identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
670C87FEFFB01F3CFF004ABCC069FBF0.text	670C87FEFFB01F3CFF004ABCC069FBF0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Clypeocaenis gayathri Balasubramanian & Muthukatturaja 2020	<div><p>Clypeocaenis gayathri Balasubramanian &amp; Muthukatturaja, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figures 1, 3–16)</p><p>Material examined. Holotype (in ethanol): mature nymph (Reg.No. ZSI–SRC/ I/E 401), India, Gayathripuzha River, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.56306&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.646667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.56306/lat 10.646667)">Palakkad district</a>, Kerala state, 29-XI-2018, 65 m (10º38’48” N, 76º33′47” E), collected by Balasubramanian &amp; Muthukatturaja. Paratypes: 5 mature nymphs same data as holotype (Reg. No. ZSI–SRC/ I/E 402) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Nymph: (i) clypeus slightly protruded with two long setae, 2–3 small setae on pedicel; (ii) mandible with two rows of 5–8 long, spines; (iii) fore tibiae with two rows of ventral and two rows of lateral filtering setae; femur with bifid spines, middle tibiae with trifurcated spines apically, midtarsi with row of stout spines medially, hindtibiae with bipectinate setae distally; (iv) tracheated gill covers with spines and bifurcated ridges, gills III–VI with fringe bifid, gill III with 13 bifurcated fimbriae and 17 lanceolate setae with ridges at basal region of fimbriae; (v) gill VI with 3 bifurcated fimbriae, nine lanceolate setae on ventral margin and lack of trifurcated fimbriae; (vi) tergum II with upright, backwardly curved medial projection.</p><p>Description. Mature nymph (in 95% ethanol). Body length (without cerci): 3.0–4.0 mm in male and female nymphs; cerci lengths 1.87 mm; median caudal filament 2.5 mm; antennae lengths 1.35 mm. General body coloration washed yellow dorsally and pale yellow ventrally, young specimens generally paler; legs light to medium brown.</p><p>Head (Fig. 1) length 0.81 mm, width 1.62 mm; pale yellow, eyes black, ocelli paler. Two long setae on anterior margin of clypeus and slightly protruded (Fig. 1). Antennae yellowish transparent distally, inner margin of pedicel with 2–3 short setae distally. Epicranial suture paler. Two long setae with feathered margins on posterior margin of clypeal protrusion. Labrum (Fig. 3) length 0.46 mm, width 0.27 mm, 1.7 times broad as long, emargination without setae and hair-like setae, anterior margin with row of long setae, 1/3 of labrum with row of long, thin setae posteriorly. Mandibles (Fig. 4a, b) with two rows of 5 and 8 long setae below the incisors, 1/2 of basal part of mandible chagrinated. Maxillary palp (Figs 6a, b) two-segmented; segment II two times longer than segment I, 1/2 of segment II covered with hairlike and other setae. Hypopharynx (Fig. 5): apical margin of superlingua covered with stout spines and lingua with very short spines at apical margin. Labium (Fig. 7): glossae rounded with apical spines, paraglossae covered with thin setae, labial palp three-segmented, segment III much longer than segments I and II, 2 transverse rows of stout setae at tip of distal margin, segment I with three stout setae at outer margin.</p><p>Thorax: pronotum pale yellow, margins pale brown. Anterolateral areas of pronotum produced. Mesonotum pale yellow, with black smudges between wing pads. Legs: evenly covered with scales, pale yellow with washed brown; absence of scales on macula on fore femur, middle and hind femora with scales on macula. Foreleg (Fig. 8): lengths of femur/ tibia/ tarsus/ claw viz., 1.08/ 0.81/ 0.54/ 0.27 mm. Coxa with few spines on surface and long, thin spine at inner margin. Trochanter with two rows of stout spines on outer margin and 1/3 with transverse row of short spines. Femur with 4 long, stout setae at middle of inner margin and long, stout setae at 1/3 of outer margin, row of bifid stout setae at outer and distal margins. Tibia with two rows of filtering setae on lateral and ventral margins, 6 long stout spines at ventral margin. Tarsus with few monopectinate setae on ventral margin. Claw hooked with 