taxonID	type	description	language	source
4FD1CFA355525998B7F5F9DA92233BFB.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet of this species refers to the region of the type locality (Bordonhos) where the new species was found.	en	Gutierrez-Gutierrez, Carlos, Santos, Margarida Teixeira, Inacio, Maria Lurdes, Eisenback, Jonathan D., Mota, Manuel (2020): Description of Longidorus bordonensis sp. nov. from Portugal, with systematics and molecular phylogeny of the genus (Nematoda, Longidoridae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 96 (1): 175-193, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.49022, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.49022
4FD1CFA355525998B7F5F9DA92233BFB.taxon	description	Description of female. Short and slender body, slightly tapering at both ends, more pronounced in the tail. Curved in open J- or C-shaped relaxed by heat. Cuticle thin, appearing smooth under low magnifications, 1.8 + / - 0.3 (1.3 - 2.2) μm thick at mid body, but thicker (9.1 + / - 0.7 (8.1 - 9.8) μm) in hyaline region located at the end of tail region (Figs 1 (3), 2 (6, 7); Table 2). Lateral chord ca 11.1 μm wide at mid-body or ca 34 % of corresponding body diam. Lip region anteriorly flattened, expanded and rounded laterally, 10.1 + / - 0.4 (9.6 - 10.7) μm wide and 4.1 + / - 0.5 (3.6 - 5.0) μm high, set-off from body contour by a constriction (Figs 1 (1, 2), 2 (1, 2), Table 2). Amphidial fovea large asymmetrically bilobed pouch occupying from 2 / 3 to 3 / 4 of the distance from oral aperture to guiding ring (Figs 1 (1, 2), 2 (3), Table 2). Stylet guiding-ring single and posteriorly situated, 2.7 - 2.3 times lip region diameter from anterior end. Moderate and straight odontostyle, 1.5 + / - 0.1 (1.3 - 1.7) times as long as odontophore; weakly developed, with rather weak basal swellings (Figs 1 (1), 2 (4) Table 2). Nerve ring surrounding the tubular portion of the pharynx behind the odontophore base at 149.9 + / - 7.7 (138.1 - 157.7) μm from anterior end. Anterior slender part of pharynx usually coiled in its posterior region. Basal bulb short and cylindrical, 79.9 + / - 6.2 (68.0 - 87.2) μm long and 13.5 + / - 1.0 (12.1 - 14.7) μm in diameter. Glandularium 71.9 + / - 3.0 (67.0 - 74.3) μm long. Dorsal pharyngeal gland nucleus (DN) and ventro-sublateral nuclei (SVN) located at 33.1 + / - 3.2 (29.4 - 35.3) % and 53.1 + / - 0.7 (52.6 - 53.9) % of distance from anterior end of pharyngeal bulb, respectively. Cardia conoid to rounded, 8.6 + / - 2.7 (6.3 - 13.1) μm long (Figs 1 (7), 2 (5), Table 2). Reproductive system with both genital branches equally developed, 8.4 + / - 0.5 (7.5 - 8.7) or 8.0 + / - 1.2 (6.7 - 9.5) % of body length (Table 2). Ovaries reflexed, variable in length, anterior ovary 71.4 + / - 14.6 (52.0 - 85.8 μm long) and posterior ovary 82.3 + / - 13.6 (68.0 - 99.0 μm long) (Table 2). Oviducts slightly longer than ovaries. Uteri cylindrical, quite variable in length, anterior uteri 283.9 + / - 94.0 (209.0 - 418.0 μm long) and posterior uteri 251.3 + / - 43.7 (194.0 - 295.0 μm long); sphincter usually well developed, delimiting uterus and oviduct. Sperm commonly found in the uteri of female reproductive tract. Vulva transverse, located slightly anterior to the middle of the body, vagina perpendicular to body axis, 21.8 + / - 1.9 (19.0 - 24.6) μm long (Figs 1 (5), 2 (9), Table 2). Prerectum visible, variable in length, 547.5 + / - 503.7 (162.0 - 1201.0) μm long, and short rectum 20.0 + / - 2.9 (15.0 - 23.0) μm long or 1.2 (0.9 - 1.6) times anal body width. Tail long, bluntly conoid, slightly ventrally curved with rounded terminus, bearing three pairs of caudal pores (Figs 1 (3), 2 (6, 7); Table 2).	en	Gutierrez-Gutierrez, Carlos, Santos, Margarida Teixeira, Inacio, Maria Lurdes, Eisenback, Jonathan D., Mota, Manuel (2020): Description of Longidorus bordonensis sp. nov. from Portugal, with systematics and molecular phylogeny of the genus (Nematoda, Longidoridae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 96 (1): 175-193, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.49022, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.49022
