1 March 2022, C. Verdone, S. Beaty, V. Holland, R. Tetreault, 1 M (NCDWR); Deep Creek, Deep Creek Campground, N Bryson City, [35.46122, - 83.43612], 26 February 2001, B. Kondratieff, R. Zuellig. R. Kirchner, 1 F (CSUIC). Transylvania Co., Coontree Creek, NC 276, 35.28967, - 82.76324, 29 January 2019, C. Verdone, V. Holland, 1 M, 1 F (NCDWR); Davidson River, NC 276, 35.28810, - 82.76286, C. Verdone, V. Holland, 1 M (NCDWR); UT to Greenland Creek, FS trail 488, 35.15451. - 82.00331, C. Verdone, S. Beaty, V. Holland, 1 M (NCDWR); small seep, E. Devils Courthouse Overlook parking lot, 35.30460, - 82.89965, 4 April 2006, J. L. Robinson, M. Geraghty, J. Robinson, 1 M (WKUC). Watauga Co., [no waterbody], Blowing Rock, [36.13513, - 81.67760], 23 March 1940, T. H. Frison, C. O. Mohr, A. W. Hawkins, 1 F, 2 E (INHS: Plecoptera 6242). Yancey Co., Rock Creek, end FS 5521, Pisgah National Forest, 35.77315, - 82.21896, 2 March 2017, A. L. Sheldon, 1 F (WKUC); seeps, Buncombe Trail, Pisgah National Forest, 35.74279, - 82.27468, 27 April 2019, M. L. Metzger, 1 M, 1 F (WKUC); Setrock Creek, Mitchell Trail, 35.75561, - 82.24325, 26 February 2014, A. L. Sheldon, 1 F (WKUC); South Fork Upper Creek, Buncombe Trail, Pisgah National Forest, 35.73634, - 82.27946, 27 April 2019, M. L. Metzger, 1 F (WKUC); South Toe River, Pisgah National Forest, 35.75176, - 82.22039, 2 March 2017, A. L. Sheldon, 4 F (WKUC); Upper Creek, Pisgah National Forest, 35.73162, - 82.25181, 4 March 2017, A. L. Sheldon, 2 F (WKUC). New York: Franklin Co., Dutton Brook, Rt. 3, nr. [Middle] Saranac Lake, [44.25175, - 74.23864], 15 March 2006, L. Myers, R. Younghanz, 1 F (CSUIC). Orange Co., unnamed tributary to Lake Stahehe, CR 106, E. Lake Stahehe, Palisades Interstate Park, 41.23630, - 74.15080, 9 March 2009, emerged 20 March 2009, L. Myers, 3 M, 2 F, 4 L, 2 E (CSUIC). Pennsylvania: Carbon Co., Broad Run, upstream of reservoir, 40.871183, - 75.871289, 2 March 2011, T. Daley, 10 L (NCDWR). Lackawanna Co., White Oak Run, 40 ft above falls, 41.497078, - 75.514229, 4 march 2011, T. Daley, 10 L (NCDWR). Snyder Co., Penns Creek, 40.79885, - 76.85794, 16 April 2014, no collector data, 1 M, 5 F (WKUC). Westmoreland Co., Maul Spring, Powdermill Nature Reserve, 40.13921, - 79.25883, 17 April 1994, S. A. Grubbs, 1 M (WKUC); Powdermill Run, Powdermill Nature Reserve, 40.15171, - 79.27028, 7 April 1993, S. A. Grubbs, 1 F (WKUC); UT Laurel Run, Powdermill Nature Reserve, 40.13406, - 79.27769, 15 April 1997, S. A. Grubbs, 1 M (WKUC); UT Powdermill Run, Powdermill Nature Reserve, 40.14108, - 79.26786, 29 April 1993, S. A. Grubbs, 1 F (WKUC); same data, 17 March 1994, 1 M (WKUC); same data, 8 April 1994, S. A. Grubbs, 2 F, 2 L (WKUC); same data, 3 May 1994, 1 F (WKUC). Wyoming Co., South Brook, 50 m upstream Opossum Brook, 41.41998, - 76.21470, 22 March 2011, T. Daley, 5 L (NCDWR). Tennessee: Sevier Co., Starkey Creek, 0.25 mi above Sams Branch, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, [35.58029, - 83.66040] February 1987, D. Etnier, 3 M (CSUIC). Unicoi Co., Red Fork, FS 230, 36.13904, - 82.29004, 11 April 2014, A. L. Sheldon, 2 F (WKUC). Virginia: Greene Co., [no waterbody], Stanardsville, [38.2974, - 78.44010], 21 March 1940, T. H. Frison, C. O. Mohr, A. W. Hawkins, 5 F (INHS: Plecoptera 6249); same data, 1 F (INHS: Plecoptera 6248; same data, 1 M (INHS: Plecoptera 6250). Grayson Co., Cabin Creek, US 58, 36.607284, - 81.521194, 16 February 2024, C. Verdone, 1 M (NCDWR); Lewis Fork, Jefferson National Forest, 36.68908, - 81.51917, 3 March 2007, A. L. Sheldon, 2 F (WKUC); same data, 36.69414, - 81.51462, 1 M (WKUC); same data, 36.67407, - 81.52554, 1 M, 1 F, 1 L (WKUC); Lewis Fork, at VA- 603 [near Grindstone Gap], Mt. Rogers National Recreation Area, [36.69408, - 81.51479] 18 February 1990, R. F. Kirchner, K. W. Stewart, 1 M (INHS: Insect Collection 795556); Lewis Fork, Rte 603, 36.69455, - 81.51460, 16 February 2024, C. Verdone, 1 M (NCDWR). Montgomery Co., [no waterbody], Brush Mountain, 2 mi W of Blacksburg, [unable to approximate coordinates], 5 March 1961, R. L. Hoffman, 1 M (INHS Plecoptera 6251). Smyth Co., Big Laurel Creek, Rte 603, 36.68190, - 81.56527, 16 February 2024, C. Verdone, 1 M, 1 F (NCDWR). Rappahannock Co., Thornton River, along US- 211 at picnic area, Shenandoah National Park, [38.71333, - 78.15972], 28 February 1975, R. W. Baumann, 2 M, 2 F (INHS Insect Collection 795561); [no waterbody], Sperryville, [38.65694, - 78.22639], 17 March 1940, T. H. Frison, C. O. Mohr, A. W. Hawkins, 2 F (INHS Plecoptera 6244); same data, 1 F, (INHS Plecoptera 6245); same data, 3 M (INHS Plecoptera 6246); same data, 2 L (INHS Plecoptera 6247). Tazewell Co., Cove Creek, Rt. 662, 37.17837, - 81.29900, 14 February 2024, C. Verdone, 9 M, 14 F (NCDWR). Washington Co., Straight Branch, at US- 58, Jefferson National Forest, [36.64579, - 81.73445], 18 February 1990, K. W. Stewart, R. F. Kirchner, 1 M, 4 F, 7 L (INHS: Insect Collection 795562). Wythe Co., Cripple Creek, Speedwell, [36.81834, - 81.17447], 22 May 1940, T. H. Frison, C. O. Mohr, A. W. Hawkins, 1 F (INHS: Plecoptera 6243); East Fork of Reed Creek, 5 mi N Wytheville at Hwy 717, George Washington and Jefferson National Forest, [37.01016, - 81.18438], 17 February 1990, K. W. Stewart, R. F. Kirchner, 5 F (INHS: Insect Collection 795572); East Fork Stony Creek, Rt. 717, 6 mi NW Wytheville, [37.00932, - 81.18248], 3 March 1979, R. Kirchner, 10 M, 2 F, 15 L (CSUIC). East Fork Stony Fork [US Stony Fork Campground] along VA- 717, Jefferson National Forest, [37.00932, - 81.18246], 28 March 1978, R. F. Kirchner, G. T. Voreh, 3 M, 10 F, 3 L (INHS: Insect Collection 795558). West Virginia: Pocahontas Co., Hills Creek, off Hwy 39, Falls of Hills Creek Scenic Area, [38.17764, - 80.33669], 16 February 1990, K. W. Stewart, R. F. Kirchner, 1 F, 1 L (INHS: Insect Collection 795557); North Fork Cherry River, 14 mi W [E] Richwood at WV- 39, [38.19262, - 80.35379], 16 February 1990, K. W. Stewart, R. F. Kirchner, 26 L, INHS Insect Collection 877509). Randolph Co., Trout Run, near Czar, 38.72510, - 80.19430, 24 March 1992, S. M. Clark, 1 F (WKUC). Adult male (Fig. 15 A). Macropterous. Length of forewings 7.9 – 8.8 mm (n = 10). Length of body 6.1 – 9.2 mm (n = 10). General body color dark-brown. Head (Fig. 15 A). Dorsum of head mostly dark-brown. Labrum pale anteriorly, brown posteriorly. Anterior frontoclypeus brown. Frons with a dark-brown U-shaped marking. Antenna longer than body. Scape, pedicel, and flagella dark brown. Scape with a distal notch on anterior face. First flagellum subdivided at distal 1 / 4. Rugosities anterolateral to lateral ocelli and ecdysial suture. Interocellar area uniformly dark-brown and slightly depressed. Occasionally with a pale stripe spanning area between eyes across lateral ocelli and interocellar space. Occiput with brown rugosities. Medial areas of the frons, interocellar surface, and occiput covered with fine, pale, clothing hairs. Thorax (Fig. 15 A). Pronotum subquadrate, wider than long (length 0.8 X width) with posterior width slightly wider than anterior width; brown overall with brown rugosities. Anterior and posterior margins of pronotal flange often pale. Disk with irregular brown rugosities; a transverse sinuous furrow at anterior 1 / 4. Prosternum moderately sclerotized. Meso- and metathorax dark-brown, heavily sclerotized dorsally and ventrally. Thoracic nota and coxae uniformly covered with sparse, short, fine clothing hairs. Legs with contrasting pigment. Femur pale, distal portion of femur with darker pigment. Tibia brown, darker brown on proximal and distal portions; apex of tibiae with 2 - stout apical spines. Tarsus dark-brown. Legs uniformly covered with dark, short stout setae. Wings hyaline; venation brown. Forewing with light mottling; without costal crossveins between humeral crossvein and apex of the subcostal vein which may be forked. Hindwing mottling less developed, absent in anal region. Abdomen. First abdominal tergite with a broad pale stripe medially (Fig. 14 B); terga 2 – 7 uniformly brown; terga 8 – 9 with a posteromedial membranous cleft. Sterna 2 – 8 with a pair of anterior sublateral oval brown spots. Abdominal segments 1 – 9 lightly covered with short, fine clothing hairs. Sternum- 9 with a lightly sclerotized broadly circular vesicle (Fig. 15 C) that is attached to sternum- 9 from directly beneath the vesicle. Sterna 7 – 8 lightly sclerotized. Sternum- 9 elongated into a scooped plate (Fig. 16 D), width subequal from base to apex; apex square with rounded lateral margins (Fig. 15 C); plate with numerous long setae on dorsal and ventral surfaces (Figs 16 A, 16 D); plate covering sternum- 10 ventrally and extending beyond. Terminalia (Figs 16 A – E). Abdominal segment- 10 nested within segment- 9. Anterior margin unsclerotized. Tergal sclerite- 10 with a subtle medial cleft and paired submedial flattened anterior processes with raised scale-like armature (Figs 16 A, 16 C). Cercus 4 - segmented, excluding vestigial apical segment (Figs 16 A, 16 D), and with a low, rounded, posteriorly directed basalcercal process covered in socketed setae and sensilla basiconica (Figs 16 A, 16 D). Basal plate of tergum- 10 relatively flat, sclerotized with a wrinkled texture (Figs 16 A, 16 C). Lateral struts present, median strut absent; basal plate with a small medial point (Figs 16 A, 16 C). Basal bulb (Fig. 16 A), glabrous, oval, bulbous, moderately sclerotized and with an oval inner bulb bearing a small hollow stalk, which terminates at a pore on the anterior face near the junction of the 2 - processes of the anterior epiproct. Anterior epiproct prong fused to basal bulb, divided halfway to base, each arm terminating a distal facing, lightly-sclerotized foot-shaped process that is pointed at its apex and slightly recurved ventrally (Figs 16 A – B, 16 D – E). Posterior epiproct prong subdivided into 2 - processes. Ventral process lightly sclerotized, divided near apex into 2 - glabrous, rounded lobes (Figs 16 A, 16 E). Dorsal process pouch-like, armed with posteriorly directed spine-like setae with an apical sleeve containing 2 – 3 internal filaments that are not eversible; filaments sometimes visible on left side of basal bulb. Paraprocts subdivided into 2 - parts, symmetrical anterior paraprocts and asymmetrical bi-lobed posterior paraprocts. Anterior paraproct, conical, medially directed, tapering to a point (Figs 16 A, 16 E); apical 1 / 4 subequal in width. Posterior paraprocts (Figs 16 A, 16 D) subdivided, fused at base; left outer prong short, flattened and lightly sclerotized; left inner prong long, flattened, twisted and striated, terminating with an acute sclerotized spine; right outer prong flattened and moderately sclerotized. Right inner prong tubular, twisted and striated, tapering to apex. Adult female (Figs 14 A, 15 B). Macropterous. Length of forewings 9.1 – 9.6 mm (n = 10). Length of body 7.7 – 9.1 mm (n = 10). General body color brown. Overall appearance similar to male. Wings hyaline; venation brown; Forewing with light mottling; without costal crossveins between humeral crossvein and apex of the subcostal vein which may be forked (Fig. 15 D). AA 1 vein of forewing with short fine setae ≤ 0.5 mm (Fig. 15 F). Hindwing mottling less developed, absent in anal region (Fig. 15 D). First abdominal tergite with a broad pale stripe medially (Fig. 14 C); terga 2 – 8 uniformly brown dorsomedially; terga 9 – 10 sclerotized dorsally and laterally. Lateral margins of abdomen segments 1 – 8 unsclerotized. Sternum- 8 weakly sclerotized. Subgenital plate weakly sclerotized (Fig. 15 E) with a U-shaped notch and a lightly sclerotized medial tab, which may be enfolded (Figs 17 A – B). Sternum- 9 parabolic, produced just beyond the apex of abdominal segment- 10 (Figs 15 E, 17 A); length of free portion of sternum 0.8 X basal width; uniformly covered with long setae that become longer posteriorly; lateral margins slightly narrowing to a broadly rounded apex. Cercus 5 – 6 segmented, excluding vestigial apical segment (Figs 15 E, 17 A). Ovum. Unknown. Mature larva (Fig. 18 A). Length of male body 7.0 – 8.4 mm (n = 10), female body 7.5 – 8.7 mm (n = 10). General color light-brown. Integument glossy, much of the body with sparse, fine, hair-like sensillae and socketed stout setae, observable at> 100 X magnification. Specimens generally preserve in a curled posture with the head touching or approaching the abdomen apex, similar to other Taeniopterygidae. Head (Fig. 18 A). Dorsum of head light-brown with dark brown maculations variously developed. Antelabrum light-brown; anterior margin with a dense brush of golden setae. Postlabrum light-brown; anterior frontoclypeus pale to light-brown. Frons with a brown U-shaped marking with posterolateral extensions; light-brown subrectangular markings directly anterior to lateral ocelli. Interocellar area diffusely light-brown, pale at junction of ecdysial suture. Occipital area diffusely light-brown and with irregular brown rugosities. Eyes with pigmented ommatidia reduced, not reaching eye margins. Antennal scape, pedicel and flagella brown; dorsobasal apically inserted setae absent (Fig. 18 C); antenna slightly shorter than body (Fig. 18 A). Maxilla (Figs 19 A – B). Lacinia triangular with a straight inner margin. Lacinia with 2 - apical, cupped teeth and 2 – 5 subapical denticles on ventral face. Apical teeth subequal in length; relative length of apical teeth to palm length difficult to discern due to wear. Inner palm margin 19 stout socketed marginal setae below apical teeth; first marginal seta robust. Basal 1 / 3 of palm with a cluster of> 10 thin dorsal setae. A single acutely pointed sensilla basiconica on palm surface near the basal 1 / 5. Galea with a dense brush of curved setae on the distal apical margin, which transition to sparse peg-like setae at the apical 1 / 4; a thin patch of setae on inner margin below apical setae, which extends about halfway to base. Length of galea, including apical setae, 1.1 X length of lacinia; width of galea 1.1 X the lacinia width. Maxillary palp with 5 - segments; 2 X length of lacinia; palp with sensilla basiconica sparsely scattered over entire surface. Mandible. Right mandible (Fig. 19 C) bicuspid, outer cusp with 3 - teeth, inner cusp with 1 - tooth. Molar pad adorned with marginal rows of pointed acanthae (length 2.1 X width). Palm dorsum with 9 – 11 dorsal sensillae adjacent to