10 denticles. Midleg (Fig. 9): lengths of femur/ tibia/ tarsus/ claw viz., 1.22/ 0.81/ 0.68/ 0.32 mm. Coxa same as foreleg. Trochanter with row of 5 long setae at outer margin, femur with stout spines on outer margin and few bifid spines on dorsal surface. Tibia with trifurcated spines on apical half. Tarsus with row of stout spines medially. Claw long, slender and hooked with 10 denticles. Hindleg (Fig. 10): lengths of femur/ tibia/ tarsus/ claw viz., 1.22/ 0.81/ 0.54/ 0.27 mm. Coxa, trochanter and femur otherwise same as midleg. Tibia with two prominent spines on outer margin and row of spines on inner margin, distal margin with bipectinate spines. Tarsus: inner margin with stout spines, outer margin with thin, long, bipectinations at tips of spines. Claw hooked with 9 denticles.</p><p>A bdomen: terga VI and VII pale brown, remainders pale yellow, laterally translucent. Tergum II (Fig. 15) with upright, backwardly curved medial projection, posterior margin of tergum with pointed spines and surface with scales, medial projection pale brown with scales and without spines. Posterior margin of terga VII (Fig. 16) with short, spatulate, bifid and pinnate bristles and terga IX with teeth on posterior margin. Sternum whitish yellow. Gills (Figs. 11–13): gill I bluntly pointed, two-segmented, segment II four times longer than segment I. Gill covers (Fig. 14) pale yellow, evenly covered with scales, inner margin with row of spines, outer margin with bifurcated ridges. Gills III–VI approximately triangular shaped, fringed bifid fimbriae, gill III with 13 bifurcated fimbriae and 17 lanceolate setae at basal margin; gill VI with 3 bifurcated fimbriae and nine lanceolate setae on ventral margin and lack of trifurcated fimbriae. Cerci translucent.</p><p>Etymology. The species name gayathri refers to the Gayathripuzha river, Palakad district, Kerala where the new species was collected.</p><p>Habitat. This species was found on the underside of cobbles and pebbles in medium to fast current streams and associated with Caenis sp. ( Caenidae), Choroterpes sp. ( Leptophlebiidae), Tricorythus sp. ( Tricorythidae) and Baetis sp. ( Baetidae); it possibly feeds on fine particulate organic matter available in the water current and also in the substratum.</p><p>Distribution. Southern Western Ghats, Kerala (India).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/670C87FEFFB01F3CFF004ABCC069FBF0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Muthukatturaja, Marimuthu;Balasubramanian, Chelliah;Murugan, Alagumalai	Muthukatturaja, Marimuthu, Balasubramanian, Chelliah, Murugan, Alagumalai (2020): Two new species of Clypeocaenis (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae) from Western Ghats, Southern India. Zootaxa 4722 (4): 361-370, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4722.4.5
670C87FEFFB51F30FF004ED4C074FAFC.text	670C87FEFFB51F30FF004ED4C074FAFC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Clypeocaenis sharadhae Balasubramanian & Muthukatturaja 2020	<div><p>Clypeocaenis sharadhae Balasubramanian &amp; Muthukatturaja, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figures 2, 17–35)</p><p>Material examined. Holotype (in ethanol): male imago (reared from nymph) (Reg.No. ZSI–SRC/ I/E 464), India, Tunga river, Chikkamagalore district, Karnataka state, 01-IV- 2018, 669 m. (13º36′27″ N, 75º19′89″ E), collected by Balasubramanian &amp; Muthukatturaja. Paratypes: 11 mature nymphs and one female imago, same data as holotype (Reg.No. ZSI–SRC/ I/E 465) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Clypeocaenis sharadhae sp. nov.: Nymph: (i) clypeus strongly protruded with two long setae, absence of setae on pedicel; (ii) femora with ovoid large macula; (iii) foretibia with two rows of long filtering setae on lateral margin and one row on ventral margin arranged vertically, foretarsus with transverse row of long setae, hindtibia with row of lanceolate setae on lateral margin; (iv) gills III–VI approximately triangular shaped, fringed bifid fimbriae, gill III with 12 bifurcated, 2 trifurcated fimbriae and 17 lanceolate setae at margins; (v) gill VI with 8 bifurcated fimbriae, 19 lanceolate setae on ventral margin and lack of trifurcated fimbriae; (vi) small medial projection of tergum II upright and slightly curved backwards.