4FD1CFA355525998B7F5F9DA92233BFB.taxon	description	Description of male. Males are as common as females. Appearance of body similar to female, except for reproductive organs. Male diorchic with testes paired and opposed. Tail conoid, more convex-curved ventrally than that of the female, with rounded terminus at the end of tail (Figs 1 (6), 2 (8), Table 2). Spicules short, moderately developed, and quite curved ventrally; lateral guiding pieces more or less straight, sometimes with slightly curved proximal ends (Figs 1 (4, 6), 2 (8, 10), Table 2). Large number of visible supplements, one pair of adanal and 9 - 11 mid-ventral supplements (Figs 1 (3), 2 (8 )).	en	Gutierrez-Gutierrez, Carlos, Santos, Margarida Teixeira, Inacio, Maria Lurdes, Eisenback, Jonathan D., Mota, Manuel (2020): Description of Longidorus bordonensis sp. nov. from Portugal, with systematics and molecular phylogeny of the genus (Nematoda, Longidoridae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 96 (1): 175-193, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.49022, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.49022
FE19A11463AF58C9914758CB306C0FD3.taxon	discussion	Molecular results and phylogenetic relationships of Longidorus bordonensis sp. nov. and other Longidorus spp. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the D 2 - D 3 expansion segments of 28 S rRNA, ITS 1 rRNA, and partial 18 S rRNA from L. bordonensis sp. nov. and four other Longidorus spp. For each of the species studied, these three genes had an approximate size of 700 - 800, 900 - 1000, and 1600 bp, respectively, based on visualization of the band on the electrophoresis gel and the subsequent direct sequencing. D 2 - D 3 sequences of L. bordonensis sp. nov. (MN 082421 - MN 082422) matched well with the Longidorus spp. deposited in GenBank. Both D 2 - D 3 sequences of L. bordonensis sp. nov. (MN 082421 and MN 082422) were almost identical, with a 99.31 % of sequence similarity. D 2 - D 3 sequences of the new species were 95, 95, and 87 %, similar to L. pini (MH 430028, Spain), L. carpetanensis (MH 430019 - MH 430020, Spain), and Longidorus sp. 1 FG- 2018 isolate (MG 765547, Iran), respectively, and differed in 27, 28 - 30, and 75 nucleotides, respectively. ITS 1 sequence of L. bordonensis sp. nov. (MN 150062) appropriately matched with other Longidorus spp. deposited in GenBank. This ITS 1 sequence was 83 - 82, and 83 % similar to L. carpetanenesis (MH 429991 - MH 429993, Spain) and L. pini (MH 430001, Spain), respectively. The variations among the ITS 1 sequences of these species were from 143 to 157 nucleotides. The partial 18 S rRNA gene sequences of L. bordonensis sp. nov. (MN 129757) showed a high homology (more than 99 % similarity) with two sequences deposited in GenBank belonging to L. carpetanensis (MH 430006, Spain) and L. pini (MH 430011, Spain). The variations among the 18 S sequences of these species were from 8 to 15 nucleotides. The D 2 - D 3 expansion segments of 28 S rRNA, ITS 1 rRNA, and the partial 18 S rRNA gene sequences obtained in this study for L. vinearum, L. vineacola, and L. wicuolea matched well with sequences from the same species previously deposited in GenBank, increasing knowledge of the genotypic diversity in Longidorus (Table 1). For the species of Longidorus studied here, there were multiple failed attempts to sequence the ITS 1 region and a partial portion of 18 S rRNA gene before our study was concluded (Table 1). The D 2 - D 3 expansion segments of 28 S rRNA gene sequences from L. vinearum (MN 082430 - MN 082434) matched closely (99 % similarity) to sequences of Spanish populations of this species in GenBank (KT 308874, KT 308876 - KT 308877); and the variations among these D 2 - D 3 sequences ranged from 2 to 5 nucleotides. Intra-specific variation of D 2 - D 3 detected among the populations of L. vinearum (three from grapevine and one from wild olive) (Table 1) was from 0 to 2 nucleotides (99 % similarity and 0 - 1 indels). For L. vinearum, three ITS 1 sequences (MN 150065, MN 150067, MN 150068) from Dois Portos (LISB- 03 - 04, grapevine) and an ITS 1 sequence (MN 150066) from Evora (M 3 - OLV, wild