identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
6053878BFFB8FFC9FD5F5E3CF6ADB26F.text	6053878BFFB8FFC9FD5F5E3CF6ADB26F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antipodosis Jaschhof 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Antipodosis gen. nov.</p>
            <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B8BF652D-AFFF-418C-829E-608741C68503</p>
            <p>Type species</p>
            <p> Antipodosis australis gen. et sp. nov. , described below. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis</p>
            <p> Larvae and females of  Antipodosis gen. nov. are unknown, so this genus is based solely on characters of males.  Antipodosis gen. nov. are small, inconspicuous  Porricondylini , exhibiting the characters typical of that tribe and coming under the group of genera with 14 flagellomeres and without basitarsal spines (“group Aa” in Jaschhof &amp; Jaschhof 2013).  Antipodosis gen. nov. stands out from most other  Porricondylini in that vein CuA 1 runs parallel to CuA 2 rather than approaching or joining it (Fig. 1A versus 1B), and the eye bridge is longer dorsally (5–10 versus 2–3 ommatidia). The structure of the genitalia is genus-specific. Most notably, the two gonocoxal apodemes, which in other  Porricondylini are long bars separated from one another (Fig. 12), tend to merge into a single plate (Fig. 2); parameres are typically present as two pairs (a ventral and a dorsal pair) of strongly sclerotized tusks interlinked with each other (Fig. 2); and the ejaculatory apodeme, whose length exceeds that of the gonocoxites, is typically a strongly sclerotized rod with apical modifications. </p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis</p>
            <p> The genus  Antipodosis gen. nov. is similar to  Monepidosis (Jaschhof &amp; Jaschhof 2013) , differing from it as follows: the eye bridge is longer; sensory hairs (= setae with hooded sockets) on the flagellomeres are dispersed rather than aligned to form a single whorl (Fig. 1C versus 1D); wings are wider (with length/width ratios usually &lt;3.0); CuA 1 does not approach but runs parallel to CuA 2 (Fig. 1A versus 1B); the gonostylar apex bears typically a pectinate tooth (Figs 2A, 7A), but never a large plate-like spine (Figs 10 A–B, 11B); gonocoxites have a distinct ventral emargination (Fig. 2A) and have no central processes (Fig. 10A); and the anterior portions of the gonocoxal apodemes are either short and separated (Fig. 6A), or merged into a single, long plate (Fig. 2A). </p>
            <p>Etymology</p>
            <p> The name  Antipodosis is composed of Antipod -, from the Latin antipodes, for ‘antipodes’, and the ending - osis, from  Monepidosis , a closely related genus. Gender is feminine. </p>
            <p>Other characters</p>
            <p>BODY LENGTH. 1.7–2.3 mm.</p>
            <p> HEAD. Postfrons asetose. Antenna longer than body. Scape and pedicel usually yellowish, lighter than flagellum. Circumfila on flagellomeres 1 to 11–14, evenly ring-shaped or slightly sinuous, in  A. rotoiti gen. et sp. nov. with short posterior extensions. Neck of fourth flagellomere longer than node; node apart from circumfilum with microtrichia, short setae forming a basal whorl, numerous long sensory hairs (Fig. 1C). Palpus as long as head height or longer, 4 subcylindrical segments. </p>
            <p>THORAX. Scutum with a few lateral and dorsocentral setae. Both anepisternum and anepimeron setose.</p>
            <p> WING (Fig. 1A). Longer than body. Length/width 2.5–2.9 (in  A. australis gen. et sp. nov. exceptionally 3.1). Costal cell narrow, reinforced. Rs strongly oblique, in line with R 5. M usually absent, in  A. waipapa gen. et sp. nov. a remnant M present at wing margin. </p>
            <p>LEGS. Densely covered with narrow scales. Claws crescent-shaped, with 1 large and 2–3 smaller teeth basally. Empodia rudimentary, as far as known.</p>