molar pad (requires focusing through the mandible) (Fig. 19 C circle inset); the proximal basal corner with a marginal patch of 3 - hair-like, branched setae. Ventro-apical setal patch extending from outer cusp to beyond the inner cusp basally (indicated by dotted line in Fig. 19 C). Left mandible (Fig. 19 D) bicuspid, outer cusp with 5 - teeth, inner cusp with 1 - broad concave tooth. Molar pad with marginal rows of rounded acanthae and long pointed acanthae (length 4.0 X width). Palm dorsum with 1 – 12 dorsal sensillae adjacent to molar pad (requires focusing through the mandible) (Fig. 19 D circle inset); the proximal basal corner with a marginal patch of 5 - hair-like, branched setae. Ventro-apical setal patch extending from outer cusp to beyond the inner cusp basally (indicated by dotted line in Fig. 19 D, square inset). Thorax (Fig. 18 A). Pronotum wider posteriorly; light-brown with faint rugosities and a pale posteromedial spot. Length of forewing pad 3.3 X width. Length of hindwing pad 1.8 X width. Venter of thorax pale. Prothoracic presternum mostly glabrous with light-brown spicules laterally and a pair of elongate lateral cervical sclerites. Prothoracic basisternum and furcasternum light-brown; spicules dense medially and sporadic distally. Mesothorax with an oval prefurcasternal pit; light-brown spicules present both anterior and posterior to pit; lateral areas glabrous. Mesothoracic basisternum with light-brown spicules mostly concentrated medially. Furcasternal pit present between mesothoracic legs; furcasternum triangular, as long as wide (length 1.0 X width). Metathoracic basisterna with a medial patch of light-brown spicules and a pair of furcasternal pits. Anterior face of femur usually pale, darker distally; dorsum pale (Fig. 18 D). Femur and tibia with a dorsal fringe of silky setae (not shown); length of femoral setae less than 1 / 2 the width of the femur; length of tibial setae about equal to tibial width. Anterior and posterior faces of the femur with scattered short stout setae. Tibial callus darkened (Fig. 18 D). Tarsus with a sparse dorsal fringe of silky setae (not shown); tarsus light-brown and becoming progressively darker distally. Venter of tibia and tarsus with scattered short stout setae. Abdomen. Dorsum of abdomen usually uniformly light-brown; sometimes darker anteriorly and lighter posteriorly on posterior segments (Fig. 18 E). Posterior margins of terga with a single row of short, stout sensillae. Posterior margins of tergum- 8 and tergum- 9 with a pair of thin, erect, submedial setae. Venter of abdomen pale; sterna 1 – 8 with light-brown spicules. Sternum- 9 with an elongate plate (male = length 1.5 X width; female = length 1.5 X width); plate width relative to sternal width (male = 0.9 X; female = 0.8 X). Male plate (Fig. 18 F) with sides slightly widening towards posterior margin of sternum- 9, posterolateral margins convex, evenly rounded towards apex. Female plate (Fig. 18 G) narrower basally, widest at posterior margin of sternum- 9; posterolateral margins convex, evenly narrowing towards apex. Plates of both males and females with stout setae sparse on basal half, becoming denser towards apex. Cercus uniformly brown; dorsobasal apically inserted setae absent (Fig. 18 B); cercus about as long as body (Fig. 18 A).	en	Verdone, Chris J., Williams, Bronwyn W., Beaty, Steven R., Holland, Victor B., Grubbs, Scott A., Dewalt, Edward (2025): The adults, larvae, and systematics of the Nearctic Oemopteryx Klapálek, 1902 (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae). Zootaxa 5595 (1): 1-94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1
6678EB18FFCEFFFEFF527D60A120FE8E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Oemopteryx contorta is defined in the adult male by the anterior processes on tergum- 10 and by the presence of a distinctive broad pale strip on tergum- 1, which the female also possesses. The larvae are usually separable from O. bimaculata sp. nov. by the concolorous abdominal terga. Oemopteryx contorta also differs from O. tuscarora sp. nov. by its darkened tibial callus, a character it shares with O. bimaculata sp. nov. Biological notes. Oemopteryx contorta is endemic to the Appalachian Mountains with records known from at least five EPA Level III ecoregions (Blue Ridge, Ridge and Valley, Central and North Central Appalachians and the Northeast Highlands), in at least ten states ranging from Tennessee north to Maine. Verdone et al. (2017) reported O. contorta from Georgia, but this record now pertains to O. bimaculata sp. nov. as described above. Oemopteryx contorta is expected to occur in the Blue Ridge EPA Level III ecoregion in Georgia, but no specimens are currently known. Additionally, records of O. contorta from Alabama reported by Grubbs (2006) are considered dubious given their location in the Southwestern Appalachians Level III ecoregion. These specimens could not be located to confirm their identity. Elevations of collection locations range between 135 m to 1720 m ASL. Larvae have been collected from streams with drainage areas ranging from 0.8 km 2 to 104.7 km 2. Nelson (1982) first described the larva of O. contorta and reported a univoltine life cycle for this taxon. Based on known records, O. contorta appears to be allopatric with O. bimaculata and O. tuscarora sp. nov. Both O. contorta and O. bimaculata sp. nov. occur in the Central Appalachians; however, O. contorta appears to be distributed north and east of the Dissected Appalachian Plateau Level IV ecoregion, which may be a basis for which to delineate the ranges of the two species. Available records indicate adults are typically active from mid-January to late April; however, females have been collected as late as mid-June at higher elevations and northern latitudes. The North Carolina Biological Assessment Branch has just one larval record of O. contorta and consequently, a pollution tolerance value is currently unknown for this taxon. NatureServe (2024) has assigned this species a conservation rank of G 4, defined as a low risk of extinction due to its extensive range and numerous populations, but with possible cause for some concern as a result of threats to habitat, or other factors.	en	Verdone, Chris J., Williams, Bronwyn W., Beaty, Steven R., Holland, Victor B., Grubbs, Scott A., Dewalt, Edward (2025): The adults, larvae, and systematics of the Nearctic Oemopteryx Klapálek, 1902 (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae). Zootaxa 5595 (1): 1-94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1
6678EB18FFF0FFF4FF527E48A4EEFAA3.taxon	description	(Figs 20 – 25) Sand Hills Willowfly	en	Verdone, Chris J., Williams, Bronwyn W., Beaty, Steven R., Holland, Victor B., Grubbs, Scott A., Dewalt, Edward (2025): The adults, larvae, and systematics of the Nearctic Oemopteryx Klapálek, 1902 (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae). Zootaxa 5595 (1): 1-94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1
6678EB18FFF0FFF4FF527E48A4EEFAA3.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named in honor of the Tuscarora Nation of North Carolina that lived throughout much of eastern North Carolina and was considered the most powerful and developed tribe in the region (Parramore 2006). The name is used as a noun of feminine gender. The common name “ Sand Hills Willowfly ” is proposed for this species.	en	Verdone, Chris J., Williams, Bronwyn W., Beaty, Steven R., Holland, Victor B., Grubbs, Scott A., Dewalt, Edward (2025): The adults, larvae, and systematics of the Nearctic Oemopteryx Klapálek, 1902 (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae). Zootaxa 5595 (1): 1-94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1
6678EB18FFF0FFF4FF527E48A4EEFAA3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA. — NC (Fig. 6).	en	Verdone, Chris J., Williams, Bronwyn W., Beaty, Steven R., Holland, Victor B., Grubbs, Scott A., Dewalt, Edward (2025): The adults, larvae, and systematics of the Nearctic Oemopteryx Klapálek, 1902 (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae). Zootaxa 5595 (1): 1-94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1
6678EB18FFF0FFF4FF527E48A4EEFAA3.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype M: USA. — North Carolina: Moore Co., Haystack Creek, Camp Reeves, 35.33889, - 79.56610, 4 March 2021, C. Verdone, S. Beaty, V. Holland, J. DeBerardinis (USNM). Paratypes: North Carolina: Hoke Co., Flat Creek, Manchester Rd., 35.18274, - 79.17723, 9 January 2019, C. Verdone. S. Beaty, D. Donahoe, 1 L (NCDWR); same location, 13 February 2019, C. Verdone, S. Beaty, E. Fleek, 1 L (NCDWR). Moore Co., Haystack Creek, nr. Mouth, Camp Reeves, 35.33889, - 79.56610, 6 March 1986, T. McPherson, 10 L (NCDWR); Haystack Creek, Camp Reeves, 35.33889, - 79.56610, 23 February 2021, emerged 24 February 2021, C. Verdone, S. Beaty 1 F, 1 E (NCDWR); same location, 25 February 2021, C. Verdone, S. Beaty, V. Holland, J. DeBerardinis, 28 L (NCDWR); same data, emerged 26 February 2021, 1 M, 1 E (NCDWR); same data, emerged 28 February 2021, 1 M, 1 E (NCDWR); same data, emerged 1 March 2021, 1 M, 1 E (NCDWR); same data, emerged 1 March 2021, 1 F, 1 E (NCDWR); same data, emerged 2 March 2021, 2 F, 2 E (NCDWR); same location, 4 March 2021, emerged 5 March 2021, C. Verdone, S. Beaty, V. Holland, 1 F, 1 E (NCDWR); same data, emerged 8 March 2021, 1 F, 1 E (NCDWR); same data, emerged 9 March 2021, 1 M, 1 E, (NCDWR); same data, emerged 10 March 2021, 1 F, 1 E, (NCDWR); same data, emerged 10 March 2021, 1 F, 1 E, (NCDWR); same data, emerged 12 March 2021, 1 M, 1 E, (NCDWR); same data, emerged 13 March 2021, 1 F, 1 E, (NCDWR); same data, 1 L (NCDWR); same location, 1 April 2021, 1 L (NCDWR); same location, 18 February 2022, C. Verdone, B. Williams, 10 L (NCDWR); same data, emerged 19 February 2022 1 F, 1 E; same data, emerged 21 February 2022, 2 F, 2 E (NCDWR); same data, emerged 23 February 2022, 1 M, 1 F, 2 E (NCDWR); same location, 25 February 2022, C. Verdone, S. Beaty, V. Holland, 3 L (NCDWR); same data, emerged 28 February 2022, 2 F, 2 E (NCDWR); same data, emerged 2 March 2022, C. Verdone, S. Beaty, V. Holland, 1 M, 1 E (NCDWR); same data, emerged 3 March 2022, 1 M, 1 E (NCDWR). Richmond Co., Rocky Ford Branch, Gibson Mill Rd., 35.12360, - 79.66283, 8 February 2023, C. Verdone, V. Holland. D. Harwood, 1 L (NCDWR); Rocky Fork Creek, Gibson Mill Rd., 35.06448, - 79.69316, 8 February 2023, C. Verdone, V. Holland, D. Harwood, 1 L (NCDWR). Adult male (Fig. 21 A). Macropterous. Length of forewings 7.7 – 8.1 mm (n = 6). Length of body 6.1 – 7.9 mm (n = 10). General body color dark-brown. Head. (Fig. 21 A). Dorsum of head mostly dark-brown. Labrum pale anteriorly, brown posteriorly. Anterior frontoclypeus light-brown. Frons with a dark-brown U-shaped marking. Antenna longer than body. Scape, pedicel, and flagella dark brown. Scape with a distal notch on anterior face. First flagellum subdivided at distal 1 / 4. Rugosities anterolateral to lateral ocelli and ecdysial suture. Pale triangular areas distal of lateral ocelli and posterior to ecdysial suture, often appearing rectangular due to darker pigment on anterior half. Interocellar area uniformly dark-brown and slightly depressed. Occiput with dark brown rugosities. Medial areas of the frons, interocellar surface, and occiput covered with fine, pale, clothing hairs. Thorax (Fig. 21 A). Pronotum subquadrate, wider than long (length 0.8 X width) with posterior width slightly wider than anterior width; brown overall with darker rugosities. Anterior and posterior margins of pronotal flange often pale. Disk with irregular dark rugosities; a transverse furrow at anterior 1 / 4. Prosternum moderately sclerotized. Meso- and metathorax dark-brown, heavily sclerotized dorsally and ventrally. Thoracic nota and coxae uniformly covered with sparse, short, fine clothing hairs. Legs with contrasting pigment. Femur pale with an incomplete mottled brown stripe on the anterodorsal and posterodorsal faces; distal portion of femur with darker pigment. Tibia light-brown, darker brown on distally, proximal callus pale; apex of tibiae with 2 - stout apical spines. Tarsus dark-brown. Legs uniformly covered with dark, short stout setae. Wings hyaline; venation brown. Forewing with light mottling; without costal crossveins between humeral crossvein and apex of the subcostal vein which may be forked. Hindwing mottling less developed, absent in anal region. Abdomen. Dorsum of tergum- 1 with a U-shaped pale area (Fig. 20 B). Abdominal segments 1 – 9 lightly covered with short, fine clothing hairs. Terga 2 – 7 uniformly brown; terga 8 – 9 with a posteromedial membranous cleft. Sterna 1 – 9 uniformly brown; sterna 2 – 8 with a pair of anterior sublateral oval brown spots. Sternum- 9 with a lightly sclerotized, broadly circular vesicle (Fig. 21 C) that is attached to sternum- 9 from directly beneath the vesicle. Sternum- 9 elongated into a scooped plate (Fig. 22 D), width subequal from base to apex (Fig. 21 C); apex square with rounded lateral margins (Fig. 22 A); plate with numerous long setae on dorsal and ventral surfaces (Figs 22 A, D); plate covering sternum- 10 ventrally and extending beyond. Terminalia (Figs 22 A – E). Abdominal segment- 10 nested within segment- 9. Anterior margin unsclerotized. Tergal sclerite- 10 with a subtle medial cleft, paired anterior processes absent (Figs 22 A, 22 C). Cercus 4 - segmented, excluding vestigial apical segment (Figs 22 A, 22 D), and with a low, rounded, posteriorly directed basalcercal process covered in socketed setae and sensilla basiconica (Figs 22 A – B, 22 D). Basal plate of tergum- 10 relatively flat, sclerotized with a wrinkled texture (Fig. 22 A). Lateral struts present, median strut absent, but with a small medial point (Fig. 22 A). Basal bulb (Figs 22 A – B), glabrous, oval, bulbous, moderately sclerotized and with an oval inner bulb bearing a small hollow stalk, which terminates at a pore on the anterior face near the junction of the 2 - anterior epiproct processes. Anterior epiproct prong fused to basal bulb, divided halfway to base, each arm terminating an anteriorly facing sclerotized foot-shaped process that it pointed at its apex and recurved ventrally (Figs 22 A – B, 22 D – E). Posterior epiproct prong closely appressed to anterior prong and subdivided into 2 - processes. Ventral process lightly sclerotized, divided near apex into 2 - glabrous, rounded lobes (Figs 22 A – B, 22 D – E). Dorsal process pouch-like, armed with posteriorly directed spine-like setae with an apical sleeve containing 2 – 3 internal filaments that are not eversible (Figs 22 A – B, 22 D – E); filaments sometimes visible on left side of basal bulb. Paraprocts subdivided into 2 - parts, symmetrical anterior paraprocts and asymmetrical, bi-lobed posterior paraprocts. Anterior paraproct, conical, medially directed, evenly tapering to a point (Figs 22 A – B). Posterior paraprocts (Figs 22 A, 22 D) subdivided, fused near bases. Left outer prong short, flattened and lightly sclerotized. Left inner prong long, flattened, twisted and striated, terminating with an acute sclerotized spine. Right outer prong short, flattened and moderately sclerotized. Right inner prong tubular, twisted and striated, tapering to apex. Adult female (Figs 20 A, 21 B). Macropterous. Length of forewings 8.5 – 8.9 mm (n = 6). Length of body 6.9 – 7.5 mm (n = 10). General body color brown. Overall appearance similar to male. Wings hyaline; venation brown. Forewing with light mottling; without costal crossveins between humeral crossvein and apex of the subcostal vein which may be forked (Fig. 21 D). AA 1 vein of forewing with short fine setae ≤ 0.5 mm (Fig. 21 F). Hindwing mottling less developed, absent in anal region (Fig. 21 D). Dorsum of tergum- 1 with a U-shaped pale area (Fig. 20 C); terga 2 – 8 uniformly brown dorsomedially; terga 9 – 10 sclerotized dorsally and laterally. Lateral margins of abdomen segments 1 – 8 unsclerotized. Sternum- 8 weakly sclerotized (Fig. 21 E). Subgenital plate weakly sclerotized (Fig. 21 E), but with a lightly sclerotized medial tab (Figs 23 A – B). Sternum- 9 parabolic, produced just beyond the apex of abdominal segment- 10 (Figs 21 E, 23 A); length of free portion of sternum- 9 0.8 X basal width; uniformly covered with long setae that become longer posteriorly; lateral margins slightly narrowing to a truncated apex. Cercus 4 – 5 segmented, excluding vestigial apical segment (Figs 21 E, 23 A). Ovum. Unknown. Mature larva (Fig. 24 A). Length of male body 5.7 – 7.9 mm (n = 6), female body 7.7 – 9.2 mm (n = 6). General color light-brown. Integument glossy, much of the body with sparse, fine, hair-like sensillae and socketed stout setae, observable at> 100 X magnification. Specimens generally preserve in a curled posture with the head touching or approaching the abdomen apex, similar to other Taeniopterygidae. Head (Fig. 24 A). Dorsum of head light-brown with darker brown maculations variously developed. Antelabrum light-brown; anterior margin with a dense brush of golden setae. Postlabrum pale. Anterior frontoclypeus pale. Frons with a brown U-shaped marking with posterolateral extensions; light-brown subrectangular markings directly anterior to lateral ocelli. Interocellar area diffusely light-brown. Occipital area diffusely light-brown near ecdysial suture and with irregular brown rugosities. Eyes with pigmented ommatidia reduced, not reaching eye margins. A single long seta both anterior and posterior to eyes. Antennal scape brown; scape and flagella light-brown; dorsobasal apically inserted setae absent (Fig. 24 C); antenna slightly shorter than body (Fig. 24 A). Maxilla (Figs 25 A – B). Lacinia triangular with a sinuous inner margin. Lacinia with 2 - apical, cupped teeth and 3 – 4 subapical denticles on ventral face. Apical teeth subequal in length; length of apical teeth 0.3 X palm length and 0.6 X palm width. Inner palm margin with 19 - stout socketed marginal setae below apical teeth; first marginal seta robust. Basal 1 / 3 of palm with a cluster of 6 – 8 thin dorsal setae. A single acutely pointed sensilla basiconica on palm surface near the basal 1 / 4. Galea with a dense brush of curved setae on the distal apical margin, which transition to sparse peg-like setae at the apical 2 / 3; a thin patch of setae on inner margin below apical setae, which extends about halfway to base. Length of galea, including apical setae, 1.3 X length of lacinia; width of galea 1.1 X the lacinia width. Maxillary palp with 5 - segments; 1.7 X length of lacinia; palp with sensilla basiconica developed primarily on the apical and distal margins of each segment; segments 3 – 4 with 1 – 2 short hair-like sensillae. Mandible. Right mandible (Fig. 25 C) bicuspid, outer cusp with 3 - teeth, inner cusp with 1 - tooth. Molar pad adorned with marginal rows of pointed acanthae (length 1.0 X width). Palm dorsum with 4 - dorsal sensillae adjacent to molar pad (requires focusing through the mandible) (Fig. 25 C circle inset); the proximal basal corner with a marginal patch of 3 - hair-like, branched setae. Ventro-apical setal patch extending from outer cusp to beyond the inner cusp basally (indicated by dotted line in Fig. 25 C). Left mandible (Fig. 25 D) bicuspid, outer cusp with 5 - teeth, basal cusp with 1 - broad concave tooth. Molar pad with marginal rows of rounded acanthae and long pointed acanthae (length 2.0 X width). Palm dorsum 4 – 6 dorsal sensillae adjacent to molar pad (requires focusing through the mandible) (Fig. 25 D circle inset); proximal basal corner with a marginal patch of 3 - hair-like, branched setae. Ventro-apical setal patch extending from outer cusp to beyond the inner cusp basally (indicated by dotted line in Fig. 25 D, square inset). Thorax (Fig. 24 A). Pronotum wider posteriorly; light-brown with faint rugosities; Length of forewing pad 3.3 X width; length of hindwing pad 1.8 X width. Venter of thorax pale. Prothoracic presternum mostly glabrous with light-brown spicules laterally and a pair of elongate lateral cervical sclerites. Prothoracic basisternum and furcasternum light-brown; spicules dense medially and sporadic distally. Mesothorax with an oval prefurcasternal pit; light-brown spicules present both anterior and posterior to pit; lateral areas glabrous. Mesothoracic basisternum with light-brown spicules mostly concentrated medially. Furcasternal pit present between mesothoracic legs; furcasternum triangular, longer than wide (length 1.2 X width). Metathoracic basisterna with a medial patch of light-brown spicules and a pair of furcasternal pits. Anterior face of femur usually pale, darker distally (Fig. 24 D). Femur and tibia pale and with a fringe of silky setae (not shown); length of femoral setae about 1 / 2 the width of the femur; length of tibial setae about equal to tibial width. Anterior and posterior faces of the femur with scattered short stout setae. Tibial callus pale (Fig. 24 D). Tarsus with a sparse dorsal fringe of silky setae (not shown); tarsus pale to light-brown and becoming progressively darker towards distal half of tarsal segment 3. Venter of tibia and tarsus with scattered short stout setae. Abdomen. Dorsum of abdomen uniformly light-brown (Fig. 24 E). Posterior margins of terga with a single row of short, stout sensillae. Posterior margins of tergum- 8 and tergum- 9 with a pair of thin, erect, submedial setae. Venter of abdomen pale; sterna 1 – 8 with light-brown spicules. Sternum- 9 with an elongate plate (male = length 1.7 X width; female = length 1.9 X width); plate width relative to sternal width (male = 0.8 X; female = 0.8 X). Male plate (Fig. 24 F) with sides parallel past the posterior margin of sternum- 9, posterolateral margins convex, evenly rounded towards apex. Female plate (Fig. 24 G) narrower basally, widest at posterior margin of sternum- 9; posterolateral margins convex, evenly narrowing towards apex. Plates of both males and females with short stout setae sparse basally, becoming denser towards apex. Cercus uniformly brown; dorsobasal apically inserted setae absent (Fig. 24 B); cercus longer than body (Fig. 24 A).	en	Verdone, Chris J., Williams, Bronwyn W., Beaty, Steven R., Holland, Victor B., Grubbs, Scott A., Dewalt, Edward (2025): The adults, larvae, and systematics of the Nearctic Oemopteryx Klapálek, 1902 (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae). Zootaxa 5595 (1): 1-94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1
6678EB18FFF0FFF4FF527E48A4EEFAA3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Oemopteryx tuscarora sp. nov. is defined in the adult male by the lack of paired anterior processes on tergum- 10 in addition to a U-shaped pale area on tergum- 1, which the female also possesses. The larvae are defined by their pale tibial callus.	en	Verdone, Chris J., Williams, Bronwyn W., Beaty, Steven R., Holland, Victor B., Grubbs, Scott A., Dewalt, Edward (2025): The adults, larvae, and systematics of the Nearctic Oemopteryx Klapálek, 1902 (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae). Zootaxa 5595 (1): 1-94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1
6678EB18FFF0FFF4FF527E48A4EEFAA3.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality (Figs 24 A – C). Haystack Creek is a small ecotonal tributary of Suck Creek located within the Boy Scouts of America Camp Reeves property in Moore County, North Carolina. The collection site is 152 m ASL and has a drainage area of just 1.7 km 2 before it flows into John Beard Lake. The creek possesses characteristics of streams from both the Slate Belt and Sand Hills Level IV ecoregions. Substrates consist of gravel, sand, cobble, petrified wood, woody debris and coarse particulate organic matter. Water quality at the type locality has been assessed four times since 1984 using North Carolina Biotic Index protocols (Lenat 1993; NCDEQ 2016). In April 2024, Haystack Creek rated “ Good ” boasting an EPT richness of 26 taxa. In total, at least 125 aquatic taxa have been recorded from the site. Other notable stoneflies collected from the creek include Leuctra alta James, 1974, Prostoia hallasi Kondratieff & Kirchner, 1984, Zealeuctra uwharrie Verdone, Beaty, Holland & Kondratieff, 2019, and an undescribed species of Isoperla Banks, 1906. Haystack Creek is the only location where a robust population of the new species occurs and while half the watershed is conserved as a Boy Scout camp, the other half is managed for timber. The southwest side of the watershed was clear cut in 2023 and additional logging is planned for 2025. The North Carolina Biological Assessment Branch is currently studying the impact of the clearing on the macroinvertebrate assemblage. Biological notes. Though many streams were surveyed, O. tuscarora sp. nov. has only been recorded from three locations in the Sand Hills Level IV ecoregion in North Carolina, where it is thought to be endemic. Due to the few known occurrences, a pollution tolerance value is currently unknown for this taxon. Elevations of collection locations range between 60 m to 152 m ASL. Based on known records, the new species appears to be allopatric with O. contorta, which occurs in the mountainous ecoregions of the Appalachians. Available records indicate adults are active from late February to mid-March. Larvae were most common in clean gravel riffles and have been collected from streams with drainage areas ranging from 1.7 km 2 to 22.9 km 2. Larvae were not present in benthic samples during the late spring through the end of October 2024, suggesting egg or larval diapause to survive low water levels and high summer temperatures that affect the small streams from which this species in known. The species appears to exhibit a univoltine life cycle. Because of its rarity and geographic location, O. tuscarora sp. nov. is vulnerable to extirpation due to habitat loss and climate change. Much of the general area including the type locality are subject to periodic timber harvesting. This combined with changes to precipitation patterns and increasing temperatures could pose a threat to the long term viability of this little known animal. A conservation rank of G 1 was calculated for this species indicating a high risk of extinction or collapse because of an exceptionally narrow range and few populations or occurrences (NatureServe 2020). The O. glacialis Group	en	Verdone, Chris J., Williams, Bronwyn W., Beaty, Steven R., Holland, Victor B., Grubbs, Scott A., Dewalt, Edward (2025): The adults, larvae, and systematics of the Nearctic Oemopteryx Klapálek, 1902 (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae). Zootaxa 5595 (1): 1-94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1
6678EB18FFFAFFE3FF527A78A6A7FF6A.taxon	description	Saskatoon Willowfly	en	Verdone, Chris J., Williams, Bronwyn W., Beaty, Steven R., Holland, Victor B., Grubbs, Scott A., Dewalt, Edward (2025): The adults, larvae, and systematics of the Nearctic Oemopteryx Klapálek, 1902 (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae). Zootaxa 5595 (1): 1-94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1
6678EB18FFFAFFE3FF527A78A6A7FF6A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Canada — AB, MB, SK. USA. — CO, MT, ND, UT (Fig. 27)	en	Verdone, Chris J., Williams, Bronwyn W., Beaty, Steven R., Holland, Victor B., Grubbs, Scott A., Dewalt, Edward (2025): The adults, larvae, and systematics of the Nearctic Oemopteryx Klapálek, 1902 (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae). Zootaxa 5595 (1): 1-94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1
