identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
667B9208FFFB9349C9F3FA466D3DFE7A.text	667B9208FFFB9349C9F3FA466D3DFE7A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Licea atricapilla Nannenga-Bremekamp & Yamamoto 1983	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> *  Licea atricapilla Nannenga-Bremekamp &amp; Yamamoto (1983: 208) . Fig. 2. </p>
            <p>Description:—Sporocarps scattered, stalked or rarely sessile, subglobose, usually iridescent excepting a mostly dark apical disk of refuse matter, 105–210 µm in total height, 105–145 µm in diameter. Peridium membranous, outer surface shining, covered on the top by a blackish (65) or rarely lighter cap of refuse matter. Inner peridium surface minutely warted. Dehiscence irregular or nearly circumscissile. Stalk black (267), usually ranges from 1/3 to 1/2 of the total height, but sometimes very short or almost absent. Spores almost black in mass, pale to dark olivaceous-brown (94 to 96) by transmitted light, spore wall with a thinner pale area, (11.1–) 11.5–13.0 (–13.6) µm in diameter, smooth.</p>
            <p> Material examined:—  LOC 2 (MYX 11289, MYX 11300), LOC 11 (MYX 10203), LOC 17 (MYX 10170, MYX 11314) . </p>
            <p> Habitat:—bark of living trees (  Chosenia arbutifolia ), pH: 6.57–6.94 (n = 5). </p>
            <p>Distribution:— Japan (Nannenga-Bremekamp &amp; Yamamoto 1983; Yamamoto 1998), Far East of Russia (approximately 1000 km northwest of the type location in Japan).</p>
            <p>Notes:—Our specimens are fully consistent with the original description (Nannenga-Bremekamp &amp; Yamamoto 1983), although they have slightly smaller sporocarps (105–210 µm in total height vs. 260 µm).</p>
            <p> Licea metallica D. Wrigley, T.W. Ko Ko, W.C. Rosing &amp; S.L. Stephenson , described from northern Laos (Wrigley de Basanta et al. 2017) and  L. iridescens H.W. Keller &amp; V.M. Marshall , described from the USA (Keller &amp; Marshall 2019), are similar to  L. atricapilla (Table 1).  Licea metallica , according to the original description, differs from  L. atricapilla by subsessile sporocarps, light apical disc, and irregular dehiscence. However, our  Licea atricapilla specimens, along with typical sporocarps on short stalks (Fig. 2, A, B, D, and E), have several subsessile sporocarps (Fig. 2 C and F), and some specimens have not black but lighter-colored apical disc (Fig. 2 A). The sessile form of  L. atricapilla also occurs among Japanese specimens (Yamamoto, 1998, p. 136). The dehiscence type in our specimens is unclear, but appears not to be distinctly ring-shaped. </p>
            <p> The original description of  Licea iridescens does not provide any features distinguishing this species from  Licea atricapilla . However, analyzing the description and illustrations, it appears that this species has both sporocarps on short stalks and sessile forms (Keller &amp; Marshall, 2019, Figs. 4 F and 6 A). Additionally, the apical disk can be either almost black or lighter-colored, orange-brown (l.c., Fig., 3 F, 4 C, 6 C). Crystal inclusions in the peridium occur both in  L. iridescens (l.c., Fig. 4 A) and in  L. atricapilla (Fig. 2 A). </p>
            <p> The microhabitats of  L. atricapilla ,  L. metallica , and  L. iridescens are also similar. Our  L. atricapilla specimens were obtained in a moist chamber on the bark of  Chosenia arbutifolia with pH 6.57–6.94 (mean = 6,79).  L. metallica was found on the bark of unidentified trees with pH 5.0–6.5 (mean = 5.9) (Wrigley de Basanta et al. 2017). In the original descriptions of  L. atricapilla and  L. iridescens , no data are given on pH of the bark of  Cinnamomum camphora and  Ulmus americana , respectively; however, according to other studies from the adjacent geographical regions, pH of  Cinnamomum camphora is 5.2–7.9 (mean = 6.6) (Takahashi 2014) and pH of  Ulmus americana about 7.0 (Parker &amp; Keller 2003 as cited by Kilgore et al. 2008). Therefore, all three species apparently prefer the bark of deciduous trees with pH ~ 6–7. </p>
            <p> Other features such as characteristics of the outer and inner peridia, size, color, and ornamentation of the spores, height and diameter of the sporocarps, also do not differ significantly between these three species (Table 1). All characteristics vary within a common range. However, we consider  L. metallica and  L. iridescens as separate morphological species, until a comparison of marker gene sequences and morphological features of our and/or type specimens of  L. atricapilla from Japan with the type specimens of  L. metallica and  L. iridescens are made. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/667B9208FFFB9349C9F3FA466D3DFE7A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bortnikov, Fedor M.;Gmoshinskiy, Vladimir I.;Novozhilov, Yuri K.	Bortnikov, Fedor M., Gmoshinskiy, Vladimir I., Novozhilov, Yuri K. (2022): Species of Licea Schrad. (Myxomycetes) in Kedrovaya Pad State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Far East, Russia), including two new species. Phytotaxa 541 (1): 21-48, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.3
667B9208FFFC934AC9F3F8126CCFFE7B.text	667B9208FFFC934AC9F3F8126CCFFE7B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Licea belmontiana Nannenga-Bremekamp 1966	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Licea belmontiana Nannenga-Bremekamp (1966: 337) . Fig. 3. </p>
            <p>Description:—Sporocarps scattered or in sparse groups, sessile, polygonal, 45–75 (–105) µm in diameter, dark brown (56 to 59), somewhat shiny. Peridium with small amount of granular inclusions, translucent, pale yellowish-brown (89 to 76) by transmitted light. Margins of peridial plates often uneven or minutely crenulate, without warts and tubercles. Dehiscence along preformed ridges. Spores dark brown in mass, light olive-brown (94) with a pale area by transmitted light, (10.3–) 11.7–13.3 (–14.0) µm in diameter, smooth.</p>