            <p>ABDOMEN. Tergites 2–5(–6) varyingly strongly desclerotized at center, setae aligned in rows along margins; other tergites evenly sclerotized, setae aligned in 1 transverse row. Sternite 1 unsclerotized, asetose, other sternites evenly sclerotized, setae dispersed. Pleural membrane very sparsely setose.</p>
            <p>GENITALIA (Figs 2–9). Ninth tergite either subtrapezoid or rounded posteriorly. Gonostylus either elongate, tapered towards apex, or flattened, with broadly rounded apex; typically a pectinate tooth apically, 1–2 bristles medially; basolateral apodeme large. Gonocoxites: ventral emargination approximately U-shaped, with glabrous, sclerotized rim; medial bridges sometimes with membranous outgrowths that occupy parts of the ventral emargination (Figs 7A, 8A, 9A). Ventral parameres usually bent laterally or dorsolaterally, occasionally interconnected mediobasally (Figs 3B, 9B); dorsal parameres usually bent dorsally (thus often hardly visible in ventral view); parameral apodemes usually large. Base of ejaculatory apodeme either widened (visible in ventral view, Fig. 5B) or flattened (visible in lateral view). Accessory gland ducts, or their merging points with ejaculatory apodeme, distinct. Both hypoproct and cerci present as two setose, medially merged lobes (omitted in illustrations); cerci longer than hypoproct.</p>
            <p>Distribution and phenology</p>
            <p> The genus  Antipodosis gen. nov. is to present knowledge endemic to New Zealand. Of eight species identified, two occur on the North Island and six on the South Island including Stewart Island. Almost </p>
            <p> all the specimens known of  Antipodosis gen. nov. were collected in native forest in austral summer (Nov.–Jan.). </p>
            <p>Phylogenetic remarks</p>
            <p> The peculiarity of  Antipodosis gen. nov. that gonocoxal apodemes tend to merge into a large plate is a derived character state not known in other  Porricondylini , thus an autapomorphy. From what is currently known of world  Porricondylini , it appears that  Antipodosis gen. nov. is most closely related to  Monepidosis . Compelling evidence of this relationship is provided by the parameres and the ejaculatory apodeme, whose basic structure is identical in the two genera. Both are therefore combined in what is here called the  Monepidosis group. The relationships of this group to other  Porricondylini remain obscure for the time being. With respect to male morphology,  Antipodosis gen. nov. has retained more ancestral traits than  Monepidosis . For example, in  Antipodosis gen. nov. the two gonocoxites are largely separated by the ventral emargination, whereas in  Monepidosis they are lengthwise connected, with the connecting bridge even further modified to bear a pair of processes. Furthermore, in  Antipodosis gen. nov. the gonostylar apex is equipped with a pectinate tooth of fine, separate spines, which is the structure found in many other  Porricondylinae and  Porricondylini , whereas in  Monepidosis the spines are merged into a large, plate-like tooth that encircles much of the gonostylus’ distal half. Concurrent in  Antipodosis gen. nov. and  Monepidosis , the basic patterns of parameres and ejaculatory apodeme undergo various modifications, which may be so pronounced that the generic affiliations of the respective species are obscured (see  Antipodosis elongata gen. et sp. nov. , Fig. 3;  Monepidosis shikokuensis sp. nov. , Fig. 12). One may argue that such extreme variations are likely to evolve over long periods of time and both  Antipodosis gen. nov. and  Monepidosis might be phylogenetically old lineages. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6053878BFFB8FFC9FD5F5E3CF6ADB26F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jaschhof, Mathias	Jaschhof, Mathias (2016): New species of Monepidosis Mamaev, 1966 and Antipodosis gen. nov., a closely related genus from New Zealand (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 192: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.192