6678EB18FFFAFFE3FF527A78A6A7FF6A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Canada — Alberta: Athabasca Co., Athabasca River, Athabasca, [54.72233, - 113.28583], 7 April 1999, E. Fuller, 12 M, 1 F (CSUIC). City of Edmonton, Edmonton, North Saskatchewan River, [53.53990, - 113.48193], 10 April 1993, E. Fuller, 10 M, 3 F (CSUIC). USA. — Colorado: Mesa Co., Dolores River, [Hwy 121] at Gateway, [38.68051, - 108.98019], 3 March 1990, B. Kondratieff, J. Welch, 26 M, 12 F, 16 L (CSUIC); same location, 17 March 2011, B. Kondratieff, R. Durfee, 1 M (CSUIC). Moffat Co., Yampa River, Deerlodge [Park Campground], Dinosaur National Monument, [40.44637, - 108.51164], Nelson, Anderson, 5 M, 1 F (CSUIC). Montezuma Co., San Juan River, Hwy 160, Four Corners, [37.00245, - 109.03225] March 2001, B. Kondratieff, 7 F (CSUIC). Montrose Co., Dolores River, [Hwy 141] at Mesa Creek, [38.43767, - 108.83944], 3 March 1990, B. Kondratieff, J. Welch, 4 M, 1 F, 17 L (CSUIC); Dolores River, at Bedrock [Hwy 90], [38.31048, - 108.88575], 3 March 1990, B. Kondratieff, J. Welch, 8 M, 4 F (CSUIC). North Dakota: Billings Co., Little Missouri River, Medora, [46.916613, - 103.53161], 9 March 1998, C. Milue, 3 M, 1 F (CSUIC). Utah: Grand Co., Colorado River, Hwy 128, mi 4.5, [38.62413, - 109.51324], 9 March 1995, S. Fitzgerald, A. Foley, 20 F (CSUIC). San Juan Co., San Juan River, Hwy 191, Sand Island Campground, 37.25812, - 109.61926, 11 March 2017, C. Verdone, F. Lichtner, 1 F (CSUIC). Wyoming: Big Horn Co., Big Horn River, Hwy 30 at Basin, [44.38146, - 108.03502], 10 March 2000, B. Kondratieff, Doyle, 1 M (CSUIC). Carbon Co., Medicine Bow River, CR 291 at gauging station, [42.01006, - 106.51310], 7 March 2006, D. Rees, 1 M (CSUIC). Johnson Co., South Fork Powder River, I- 25 at mile marker 246, [43.62865, - 106.5724], 16 April 2010, B. Kondratieff, R. Durfee, 8 F (CSUIC). Sheridan Co., Goose Creek, Fort [Rd.], Sheridan, [44.82108, - 106.96170], 15 April 2015, B. Kondratieff, R. Durfee, 1 F (CSUIC). Adult male (Fig. 28 A). Forewing brachypterous. Length of forewings 1.9 – 2.5 mm (n = 10). Length of body 8.1 – 8.9 mm (n = 10). General body color brown to dark-brown. Head (Fig. 28 A). Dorsum of head mostly dark-brown. Labrum pale anteriorly, brown submedial spots posteriorly. Anterior frontoclypeus light-brown. Frons brown with a dark-brown U-shaped marking. Antenna longer than body. Scape, pedicel, and flagella yellow-brown to dark brown. Scape with a distal notch on anterior face. First flagellum subdivided at distal 1 / 4. Triangular raised rugosities anterolateral to lateral ocelli and ecdysial suture. Interocellar area uniformly dark-brown and slightly depressed. Occiput with dark brown rugosities. Medial areas of the frons, interocellar surface, and occiput covered with fine, pale, clothing hairs. Thorax (Fig. 28 A). Pronotum subquadrate, wider than long (length 0.8 X width) with posterior width marginally wider than anterior width; brown overall with darker rugosities. Outer margins of pronotal flange often pale. Disk with irregular dark rugosities. Prosternum moderately sclerotized. Meso- and metathorax brown, heavily sclerotized dorsally and moderately sclerotized ventrally. Thoracic sterna and coxae uniformly covered with short, fine clothing hairs and longer brown setae. Legs brown, generally concolorous. Femur with an incomplete mottled brown stripe on the anterodorsal and posterodorsal faces. Tibia brown; apex of tibiae with 2 - stout apical spines. Tarsus brown. Legs uniformly covered with dark, short stout setae. Wings hyaline; venation yellow-brown to brown; mottling absent. Forewing brachypterous, extending to at least the posterior margin of tergum- 1; apex of forewing acutely pointed or rounded; upturned portion of forewing> 1 / 3 total wing length. Hindwing extending beyond abdominal segment- 10; pleated anal region absent. Abdomen. Abdominal terga and sterna 1 – 9 uniformly brown. Abdominal segments 1 – 9 lightly covered with short, brown setae. Sterna 2 – 8 with a pair of anterior sublateral oval brown spots. Terga 6 – 9 with a concave anterior margin. Vesicle absent on sternum- 9 (Fig. 28 C). Sternum- 9 elongated into a scooped plate (Fig. 29 D), width widest at mid-length, apex broadly rounded, overall shape circular, ventrally (Fig. 28 C); dorsally, apex broadly rounded medially and enfolded anteriorly; plate with numerous long setae on dorsal and ventral surfaces (Figs 28 C; 29 A, D); plate covering sternum- 10 ventrally and extending beyond. Terminalia (Figs 29 A – E). Abdominal segment- 10 nested within segment- 9. Tergal sclerite- 10 moderately sclerotized with a heavily sclerotized medial cleft (Fig. 29 C); paired anterior processes absent. Cercus 5 – 7 segmented, excluding vestigial apical segment (Figs 29 A, 29 D), and with a small, finger-like, posteriorly directed basalcercal process covered in socketed setae and sensilla basiconica (Figs 29 A, 29 D – E). Basal plate of tergum- 10 slightly produced dorsally, sclerotized with a medial furrow (Fig. 29 A). Lateral struts present, median strut present (Fig. 29 A). Basal bulb fused to anterior epiproct, covered in minute raised armature (Figs 29 A – B, 29 E), oval, bulbous, moderately sclerotized and with an oval inner bulb bearing a small hollow stalk, which terminates at a pore on the anterior face near the apex of the anterior epiproct. Anterior epiproct dorsoventrally flattened, widening laterally towards apex; apex with a rounded medial projection that is> 1 / 3 epiproct width (Figs 29 A – B). Posterior epiproct prong divided near apex into dorsal and ventral processes (Figs 29 A – B, 29 D – E). Apex of ventral process with a pair of bulbous lobes that are deeply divided medially, sclerotized ventrally and membranous with scale-like setae dorsally (Figs 29 A – B). Dorsal process pouch-like, armed with posteriorly directed spine-like setae with an apical sleeve containing 2 - internal eversible filaments; filament (s) generally not visible inside of basal bulb. Paraprocts subdivided into 2 - parts, symmetrical anterior paraprocts and asymmetrical multi-lobed posterior paraprocts. Anterior paraproct, sub-rectangular medially directed, narrowing apically to a truncate apex with a rounded anterior margin and angulate posterior margin (Fig. 29 A). Posterior paraprocts (Fig. 29 A) with 3 - prongs, variously fused. Left outer prong broad, flat, concave posteriorly, apex scoop-shaped, directed anteriorly. Left middle prong projecting from the posterior proximal edge of outer prong, twisted, flat, lightly sclerotized, concave anteriorly, apex scoop-shaped. Left inner prong a sclerotized ridge bearing ~ 20 long stout golden setae, arising from the base on the posterior face of the posterior paraproct. Right outer prong, moderately sclerotized, C-shaped laterally, with a round, distally recurved apical projection. Right middle prong projecting from the posterior proximal edge of the right outer prong, tubular, twisted and tapering to apex. Right inner prong a raised sclerotized ridge bearing ~ 20 long stout golden setae. Adult female (Fig. 28 B). Macropterous. Length of forewings 11.6 – 12.1 mm (n = 10). Length of body 6.2 – 8.5 mm (n = 10). General body color brown. Overall appearance similar to male. Wings hyaline; mottling absent. Forewing without costal crossveins between humeral crossvein and apex of the subcostal vein which may be forked (Fig. 28 D). AA 1 vein of forewing with long fine setae ≥ 1.0 mm (Fig. 28 F). Hindwing mottling absent (Fig. 28 D). Lateral margins of abdomen unsclerotized. Sternum- 8 sclerotized laterally (Fig. 28 E). Subgenital plate lightly to moderately sclerotized medially (Fig. 28 E); moderately produced posteriorly; posterior margin typically with a shallow medial concavity (Figs 28 E, 30 A – B). Sternum- 9 produced just beyond the paraproct bases; free portion of sternum (length 1.0 X width); uniformly covered with long setae that become longer posteriorly; lateral margins slightly narrowing to a rounded apex. Cercus 7 – 8 segmented, excluding vestigial apical segment (Figs 28 E, 30 A). Ovum. Unknown. Mature larva (Fig. 31 A). Length of male body 7.3 – 8.4 mm (n = 6), female body 9.6 – 10.9 mm (n = 6). General color light-brown to yellow. Integument glossy, much of the body with sparse, fine, hair-like sensillae and socketed stout setae, observable at> 100 X magnification. Specimens generally preserve in a curled posture, rarely with the head touching or approaching the abdomen apex. Head (Fig. 31 A). Dorsum of head light-brown with darker brown maculations variously developed. Antelabrum light-brown; anterior margin with a dense brush of golden setae. Postlabrum pale. Anterior frontoclypeus pale; brown subrectangular markings directly anterior to lateral ocelli. Interocellar area diffusely light-brown, pigment extends anterolateral of median ocellus; pale area at junction of ecdysial suture. Occipital area diffusely light-brown and with irregular brown rugosities. Eyes with pigmented ommatidia reduced, not reaching eye margins. A single long seta both anterior and posterior to eyes. Scape, pedicel and flagella pale yellow-brown; dorsobasal apically inserted setae present (Fig. 31 C); antenna slightly shorter than body (Fig. 31 A). Maxilla (Figs 32 A – B). Lacinia triangular with a straight inner margin. Lacinia with 2 - apical, cupped teeth and 2 – 4 subapical denticles on ventral face. Apical teeth subequal in length; relative length of apical teeth to palm length difficult to discern due to wear. Inner palm margin with 11 - stout socketed marginal setae below apical teeth; first marginal seta robust. Basal 1 / 3 of palm with a cluster of> 10 thin dorsal setae. Acutely pointed sensilla basiconica below apical teeth and on inner palm margin near the middle. A single acutely pointed sensilla basiconica on palm surface near the basal 1 / 5. Galea with a dense brush of curved setae on the distal apical margin, which transition to sparse peg-like setae at the apical 1 / 4; a thin patch of setae on inner margin below apical setae, which extends about halfway to base. Length of galea, including apical setae, 1.1 X length of lacinia; width of galea 1.1 X the lacinia width. Maxillary palp with 5 - segments; 2.2 X length of lacinia; palp sensilla basiconica on distal and apical margins. Mandible. Right mandible (Fig. 32 C) bicuspid, outer cusp with 2 – 3 teeth, inner cusp with 1 - tooth. Molar pad adorned with marginal rows of truncate acanthae (length 1.0 X width). Palm dorsum with 4 – 6 dorsal sensillae adjacent to molar pad (requires focusing through the mandible) (Fig. 32 C circle inset); the proximal basal corner with a marginal patch of 3 – 5 hair-like, branched setae. Ventro-apical setal patch extending from outer cusp to beyond the inner cusp basally (indicated by dotted line in Fig. 32 C). Left mandible (Fig. 32 D) bicuspid, outer cusp with 4 - teeth, inner cusp with 1 - triangular tooth. Molar pad with marginal rows of rounded acanthae and long pointed acanthae (length 4.5 X width). Ventral face of molar pad with 6 – 9 conical acanthae on (Fig. 32 D square inset). Palm dorsum with 1 – 2 dorsal sensillae adjacent to molar pad (requires focusing through the mandible) (Fig. 32 D circle inset); the proximal basal corner with a marginal patch of 4 – 5 hair-like, branched setae. Ventro-apical setal patch extending from outer cusp to beyond the inner cusp basally (indicated by dotted line in Fig. 32 D). Thorax (Fig. 31 A). Pronotum marginally wider posteriorly; light-brown with faint rugosities and a pale posteromedial spot. Length of forewing pad male = 1.7 X; female = 3.9 X width. Length of hindwing pad male = 2.4 X; female = 2.3 X width. Venter of thorax pale. Prothoracic presternum mostly glabrous with a pair of elongate lateral cervical sclerites. Prothoracic basisternum and furcasternum light-brown; spicules if present, indistinct. Mesothorax with an oval prefurcasternal pit. Mesothoracic basisternum with light-brown spicules mostly concentrated medially. Furcasternal pit present between mesothoracic legs; furcasternum triangular, wider than long (length 0.5 X width). Metathoracic basisterna with a pair of furcasternal pits. Femur and tibia generally pale (Fig. 31 D) and with a fringe of silky setae (not shown); length of femoral setae less than 1.5 X the width of the femur; length of tibial setae about 1.4 X tibial width. Anterior and posterior faces of the femur with scattered short stout setae. Tibial callus pale (Fig. 31 D). Tarsus with a sparse dorsal fringe of silky setae (not shown); tarsus pale (Fig. 31 D). Venter of tibia and tarsus with scattered short stout setae. Abdomen. Dorsum of abdomen uniformly light-brown (Fig. 31 E). Posterior margins of terga with a single row of short, stout sensillae. Posterior margins of terga 8 – 10 with a pair of thin, erect, submedial setae. Venter of abdomen pale; sterna 7 – 8 lacking conspicuous sensillae (Fig. 31 F); Sternum- 9 with an elongate plate (male = length 1.4 X width; female = length 1.5 X width); plate width relative to sternal width (male = 0.8 X; female = 0.8 X). Male plate (Fig. 31 G) with sides slightly widening towards posterior margin of sternum- 9, posterolateral margins convex, evenly rounded towards apex. Female plate (Fig. 31 H) narrower basally, widest at posterior margin of sternum- 9; posterolateral margins convex, evenly narrowing towards apex. Plates of both males and females with stout setae sparse on basal half, becoming denser towards apex. Cercus uniformly pale yellow-brown; dorsobasal apically inserted setae present (Fig. 31 B); cercus about as long as body (Fig. 31 A).	en	Verdone, Chris J., Williams, Bronwyn W., Beaty, Steven R., Holland, Victor B., Grubbs, Scott A., Dewalt, Edward (2025): The adults, larvae, and systematics of the Nearctic Oemopteryx Klapálek, 1902 (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae). Zootaxa 5595 (1): 1-94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1
6678EB18FFFAFFE3FF527A78A6A7FF6A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Oemopteryx fosketti is defined in the adult male by the lack of a vesicle, brachypterous forewings, the upturned portion of forewing being> 1 / 3 total wing length, the medial apical lobe of anterior epiproct being> 1 / 3 epiproct width, the apical lobes of posterior epiproct being divided by a deep furrow and the free portion of sternum- 9 being circular ventrally. The female is distinguished by having long fine setae ≥ 1 mm extending to the base of AA 1 vein. The larvae are defined by having a pale third tarsal segment, and abdominal sterna 7 – 8 lacking conspicuous sensillae. Taxonomic notes. The larva of O. fosketti was first described by Dosdall & Lehmkuhl (1979) from specimens collected in Saskatchewan, Canada. They described the larva as being dark brown to nearly black, which is apparently incorrect or an eco-phenotype. Their material, while abundant, consisted of emergent larvae, in which adult characters including coloration can be seen through the larval cuticle. Their illustration of the antennal scape (fig. 155) shows dark pigment laterally. Among the material examined in the current study this pigment was only observed in late instar larvae and was developed beneath the larval cuticle, which we concluded was adult pigmentation. Care should be taken when using the larval sternal sensillae character as adults will have sensillae in these locations. However, if viewed laterally, adult characters will be observed to be beneath the larval cuticle. Biological notes. Oemopteryx fosketti is endemic to the uplands, plateaus, and plains associated with the Rocky Mountains. Records are known from the Four Corners area of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico and Utah north to Saskatchewan and Alberta, Canada. Elevations of collection locations range between 466 m to 1957 m ASL. Based on known records, O. fosketti appears to be allopatric with O. glacialis with which it is most similar morphologically. Available records indicate adults are active from early March to late April. Larvae have been collected from streams with drainage areas ranging from 11,292 km 2 to 35,601 km 2. Dosdall & Lehmkuhl (1979) documented several life history strategies for the species in Saskatchewan including protandry and fully mature eggs in emergent female larvae. They also hypothesized a univoltine life cycle with larval diapause for O. fosketti. NatureServe (2024) has assigned this species a conservation rank of G 5, defined as having a low risk of extinction due to its wide ranging distribution and little concern from populations declines, or threats to habitat.	en	Verdone, Chris J., Williams, Bronwyn W., Beaty, Steven R., Holland, Victor B., Grubbs, Scott A., Dewalt, Edward (2025): The adults, larvae, and systematics of the Nearctic Oemopteryx Klapálek, 1902 (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae). Zootaxa 5595 (1): 1-94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1