</p><p>Imago, male: (i) 2 cross veins in proximal half of R; (ii) C and Sc brown basally and washed brown distally, remainders translucent; (iii) vein MP forked at near ½ of distance from base to margin, fork symmetrical; (iv) penis lobes completely fused and not produced laterally; (v) absence of short bristles on the posterior margin of penis lobes.</p><p>Descriptions. Male imago (Figs 17–21) (in alcohol). Body length, 1.7 mm; cerci lengths, 3.5 mm; median caudal filament, 3.7 mm; length of antenna, 0.05 mm; length of forewing, 3.3 mm; width of forewing, 1.3 mm.</p><p>Head pale brown, length 0.1 mm, width 0.4 mm; anterior margin and area around antennal base pale brown; scape and pedicel of antennae pale brown and subequal in length, flagellum translucent; dorsal diameter of eye 0.075 mm; distance between compound eyes 0.1 mm. Eyes and ocelli black.</p><p>Thorax uniformly yellowish brown, lateral margins brown. Legs translucent; length of segments in foreleg (Fig. 18) femur/ tibia/ tarsus (mm) viz., 0.4/ 0.6/ 0.52; length ratio of tarsal segments (mm) viz., 0.02/ 0.25/ 0.1/ 0.1/ 0.05. Wing: Forewings (Fig. 17) oval, with few cross veins; cross veins arranged singly; two cross veins at proximal half of R; C and Sc brown basally and washed brown distally, remainders translucent; vein MP forked near half distance from base to margin, fork symmetrical.</p><p>Abdomen: tergum pale yellow to translucent; sterna pale. Genitalia (Fig. 19) pale yellow, forceps 0.5 mm, penis 0.6 mm; penis lobes completely fused and not produced laterally; absence of short bristles on posterior margin of penis lobes; forceps (Fig. 20) formed by one segment with small bristles on surface; cerci and median caudal filament translucent.</p><p>Female imago (in alcohol). Body length, 2.7 mm; cerci lengths, 3.8 mm; median caudal filament, 4.2 mm; length of antenna, 0.3 mm; length of forewing, 3.4 mm; width of forewing, 1.4 mm.</p><p>Head brownish yellow, length 0.18 mm, width 0.4 mm; anterior margin and area around antennal base pale brown to yellow; scape and pedicel of antennae pale brown and subequal in length, flagellum translucent; distance between compound eyes 0.1 mm; dorsal diameter of eye 0.06 mm. Compound eyes and ocelli black.</p><p>Thorax uniformly yellowish brown, lateral margins brown. Legs: foreleg pale brown to translucent, midleg and hindleg translucent; length of segments in foreleg femur/ tibia/ tarsus (mm) viz., 0.5/ 0.7/ 0.6; length of tarsal segments (mm) viz., 0.03/ 0.3/ 0.11/ 0.1/ 0.06; Wing: C and Sc brown basally and washed brown distally, remainders translucent.</p><p>Abdomen: tergum pale yellow to translucent; sterna pale; cerci and median caudal filament translucent.</p><p>Mature nymph (Figs 2, 22–35) (in 95% ethanol). Body length (without cerci): 2.8–3.5 mm in male and female nymphs; cerci lengths 1.5 mm; median caudal filament 1.7 mm; width of head 1.4 mm; antennae length 1.2 mm. General body coloration brownish yellow.</p><p>Head (Fig. 2) brownish yellow, eyes black, ocelli paler. Two long setae on anterior margin of clypeus and strongly protruded (Fig. 2). Antennae yellowish transparent distally, absence of short setae at inner margin of pedicel. Epicranial suture paler. Labrum (Fig. 22) length 1.7 mm; width 0.077 mm, emargination without setae, anterior margin with row of long setae, lateral margin with stout setae, dorsum of labrum with few long setae. Mandibles (Fig. 23a, b): rows of 4 and 8 long setae present below base of incisors; basal half of mandible chagrinated. Maxilla (Fig. 24a, b): galea with single stout spine and ventral base of lacinia with few bipectinate setae; maxillary palp two-segmented; segment II three times longer than segment I, half of segment II covered with setae. Hypopharynx (Fig. 25): superlingua covered with stout setae and lingua with long setae at apical margin. Labium (Fig. 26): glossae ovate with apical spines, paraglossae covered with thin setae, labial palp three-segmented, segment III longer than segments I and II, 2 transverse rows of stout setae at distal margin of segment III, segment I with eight stout setae on outer margin, basal outer margin of proximal segment and apical margin of middle segment of labial palp with two lanceolate setae.