6053878BFFBEFFCBFDAD5855F66CB7EF.text	6053878BFFBEFFCBFDAD5855F66CB7EF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antipodosis australis Jaschhof 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Antipodosis australis gen. et sp. nov.</p>
            <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 45076E74-E261-4A53-804F-8264851F5133</p>
            <p>Fig. 2 A–B</p>
            <p>Diagnosis</p>
            <p> A combination of genitalic characters is specific to  A. australis sp. nov. , as follows (Fig. 2 A–B). Of the gonocoxites (Fig. 2A), the processes are small but prominent (↓); the ventral emargination, whose shape is reminiscent of an inverted bell, has a broad glabrous rim that almost reaches the anterior gonocoxal margin (↓), and the apodemes are merged into a large subrectangular plate (↓). The ejaculatory apodeme has a distinct subapical extension (↓, Fig. 2B). </p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis</p>
            <p> Antipodosis australis gen. et sp. nov. resembles  A. pureora gen. et sp. nov. in having elongate, slender gonostyli; a long, plate-like gonocoxal apodeme; two pairs of unmodified parameral tusks, and a singlepointed, straight ejaculatory apodeme. Characters to differentiate between the two species are provided by the gonocoxal emargination, which in  A. australis gen. et sp. nov. is bell-shaped (Fig. 2A) and in  A. pureora gen. et sp. nov. U-shaped (Fig. 5A), and by the ejaculatory apodeme, whose base is flattened in  A. australis gen. et sp. nov. (not visible in the ventral view depicted in Fig. 2B) and widened in  A. pureora gen. et sp. nov. (Fig. 5B). </p>
            <p>Etymology</p>
            <p> The name  australis is a Latin adjective meaning ‘southern’, which refers to the distribution of this species in the two southern main islands of New Zealand. </p>
            <p>Type material</p>
            <p>Holotype</p>
            <p> NEW ZEALAND: Ƌ,  South Island ,  Buller , Lake Rotoroa, mixed podocarp / southern beech forest, 450 m, 15 Jan. 2001, Malaise trap “15”, Department of Conservation St. Arnaud (NZAC). </p>
            <p>Paratype</p>
            <p>NEW ZEALAND: 1 Ƌ, Stewart Island, Christmas Village Hut, 46.74° S, 167.97° E, 18 Jan. 2000, Malaise trap, R.K. Didham (NZAC).</p>
            <p>Other characters</p>
            <p>BODY LENGTH. 2.0 mm.</p>
            <p>HEAD. Eye bridge 5–6 ommatidia long dorsally. Circumfila on flagellomeres 1 to 13–14. Neck of fourth flagellomere 1.8–1.9 times longer than node. Palpus as long as height of head.</p>
            <p>WING. Length/width 3.0–3.1.</p>
            <p>LEGS. Empodia rudimentary.</p>
            <p>TERMINALIA (Fig. 2 A–B). Ninth tergite subtrapezoid, medially unsclerotized, asetose. Gonostylus strongly tapered towards apex, pectinate tooth narrow (Fig. 2A). Gonocoxites with small protuberances on ventroposterior margin; apodemes protrude clearly beyond ventroanterior margin (Fig. 2A). Ventral parameral tusks bent dorsolaterally, dorsal tusks bent dorsally (Fig. 2B).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6053878BFFBEFFCBFDAD5855F66CB7EF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jaschhof, Mathias	Jaschhof, Mathias (2016): New species of Monepidosis Mamaev, 1966 and Antipodosis gen. nov., a closely related genus from New Zealand (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 192: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.192
6053878BFFBCFFCAFDAD5DD5F7C6B284.text	6053878BFFBCFFCAFDAD5DD5F7C6B284.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antipodosis elongata Jaschhof 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Antipodosis elongata gen. et sp. nov.</p>
            <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CD29F5F3-E563-4898-B8ED-E3D69204939B</p>
            <p>Fig. 3 A–B</p>
            <p>Diagnosis</p>
            <p> Genitalic structures, such as gonocoxites, parameres and ejaculatory apodeme, are conspicuously elongated (Fig. 3 A–B), making  A. elongata gen. et sp. nov. the most deviant species of  Antipodosis gen. nov. Adding to its exceptionality, ventral and dorsal parameres are largely merged with each other, </p>