            <p> Material examined:—  LOC 2 (MYX 11323), LOC 39 (MYX 11326) . </p>
            <p> Habitat:—bark of living trees (  Chosenia arbutifolia ), pH: 7.09–7.31 (n = 2). </p>
            <p>Notes:—This species can be recognized by small, slightly shiny sporocarps, peridial plates without warts and outgrowths, and smooth spores approximately 13 µm in diameter (Nannenga-Bremekamp 1966).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/667B9208FFFC934AC9F3F8126CCFFE7B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bortnikov, Fedor M.;Gmoshinskiy, Vladimir I.;Novozhilov, Yuri K.	Bortnikov, Fedor M., Gmoshinskiy, Vladimir I., Novozhilov, Yuri K. (2022): Species of Licea Schrad. (Myxomycetes) in Kedrovaya Pad State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Far East, Russia), including two new species. Phytotaxa 541 (1): 21-48, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.3
667B9208FFFF934AC9F3FE086D77FD5A.text	667B9208FFFF934AC9F3FE086D77FD5A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Licea biforis Morgan 1893	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Licea biforis Morgan (1893: 131) . Fig. 4. </p>
            <p> Habitat:—bark of living trees (  Betula cf. lanata ,  Tilia amurensis ), pH: 5.30–5.75 (n = 2). </p>
            <p> Material examined:—  LOC 14 (the herbarium specimen is absent, since it was recorded only on the basis of sporocarp photographs which clear show all typical morphological features of this species), LOC 23 (MYX 10115) . </p>
            <p>Notes:—This species is easily distinguished by its elongated sessile sporocarps, which dehisce in two halves along the apical longitudinal line, and, globose to oval light yellow verruculose spores 10.1–14.3 µm in diameter.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/667B9208FFFF934AC9F3FE086D77FD5A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bortnikov, Fedor M.;Gmoshinskiy, Vladimir I.;Novozhilov, Yuri K.	Bortnikov, Fedor M., Gmoshinskiy, Vladimir I., Novozhilov, Yuri K. (2022): Species of Licea Schrad. (Myxomycetes) in Kedrovaya Pad State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Far East, Russia), including two new species. Phytotaxa 541 (1): 21-48, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.3
667B9208FFFF934BC9F3FD686909FE7B.text	667B9208FFFF934BC9F3FD686909FE7B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Licea castanea G. Lister 1911	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Licea castanea Lister (1911: 61) . Fig. 5. </p>
            <p> Material examined:—  LOC 17 (MYX 10162, MYX 10165, MYX 10171) . </p>
            <p> Habitat:—bark of living trees (  Chosenia arbutifolia ), pH: 6.59–6.86 (n = 3). </p>
            <p>Notes:—The distinguishing features of this species are rounded pulvinated to elongated sporocarps of chestnutbrown color with lighter dehiscence lines; the peridial plates whose margins are marked with small warts; spores smooth from pale olive to brown in mass, 8–12 µm in diameter (Lister 1911; Martin &amp; Alexopoulos 1969). Our specimens are generally consistent with the species description (Lister 1911; Martin &amp; Alexopoulos 1969) and have sporocarps 0.13–0.23 mm in diameter, dehisce by plates, whose margins are marked by pale warts of irregular size and shape and spores 9.6–10.6 µm in diameter. Under SEM, the inner peridium surface has ornamentation consisting of irregularly arranged, winding, or angular rounded muri of varying thickness. The ornament elements do not form a distinct reticulum, but rather a maze-like pattern and with rounded, almost smooth dents at the points of contact with the spores.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/667B9208FFFF934BC9F3FD686909FE7B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bortnikov, Fedor M.;Gmoshinskiy, Vladimir I.;Novozhilov, Yuri K.	Bortnikov, Fedor M., Gmoshinskiy, Vladimir I., Novozhilov, Yuri K. (2022): Species of Licea Schrad. (Myxomycetes) in Kedrovaya Pad State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Far East, Russia), including two new species. Phytotaxa 541 (1): 21-48, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.3
667B9208FFFE934BC9F3FE086AB7F815.text	667B9208FFFE934BC9F3FE086AB7F815.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Licea craterioides Yamamoto 1991	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> *  Licea craterioides Yamamoto (1991: 12) . Fig. 6. </p>
            <p>Description:—Sporocarps scattered or in small groups, sessile, short cylindrical to subglobose, 200–290 µm in height, 140–280 µm in diameter, narrowed downward, grayish olive (110) to almost black (267). Peridium covered with refuse matter, the inner surface bears small warts, that are often connected by thin ridges forming an incomplete net of irregular branched lines. Dehiscence circumscissile by preformed lid on the apex. Lid often darker than the rest of peridium. Spores from dark brown to almost black in mass, grayish greenish yellow (105) to dark grayish olive (111) by transmitted light, with paler area, (12.5–) 13.5–14.8 (–15.2) µm in diameter, smooth.</p>
            <p> Material examined:—  LOC 32 (MYX 10060) . </p>
            <p> Habitat:—bark of living trees (  Syringa amurensis ), pH: 5.23 (n = 1). </p>
            <p>Distribution:— Japan (Yamamoto 1991), Far East of Russia.</p>