</p><p>Thorax: brownish yellow, lateral margins washed yellow. Legs evenly covered with scales, pale yellow with washed–brown, femora with ovoid large macula without scales and setae. Foreleg (Fig. 27): length of femur/ tibia/ tarsus/ claw viz., 0.37/ 0.41/ 0.39/ 0.14 mm. Coxa with few spines on surface of outer margin and pair of long, thin spines on inner margin. Trochanter with two rows of stout spines on outer margin. Femur with 4 long, stout setae at middle of inner margin and dorsal surface with transverse row of lanceolate setae for 2/3 length, with few monopectinate, stout setae and long setae with feathered cap on outer margins. Tibia with two rows of long, filtering setae on lateral margin and one row on ventral margin. Tarsus with row of monopectinate setae on ventral margin and transverse row of long setae on lateral margin. Claw hooked with 5 denticles. Midleg (Fig. 28): length of femur/ tibia/ tarsus/ claw viz., 0.33/ 0.24/ 0.17/ 0.10 mm. Coxa and trochanter same as foreleg. Femur with few long and short stout spines at outer margin, inner margin with row of stout spines and thin hair-like setae. Tibia with row of long and short stout spines on ventral margin. Tarsus with few long, hair-like setae. Claw long, slender and slightly curved with 4 denticles. Hindleg (Fig. 29): length of femur/ tibia/ tarsus/ claw viz., 0.44/ 0.24/ 0.23/ 0.11 mm. Coxa, trochanter similar to those of foreleg. Femur with long spines and hair-like setae on inner and outer margins. Tibia with row of long and short stout spines on inner margin, surface with row of lanceolate setae. Tarsus with few long hair-like seate on surface, inner margin with stout spines, lateral margin with row of lanceolate setae. Claw slender and slightly curved with 6 denticles.</p><p>A bdomen: posterior margins of terga brown, remainders washed yellow. Tergum II (Fig. 34) with medial projection upright, slightly curved backwards, lateral margin of tergum with spines and surface with scales, medial projection pale brown with scales and without spines. Lateral margin of tergum VII (Fig. 35) with short bipectinate setae; dorsomedial margins of terga VII–IX with crowded scales. Sternum pale yellow. Gills (Figs. 30–32): gill I pointed, two segmented, apex of segment I pulvinate; segment II 2.5 times longer than segment I. Gill covers (Fig. 33) pale brown, evenly covered with scales, inner margins each with row of spines, outer margins each with small ridges (lanceolate like). Gills III–VI approximately triangular shaped with fringed bifid fimbriae; gill III with 12 bifurcated and 2 trifurcated fimbriae, and 17 lanceolate setae on margins; gill VI with 8 bifurcated fimbriae and 19 lanceolate setae on ventral margin and lack of trifurcated fimbriae. Caudal filaments translucent.</p><p>Egg (Figs. 21) (dissected from female imago) oval shaped. Chorion with single thread running from polar region.</p><p>Etymology. The species is named after the goddess Sharadhambal, whose temple is in Sringeri (Chikkamagalore district, Karnataka), where the new species was collected.</p><p>Habitat. Nymphs of this species were found on the undersides of cobbles and pebbles in medium to fast current streams and associated with Ephemera sp. ( Ephemeridae), Choroterpes sp. ( Leptophlebiidae), Isonychia sp. ( Isonychiidae), Rhoenanthus tungaiensis (Potamanthidae) and Baetis sp. ( Baetidae), possibly feeding on fine particulate organic matter available in the water current and also in the substratum.</p><p>Distribution. Central Western Ghats, Karnataka (India).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/670C87FEFFB51F30FF004ED4C074FAFC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Muthukatturaja, Marimuthu;Balasubramanian, Chelliah;Murugan, Alagumalai	Muthukatturaja, Marimuthu, Balasubramanian, Chelliah, Murugan, Alagumalai (2020): Two new species of Clypeocaenis (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae) from Western Ghats, Southern India. Zootaxa 4722 (4): 361-370, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4722.4.5