6678EB18FFEDFF9AFF527E6CA425FF22.taxon	description	(Figs 34 – 38) Canadian Willowfly	en	Verdone, Chris J., Williams, Bronwyn W., Beaty, Steven R., Holland, Victor B., Grubbs, Scott A., Dewalt, Edward (2025): The adults, larvae, and systematics of the Nearctic Oemopteryx Klapálek, 1902 (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae). Zootaxa 5595 (1): 1-94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1
6678EB18FFEDFF9AFF527E6CA425FF22.taxon	description	1942: 251. Taeniopteryx alex: Claassen 1940: 39. Taeniopteryx glacialis: Claassen 1940: 43. Nemoura (Brachyptera) glacialis: Frison 1942: 251. Taeniopteryx (Brachyptera) glacialis: Harden 1942: 321. Brachyptera (Oemopteryx) glacialis: Ricker 1952: 158. Oemopteryx glacialis: Illies 1966: 63. Nemoura (Brachyptera) glacialis: Kimmins 1970: 343. Oemopteryx glacialis: Zwick 1973: 313. Oemopteryx glacialis: Kondratieff & Kirchner 1987: 27. Oemopteryx glacialis: Kondratieff & Kirchner 1988: 205. Oemopteryx glacialis: Grubbs & Bright 2003: 78. Oemopteryx glacialis: Myers, Kondratieff, Mihuc & Ruiter 2011: 96. Oemopteryx glacialis: Grubbs, Pessino & DeWalt 2012: 165.	en	Verdone, Chris J., Williams, Bronwyn W., Beaty, Steven R., Holland, Victor B., Grubbs, Scott A., Dewalt, Edward (2025): The adults, larvae, and systematics of the Nearctic Oemopteryx Klapálek, 1902 (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae). Zootaxa 5595 (1): 1-94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1
6678EB18FFEDFF9AFF527E6CA425FF22.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Canada — NB, NS, ON, QC. USA. — CT, MA, MI, MN, NH, NY, VT, WI, WV (DeWalt et al. 2024 in part) (Fig. 33)	en	Verdone, Chris J., Williams, Bronwyn W., Beaty, Steven R., Holland, Victor B., Grubbs, Scott A., Dewalt, Edward (2025): The adults, larvae, and systematics of the Nearctic Oemopteryx Klapálek, 1902 (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae). Zootaxa 5595 (1): 1-94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1
6678EB18FFEDFF9AFF527E6CA425FF22.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Canada — Nova Scotia: Colchester County, Salmon River, [Valley Rd.], 45.38938, - 63.18037], 25 March 2016, J. Ogden, 1 M (CSUIC). Quebec: Les Pays-d’en-Haut Regional County Municipality, Riverie Du Nord, 1.0 km SE Saine-Adele, at Rue Vallee Du Golf, 45.94328, - 74.12445, 21 March 2016, R. E. DeWalt, P. P. Harper, 3 M, 1 F (INHS: Insect Collection 659063). Le Haut-Saint-Laurent Regional County Municipality, Trout River, Chemin 1 st Concession, 45.00828, - 74.31238, 22 March 2016, R. E. DeWalt, P. P. Harper, 3 M, 1 F (INHS: Insect Collection 659117). USA. — Minnesota: Pine Co., Snake River, 8.6 km NW Grantsburg, 200 m upstream St. Croix River, 45.82306, - 92.77001, 23 March 2013, E. J. South, R. E. DeWalt, 5 M (INHS Insect Collection 631289). New York: Clinton Co., North Branch Great Chazy River, Moores at Wood Falls Rd., 44.95646, - 73.63919, 23 March 2016, R. E. DeWalt, 2 M (INHS: Insect Collection 659142); Little Chazy River, Rt. 22 West Chazy, [44.82211, - 73.509017], 14 March 2007, L. Myers, 2 M (CSUIC); Salmon River, US 9 South of Plattsburgh, [44.62795, - 73.44752], 1 April 2008, M. Malchoff, 2 M (CSUIC); Salmon River, Salmon River Rd., 44.64010, - 73.49470, 16 March 2012, L. Myers, 32 M (CSUIC); [Saranac River], Silver Lake Rd., [44.54532, - 73.86182], 15 March 2005, L. Myers, R. Younghanz, 9 L (CSUIC); same location, 12 March 2006, L. Myers, 2 M (CSUIC); Saranac River, Rt. 3 & Strackville Rd., [44.60540, - 73.80239], 12 March 2007, L. Myers, 1 M, 3 F (CSUIC). Essex Co., Bouquet River, Rt. 22, Willsboro, 44.36370, - 73.39080, 16 March 2012, L. Myers, 6 M (CSUIC); North Branch Bouquet River, US 9 & Trout Pond Rd., 44.35300, - 73.54378, 12 March 2007, L. Myers, J. Myers, 2 F (CSUIC). Franklin Co., Develin Brook, Rt. 11 b, West of Bangor, 44.80030, - 74.44540, 18 March 2008, L. Myers, R. Mowrey, 1 M (CSUIC). Hamilton Co., Sacandaga River, Jct. Rt. 8 & Rt. 30, 43.44530, - 74.25244, B. Kondratieff, L. Myers, 4 M (CSUIC). Herkimer Co., West Canada Creek, Jct. Rt. 28 & Rt. 8, [43.23088, - 75.08965], 12 March 2012, L. Myers, B. Kondratieff, 1 M (CSUIC). Lewis Co., East Branch Fish Creek, Osceola Rd., Lewis, [43.46239, - 75.59737], 31 March 2009, L. Myers, 2 M, 3 F (CSUIC). Oneida Co., Mohawk River, Stokes Westernville Rd., North Westernville, 43.3116, - 75.3816, 18 March 2009, L. Myers, 1 M (CSUIC); West Branch Fish Creek, Brewer Rd., SE Camden, 43.32570, - 75.71850, 19 March 2009, L. Myers, 2 M (CSUIC). Oswego Co., North Branch Salmon River, CR 17, Upstream of reservoir, 43.58740, - 75.8478, 31 March 2009, L. Myers, 4 M, 2 F (CSUIC). St. Lawrence Co., Deer River, Rt. 11, 44.77570, - 74.64880, 14 March 2009, T. Mihuc, 1 F (CSUIC); Grass River, Canton at US 11, 44.59454, - 75.17412, 24 March 2010, R. E. DeWalt, M. Pessino, 8 M, 2 F (INHS: Insect Collection 551145); Raquette River, Rt. 11, Potsdam, 44.66740, - 74.98880, 14 March 2009, T. Mihuc, 1 M (CSUIC). Vermont: Chittenden Co., Lamoille River, Rt. 7, Clarks Falls, Milton, 44.64060, - 73.11300, 19 March 2012, L. Myers, J. Myers. 18 M, 1 F (CSUIC). West Virginia: Greenbrier Co., Greenbrier River, Anthony, [37.89595, - 80.33201], 29 February 2004, L. T. Miller, 5 M, 2 F (CSUIC). Pocahontas Co., [North Fork], WV 28 at Green Bank, [38.41482, - 79.850228], 13 January 1987, R. F. Kirchner, 5 L (CSUIC); Greenbrier River, Rt. 39 at Marlinton, [38.22449, - 80.09596], 7 March 1987, R. F. Kirchner, 8 M (CSUIC); same location, 8 March 1988, R. F. Kirchner, 7 M, 2 F (CSUIC); same location, 3 March 1989, R. F. Kirchner, 12 L (CSUIC). Adult male (Fig. 34 A). Forewing brachypterous. Length of forewings 1.7 – 2.6 mm (n = 10). Length of body 8.7 – 10.4 mm (n = 10). General body color brown to dark-brown. Head (Fig. 34 A). Dorsum of head mostly dark-brown. Labrum pale anteriorly, brown submedial spots posteriorly. Anterior frontoclypeus light-brown. Frons brown with a dark-brown U-shaped marking with posterolateral extensions. Antenna longer than body. Scape, pedicel, and flagella yellow-brown to dark brown. Scape with a distal notch on anterior face. First flagellum subdivided at distal 1 / 4. Triangular raised rugosities anterolateral to lateral ocelli and ecdysial suture. Interocellar area uniformly dark-brown and slightly depressed. Occiput with dark brown rugosities. Medial areas of the frons, interocellar surface, and occiput covered with fine, pale, clothing hairs. Thorax (Fig. 34 A). Pronotum subquadrate, wider than long (L 0.75 X width) with posterior width marginally wider than anterior width; brown overall with darker rugosities. Outer margins of pronotal flange often pale. Disk with irregular dark rugosities. Prosternum moderately sclerotized. Meso- and metathorax brown, heavily sclerotized dorsally and moderately sclerotized ventrally. Thoracic sterna and coxae uniformly covered with short, fine clothing hairs and longer brown setae. Legs brown, generally concolorous. Femur with an incomplete mottled brown stripe on the anterodorsal and posterodorsal faces. Tibia brown; apex of tibiae with 2 - stout apical spines. Tarsus brown. Legs uniformly covered with dark, short stout setae. Wings hyaline; venation yellow-brown to brown; mottling absent. Forewing brachypterous, extending to posterior margin of tergum- 1; apex acutely pointed; upturned portion of forewing <1 / 3 total wing length. Hindwing extending beyond abdominal segment- 10; pleated anal region absent. Abdomen. Abdominal terga and sterna 1 – 9 uniformly brown, lightly covered with short, brown setae. Sterna 2 – 8 with a pair of anterior sublateral oval brown spots. Vesicle absent on sternum- 9 (Fig. 34 C). Sternum- 9 elongated into a scooped plate (Fig. 35 D); width slightly wider towards base; overall shape rectangular, ventrally (Fig. 34 C); apex square with rounded lateral margins. Dorsally, apex broadly rounded medially and enfolded anteriorly (Fig. 35 A); plate with numerous long setae on dorsal and ventral surfaces (Figs 35 A, D); plate covering sternum- 10 ventrally and extending beyond. Terminalia (Figs 35 A – E). Abdominal segment- 10 nested within segment- 9. Tergal sclerite- 10 moderately sclerotized with a heavily sclerotized medial cleft; paired anterior processes absent (Fig. 35 C). Cercus 5 – 6 segmented, excluding vestigial apical segment (Figs 35 A, 35 D), and with a small, finger-like, posteriorly directed basalcercal process covered in socketed setae and sensilla basiconica (Figs 35 A – B, 35 D – E). Basal plate of tergum- 10 slightly produced dorsally, sclerotized with a medial furrow (Figs 35 A, 35 C). Lateral struts present, median strut present (Figs 35 A, 35 C). Basal bulb fused to anterior epiproct, covered in minute raised armature (Figs 35 A – C), oval, bulbous, moderately sclerotized and with an oval inner bulb bearing a small hollow stalk, which terminates at a pore on the anterior face near the apex of the anterior epiproct. Anterior epiproct dorsoventrally flattened, widening laterally towards trilobed apex with rounded apices; width of medial lobe <1 / 3 epiproct width (Figs 35 A – B). Posterior epiproct prong divided near apex into dorsal and ventral processes. Apex of ventral process with a pair of bulbous lobes that are contiguous medially; sclerotized ventrally and membranous with scale-like setae dorsally (Figs 35 A – B). Dorsal process pouch-like, armed with posteriorly directed spine-like setae with an apical sleeve containing 2 - internal eversible filaments (Figs 35 B, 35 D – E); filament (s) generally not visible inside of basal bulb. Paraprocts subdivided into 2 - parts, symmetrical anterior paraprocts and asymmetrical multi-lobed posterior paraprocts. Anterior paraproct, sub-rectangular medially directed, narrowing apically to a rounded apex (Figs 35 A – B). Posterior paraprocts with 3 - prongs, variously fused (not visible in Figs 35 A – E). Left outer prong broad, flat, concave posteriorly, apex scoop-shaped, directed anteriorly. Left middle prong projecting from the posterior proximal edge of outer prong, twisted, flat, lightly sclerotized, concave anteriorly, apex scoop-shaped. Left inner prong with a sclerotized ridge bearing 12 - long stout golden setae, arising from the base on the posterior face of the posterior paraproct. Right outer prong, moderately sclerotized, C-shaped laterally, with a round, distally recurved apical projection; right middle prong projecting from the posterior proximal edge of the right outer prong, tubular, twisted and tapering to apex. Right inner prong a raised sclerotized ridge bearing 12 - long stout golden setae. Adult female (Fig. 34 B). Macropterous. Length of forewings 13.6 – 14.7 mm (n = 10). Length of body 12.0 – 13.2 mm (n = 10). General body color brown. Overall appearance similar to male. Wings hyaline; mottling absent. Forewing without costal crossveins between humeral crossvein and apex of the subcostal vein which may be forked (Fig. 34 D). AA 1 vein of forewing with short fine setae, a few longer setae distally (Fig. 34 F). Lateral margins of abdomen unsclerotized. Sternum- 8 sclerotized laterally (Fig. 34 E). Subgenital plate concave on posterior margin (Figs 34 E, 36 A – B); moderately produced posteriorly (Figs 34 E, 36 A – B) with a moderately sclerotized triangular area medially (Fig. 34 E). Sternum- 9 produced just beyond the apex of abdominal segment- 10; free portion of sternum (length 1.0 X width); uniformly covered with long setae that become longer posteriorly; lateral margins slightly narrowing to a rounded apex. Cercus 8 - segmented, excluding vestigial apical segment (Figs 34 E; 36 B). Ovum. Unknown. Mature larva (Fig. 37 A). Length of male body 8.7 – 10.9 mm (n = 5), female body 10.5 – 13.3 mm (n = 6). General color light-brown to brown. Integument glossy, much of the body with sparse, fine, hair-like sensillae and socketed stout setae, observable at> 100 X magnification. Specimens generally preserve in a curled posture rarely with the head touching or approaching the abdomen apex. Head (Fig. 37 A). Dorsum of head brown with brown maculations variously developed. Antelabrum pale; anterior margin with a dense brush of golden setae. Postlabrum pale. Anterior frontoclypeus pale. Frons with a brown U-shaped marking with posterolateral extensions; light-brown subrectangular markings directly anterior to lateral ocelli. Interocellar area diffusely light-brown to brown. Occipital area brown near ecdysial suture and with irregular brown rugosities. Eyes with pigmented ommatidia reduced, not reaching eye margins. A single long seta both anterior and posterior to eyes. Antennal scape brown; pedicel and flagella light-brown; dorsobasal apically inserted setae present (Fig. 37 C); antenna slightly shorter than body (Fig. 37 A). Maxilla (Figs 38 A – B). Lacinia triangular with a straight inner margin. Lacinia with 2 - apical, cupped teeth and 6 – 7 subapical denticles on ventral face. Apical teeth subequal in length; relative length of apical teeth to palm length difficult to discern due to wear. Inner palm margin with 12 - stout socketed marginal setae below