            <p> Notes:—This rare species was described from Japan (Yamamoto 1991) and this is the first record made outside of that country. The key features of  L. craterioides are small dark sessile sporocarps, usually short and cylindrical with a preformed operculum, which reminds of the members of the genus  Craterium , finely warted surface of the inner peridium, and smooth spores. Our specimen consists of a few sporocarps and has slightly larger spores than it was indicated in the original description (12.5–15.2 μm vs. 11–12.7) but does not differ by any other features.  L. craterioides can be distinguished from  L. parasitica on the basis of the sporocarp shape (short cylindrical vs. pulvinate). The inner peridium ornamentation of the both species is similar by transmitted light, but is different by scanning electron micrograph.  L. parasitica has individual scattered warts (Fig. 10 E), whereas  L. craterioides has warts connected by thin ridges or fused (Fig. 6 D). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/667B9208FFFE934BC9F3FE086AB7F815	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bortnikov, Fedor M.;Gmoshinskiy, Vladimir I.;Novozhilov, Yuri K.	Bortnikov, Fedor M., Gmoshinskiy, Vladimir I., Novozhilov, Yuri K. (2022): Species of Licea Schrad. (Myxomycetes) in Kedrovaya Pad State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Far East, Russia), including two new species. Phytotaxa 541 (1): 21-48, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.3
667B9208FFF19344C9F3FF286A15F8CD.text	667B9208FFF19344C9F3FF286A15F8CD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Licea kleistobolus G. W. Martin 1942	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Licea kleistobolus G.W. Martin (1942: 702) . Fig. 7. </p>
            <p> Material examined:—  LOC 2 (MYX 11292), LOC 17 (only record and photograph), LOC 24 (MYX 11322), LOC 27 (MYX 11319), LOC 28 (MYX 11133) . </p>
            <p> Habitat:—bark of living trees (  Abies holophylla ,  Chosenia arbutifolia and  Pinus koraiensis ), pH: 4.06–6.94 (n = 5). </p>
            <p>Notes:—Our specimens have all the typical features of this species: small sessile, round or oval when seen from above, sporocarps 80–105 μm in diameter with a noticeable operculum that has metallic sheen, an inner peridium with large rounded warts and elongated protuberances, and spores with groups of warts 8.9–10.7 μm in diameter (Martin 1942; Martin &amp; Alexopoulos 1969).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/667B9208FFF19344C9F3FF286A15F8CD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bortnikov, Fedor M.;Gmoshinskiy, Vladimir I.;Novozhilov, Yuri K.	Bortnikov, Fedor M., Gmoshinskiy, Vladimir I., Novozhilov, Yuri K. (2022): Species of Licea Schrad. (Myxomycetes) in Kedrovaya Pad State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Far East, Russia), including two new species. Phytotaxa 541 (1): 21-48, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.3
667B9208FFF19346C9F3F8E26C50F7C7.text	667B9208FFF19346C9F3F8E26C50F7C7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Licea mariae Bortnikov 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> *  Licea mariae Bortnikov sp. nov. Fig. 8. </p>
            <p>Mycobank: MB 834433</p>
            <p>  Holotype: MYX 11149, RUSSIAN FEDERATION, KPSNBR, N 43°06’45.0’’ E 131°26’48.9’’, coniferous forest, on the bark of living  Abies holophylla , in mcc, pH=5.31, bark sampling 13 August 2017, mcc starting 09 February 2018, sporocarps sampling 27 April 2018, leg. Bortnikov F. M. </p>
            <p> Paratypes: LE 327753 ,  KPSNBR, the same locality, and substrate sample, but mcc starting 03 October 2019, sporocarps sampling 20 December 2019, leg. Bortnikov F. M.; MYX 8202 ,  KPSNBR, N 43°06’08.2’’ E 131°34’04.2’’ , oak forest, on the bark of living  Quercus mongolica , in mcc, bark sampling 21 July 2016, mcc starting 14 September2016, sporocarps sampling 13 October 2016, leg. Bortnikov  F. M.; MYX 8203 ,  KPSNBR, N 43°06’08.2’’ E 131°34’04.2’’ , oak forest, on the bark of living  Quercus mongolica , in mcc, bark sampling 21 July 2016, mcc starting 14 September 2016, sporocarps sampling November 2016, leg. Bortnikov  F. M.; MYX 10243 ,  KPSNBR, N 43°05’23.8’’ E 131°28’27.4’’ , oak forest, on rotten wood, in mcc, pH=4.87, wood sampling 30 July 2017, mcc starting 11 October 2018, sporocarps sampling 22 December 2018, leg. Bortnikov  F. M.; MYX 11001 ,  KPSNBR, N 43°05’35.1’’ E 131°33’09.7’’ , oak forest, on the bark of living  Quercus mongolica , in mcc, pH=6.27, bark sampling 10 August 2017, mcc starting 09 February 2018, sporocarps sampling 18 May 2018, leg. Bortnikov  F. M.; MYX 11260 ,  KPSNBR, N 43°05’54.8’’ E 131°33’40.7’’ , oak forest, on the bark of living  Quercus mongolica , in mcc, pH=6.49, bark sampling 22 August 2017, mcc starting 09 February 2018, sporocarps sampling 11 April 2018, leg. Bortnikov F. M. </p>
            <p>Etymology:—species is named after Maria P. Andreeva, who was a school biology teacher of the first author, as a symbol of his deep appreciation.</p>
            <p>Description:—Sporocarps scattered or in small groups, pulvinate, approximately 0.24–0.56 × 0.20–0.37 mm in diameter (average 0.42 × 0.30), black (267). Peridium outside opaque, with inclusions of granular refuse matter, dehiscence lines concolorous but distinctive. Inner peridium smooth and glossy by reflected light, finely fibrous under SEM, moderate greenish yellow (102) to light olive (106) or light olive brown (94) by transmitted light, dehiscence lines blackish green (152) to black (267). Margins of peridial plates with evenly distributed conic thickenings about 2 µm in height. The teeth of adjacent plates connected by apexes in a way of a zipper. Dehiscence along preformed lines. Peridial plates 4 to 8. Spores brilliant yellow (83) to strong yellow (84) in mass, almost colorless or barely pigmented by transmitted light, thinner-walled on one side, globose, (13–) 14.5–16.5 (–17.5) µm in diameter (mean: 15.48, SD: 0.99, n = 94), smooth. Plasmodium not observed.</p>