            <p>ejaculatory apodeme, ventral. Scale lines: 0.05 mm. leaving only the extreme apices separated (↓, Fig. 3B). The ejaculatory apodeme is three-pointed apically (↓, Fig. 3B). The gonostylus, which is strongly flattened, has a fringe of short, thick microtrichia at the broadly rounded apex (↓, Fig. 3A).</p>
            <p>Etymology</p>
            <p> The name  elongata , a Latin adjective meaning ‘elongate’, refers to the genitalia of this species. </p>
            <p>Type material</p>
            <p>Holotype</p>
            <p> NEW ZEALAND: Ƌ,  South Island ,  Buller , Lake Rotoiti, southern beech forest, 640 m, 31 Jan. 2001, Malaise trap “2”, Department of Conservation St. Arnaud (NZAC). </p>
            <p>Other characters</p>
            <p>BODY LENGTH. 2.2 mm.</p>
            <p>HEAD. Eye bridge 7–8 ommatidia long dorsally. Circumfila on flagellomeres 1–14. Neck of fourth flagellomere 1.5 times longer than node. Palpus 1.6 times longer than height of head.</p>
            <p>WING. Length/width 2.9.</p>
            <p>LEGS. Acropods missing, so length of empodia unknown.</p>
            <p>TERMINALIA (Fig. 3 A–B). Ninth tergite broadly rounded posteriorly. Gonocoxites (Fig. 3A): processes small, subtriangular; ventral emargination large, U-shaped, with glabrous rim basally; posterior portions extensively unsclerotized; apodemes merged anteriorly to form subrectangular plate that protrudes clearly beyond ventroanterior gonocoxal margin (↓). Apex of ejaculatory apodeme bent ventrally (Fig. 3B). Parameres directed posteriorly, only apices bent slightly dorsally; apodemes small (Fig. 3B).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6053878BFFBCFFCAFDAD5DD5F7C6B284	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jaschhof, Mathias	Jaschhof, Mathias (2016): New species of Monepidosis Mamaev, 1966 and Antipodosis gen. nov., a closely related genus from New Zealand (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 192: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.192
6053878BFFBDFFC4FD84590CF141B7C8.text	6053878BFFBDFFC4FD84590CF141B7C8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antipodosis granvillensis Jaschhof 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Antipodosis granvillensis gen. et sp. nov.</p>
            <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6CF5586C-2552-4D08-AD8F-F6F208ADE6D7</p>
            <p>Figs 1A, 4 A–C</p>
            <p>Diagnosis</p>
            <p> Antipodosis granvillensis gen. et sp. nov. is distinguished from the congeneric species by two unique characters: the gonostylus bears apically a single, tooth-like spine (↓, Fig. 4A), and the dorsal parameral tusks are two-branched (↓, Fig. 4B). </p>
            <p>Etymology</p>
            <p> The name  granvillensis , an adjective, is derived from Granville State Forest in the West Coast region of South Island, which is the type locality of this species. </p>
            <p>Type material</p>
            <p>Holotype</p>
            <p> NEW ZEALAND: Ƌ, South Island, West Coast, Ahaura,  Granville State Forest , hard beech forest, 170– 250 m, Dec. 1994, Malaise trap “2 GUL 7K”, J. Hutcheson (NZAC). </p>
            <p>Paratype</p>
            <p>NEW ZEALAND: 1 Ƌ, South Island, Buller, Lake Rotoroa, mixed podocarp/southern beech forest, 450 m, 15 Jan. 2001, Malaise trap “15”, Department of Conservation St Arnaud (NZAC).</p>
            <p>Other characters</p>
            <p>BODY LENGTH. 2.2 mm.</p>
            <p>HEAD. Eye bridge 6–7 ommatidia long dorsally. Circumfila on flagellomeres 1–11. Neck of fourth flagellomere 1.4 times longer than node. Palpus 1.3 times longer than height of head.</p>
            <p>WING (Fig. 1A). Length/width 2.7.</p>
            <p>LEGS. Empodia rudimentary.</p>