apical teeth; first marginal seta robust. Basal 1 / 3 of palm with a cluster of> 10 thin dorsal setae. A single acutely pointed sensilla basiconica on palm surface near the basal 1 / 4. Galea with a dense brush of curved setae on the distal apical margin, which transition to sparse peg-like setae at the apical 2 / 3; a thin patch of setae on inner margin below apical setae, which extends about halfway to base. Length of galea, including apical setae, 1.3 X length of lacinia; width of galea 0.8 X the lacinia width. Maxillary palp with 5 - segments; 1.8 X length of lacinia; all palpal segments with sensilla basiconica sparsely scattered over entire surface. Mandible. Right mandible (Fig. 38 C) bicuspid, outer cusp with 2 – 3 teeth, inner cusp with 1 - tooth. Molar pad adorned with marginal rows of truncate acanthae. Palm dorsum with 6 – 8 dorsal sensillae adjacent to molar pad (requires focusing through the mandible) (Fig. 38 C circle inset); proximal basal corner with a marginal patch of 5 - hair-like, branched setae. Ventro-apical setal patch extending from outer cusp to beyond the inner cusp basally (indicated by dotted line in Fig. 38 C. Left mandible (Fig. 38 D) bicuspid, outer cusp with 4 - teeth, inner cusp with 1 - triangular tooth. Molar pad with marginal rows of rounded acanthae and long pointed acanthae (length 2 X width). Ventral face of molar pad with> 15 conical acanthae (Fig. 38 D square inset). Palm dorsum with 1 – 2 dorsal sensillae adjacent to molar pad (requires focusing through the mandible) (Fig. 38 D circle inset); the proximal basal corner with a marginal patch of 4 - hair-like, branched setae. Ventro-apical setal patch extending from outer cusp to beyond the inner cusp basally (indicated by dotted line in Fig. 38 D). Thorax (Fig. 37 A). Pronotum marginally wider posteriorly; light-brown with faint rugosities; Length of forewing pad male = 1.0 X; female = 3.0 X width. Length of hindwing pad male = 2.0 X; female = 1.8 X width. Venter of thorax pale. Prothoracic presternum mostly glabrous with a pair of elongate lateral cervical sclerites. Prothoracic basisternum and furcasternum light-brown; spicules if present, indistinct Mesothorax with an oval prefurcasternal pit. Mesothoracic basisternum with light-brown spicules mostly concentrated medially. Furcasternal pit present between mesothoracic legs; furcasternum triangular, wider than long (length 0.5 X width). Metathoracic basisterna with a pair of furcasternal pits. Anterior face of femur generally light-brown; anterior and posterior faces of the femur with scattered short stout setae (Fig. 37 D). Femur and tibia with a dorsal fringe of silky setae (not shown); length of femoral setae about 1.0 X the width of the femur; length of tibial setae about 1.25 X tibial width. Tibia light-brown; tibial callus not significantly darkened (Fig. 37 D). Tarsus brown with a sparse fringe of silky setae. Venter of tibia and tarsus with scattered short stout setae. Abdomen. Dorsum of abdomen uniformly brown (Fig. 37 E). Posterior margins of terga with a single row of short, stout sensillae. Posterior margins of terga 8 – 10 with a pair of thin, erect, submedial setae. Venter of abdomen pale; sterna 1 – 8 with sparse sensillae that are abundant and conspicuous on sterna 7 – 8 (Fig. 37 F). Sternum- 9 with an elongate plate (male = length 1.5 X width; female = length 1.5 X width); plate width relative to sternal width (male = 0.7 X; female = 0.7 X). Male plate (Fig. 37 G) with sides marginally wider towards posterior margin of sternum- 9, posterolateral margins convex, evenly rounded towards apex. Female plate (Fig. 37 H) narrower basally, widest at posterior margin of sternum- 9; posterolateral margins convex, evenly narrowing towards apex. Plates of both males and females with stout setae sparse basally, becoming denser towards apex. Cercus uniformly light-brown; dorsobasal apically inserted setae present; cercus about as long as body (Fig. 37 A).	en	Verdone, Chris J., Williams, Bronwyn W., Beaty, Steven R., Holland, Victor B., Grubbs, Scott A., Dewalt, Edward (2025): The adults, larvae, and systematics of the Nearctic Oemopteryx Klapálek, 1902 (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae). Zootaxa 5595 (1): 1-94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1
6678EB18FFEDFF9AFF527E6CA425FF22.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Oemopteryx glacialis is defined in the adult male by the lack of a vesicle, brachypterous forewings, the upturned portion of forewing being <1 / 3 total wing length, the medial apical lobe of anterior epiproct being <1 / 3 epiproct width, the apical lobes of posterior epiproct being contiguous medially and the free portion of sternum- 9 being rectangular ventrally. The female is distinguished by long setae not extending to the base of AA 1 vein and a subgenital plate with a moderately sclerotized triangular area medially. The larvae are defined by having a darkened third tarsal segment, and abdominal sterna 7 – 8 with conspicuous sensillae. Biological notes. Oemopteryx glacialis is known from the forests and uplands of the Upper Midwest, Great Lakes, Northeast region into Atlantic Canada and south to West Virginia. Elevations of collection locations range between 3 m to 841 m ASL. Based on known records O. glacialis appears to be allopatric with O. fosketti with which it is most morphologically similar. Available records indicate adults are active from late February to mid-April. Larvae have only been collected from a few streams with drainage areas ranging from 336 km 2 to 406 km 2. Harper et al. (1991) documented a univoltine fast life cycle in Quebec with direct spring hatching and subsequent larval diapause during summer. NatureServe (2024) has assigned this species a conservation rank of G 4 indicating the species is at low risk of extinction due to its extensive range and numerous populations, but with possible cause for some concern as a result of threats to habitat. The O. leei Group	en	Verdone, Chris J., Williams, Bronwyn W., Beaty, Steven R., Holland, Victor B., Grubbs, Scott A., Dewalt, Edward (2025): The adults, larvae, and systematics of the Nearctic Oemopteryx Klapálek, 1902 (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae). Zootaxa 5595 (1): 1-94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1
6678EB18FF94FF93FF527FF8A490FF22.taxon	description	(Figs 40 – 44) Headwater Willowfly	en	Verdone, Chris J., Williams, Bronwyn W., Beaty, Steven R., Holland, Victor B., Grubbs, Scott A., Dewalt, Edward (2025): The adults, larvae, and systematics of the Nearctic Oemopteryx Klapálek, 1902 (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae). Zootaxa 5595 (1): 1-94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1
6678EB18FF94FF93FF527FF8A490FF22.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA. — CA, OR (Baumann & Kondratieff 2009 a; DeWalt et al. 2024) (Fig. 39)	en	Verdone, Chris J., Williams, Bronwyn W., Beaty, Steven R., Holland, Victor B., Grubbs, Scott A., Dewalt, Edward (2025): The adults, larvae, and systematics of the Nearctic Oemopteryx Klapálek, 1902 (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae). Zootaxa 5595 (1): 1-94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1
6678EB18FF94FF93FF527FF8A490FF22.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. USA. — California: Humboldt Co., Oil Creek headwaters, [Mattole Rd.], 40.49400, - 124.30800, 2 May 2011, B. Kondratieff, J. Sandberg, 4 M, 2 F (CSUIC); Willow Creek, at Hwy 299, mile 29.54, [40.90443, - 123.74335], 14 April 2006, L. Lee, 9 M, 4 F (CSUIC); [UT to Butte Creek], Butte Creek Access Rd, 1.8 mi S Hwy 36, 40.41982, - 123.68350, 2 May 2011, B. Kondratieff, J. Sandberg, 32 M, 8 F, 5 L (CSUIC). Siskiyou Co., Etna Creek, Sawyers Bar Rd., 41.41157, - 122.97366, 14 May 2016, C. Kerst, 1 M (CSUIC). Oregon: Linn Co., [Two Girls Creek], Two Girls Peak, Willamette National Forest, [44.34066, - 122.29390], 25 August 2005, A. Moldenke, VerLinden, 4 M, 2 F (CSUIC). Adult male (Fig. 40 A). Macropterous. Length of forewings 7.3 – 8.0 mm (n = 10). Length of body 6.0 – 7.3 mm (n = 10). General body color brown. Head. (Fig. 40 A). Dorsum of head mostly light-brown. Labrum pale anteriorly, brown posteriorly. Anterior frontoclypeus light-brown. Frons with a brown U-shaped marking. Antenna longer than body. Scape, pedicel, and flagella brown. Scape with a distal notch on anterior face. First flagellum subdivided at distal 1 / 4. Interocellar area uniformly brown, darker than rest of head and slightly depressed. Dark rugosities anterior to lateral ocelli. Pale transverse band posterior to lateral ocelli. Occiput with brown rugosities. Medial areas of the frons, interocellar surface, and occiput covered with fine, pale, clothing hairs. Thorax (Fig. 40 A). Pronotum subquadrate, wider than long (length 0.8 X width) with posterior width slightly wider than anterior width; light-brown overall with brown rugosities. Disk with irregular brown rugosities. Prosternum lightly sclerotized. Meso- and metathorax dark-brown, heavily sclerotized dorsally and ventrally. Mesonotum with a triangular pale anteromedial spot. Thoracic nota and coxae uniformly covered with sparse, short, fine clothing hairs. Legs light-brown with contrasting pigment. Distal portion of femur with darker pigment. Tibia light-brown, darker brown on proximal and distal portions; apex of tibiae with 2 - stout apical spines. Tarsus light-brown distal segments progressively darker. Legs uniformly covered with dark, short stout setae. Wings hyaline, amber; venation brown; mottling absent. Forewing without costal crossveins between humeral crossvein and apex of the subcostal vein which may be forked. Abdomen. First abdominal tergite completely pale. Abdominal segments 1 – 9 lightly covered with short, fine clothing hairs. Terga 2 – 6 with posterior sublateral patches of stout dark brown setae. Terga 3 – 7 with intersegmental sublateral membranous bulges. Terga 6 – 9 pale posteromedially, otherwise terga brown. Sterna 1 – 9 brown with a pair of sub-lateral brown spots. Sternum- 9 with a lightly sclerotized, clavate, tab-like vesicle that is attached to sternum- 9 at the anterior margin of the vesicle. (Fig. 40 C). Sternum- 9 elongated into a scooped plate, width subequal from base to apex; apex truncate (Fig. 41 C); plate with numerous long setae on dorsal and ventral surfaces (Figs 41 A, 41 D); plate covering sternum- 10 ventrally and extending beyond. Terminalia (Figs 41 A – E). Abdominal segment- 10 nested within segment- 9. Anterior margin unsclerotized. Tergal sclerite- 10 lightly sclerotized with a medial cleft, paired anterior processes absent (Fig. 41 C). Cercus 5 – 6 segmented, excluding vestigial apical segment (Figs 40 C, 41 A, 41 D). Basalcercal process dorsally directed with an acutely pointed posteriorly oriented apex and covered dorsally with sensilla basiconica and long socketed setae; basalcercal process much shorter than cercus (Figs 41 A, 41 D). Basal plate of tergum- 10 bulbous with 2 - hemispherical lobes divided by a median furrow and bearing long socketed setae (Figs 41 A – E). Lateral struts present (Fig. 41 A), median strut present (not shown). Basal bulb (Figs 41 A – B), glabrous, oval, bulbous, moderately sclerotized and with an inner bulb bearing a small hollow stalk, which terminates at a pore at the apical 1 / 4 on the ventral face of the anterior epiproct. Anterior epiproct prong fused to basal bulb, broadly spatulate with sinuous lateral margins and a hood-like tip (Figs 41 A – E). Posterior epiproct prong closely appressed to anterior prong, lightly sclerotized, divided near apex with dorsal and ventral processes. Ventral process thin and cylindrical with posteriorly directed plate-like setae and long sensillae (Figs 41 A – B, 41 D – E). Dorsal process pouch-like, armed with posteriorly directed spine-like setae with an apical sleeve containing an internal filament (Figs 41 A – B, 41 D – E). Internal filament eversible and apparently composed of 2 - strands that are twisted, fused and hooked near the apex. Filament (s) visible inside basal bulb. Paraprocts (Fig. 41 A) subdivided into 2 - parts, symmetrical anterior paraprocts and asymmetrical multi-lobed posterior paraprocts. Anterior paraproct posterior to cercus, base triangular, well sclerotized with a small, lightly sclerotized finger-like mediodorsal projection. Posterior paraprocts with 4 - prongs, variously fused. Left outer prong flattened with a truncate apex; left outer middle prong flattened, lightly sclerotized, apex spatulate. Left inner middle prong cupped longitudinally, moderated sclerotized, apex truncate. Left inner prong thinner and shorter, moderately sclerotized with a rounded apex bearing 3 - spines. Right outer prong lightly sclerotized, flattened, concave posteriorly with lateral flanges and a curved spinous apex. Right outer middle prong moderately sclerotized with a broadly rounded apex; right inner middle prong twisted with a membranous filamentous apex; right inner prong thinner and shorter, moderately sclerotized, apex rounded bearing 4 - stout spines. Adult female (Fig. 40 B). Macropterous. Length of forewings 8.5 – 8.9 mm (n = 10). Length of body 7.3 – 8.5 mm (n = 10). General body color brown. Overall appearance similar to male. Wings hyaline, amber; venation brown; mottling absent. Forewing without costal crossveins between humeral crossvein and apex of the subcostal vein which may be forked (Fig. 40 D). AA 1 vein of forewing with short fine setae ≤ 0.5 mm (Fig. 40 F). Dorsum of abdomen lightly sclerotized, otherwise unmodified. Venter of abdomen similar to male. Sternum- 8 lightly to moderately sclerotized anteriorly (Fig. 40 E). Subgenital plate moderately produced posteriorly with a narrow Ushaped notch medially (Figs 40 E; 42 A – B); moderately sclerotized (Fig. 40 E). Sternum- 9 parabolic, produced just beyond the apex of abdominal segment- 10; length of free portion of sternum- 9 0.8 X basal width; uniformly covered with long setae that become longer posteriorly; lateral margins moderately narrowing to a rounded apex (Figs 40 E; 42 A – B). Cercus 5 – 6 segmented, excluding vestigial apical segment (Figs 40 E; 42 A). Ovum. Unknown. Mature larva (Fig. 43 A). Length of male body 6.4 – 6.5 mm (n = 2), female body 6.8 – 7.5 mm (n = 3). General color brown. Integument glossy, much of the body with sparse, fine, hair-like