            <p> Material examined:—  LOC 3 (MYX 8202, MYX 8203), LOC 14 (MYX 10243), LOC 22 (MYX 11001), LOC 28 (MYX 11149, LE 327753), LOC 38 (MYX 11260) . </p>
            <p> Habitat:—bark of living trees (  Quercus mongolica ,  Abies holophylla ) and rotten wood (in oak forest), pH: 4.87– 6.49 (n = 5). </p>
            <p>Distribution:—known only from the type territory.</p>
            <p>Notes:—The main distinguishing features of the new species are matte black sporocarps, large smooth spores, which are golden yellow in mass, and the peridium dehiscence by plates with zip-like junctions and conical spines on the edges.</p>
            <p> The most morphologically similar species is  L. castanea G. Lister , which also has peridium composed of plates and light-colored spores, but differs from  L. mariae by the color of the peridium, which is chestnut brown (instead of black) and bears light-colored dehiscence lines, and smaller spores (8–12 μm vs. 13–17 in  L. mariae ) (Lister 1911; Martin &amp; Alexopoulos 1969, see also Fig. 5). Additionally, in our specimens of  L. castanea the inner peridium surface is coarser than the one of  L. mariae which is finely fibrous under SEM (compare Fig. 5 I and Fig. 8 H–I). </p>
            <p> L. belmontiana Nann. -Bremek.,  L. deplanata Kowalski , and  L. tuberculata G.W. Martin also have sessile sporocarps with peridium that dehisces along preformed lines and smooth spores. </p>
            <p> However,  L. belmontiana has more than two times smaller, shiny, not matte sporocarps, 0.05-0.15 mm in diameter (vs. 0.24-0.56 mm of  L. mariae ), dark-brown, not golden-yellow spores, thinner peridium and irregular smooth peridial plates margins without any warts or outgrowths (Nannenga-Bremekamp 1966). In KPSNBR we found the specimens of  L. belmontiana , which correspond well to the original description (Nannenga-Bremekamp 1966) and have evident differences from  L. mariae (compare Figs. 3 and 8). Furthermore, they were never recorded from the same type of substrate:  L. mariae was discovered on the bark of  Quercus mongolicum and  Abies holophylla and once on rotten wood in the oak forest, pH=4.87-6.49, whereas  L. belmontiana was found on the bark of  Chosenia arbutifolia with pH=7.09- 7.31. </p>
            <p> L. deplanata differs from  L. mariae by extremely flattened, not pulvinate sporocarps, peridial plate margins, decorated with several rows of gradually diminishing papillae, not huge conical outgrowths as in  L. mariae (compare Fig. 8 and Kowalski 1970, Fig. 1–3) and smaller spores (11–13 μm vs. 13.5-17.5) (Kowalski 1970). What is more, we have never observed  L. mariae on leaf litter, which is the preferred substrate type of  L. deplanata (Kowalski 1970) . </p>
            <p> L. tuberculata has smaller dark brown spores 10–11 μm in diameter and tuberous surface of the outer peridium layer (Martin 1957; Lakhanpal et al. 1990). </p>
            <p> L. punctiformis G.W. Martin and  L. tenera E. Jahn have irregular dehiscence of sporocarps and golden-yellow spores in mass, which are ornamented with small spines (Martin &amp; Alexopoulos 1969). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/667B9208FFF19346C9F3F8E26C50F7C7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bortnikov, Fedor M.;Gmoshinskiy, Vladimir I.;Novozhilov, Yuri K.	Bortnikov, Fedor M., Gmoshinskiy, Vladimir I., Novozhilov, Yuri K. (2022): Species of Licea Schrad. (Myxomycetes) in Kedrovaya Pad State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Far East, Russia), including two new species. Phytotaxa 541 (1): 21-48, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.3
667B9208FFF59340C9F3FF2869ADFC62.text	667B9208FFF59340C9F3FF2869ADFC62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Licea operculata (Wingate 1889) Martin 1942	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Licea operculata (Wingate 1889: 280) Martin (1942: 702) . Fig. 9. </p>
            <p>Material examined:— LOC 5 (MYX 8217, MYX 8218, MYX 10186), LOC 7 (MYX 10459, MYX 10460), LOC 12 (MYX 10356, MYX 10359, MYX 10364, MYX 10366, MYX 10368), LOC 13 (MYX 10223, MYX 10226), LOC 22 (MYX 10489, MYX 10493), LOC 23 (MYX 10119), LOC 24 (only the specimen photograph), MYX 11006, MYX 11007, MYX 11011), LOC 25 (MYX 11026, MYX 11032, MYX 11036, MYX 11038, MYX 11043, MYX 11047, MYX 11051, MYX 11053), LOC 26 (MYX 11062, MYX 11064, MYX 11068, MYX 11074, MYX 11078, MYX 11081, MYX 11085, MYX 11088, MYX 11092, MYX 11097), LOC 27 (MYX 11101, MYX 11105, MYX 11107, MYX 11112, MYX 11120, MYX 11129, MYX 11130), LOC 28 (only as the specimen photograph, MYX 11153, MYX 11159, MYX 11161, MYX 11164), LOC 29 (MYX 11167, MYX 11169, MYX 11170, MYX 11175, MYX 11182, MYX 11185, MYX 11190, MYX 11193, MYX 11194), LOC 30 (specimen is absent, MYX 11199, MYX 11201, MYX 11210), LOC 33 (MYX 10072, MYX 10075), LOC 34 (only as the specimen photograph, MYX 10002, MYX 10005, MYX 10078, MYX 10089), LOC 35 (MYX 10012, MYX 10017, MYX 10018).</p>
            <p> Habitat:—bark of living trees (  Abies holophylla ,  A. nephrolepis ,  Acer ukurunduense ,  Alnus hirsuta ,  Betula schmidtii ,  Phellodendron amurense ,  Pinus koraiensis ,  Quercus mongolica ,  Taxus cuspidata and  Tilia amurensis ) and plant litter (in mixed forest), pH: 4.13–6.42 (n = 72). </p>