            <p>TERMINALIA (Fig. 4 A–C). Ninth tergite subtrapezoid. Gonostylus elongate, slightly curved, strongly tapered towards apex (Fig. 4A). Gonocoxites (Fig. 4A) broadly rounded ventroanteriorly; processes inconspicuous, subrectangular (↓); ventral emargination evenly U-shaped, with broad glabrous rim basally; apodemes short, reaching just to ventral gonocoxal margin, slightly bilobed anteriorly.</p>
            <p>0.05 mm. Ejaculatory apodeme with ovoid apical extension, two-pointed, the ventral point slightly bent ventrally (↓, Fig. 4 B–C), basal portion poorly sclerotized. Ventral parameral tusks bent dorsolaterally, dorsal tusks bent dorsoposteriorly; apodemes large (Fig. 4B).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6053878BFFBDFFC4FD84590CF141B7C8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jaschhof, Mathias	Jaschhof, Mathias (2016): New species of Monepidosis Mamaev, 1966 and Antipodosis gen. nov., a closely related genus from New Zealand (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 192: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.192
6053878BFFB3FFC7FDA15DB0F713B223.text	6053878BFFB3FFC7FDA15DB0F713B223.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antipodosis pureora Jaschhof 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Antipodosis pureora gen. et sp. nov.</p>
            <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B96B677C-C249-43BE-8B84-B7AF37B62C3D</p>
            <p>Fig. 5 A–B</p>
            <p>Diagnosis</p>
            <p> A combination of genitalic characters is specific to  A. pureora gen. et sp. nov. , as follows (Fig. 5 A–B). Of the gonocoxites (Fig. 5A), the processes are small and subtriangular (↓), the large ventral emargination is perfectly U-shaped (↓), and the apodemes are merged into a large plate with rounded margins (↓). The base of the ejaculatory apodeme is strongly widened (↓, Fig. 5B), which is unique in  Antipodosis gen. nov.</p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis</p>
            <p> Antipodosis pureora gen. et sp. nov. is similar to both  A. australis gen. et sp. nov. and  A. rotoroa gen. et sp. nov. The three species differ from each other in the ejaculatory apodeme, which is strongly widened basally in  A. pureora gen. et sp. nov. (Fig. 5B), markedly widened subapically in  A. australis gen. et sp. nov. (Fig. 2B), and two-pointed apically in  A. rotoroa gen. et sp. nov. (Fig. 8B). Other interspecific distinctions are described under each of the species. </p>
            <p>Etymology</p>
            <p> The name  pureora is from the Maori language, referring to Pureora Forest, one of the largest intact tracts of native podocarp forest in the North Island and collection site of this species. </p>
            <p>Type material</p>
            <p>Holotype</p>
            <p> NEW ZEALAND: Ƌ,  North Island ,  Taupo , Pureora Forest, Waipapa Reserve, podocarp forest, 570 m, 8 Dec. 1983, Malaise trap, J. Hutcheson (NZAC). </p>
            <p>Other characters</p>
            <p>BODY LENGTH. About 1.7 mm.</p>
            <p>HEAD. Eye bridge 4–5 ommatidia long dorsally.Apices of antennae missing. Neck of fourth flagellomere 1.7 times longer than node. Palpus longer than height of head.</p>
            <p>WING. Length/width 2.7.</p>
            <p>LEGS. Acropods missing, so length of empodia unknown.</p>
            <p>TERMINALIA (Fig. 5 A–B). Ninth tergite subtrapezoid, medially unsclerotized, asetose. Gonostylus elongate, strongly tapered towards apex, pectinate tooth narrow (Fig. 5A). Gonocoxal emargination with glabrous rim basally; apodemes protrude beyond ventroanterior margin (Fig. 5A). Ejaculatory apodeme pointed apically, straight, slightly widened at merging points with accessory gland ducts (Fig. 5B). Ventral parameral tusks curved dorsolaterally, dorsal tusks directed dorsally (Fig. 5B).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6053878BFFB3FFC7FDA15DB0F713B223	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jaschhof, Mathias	Jaschhof, Mathias (2016): New species of Monepidosis Mamaev, 1966 and Antipodosis gen. nov., a closely related genus from New Zealand (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 192: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.192