olive) were sequenced and showed a high similarity (99 %), with some minor intra-specific variations among them (2 - 14 nucleotides and 0 - 1 indels). Our ITS 1 sequences (MN 150065 - MN 150068) had 98 % similarity to others deposited in GenBank for L. vinearum (KT 308892 - KT 308893, Spain); and the variations among them ranged from 17 - 23 nucleotides and 1 - 3 indels. The D 2 - D 3 expansion segments of 28 S rRNA gene sequences from L. vineacola (MN 082425 - MN 082429) also had 99 % similarity to several sequences of Spanish populations of this species in GenBank (JX 445109 - JX 445111; KT 308872, KT 308873); and the variations among them ranged from 2 to 9 nucleotides. Intra-specific variation of the D 2 - D 3 region among the four populations of L. vineacola (three from cork oak and one from wild olive) (Table 1) was low, varying from 0 to 6 nucleotides (99 - 100 % similarity and 0 indels). For L. vineacola, the ITS 1 region and the partial portion of 18 S gene sequenced agree with results obtained from the D 2 - D 3 fragments. The partial 18 S rRNA gene sequence of L. vineacola (MN 129758) was identical (100 % similarity) to several L. vineacola sequences deposited in GenBank (AY 283169, UK; JX 445123, Spain), and 99 % similar to L. onubensis Archidona-Yuste, Navas Cortes, Cantalapiedra-Navarrete, Palomares-Rius & Castillo, 2016 (KT 308897, Spain), L. nevesi (MH 430009, Spain), L. wicuolea (KT 308900, Spain), L. fasciatus (MH 430008, Spain; JX 445122, Spain), and L. pacensis Archidona-Yuste, Cantalapiedra-Navarrete, Castillo & Palomare-Rius, 2019 (MH 430004 - MH 430005, Spain). The variations among the partial 18 S rRNA gene sequences of these species varied from 8 to 16 nucleotides. Our ITS 1 sequence of L. vineacola (MN 150064) showed a variable and low sequence homology with other sequences of L. vineacola in Genbank; the homology ranged from 97 % (JX 445094, Spain) to 94 % (JX 445096, Spain). The variations among the ITS 1 sequences of these three sequences ranged from 18 to 51 nucleotides. The D 2 - D 3 expansion segments of 28 S rRNA gene sequence from L. wicuolea (MN 082423) were 99 % similar to three sequences of Spanish populations of this same species in GenBank (KT 308863 - KT 308865, Spain). The variations among these four D 2 - D 3 sequences ranged from 1 to 5 nucleotides. For L. wicuolea, the ITS 1 sequences agree with results from the D 2 - D 3 region. Our ITS 1 sequence of L. wicuolea (MN 150063) was 100 % identical to other two sequences of this species in Genbank (KT 308887 and KT 308889, Spain) and clearly different (90 % - 88 % similarity) from L. silvestris Archidona-Yuste, Navas Cortes, Cantalapiedra-Navarrete, Palomares-Rius & Castillo, 2016 (KT 308884, Spain), and L. cf. olegi Kankina & Metlitskaya, 1983 (MH 429999, MH 430000, Spain); and the variations among these ITS 1 sequences ranged from 18 to 51 nucleotides. The D 2 - D 3 expansion segments of 28 S rRNA gene sequence from Longidorus sp. 3 isolate ST (MN 082424) matched well with several Longidorus spp. deposited in GenBank, including L. lusitanicus (KT 308869, Spain) as the closest with 98.55 % similarity, followed by L. magnus Lamberti, Bleve-Zacheo & Arias, 1982 (JX 445113 and KT 308870, Spain), L. crataegi Roca & Bravo, 1996 (JX 445114, Spain), L. goodeyi Hooper, 1961 (AY 601581), and L. vinearum (KT 308876, Spain) with 94 - 95 % similarity; and the sequence variations among the D 2 - D 3 sequences of these species were from 11 - 42 nucleotides and 1 - 12 indels. Using Bayesian inference (BI), we compared the phylogenetic position of L. bordonensis sp. nov. and other Longidorus spp. by using the D 2 - D 3 expansion segments of 28 S rRNA, the ITS 1 region, and the partial 18 S rRNA gene sequences (Figs 3 - 5). The BI tree (50 % majority rule consensus tree) of the D 2 - D 3 domains of 28 S rRNA gene (Fig. 3) was based on a multiple-edited alignment (135 total sequences) of 722 total characters and revealed a major clade containing the majority of these species, including L. bordonensis sp. nov. and the remaining Iberian populations of Longidorus spp. (Fig. 3). The generated phylogenetic tree, using