            <p> Notes:—  Licea operculata is the most common species of the genus  Licea in KPSNBR. It is easily recognized by large stalked sporocarps that dehisce with a distinct operculum. Spores appear smooth or slightly rough by transmitted light, however SEM shows that the spores are densely covered with small warts. Under SEM, the inner peridium is covered with two types of warts: smaller simple ones and larger complex ones that consist of several warts clustered together, like raspberries. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/667B9208FFF59340C9F3FF2869ADFC62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bortnikov, Fedor M.;Gmoshinskiy, Vladimir I.;Novozhilov, Yuri K.	Bortnikov, Fedor M., Gmoshinskiy, Vladimir I., Novozhilov, Yuri K. (2022): Species of Licea Schrad. (Myxomycetes) in Kedrovaya Pad State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Far East, Russia), including two new species. Phytotaxa 541 (1): 21-48, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.3
667B9208FFF59340C9F3FC006D8BFAFE.text	667B9208FFF59340C9F3FC006D8BFAFE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Licea parasitica (Zukal 1893) Martin 1942	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Licea parasitica (Zukal 1893: 73) Martin (1942: 702) . Fig. 10. </p>
            <p> Material examined:—  LOC 3 (MYX 8199, MYX 8200), LOC 5 (only as the specimen photograph), LOC 11 (MYX 10191, MYX 10193), LOC 13 (MYX 10224, MYX 10229), LOC 14 (MYX 10122, MYX 10125, MYX 10370, MYX 10381, MYX 10383), LOC 22 (MYX 10110), LOC 28 (MYX 11135, MYX 11145), LOC 34 (MYX 10079, MYX 10082, MYX 10085, MYX 10087) . </p>
            <p> Habitat:—bark of living trees (  Abies nephrolepis ,  Acer mandshuricum ,  Betula cf. lanata ,  B. mandshurica ,  Phellodendron amurense ,  Pinus koraiensis , and  Quercus mongolica ), pH: 4.33–5.97 (n = 17). </p>
            <p>Notes:—This common species is easily recognized by small flattened black sporocarps with a distinct operculum of the same color and by smooth spores (10.7–) 12.7–16.5 (–17.5) μm in diameter with unevenly thickened walls.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/667B9208FFF59340C9F3FC006D8BFAFE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bortnikov, Fedor M.;Gmoshinskiy, Vladimir I.;Novozhilov, Yuri K.	Bortnikov, Fedor M., Gmoshinskiy, Vladimir I., Novozhilov, Yuri K. (2022): Species of Licea Schrad. (Myxomycetes) in Kedrovaya Pad State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Far East, Russia), including two new species. Phytotaxa 541 (1): 21-48, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.3
667B9208FFF59340C9F3FAF46D65F8E6.text	667B9208FFF59340C9F3FAF46D65F8E6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Licea pedicellata (Gilbert 1934) Gilbert	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Licea pedicellata (Gilbert 1934: 153) Gilbert in Martin (1942: 702). Fig. 11. </p>
            <p>Description:—Sporocarps black (267), about 450-520 µm in total height, stalk thick, wrinkled. Stalk continuous with outer peridium. Inner peridium surface warted. Dehiscence into irregular platelets. Spores yellowish brown (74 to 76) by transmitted light, (10.2–) 10.9–11.8 (–12) µm in diameter, minutely rough by transmitted light, densely covered by small warts under SEM.</p>
            <p>Material examined:—LOC 22 (MYX 10485).</p>
            <p> Habitat:—bark of living trees (  Quercus mongolica ), pH: 5.84 (n = 1). </p>
            <p> Notes:—The shape of sporocarps of  Licea pedicellata is similar to  L. rugosa but differs from the former by its finely and densely warted spores (Novozhilov et al. 2017; Figs. 15), which are completely smooth (Fig. 17 J, M) in  L. rugosa . Additionally, our specimen of  L. pedicellata has larger sporocarps than was noted in the description of  L. rugosa (Nannenga-Bremekamp &amp; Yamamoto 1987; Wrigley de Basanta &amp; Lado 2005). This species was previously found in Primorsky Krai (Russia) in the Sikhote-Alin State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Novozhilov et al. 2017). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/667B9208FFF59340C9F3FAF46D65F8E6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bortnikov, Fedor M.;Gmoshinskiy, Vladimir I.;Novozhilov, Yuri K.	Bortnikov, Fedor M., Gmoshinskiy, Vladimir I., Novozhilov, Yuri K. (2022): Species of Licea Schrad. (Myxomycetes) in Kedrovaya Pad State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Far East, Russia), including two new species. Phytotaxa 541 (1): 21-48, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.3
667B9208FFF59342C9F3F88C6B72FCB7.text	667B9208FFF59342C9F3F88C6B72FCB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Licea poculiformis Ukkola 1998	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> *  Licea poculiformis Ukkola (1998: 5) . Fig. 12. </p>
            <p>Description:—Our specimen consists of only 3 dark goblet-shaped sporocarps, 135–170 µm in total height and 95–110 µm in diameter, with a light distinct cap and spores from light to pale greenish-yellow (105 to 109) by transmitted light, (9.7–) 9.9 –11.7 (–12.3) µm in diameter, with a paler area, smooth under LM.</p>
            <p> Material examined –  LOC 12 (MYX 10222) . </p>
            <p> Habitat:—on moss growing on the bark of a living tree (  Tilia amurensis ), pH: 6,59 (n = 1). </p>
            <p>Distribution:— Tanzania (Ukkola 1998), Mexico (Lado et al. 2003), Japan (Yamamoto 2006), Poland (Ronikier et al. 2017), eastern Russia.</p>
            <p> Notes:—  Our material is consistent with the original description (Ukkola 1998); however, it has slightly larger spores, just like the specimens from Poland (KRAM M-1615): 9.7–12.3 μm in our specimens and 10–13 μm in Polish ones vs. 8.5–10 μm in specimens from the type habitat in Tanzania. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/667B9208FFF59342C9F3F88C6B72FCB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bortnikov, Fedor M.;Gmoshinskiy, Vladimir I.;Novozhilov, Yuri K.	Bortnikov, Fedor M., Gmoshinskiy, Vladimir I., Novozhilov, Yuri K. (2022): Species of Licea Schrad. (Myxomycetes) in Kedrovaya Pad State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Far East, Russia), including two new species. Phytotaxa 541 (1): 21-48, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.3