sensillae and socketed stout setae, observable at> 100 X magnification. Specimens generally preserve in a curled posture with the head touching or approaching the abdomen apex, similar to other Taeniopterygidae. Head (Fig. 43 A). Dorsum of head brown with indistinct darker brown maculations variously developed. Antelabrum and postlabrum brown with 2 - anterolateral pale spots; anterior margin with a dense brush of golden setae. Anterior frontoclypeus brown. Interocellar area brown. Occipital area brown with indistinct, irregular brown rugosities. Eyes with pigmented ommatidia sometimes reduced, not reaching eye margins. A single long seta both anterior and posterior to eyes. Antennal scape, pedicel and flagella brown; dorsobasal apically inserted setae present up to segment- 15 (Fig. 43 C); antenna slightly shorter than body (Fig. 43 A). Maxilla (Figs 44 A – B). Lacinia triangular with a straight inner margin. Lacinia with 2 - apical, cupped teeth and weakly developed denticles on ventral face; actual number difficult to discern due to wear. Apical teeth subequal in length; length of apical teeth relative to palm length difficult to discern due to wear. Inner palm margin with 10 – 11 stout socketed marginal setae below apical teeth; first setae below apical teeth robust; a patch of hair like acanthae present below apical teeth; acutely pointed sensilla basiconica below apical teeth and on inner palm margin near the middle. Basal 1 / 3 of palm with a cluster of> 10 thin dorsal setae. Galea with a dense brush of curved setae on the distal apical margin, which transition to sparse peg-like setae at the apical 1 / 4. A marginal row of long setae below apical setae extends about 2 / 3 to base. Length of galea, including apical setae, 1.1 X length of lacinia; width of galea subequal to lacinia width. Maxillary palp with 5 - segments; 2.2 X length of lacinia; palp with sensilla basiconica developed on the apical and lateral margins of each segment. Mandible. Right mandible (Fig. 44 C) bicuspid, outer cusp with 3 - teeth, inner cusp with 1 - tooth. Molar pad adorned with marginal rows of rounded acanthae (length 2.0 X width). Palm dorsum with 8 – 9 dorsal sensillae adjacent to molar pad (requires focusing through the mandible) (Fig. 44 C circle inset); proximal basal corner with a marginal patch of 3 – 4 hair-like, branched setae. Ventro-apical setal patch extending from outer cusp to beyond the inner cusp basally (indicated by dotted line in Fig. 44 C) Left mandible (Fig. 44 D) bicuspid, outer cusp with 5 - teeth, inner cusp with 1 - broad tooth. Molar pad with marginal rows of rounded acanthae and long pointed acanthae (length 5.0 X width). Palm dorsum with 8 – 9 dorsal sensillae adjacent to molar pad (requires focusing through the mandible) (Fig. 44 D circle inset); the proximal basal corner with a marginal patch of 3 – 4 hair-like, branched setae. Ventro-apical setal patch extending from outer cusp to middle of the inner cusp (indicated by dotted line in Fig. 44 D, square inset). Thorax (Fig. 43 A). Pronotum wider posteriorly; light-brown with faint rugosities; Length of forewing pad 3.3 X width; length of hindwing pad 1.8 X width. Venter of thorax pale. Prothoracic presternum mostly glabrous with light-brown spicules laterally and a pair of elongate lateral cervical sclerites. Prothoracic basisternum and furcasternum light-brown; spicules dense medially and sporadic distally. Mesothorax with an oval prefurcasternal pit; light-brown spicules present both anterior and posterior to pit; lateral areas glabrous. Mesothoracic basisternum with light-brown spicules mostly concentrated medially. Furcasternal pit present between mesothoracic legs; furcasternum triangular, wider than long (length 0.9 X width). Metathoracic basisterna with a medial patch of light-brown spicules and a pair of furcasternal pits. Femur and tibia generally light-brown and with a fringe of silky setae (not shown); length of femoral setae about ½ the width of the femur; length of tibial setae longer than tibial width. Anterior and posterior faces of the femur with scattered short stout setae. Tibial callus darkened (Fig. 43 D). Tarsus with a sparse dorsal fringe of silky setae (not shown); tarsus light-brown to brown. Venter of tibia and tarsus with scattered short stout setae. Abdomen. Dorsum of abdomen uniformly brown (Fig. 44 E). Terga with a sparse posterior row of short, stout sensillae and pair of longer submedial stout sensillae anterior to those. Posterior margins of terga 8 – 10 with a pair of thin, erect, submedial setae. Venter of abdomen brown or with a purple hue; sterna 1 – 8 with light-brown spicules. Sternum- 9 with an elongate plate (male = length 1.6 X width (Fig. 43 F); female = length 1.6 X width (Fig. 43 G )); plate width relative to sternal width (male = 0.75 X; female = 0.75 X). Both male and female with plate narrower basally, widest at posterior margin of sternum- 9; posterolateral margins convex, evenly narrowing towards apex; apex broadly rounded. Plates of both males and females with stout setae begin at basal 1 / 5, becoming denser towards apex. Cercus uniformly brown; dorsobasal apically inserted setae present up to segment- 15 (Fig. 42 B); cercus longer than body (Fig. 43 A).	en	Verdone, Chris J., Williams, Bronwyn W., Beaty, Steven R., Holland, Victor B., Grubbs, Scott A., Dewalt, Edward (2025): The adults, larvae, and systematics of the Nearctic Oemopteryx Klapálek, 1902 (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae). Zootaxa 5595 (1): 1-94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1
6678EB18FF94FF93FF527FF8A490FF22.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Oemopteryx leei is defined in the adult male by the anterior prong of the epiproct having a hood-like tip and the basal cercal processes being dorsally directed with a posteriorly oriented, pointed apex. The female is distinguished by having a subgenital plate with a narrow U-shaped notch medially. The larvae are unique in having long hair-like sensillae on distal margins of segments 3 – 4 of the maxillary palps. Biological notes. Oemopteryx leei is presently known from the three EPA Level III ecoregions (Coast Range, Klamath Mountains, and Cascades) in northern California to west-central Oregon. Elevations of collection locations range between 447 m to 1411 m ASL. Based on known records O. leei appears to be allopatric with O. vanduzeea, which occurs in the Central California Foothills / Coastal Mountains, Sierra Nevada, Cascades, and Eastern Cascades Slopes and Foothills Level III ecoregions in California, though some range overlap could occur in the Cascades Level III ecoregion. Available records indicate adults are generally active from mid-April to mid-May; however, one record from Two Girls Peak in Willamette National Forest, Oregon was collected 25 August. Larvae have been collected from only one location with a drainage area of 1.6 km 2. Nothing is known regarding this taxon’s life history. A conservation rank of G 3 was calculated for this species indicating a moderate risk of extinction because of its relatively restricted range and few known populations (NatureServe 2020). The O. vanduzeea Group	en	Verdone, Chris J., Williams, Bronwyn W., Beaty, Steven R., Holland, Victor B., Grubbs, Scott A., Dewalt, Edward (2025): The adults, larvae, and systematics of the Nearctic Oemopteryx Klapálek, 1902 (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae). Zootaxa 5595 (1): 1-94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1
6678EB18FF9DFF8EFF527FF8A6F9FABE.taxon	description	(Figs 45 – 49) Seep Willowfly	en	Verdone, Chris J., Williams, Bronwyn W., Beaty, Steven R., Holland, Victor B., Grubbs, Scott A., Dewalt, Edward (2025): The adults, larvae, and systematics of the Nearctic Oemopteryx Klapálek, 1902 (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae). Zootaxa 5595 (1): 1-94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1
6678EB18FF9DFF8EFF527FF8A6F9FABE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA. — CA (DeWalt et al. 2024) (Fig. 39)	en	Verdone, Chris J., Williams, Bronwyn W., Beaty, Steven R., Holland, Victor B., Grubbs, Scott A., Dewalt, Edward (2025): The adults, larvae, and systematics of the Nearctic Oemopteryx Klapálek, 1902 (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae). Zootaxa 5595 (1): 1-94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1
6678EB18FF9DFF8EFF527FF8A6F9FABE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. USA. — California: Butte Co., Oregon Gulch, Oregon Gulch Rd. at [Castleberry] Covered Bridge, [39.59369, - 121.52996], April 2010, B. Kondratieff, R. Baumann 5 F; UT to Campbell Creek, 5.6 mi. S of Cherokee, [39.59779, - 121.54646], April 2008, J. Sandberg, 2 M, 8 F (CSUIC); same location, 27 April 2010, B. Kondratieff, R. Baumann, 5 F (CSUIC). El Dorado Co., Blue Tent Creek, Hwy 49, [38.82974, - 120.98256], 29 April 2010, B. Kondratieff, R. Baumann, 1 L (CSUIC); Deadman Creek, Church Mine Rd., [38.65164, - 120.82598], 28 April 2010, B. Kondratieff, R. Baumann, 1 M, 3 F, 1 L (CSUIC); unnamed tributary seep to American River, FR 7 at Silver Fork [Campground], [38.69914, - 120.20783], B. Kondratieff, R. Baumann, 19 June 2009, 1 M (CSUIC); unnamed tributary seep to North Fork Cosumnes River, Capps Crossing, E Grizzly Flats, [38.64608, - 120.40967], 5 June 1983, R. L. Bottorff, 5 M, 5 F (CSUIC); unnamed tributary, Long Canyon, NE Grizzly Flats, [38.63858, - 120.4861], B. Kondratieff, R. Baumann, 5 M, 20 F, 12 L (CSUIC); unnamed tributary off Church Mine Rd., [unable to approximate coordinates], 29 April 2010, B. Kondratieff, R. Baumann, 1 M, 3 F (CSUIC); unnamed tributary to [South Fork] Silver Creek, [38.84474, - 120.235893], 19 June 2009, B. Kondratieff, R. Baumann, 1 M, 4 F (CSUIC). Modoc Co., Johnson Creek, 3 mi. off Hwy 299 / 139, [41.3359, - 120.87647], 24 May 2007, B. Kondratieff, R. Baumann, 2 M (CSUIC). Nevada Co., French Corral Creek, Pleasant Valley Rd., [39.30166, - 121.17894], 28 April 2010, B. Kondratieff, R. Baumann, 1 M, 2 F (CSUIC); [unnamed tributary to South Yuba River], Indian Springs [Campground], Indian Springs Trailhead, [39.32934, - 120.56943], 22 June 2009, B. Kondratieff, R. Baumann, 1 M, 3 F (CSUIC); Rattlesnake Creek, Woodchuck Flat Campground, [39.33283, - 120.51916], 22 June 2009, B. Kondratieff, R. Baumann, 1 M (CSUIC); South Yuba River, Indian Springs [Campground], [39.32817, - 120.57132], 22 June 2009, B. Kondratieff, R. Baumann, 1 M (CSUIC); Sweetland Creek, nr. Jct. Hwy 49 & Pleasant Valley Rd., Sweetland, [39.34306, - 121.12472], 28 April 2010, B. Kondratieff, R. Baumann, 2 M, 2 F (CSUIC). Placer Co., Soda Springs, Tahoe National Forest, [39.24740, - 120.32631], 5 June 1998, E. Riley, 2 M (CSUIC). Plumas Co., Middle Fork Feather River, above Two Rivers Rd., 39.82321, - 120.66591, 25 May 2019, B. Kondratieff, E. South, 1 M (CSUIC). Sonoma Co., Mark [West] Creek, St. Helena Rd., 38.52070, - 122.56070, 24 April 2010, D. E. Ruiter, 1 M (CSUIC). Tehama Co., UT Mill Creek, Hole in the Ground Campground, 40.30962, - 121.56105, 28 May 2019, B. Kondratieff, E. South, J. Sandberg, 8 M, 3 F (CSUIC); UT Mill Creek, Hole in the Ground Campground, 28 N 06 A, 3.5 SW Mill Creek, 40.309357, - 121.56932, 21 May 2024, J. B. Sandberg, 13 M, 10 F, 6 L, 10 E (NCDWR). Tuolumne Co., unnamed tributary to South Fork Tuolumne River, Hwy 120, [unable to approximate coordinates], 22 June 2006, R. Baumann, B. Kondratieff, 19 M (CSUIC); unnamed tributary to South Fork Tuolumne River, [unable to approximate coordinates], 22 June 2006, B. Kondratieff, R. Baumann, 9 M (CSUIC). Adult male (Fig. 45 A). Macropterous. Length of forewings 6.9 – 8.7 mm (n = 10). Length of body 6.3 – 7.7 mm (n = 10). General body color light-brown to brown. Head. (Fig. 45 A). Dorsum of head mostly light-brown. Labrum pale anteriorly, brown posteriorly. Anterior frontoclypeus light-brown. Frons with a brown U-shaped marking. Antenna longer than body. Scape, pedicel, and flagella light-brown. Scape with a distal notch on anterior face. First flagellum subdivided at distal 1 / 4. Pale areas distal of lateral ocelli. Interocellar area uniformly light-brown and slightly depressed. Occiput with brown rugosities. Medial areas of the frons, interocellar surface, and occiput covered with fine, pale, clothing hairs. Thorax (Fig. 45 A). Pronotum subquadrate, wider than long (length 0.9 X width) with posterior width slightly wider than anterior width; light-brown overall with darker rugosities and a pale medial triangular area that widens posteriorly. Disk with irregular dark rugosities. Prosternum lightly sclerotized. Meso- and metathorax dark-brown, heavily sclerotized dorsally and ventrally. Mesonotum with a pale anteromedial spot. Thoracic nota and coxae uniformly covered with sparse, short, fine clothing hairs. Legs mostly light-brown. Distal portion of femur with darker pigment. Tibia light-brown, darker brown on proximal and distal portions. Apex of tibiae with 2 - stout apical spines. Tarsus brown. Legs uniformly covered with dark, short stout setae. Wings hyaline, amber; venation brown; mottling absent. Forewing without costal crossveins between humeral crossvein and apex of the subcostal vein which may be forked. Abdomen. Abdominal segments 1 – 9 sparsely covered with short, fine clothing hairs. First abdominal tergite completely pale. Tergite- 2 mostly brown. Terga 3 – 9 brown with a pale medial area that becomes progressively wider on posterior segments. Sterna 1 – 9 pale with a pair of sub-lateral brown spots. Sternum- 9 with a lightly sclerotized clavate tab-like vesicle that is attached to sternum- 9 at the anterior margin of the vesicle. (Fig. 45 C). Sternum- 9 elongated into a scooped plate (Fig. 46 D), width narrowing from base to apex; apex with broadly rounded lateral margins (Fig. 45 C). Dorso-apical margin of sternum- 9 recurved anteriorly, broadly triangular with a minute, posterior medial protrusion (not visible in Fig. 45 A). Plate with numerous long setae on dorsal and ventral surfaces (Figs 46 A, 46 D). Plate covering sternum- 10 ventrally and extending beyond. Terminalia (Figs 46 A – E). Abdominal segment- 10 nested within segment- 9; anterior margin unsclerotized. Tergal sclerite- 10 well sclerotized with a medial cleft, paired anterior processes absent (Fig. 46 C). Cercus 5 - segmented, excluding vestigial apical segment (Fig. 46 A), and with a long