6053878BFFB0FFC6FDA45896F0C9B4B9.text	6053878BFFB0FFC6FDA45896F0C9B4B9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antipodosis rakiura Jaschhof 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Antipodosis rakiura gen. et sp. nov.</p>
            <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7D191604-3021-4E5E-9E8D-DDD34DC58310</p>
            <p>Figs 1C, 6 A–B</p>
            <p>Diagnosis</p>
            <p> A character readily distinguishing  A. rakiura gen. et sp. nov. from all other  Antipodosis gen. nov. is that the dorsal portions of the parameres are merged into a rhomboid shaped plate (↓, Fig. 6B), with the result that only one pair of tusks remains ventrally. Other genitalic structures distinctive of this species are the gonostylus, which is swollen on the basal two thirds and flattened on the apical third (↓, Fig. 6A), and the gonocoxites, which have prominent, rectangular processes (↓). </p>
            <p>Etymology</p>
            <p> The species epithet  rakiura is identical with the Maori name commonly used for Stewart Island where this species was found. </p>
            <p>Type material</p>
            <p>Holotype</p>
            <p>
                 NEW ZEALAND: Ƌ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 168.0/lat -46.78)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=168.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-46.78">Stewart Island</a>
                 , Murray Beach, 46.78° S, 168.00° E, 20 Jan. 2001, Malaise trap, R. K. Didham (NZAC). 
            </p>
            <p>Other characters</p>
            <p>BODY LENGTH. 2.0 mm.</p>
            <p>HEAD. Eye bridge 4–5 ommatidia long dorsally. Circumfila present on flagellomeres 1–12. Neck of fourth flagellomere 1.6 times longer than node. Palpus 1.2 times longer than height of head.</p>
            <p>WING. Length/width 2.8.</p>
            <p>LEGS. Empodia rudimentary.</p>
            <p>TERMINALIA (Fig. 6 A–B). Ninth tergite broadly rounded posteriorly, only medially sclerotized. Gonostylar apex broadly rounded, pectinate tooth wide (Fig. 6A). Gonocoxites (Fig. 6A): ventral emargination small, perfectly U-shaped, with glabrous rim basally; dorsal portions with subtriangular projections on posterior margin; apodemes short, bilobed anteriorly. Ejaculatory apodeme (Fig. 6B): apex pointed, straight; base flattened; accessory gland ducts unusually distinct. Parameral tusks curved dorsolaterally; parameral apodemes small (Fig. 6B).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6053878BFFB0FFC6FDA45896F0C9B4B9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jaschhof, Mathias	Jaschhof, Mathias (2016): New species of Monepidosis Mamaev, 1966 and Antipodosis gen. nov., a closely related genus from New Zealand (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 192: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.192
6053878BFFB6FFC0FDBD5D38F61CB52C.text	6053878BFFB6FFC0FDBD5D38F61CB52C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antipodosis rotoiti Jaschhof 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Antipodosis rotoiti gen. et sp. nov.</p>
            <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 9BA5DA6F-D8D5-4921-B55B-1CC4C739BE76</p>
            <p>Fig. 7 A–B</p>
            <p>Diagnosis</p>
            <p> In this unusual  Antipodosis gen. nov. , the flattened gonostylus has a broadly rounded apex with wide pectinate tooth (↓, Fig. 7A); the ventral parameral tusks are clearly shorter than the dorsal (↓, Fig. 7B); and the elongate gonocoxites have practically no processes (Fig. 7A). </p>
            <p>Etymology</p>
            <p> The species epithet  rotoiti is from the Maori language, meaning ‘the little lake’, with reference to Lake Rotoiti in northern South Island where this new porricondyline was collected. </p>
            <p>Type material</p>
            <p>Holotype</p>