667B9208FFF79342C9F3FC3D6AC4F99F.text	667B9208FFF79342C9F3FC3D6AC4F99F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Licea pseudoconica Keller & Brooks 1977	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> *  Licea pseudoconica Keller &amp; Brooks (1977: 678) . Fig. 13. </p>
            <p>Description:—Sporocarps scattered, sessile, hemispherical to globose, but look more or less conical due to the accumulation of light refuse matter, partially crystalline, at the top of sporocarps (occasionally such a cap is missing), brownish-black (65) to black (267), 55–80 µm in total height, 40–60 µm wide. Peridium membranous, translucent, outside covered by refuse matter. Inner peridium surface warted, under SEM covered by large rounded warts, sometimes merging in groups of 2–5. Dehiscence irregular or more or less circumscissile to the sporocarp base. Spores almost black in mass, light olive to moderate olive (106 to 107) by transmitted light, with paler area on one side, (12.2–) 12.6–13.8 (–14.2) µm in diameter, smooth. Plasmodium not observed.</p>
            <p> Material examined:—  LOC 2 (MYX 11280, MYX 11286, MYX 11288, MYX 11298, MYX 11305, MYX 11310), LOC 11 (MYX 10210) . </p>
            <p> Habitat:—bark of living trees (  Chosenia arbutifolia ), pH: 6.40–7.31 (n = 7). </p>
            <p>Distribution:— USA and Mexico (Keller &amp; Brooks 1977), France (Lado 1994), Belize (Ing &amp; Hynes 1999), Tanzania (Mitchell &amp; Stampfer 2004), Japan (Yamamoto 2006), Cuba (Camino et al. 2008), southern Vietnam (Novozhilov, pers. obs.) and eastern Russia.</p>
            <p> Notes:—Our specimens have slightly larger spores than indicated in the original description (12.6–13.8 μm vs. 9.5–11 μm), but otherwise they are fully consistent with it (Keller &amp; Brooks 1977). The most characteristic feature of  L. pseudoconica is hemispherical to spherical black sporocarps, which however appear almost conical due to the light-colored cap of refuse matter. For this reason, Keller and Braun (1977) figuratively compared the sporocarps of  L. pseudoconica to “miniature snow-capped mountains”.Due to its small size and similarity with ascomycete perithecia, this species can often be overlooked by researchers. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/667B9208FFF79342C9F3FC3D6AC4F99F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bortnikov, Fedor M.;Gmoshinskiy, Vladimir I.;Novozhilov, Yuri K.	Bortnikov, Fedor M., Gmoshinskiy, Vladimir I., Novozhilov, Yuri K. (2022): Species of Licea Schrad. (Myxomycetes) in Kedrovaya Pad State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Far East, Russia), including two new species. Phytotaxa 541 (1): 21-48, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.3
667B9208FFF7935DC9F3F9156A46FE7B.text	667B9208FFF7935DC9F3F9156A46FE7B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Licea pusilla Schrader 1797	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Licea pusilla Schrader (1797: 19) Fig. 14. </p>
            <p>Description:—Sporocarps gregarious, small, 130–210 µm in diameter, black (267). Peridium concolorous, usually consists of 4–6 plates, yellowish-brown (77) to olivaceous green (125) by transmitted light. Dehiscence lines smoother and brighter than the rest of peridium. Inner peridium covered with tiniest warts, that are visible only under SEM at high magnification, peridial margins with large outgrowths and warts, that visible both by transmitted light and SEM. Spores dark olive (108) to black (267) in mass, wall with pale area, olive brown (95) by transmitted light, (12.8–) 13.9–17.2 (–19.4) µm, warted.</p>
            <p> Material examined:—  LOC 5 (MYX 8232, MYX 8233, MYX 8270, MYX 8271, MYX 8273), LOC 14 (MYX 11320), LOC 24 (MYX 11014, MYX 11324), LOC 26 (MYX 11094) . </p>
            <p> Habitat:—bark of living trees (  Abies holophylla ,  Betula cf. lanata , and  Pinus koraiensis ) and rotten deciduous wood, pH: 5.18–5.54 (n = 9). </p>
            <p> Notes:—The peridial plates margins are covered in most cases with a number of rather large warts. Under SEM, the inner peridium surface is generally decorated with extremely small simple warts, approximately 0.1 μm in diameter (MYX 8271, MYX 8233). The specimen MYX 11014 has larger warts (on average 0.2 μm) with a complex structure resembling the ones on the inner peridium of  L. pygmaea or  L. operculata (Fig. 15 H, I, Fig. 9 G–J), although the size of the spores is the same as of  L. pusilla . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/667B9208FFF7935DC9F3F9156A46FE7B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bortnikov, Fedor M.;Gmoshinskiy, Vladimir I.;Novozhilov, Yuri K.	Bortnikov, Fedor M., Gmoshinskiy, Vladimir I., Novozhilov, Yuri K. (2022): Species of Licea Schrad. (Myxomycetes) in Kedrovaya Pad State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Far East, Russia), including two new species. Phytotaxa 541 (1): 21-48, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.3
667B9208FFE8935DC9F3FE086C57F903.text	667B9208FFE8935DC9F3FE086C57F903.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Licea pygmaea (Meylan 1933) Ing 1982	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Licea pygmaea (Meylan 1933: 89) Ing (1982: 443) Fig. 15. </p>