basal-cercal process covered dorsally with long socketed setae; basal-cercal process about as long cercus, bent at midlength anteriorly (Figs 46 A, 46 D – E). Basal plate of tergum- 10 bulbous with 2 - hemispherical lobes divided by a median furrow and bearing, long socketed setae (Figs 46 A – E). Lateral struts present, median strut present (Fig. 46 C). Basal bulb (Figs 46 A – B), glabrous, oval, bulbous, moderately sclerotized and with an inner bulb bearing a small hollow stalk, which terminates at a pore at the mid-length on the ventral face of the anterior epiproct. Anterior epiproct prong fused to basal bulb, heavily sclerotized, broadly spatulate and depressed medially (Figs 46 A – B). Posterior epiproct prong closely appressed to anterior prong, lightly sclerotized, divided near apex with dorsal and processes armed with posteriorly direct scale-like setae (Figs 46 A – B, 46 D – E); ventral process sclerotized basally and ventrally, length exceeds dorsal process (Figs 46 A – B, 46 D – E); Dorsal process pouch-like, armed with posteriorly directed spine-like setae with an apical sleeve containing a single, eversible internal filament (Figs 46 A – B, 46 D – E); filament visible inside basal bulb. Paraprocts subdivided into 2 - parts, symmetrical anterior paraprocts and asymmetrical multi-lobed posterior paraprocts. Anterior paraproct (Fig. 46 D) posterior to cercus, base pentagonal, well sclerotized with a minute, membranous finger-like mediodorsal projection. Posterior paraprocts (Figs 46 A, D) with 4 - prongs, variously fused; left outer prong flattened with a sclerotized clavate apex; outer and inner middle prongs both flattened, twisted, apices spatulate; inner prong moderately sclerotized with a scoop-shaped apex; right outer prong lightly sclerotized, flattened, concave posteriorly with a sclerotized clavate apex; right outer middle prong flat sclerotized with a truncate apex; right inner middle prong twisted with a membranous filamentous apex; right inner prong light sclerotized, apex truncate and bearing 2 - stout spines. Adult female (Fig. 45 B). Macropterous. Length of forewings 7.6 – 10.5 mm (n = 10). Length of body 5.7 – 9.7 mm (n = 10). General body color brown. Overall appearance similar to male. Wings hyaline, amber; venation brown; mottling absent. Forewing without costal crossveins between humeral crossvein and apex of the subcostal vein which may be forked (Fig. 45 D). AA 1 vein of forewing with short fine setae (Fig. 45 F). Dorsum of abdomen lightly sclerotized, uniform. Venter of abdomen similar to male. Sternum- 8 lightly sclerotized anteriorly (Fig. 45 E). Subgenital plate entire, at most with a subtle medial depression posteriorly (Figs 45 E, 47 A – B), moderately sclerotized (Fig. 45 E). Sternum- 9 moderately sclerotized anterolaterally, plate parabolic, produced just beyond the apex of abdominal segment- 10; length of free portion of sternum 0.7 X basal width; uniformly covered with long setae that become longer posteriorly; lateral margins moderately narrowing to a rounded apex (Figs 45 E, 47 A). Cercus 5 - segmented, excluding vestigial apical segment (Figs 45 E, 47 A). Ovum. Unknown. Mature larva (Fig. 48 A). Length of male body 6.8 mm (n = 1), female body 6.9 – 7.5 mm (n = 10). General color light-brown to brown. Integument glossy, much of the body with sparse, fine, hair-like sensillae and socketed stout setae, observable at> 100 X magnification. Specimens generally preserve in a curled posture with the head touching or approaching the abdomen apex, similar to other Taeniopterygidae. Head (Fig. 48 A). Dorsum of head light-brown with darker brown maculations variously developed. Antelabrum light-brown with 2 - anterolateral pale spots; anterior margin of antelabrum with a dense brush of golden setae; postlabrum light-brown. Anterior frontoclypeus pale. Frons with a brown U-shaped marking with posterolateral extensions; light-brown rectangular markings near, but not touching the lateral ocelli, anterior to ecdysial suture. Interocellar area diffusely light-brown. Occipital area diffusely light-brown near ecdysial suture and with irregular brown rugosities. Eyes with pigmented ommatidia reaching eye margins. A single long seta both anterior and posterior to eyes. Antennal scape brown; scape and flagella light-brown; dorsobasal apically inserted setae absent (Fig. 48 C); antenna slightly shorter than body (Fig. 48 A). Maxilla (Figs 49 A – B). Lacinia triangular with a straight inner margin. Lacinia with 2 - apical, cupped teeth with at least 1 - large subapical denticle on ventral face; actual number difficult to discern due to wear. Apical teeth subequal in length; length of apical teeth relative to palm length difficult to discern due to wear. Inner palm margin with 12 - stout socketed marginal setae below apical teeth; first setae below apical teeth robust. A patch of hair like acanthae absent below apical teeth; acutely pointed sensilla basiconica below apical teeth and on inner palm margin near the middle. Galea with a dense brush of curved setae on the distal apical margin, which transition to sparse peg-like setae at the apical 2 / 3. A thin marginal row of long setae below apical setae extends about 2 / 3 to base. Length of galea, including apical setae, 1.3 X length of lacinia; width of galea 1.3 X the lacinia width. Maxillary palp with 5 - segments; 2.0 X length of lacinia; palp with sensilla basiconica developed on the apical and lateral margins of each segment. Mandible. Right mandible (Fig. 49 C) bicuspid, outer cusp with 3 - teeth, inner cusp with 1 - tooth. Molar pad adorned with marginal rows of truncate peg-like acanthae (length 2.0 X width). Palm dorsum with 8 – 9 dorsal sensillae adjacent to molar pad (requires focusing through the mandible) (Fig. 49 C circle inset); proximal basal corner with a marginal patch of 3 - hair-like, branched setae. Ventro-apical setal patch extending from outer cusp to beyond the inner cusp basally (indicated by dotted line in Fig. 49 C). Left mandible (Fig. 49 D) bicuspid, outer cusp with 5 - teeth, inner cusp with 1 - broad tooth. Molar pad with marginal rows of rounded acanthae and long pointed acanthae (length 3.0 X width). Palm dorsum with 7 – 9 dorsal sensillae adjacent to molar pad (requires focusing through the mandible) (Fig. 49 D circle inset); the proximal basal corner with a marginal patch of 3 - hair-like, branched setae. Ventro-apical setal patch extending from outer cusp to beyond the inner cusp basally (indicated by dotted line in Fig. 49 D, square inset). Thorax (Fig. 48 A). Pronotum wider posteriorly; light-brown with faint rugosities; Length of forewing pad 3.2 X width; length of hindwing pad 1.8 X width. Venter of thorax pale. Prothoracic presternum mostly glabrous with light-brown spicules laterally and a pair of elongate lateral cervical sclerites. Prothoracic basisternum and furcasternum light-brown spicules dense medially and sporadic distally. Mesothorax with an oval prefurcasternal pit; light-brown spicules present both anterior and posterior to pit; lateral areas glabrous. Mesothoracic basisternum with light-brown spicules mostly concentrated medially. Furcasternal pit present between mesothoracic legs; furcasternum triangular, wider than long (length 0.8 X width). Metathoracic basisterna with a medial patch of light-brown spicules and a pair of furcasternal pits. Femur and tibia generally light-brown (Fig. 48 D) and with a sparse fringe of silky setae (not shown); length of femoral setae about 1 / 2 the width of the femur; length of tibial setae about equal to tibial width. Anterior and posterior faces of the femur with scattered short stout setae; anterior face usually with a thin, distal, longitudinal, brown stripe (Fig. 48 D). Tibial callus darkened (Fig. 48 D). Tarsus with a few sporadic setae; tarsus uniformly light-brown; venter of tibia and tarsus with scattered short stout setae. Abdomen. Dorsum of abdomen uniformly light-brown (Fig. 48 E). Posterior margins of terga with a single row of short, stout sensillae. Posterior margins of tergum- 8 and tergum- 9 with a pair of thin, erect, submedial setae. Venter of abdomen pale; sterna 1 – 8 light-brown. Female sternum- 8 with developing subgenital plate visible, posterior edge notched medially. Sternum- 9 with an elongate plate (male = length 1.7 X width (Fig. 48 F); female = length 1.6 X width (Fig. 48 G); plate width relative to sternal width (male = 0.7 X; female = 0.8 X). Both male and female with plate narrower basally, widest at posterior margin of sternum- 9; posterolateral margins linear to convex, evenly narrowing towards apex; apex acutely pointed, nipple-like. Plates of both males and females with stout setae begin at basal 1 / 5, becoming denser towards apex. Cercus uniformly brown; dorsobasal apically inserted setae absent (Fig. 48 B); cercus about as long as body (Fig. 48 A).	en	Verdone, Chris J., Williams, Bronwyn W., Beaty, Steven R., Holland, Victor B., Grubbs, Scott A., Dewalt, Edward (2025): The adults, larvae, and systematics of the Nearctic Oemopteryx Klapálek, 1902 (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae). Zootaxa 5595 (1): 1-94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1
6678EB18FF9DFF8EFF527FF8A6F9FABE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Oemopteryx vanduzeea is defined in the male by the anterior epiproct prong being broadly spatulate with a medial depression and having anteriorly directed basal cercal processes subequal in length to the cerci. The female is distinguished by having a subgenital plate that is moderately sclerotized throughout with an entire or minimally concave posterior margin. The larvae are unique in having a ninth sternum with an acute nipple-like projection at its apex. Biological notes. Oemopteryx vanduzeea is presently known from four Level III ecoregions (Central California Foothills / Coastal Mountains, Sierra Nevada, Cascades, and Eastern Cascades Slopes and Foothills) in California. Elevations of collection locations range between 21 m to 3077 m ASL. Based on known records, O. vanduzeea appears to be allopatric with O. leei, which primarily occurs in the Coast Range, Klamath Mountains, though some range overlap could occur in the Cascades Level III ecoregion. Available records indicate adults are generally active from late January to mid-July. Larvae have been collected from streams with drainage areas ranging from 3.6 km 2 to 56.2 km 2. Nothing is known regarding this taxon’s life history. A conservation rank of G 3 was calculated for this species indicating a moderate risk of extinction because of its relatively restricted range and few known populations (NatureServe 2020). Genetic data results We generated a total of 74 new COI sequences for seven Nearctic Oemopteryx species and the outgroup taxon Taenionema atlanticum; an additional 11 sequences were obtained from BOLD (Table 2). Intraspecific genetic distances varied between species. Maximum intraspecific distances were high for O. contorta (max p-dist. = 5.71 %) and O. vanduzeea (max p-dist = 11.58 %) (Table 3). Specimens of O. contorta, formed clades representing the end boundaries of the species’ range in the Northeast and Southeast. Whereas, specimens of O. vanduzeea generally formed clades representing either the Sierra Nevada, or the Central California Foothills / Coastal Mountains, Cascades, and Eastern Cascades Slopes and Foothills, collectively. However, both clades included O. vanduzeea specimens from a site in Butte County, California. As a result, these groupings suggest possible gene flow between transitionary populations of the Sierra Nevada, Cascades, and Coastal Mountains. Maximum intraspecific distances were closer to expected values for the remaining species (max p-dist ≤ 2.28 %) (Table 3). Within the O. contorta Group, interspecific genetic distances between O. contorta and O. bimaculata sp. nov. (avg. p-dist. = 12.97 %, min p-dist = 11.25 %) and O. contorta and O. tuscarora sp. nov. (avg. p-dist = 16.04 %, min p-dist = 13.22 %) greatly exceeded the intraspecific distance for O. contorta (avg. p-dist = 2.43 %, max p-dist = 5.71 %) (Table 3). ...... continued on the next page ...... continued on the next page ...... continued on the next page 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. Oemopteryx 0.36 | 0.95 11.25 17.59 14.30 18.24 14.10 18.09 bimaculata sp. nov. | n = 12 2. Oemopteryx contorta 12.97 2.43 | 5.71 18.35 16.99 16.87 13.22 16.11 | n = 16 3. Oemopteryx fosketti 18.25 20.56 1.11 | 2.28 | 15.90 18.65 15.98 12.39 n = 5 4. Oemopteryx glacialis 18.21 18.09 18.01 0.76 | 2.22 18.24 17.17 15.00 | n = 16 5. Oemopteryx leei 20.63 19.71 18.85 19.85 0.21 | 0.95 | 17.78 15.44 n = 11 6. Oemopteryx tuscarora 14.73 16.04 17.33 18.36 20.02 0.67 | 1.76 | 17.70 sp. nov. n = 7 7. Oemopteryx 21.08 18.89 16.53 17.60 17.57 20.23 5.95 | 11.58 | vanduzeea n = 12 Maximum likelihood phylogenetic reconstruction recovered all species clades with high nodal support, bootstrap value (bs) = 96 % for O. contorta and 99 % for all other taxa (Fig. 50). Oemopteryx bimaculata sp. nov., O. tuscarora sp. nov., and O. contorta formed a distinct well-supported clade, bs = 99 %. The O. glacialis Group was not supported in the phylogenetic reconstruction. The O. glacialis Group (O. fosketti and O. glacialis) was paraphyletic (Fig. 50) with both species being closer to O. vanduzeea (avg. p-dist = 16.53 %, min p-dist = 12.39 % and avg. p-dist = 17.60 %, min p-dist = 15.00 %, respectively) than they were to each other (avg. p-dist = 18.1 %, min p-dist = 15.90 %) despite numerous morphological similarities (Table 3). The Taeniopterygidae are believed to be an early diverging lineage (Ricker 1949). Low bootstrap support for the O. glacialis Group and deeper nodes possibly suggest that COI data may be insufficient for resolving deeper relationships between Oemopteryx species (Ballard & Whitlock 2004). Future work may employ nuclear genes, RNA (South et al. 2021), or genomic methods to better resolve deep-level relationships between species of Taeniopterygidae.	en	Verdone, Chris J., Williams, Bronwyn W., Beaty, Steven R., Holland, Victor B., Grubbs, Scott A., Dewalt, Edward (2025): The adults, larvae, and systematics of the Nearctic Oemopteryx Klapálek, 1902 (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae). Zootaxa 5595 (1): 1-94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5595.1.1