sequences of these D 2 - D 3 fragments (Fig. 3), showed a clearly congruent position of L. bordonensis sp. nov. (MN 082421, MN 082422). The clade, including L. bordonensis sp. nov., grouped morphologically related species characterized by a short body and odontostyle and elongate to conical female tail, such as in L. pini (MH 430028, Spain) and L. carpetanensis (MH 430019, MH 430020, Spain). The D 2 - D 3 tree showed a consistent position for L. vinearum (MN 082430 - MN 082434), which was placed within a well-supported clade of available GenBank entries belonging to L. vinearum (KT 308874, KT 308876, Spain) and clearly separated from the new species and other morphologically related species, such as L. magnus (KT 308870, KX 445113, Spain), L. crataegi (JX 445114, Spain), L. goodeyi (AY 601581), L. onubensis (KT 308857, KT 308858, Spain), L. oakcrassus Cai, Archidona-Yuste, Cantalapiedra-Navarrete, Palomares-Rius & Pablo Castillo, 2019 (MK 941187 - MK 941190), L. oakgracilis Cai, Archidona-Yuste, Cantalapiedra-Navarrete, Palomares-Rius & Pablo Castillo, 2019 (MK 941191 - MK 941193), L. wicuolea (KT 308863 - KT 308865, Spain; MN 022423, Portugal), L. andalusicus (JX 445101, Spain), and L. vineacola (JX 445111, Spain; MN 082425 - MN 082429 Portugal). Likewise, this D 2 - D 3 tree also showed congruence for the phylogenetic positions of L. vineacola sequences obtained here (MN 082425 - MN 082429), as it was positioned within a well-supported clade together an available sequence in Genbank belonging to L. vineacola (JX 445111, Spain). This clade, including all L. vineacola sequences, were separated from the new species and other phenotypically similar species, such as L. cf. olegi (MH 430026 - MH 430027, Spain), L. silvestris (KT 308859, Spain), L. lusitanicus (KT 308869, Spain), L. oakcrassus (MK 941187 - MK 941190), and L. wicuolea (KT 308863 - KT 308865, Spain; MN 022423, Portugal). In addition, Longidorus sp. 3 isolate ST (MN 082424) was placed in a separated position within a well-supported sub-clade, clustering together to L. lusitanicus (KT 308889, Spain) and L. crataegi (JX 445114, Spain). Similarly, the BI tree (50 % majority rule consensus tree) of a multiple-edited alignment, including 116 18 S rRNA sequences and 1690 total characters (Fig. 4) and 116 ITS 1 sequences and 570 total characters (Fig. 5), showed a topology similar to that of the D 2 - D 3 fragments of the 28 S gene. Both the partial 18 S and ITS 1 trees using BI (Figs 4, 5) showed a close phylogenetic relationship of L. bordonensis sp. nov. (18 S, MN 129757; ITS 1, MN 150062) with L. pini (18 S, MH 430011, Spain; ITS 1, MH 430001, Spain) and L. carpetanensis (18 S, MH 430006 Spain; ITS 1, MH 429991 - MH 429993, Spain). Both 18 S and ITS 1 trees showed a congruent position for all known species found in this study. For 18 S and ITS 1 trees, our L. vineacola sequences (18 S, MN 129758; ITS 1, MN 150064) were grouped in a well-supported clade also containing GenBank entries belonging to L. vineacola (18 S, JX 445111, Spain and AY 283169; ITS 1, JX 445094, JX 445096, Spain). In the ITS 1 tree, all sequences from L. vinearum, including the accessions from our sequences (MN 082425 - MN 082429) and GenBank accessions (KT 308892 - KT 308893, Spain) clustered in the same well-supported sub-clade; however, they also clustered together with L. magnus (HM 921340, Spain). Similarly, the tree generated using the ITS 1 dataset, sequences from L. wicuolea, including the accession from our population (MN 150063) and other populations in GenBank (KT 308886 - KT 308888, Spain), clustered in the same well-supported sub-clade; however, this sub-clade also included L. silvestris (KT 308884, Spain).	en	Gutierrez-Gutierrez, Carlos, Santos, Margarida Teixeira, Inacio, Maria Lurdes, Eisenback, Jonathan D., Mota, Manuel (2020): Description of Longidorus bordonensis sp. nov. from Portugal, with systematics and molecular phylogeny of the genus (Nematoda, Longidoridae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 96 (1): 175-193, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.49022, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.49022