            <p>Description:—Sporocarps gregarious, small, 130–260 µm in diameter, black (267). Peridium concolorous, usually consists of 4–6 plates, yellowish-brown, reddish-brown to greenish olive (125) by transmitted light. Inner peridium covered with small warts, plates margins with outgrowths and warts. Spores dark olive (108) to black (267) in mass, olivaceous brown (95) by transmitted light, with unevenly thickened wall, (9.5–) 10.7–12.2 (–13.3) µm in diameter, warted.</p>
            <p> Material examined:—   LOC 3 (MYX 8201), LOC 5 (MYX 8272), LOC 12 (MYX 10237), LOC 14 (MYX 10242, MYX 10249), LOC 15 (MYX 10265), LOC 16 (field specimen MYX 11331, it was found together with  Stemonitis axifera ), LOC 19 (MYX 10289), LOC 25 (MYX 10297, MYX 10298, MYX 10299), LOC 26 (MYX 11321), LOC 28 (MYX 11325)  . </p>
            <p> Habitat:—oak and coniferous forests, on rotten wood, plant litter, and bark of living trees (  Abies holophylla ,  Pinus koraiensis and  Quercus mongolica ), pH: 4.13–5.90 (n = 10). </p>
            <p> Notes:—Our  L. pusilla and  L. pygmaea specimens are very similar in size, shape, and color of sporocarps, in dehiscence type, and in color and ornamentation of spores. The features commonly used to separate these species are the spore size (larger spores in  L. pusilla ) and the inner peridium ornamentation (almost smooth in  L. pusilla vs. warted in  L. pygmaea ) (Ing 1999). The spores of our specimens are indeed somewhat different, 9.5–13.3 μm in  L. pygmaea vs. 12.8–19.4 μm in  L. pusilla ; however, these ranges overlap (Fig. 16). Moreover, we found no stable differences in the inner peridium structure. Generally, in our  L. pygmaea specimens, warts on the peridium inner surface are larger (0.15–0.20 μm) and have complex structure (Fig. 15 H, I); in  L. pusilla specimens, the warts are about 0.1 μm and have simple structure (Fig. 14 G, H) (which is consistent, for example, with the study of Gilert 1996, Figs. 4 and 6). However, there are also  L. pusilla specimens with composite large warts (Fig. 14 F). Outgrowths and warts on the margins of peridial plates in  L. pusilla are often quite large and arranged in a single row (Fig. 14 D, E), and in  L. pygmaea , they are smaller and often arranged in 2–3 rows (Fig. 15 E, F). However, this feature is not completely stable either (Fig. 15 D). </p>
            <p> The rank of  Licea pygmaea was raised to the species level (from  L. pusilla var. pygmaea Meyl. ) by Ing (1982), who wrote: “As varieties tend to be overlooked in most floristic works, they are often under-recorded and not studied sufficiently. In view of the differences between  L. pusilla and  L. pygmaea it seems not unreasonable to raise  var. pygmaea to specific rank in the hope that more collections will be made”. However, the author himself mentioned that Martin &amp; Alexopoulos (1969) and Nannenga-Bremekamp (1965) reported the existence of transitional forms. Nannenga - Bremekamp (1965) stated that there are specimens with intermediate spore size of approximately 14 μm (which our data also supports, see MYX 8233, MYX 8270 and MYX 8271 on Fig. 16). Lado et al. (2011) wrote about  L. pygmaea specimens with the almost smooth inner peridium, with the exception of a small number of warts on the edges. At the same time, we have a  L. pusilla specimen, MYX 11014, with rather large warts on the inner peridium (Fig. 14 F). Our  L. pusilla and  L. pygmaea specimens almost do not differ by the sporocarps size. All these facts, in our opinion, confirm the hypothesis that  L. pusilla and  L. pygmaea could belong to the one greatly variable species or a group of species, and additional studies are required in order to determine their status. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/667B9208FFE8935DC9F3FE086C57F903	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bortnikov, Fedor M.;Gmoshinskiy, Vladimir I.;Novozhilov, Yuri K.	Bortnikov, Fedor M., Gmoshinskiy, Vladimir I., Novozhilov, Yuri K. (2022): Species of Licea Schrad. (Myxomycetes) in Kedrovaya Pad State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Far East, Russia), including two new species. Phytotaxa 541 (1): 21-48, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.3
667B9208FFE8935FC9F3F8A06AD3FA70.text	667B9208FFE8935FC9F3F8A06AD3FA70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Licea rugosa Nannenga-Bremekamp & Yamamoto 1987	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Licea rugosa Nannenga-Bremekamp &amp; Yamamoto (1987: 326) Fig. 17. </p>
            <p>Description:—Sporocarps black (267), stalked, about 140–270 µm in total height. Sporotheca 90–140 µm in diameter. Inner peridium warted, dehiscence along preformed lines into irregular fragments. Stalk about 70–150 µm, thick, wrinkled. Spores dark brown to black in mass, dark olivaceous (108) by transmitted light, paler on one side, (10.7–) 12.5–15.7 (–17.2) µm in diameter, smooth.</p>
            <p> Material examined:—  LOC 2 (MYX 11295, MYX 11301, MYX 11307), LOC 10 (recorded only by photo), LOC 11 (MYX 10196, MYX 10202, MYX 10209), LOC 16 (MYX 10147), LOC 37 (MYX 10028) . </p>
            <p> Habitat:—bark of living trees (  Acer mandshuricum ,  Chosenia arbutifolia ,  Kalopanax septemlobus ,  Quercus mongolica and  Ulmus japonica ), pH: 6.40–7.27 (n = 9). </p>
            <p> Notes:—This species has recently been found in the Russian Far East (Novozhilov et al., 2017). The specimen MYX 10196 is identified as  L. rugosa var. fujiokana . It has smaller (9.6–10.6 μm) and slightly light colored spores than  L. rugosa var. rugosa , which is the main distinguishing feature of this variety (Wrigley de Basanta &amp; Lado 2005) (compare Fig. 17 J and K).  L. rugosa var. fujiokana has sporocarps 120–195 μm in height, stalk 70–120 μm in height, and sporotheca 60–80 μm in diameter. The peridium surface in the dry state is more wrinkled than that the one in  L. rugosa var. rugosa (compare Fig. 17 A–C and D–H). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/667B9208FFE8935FC9F3F8A06AD3FA70	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bortnikov, Fedor M.;Gmoshinskiy, Vladimir I.;Novozhilov, Yuri K.	Bortnikov, Fedor M., Gmoshinskiy, Vladimir I., Novozhilov, Yuri K. (2022): Species of Licea Schrad. (Myxomycetes) in Kedrovaya Pad State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Far East, Russia), including two new species. Phytotaxa 541 (1): 21-48, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.3
667B9208FFEA935BC9F3FA716A78FDCB.text	667B9208FFEA935BC9F3FA716A78FDCB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Licea synchrysospora Bortnikov 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> *  Licea synchrysospora Bortnikov sp. nov. Fig. 18, 19 </p>
            <p>Mycobank MB 834434</p>
            <p>  Holotype:— MYX 11315, RUSSIAN FEDERATION, Primorsky Krai, KPSNBR, N 43°05’48.1’’ E 131°33’30.9’’, floodplain forest, on the bark of living  Chosenia arbutifolia , in mcc, pH=7.09, bark sampling 22 August 2017, mcc starting 31 October 2017, sporocarps sampling January 2018, leg. Bortnikov F. M. </p>
            <p> Paratypes:— LE 327752 , the same territory, locality and substrate sample, but mcc starting 3 October 2019, sporocarps sampling 07 December 2019, leg. Bortnikov  F. M.; LE 327751 , the same territory, N 43°06’37.7’’ E 131°25’18.1’’, coniferous forest, on the bark of living  Kalopanax septemlobus , in mcc, pH=7.06, bark sampling 19 August 2017, mcc starting 03 October 2019, sporocarps sampling 20 December 2019, leg. Bortnikov F. M. </p>
            <p>Etymology:—from Greek: σύν, together, χρυσός, gold, and σπορά, seed, due to of the golden-yellow clustered spores.</p>
            <p>Description:—Sporocarps scattered, pulvinate, almost rounded to slightly oval when viewed from above, 0.18– 0.42 mm in diameter (average 0.29 mm). Peridium black (267), and very often peridium surface with band-shaped deposits of granular material, that are brownish orange (54) to dark orange yellow (72). Peridium by transmitted light strong yellowish brown (74) to strong brown (55) with darker bands of granular matter and black dehiscence lines. Inner peridium smooth and shining by reflected light, but covered with numerous small warts with small smooth areas (probably at the points of contact with spores) under SEM. Peridial plates margins almost smooth, slightly wavy or covered with small thickenings, occasionally with very small conical outgrowths. Dehiscence along preformed lines. Spores in mass brilliant yellow (83) to yellow (84), sometimes fading to yellowish brown (74 to 75) in the herbarium, grayish olive (109) to almost colorless by transmitted light, slightly thinner-walled on one side, globose, adhering in clusters of 5–15 spores, which are rarely loose and easily disintegrate, individual spores (9.8–) 10.2–11.2 (–11.7) µm in diameter (Mean: 10.74, SD: 0.51, n = 60), almost smooth, very minutely warted by numerous small warts visible under SEM, but the smooth contact areas of the adjacent spores. Plasmodium not observed.</p>
            <p>Material examined:— LOC 37 (LE 327751), LOC 39 (MYX 11315, LE 327752).</p>
            <p> Habitat:—bark of living trees (  Chosenia arbutifolia ,  Kalopanax septemlobus ), pH: 7.06–7.09 (n = 3). </p>
            <p>Distribution:—known only from type territory.</p>
            <p> Notes:—The main features of  Licea synchrysospora are usually clustered spores that are almost smooth under LM, but distinctly finely warted under SEM; in many cases the peridium is covered with deposits of refuse matter which  form lines , as well as margins of the peridial plates with rather small thickened parts. It is interesting, that the thickened part of each spore wall faces the cluster center, and the thinner part, that serves as a germination pore, is turned on the outside (Fig. 19, A-C). This peculiarity verifies the stability of the spore cluster feature. </p>
            <p> L. confundens T.N. Lakh., Nann. -Bremek. &amp; R.K. Chopra,  L. ocellata D.W. Mitch. &amp; G. Moreno , and  L. synsporos Nann. -Bremek have spores arranged in clusters. However,  L. confundens has spores that are black by reflected light and purple-gray by transmitted light (Lakhanpal et al.,1990).  L. ocellata has sessile sporocarps with an operculum and larger spores (11.5–13 μm) with trihedral or tetrahedral warts (Mitchell &amp; Moreno 2009, Fig. 13).  L. synsporos is distinguished from  L. synchrysospora by almost spherical sporocarp, thin membrane-like peridium with thickened smooth margins, and dark brown spores in mass (Nannenga-Bremekamp 1968). </p>
            <p> L. mariae ,  L. punctiformis G.W. Martin , and  L. tenera E. Jahn also have golden-yellow spores in mass.  L. synchrysospora can be distinguished from  L. punctiformis and  L. tenera on the basis of the dehiscence pattern (preformed lines vs. irregular way, Martin &amp; Alexopoulos 1969).  L. mariae differs by free larger spores, the ornamentation of the inner peridial surface (finely fibrous vs. finely warted), and the inner peridial plates margins (large conical spikes vs. small thickenings). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/667B9208FFEA935BC9F3FA716A78FDCB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bortnikov, Fedor M.;Gmoshinskiy, Vladimir I.;Novozhilov, Yuri K.	Bortnikov, Fedor M., Gmoshinskiy, Vladimir I., Novozhilov, Yuri K. (2022): Species of Licea Schrad. (Myxomycetes) in Kedrovaya Pad State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Far East, Russia), including two new species. Phytotaxa 541 (1): 21-48, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.3