            <p> NEW ZEALAND: Ƌ,  South Island ,  Buller , Lake Rotoiti, southern beech forest, 640 m, 20 Dec. 2000, Malaise trap “2”, Department of Conservation St Arnaud (NZAC). </p>
            <p>apodeme, ventral. Scale lines: 0.05 mm.</p>
            <p>Other characters</p>
            <p>BODY LENGTH. 2.1 mm.</p>
            <p>HEAD. Eye bridge 4 ommatidia long dorsally. Circumfila on flagellomeres 1–14, often with short posterior extensions. Neck of fourth flagellomere 1.1 times longer than node. Palpus 1.5 times longer than height of head.</p>
            <p>WING. Length/width 2.6.</p>
            <p>LEGS. Empodia rudimentary.</p>
            <p>TERMINALIA (Fig. 7 A–B). Ninth tergite subtrapezoid. Gonocoxites with asetose, subtriangular portion ventroanteriorly; ventral emargination perfectly U-shaped, with narrow glabrous rim basally; medial bridges with membranous outgrowths that extend into the emargination; apices of apodemes missing, but probably merged to form a plate (Fig. 7A). Ejaculatory apodeme bent ventrally; widened subapically at merging point with accessory gland ducts; flattened basally (Fig. 7B). Ventral parameral tusks almost straight, directed posteriorly, dorsal tusks bent slightly dorsally (Fig. 7B).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6053878BFFB6FFC0FDBD5D38F61CB52C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jaschhof, Mathias	Jaschhof, Mathias (2016): New species of Monepidosis Mamaev, 1966 and Antipodosis gen. nov., a closely related genus from New Zealand (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 192: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.192
6053878BFFB7FFC3FDA55F95F116BE4B.text	6053878BFFB7FFC3FDA55F95F116BE4B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antipodosis rotoroa Jaschhof 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Antipodosis rotoroa gen. et sp. nov.</p>
            <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 9C8C71A9-0BCF-4A69-BE42-8ADC45A015C7</p>
            <p>Fig. 8 A–B</p>
            <p>Diagnosis</p>
            <p> The gonocoxal processes are more prominent in  A. rotoroa gen. et sp. nov. (↓, Fig. 8A) than in any other  Antipodosis gen. nov. The gonostylus is slightly curved, tapered towards the apex, and equipped with a long pectinate tooth (↓, Fig. 8A). The apex of the ejaculatory apodeme is two-pointed (↓, Fig. 8B). At the bases of the dorsal parameral tusks are small accessory processes, which are weakly sclerotized and blunt-ended (↓, Fig. 8B). </p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis</p>
            <p> See  A. australis gen. et sp. nov. (Fig. 2) and  A. pureora gent. et sp. nov. (Fig. 5) for two species with genitalic structures superficially similar to that found in  A. rotoroa gen. et sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Etymology</p>
            <p> The name  rotoroa , which means ‘the long lake’ in the Maori language, refers to Lake Rotoroa, whose vicinity provides the only habitat yet known of this porricondyline. </p>
            <p>Type material</p>
            <p>Holotype</p>
            <p> NEW ZEALAND: Ƌ,  South Island ,  Buller , Lake Rotoroa, mixed podocarp/southern beech forest, 450 m, 15 Jan. 2001, Malaise trap “15”, Department of Conservation St Arnaud (NZAC). </p>
            <p>Paratype</p>
            <p>NEW ZEALAND: 1 Ƌ, same data as the holotype (NZAC).</p>
            <p>Other characters</p>
            <p>BODY LENGTH. 2.0 mm.</p>
            <p>HEAD. Eye bridge 7–8 ommatidia long dorsally. Circumfila on flagellomeres 1–12. Neck of fourth flagellomere 1.5 times longer than node. Palpus 1.3 times longer than height of head.</p>
            <p>WING. Length/width 2.6.</p>
            <p>LEGS. Empodia rudimentary.</p>
            <p>TERMINALIA (Fig. 8 A–B). Ninth tergite subtrapezoid. Gonocoxites (Fig. 8A): processes subtriangular (↓); ventral emargination large, extends beyond midlength of gonocoxites, largely occupied by membranous outgrowths of medial bridges (↓), with glabrous rim basally; apodemes merged into large, subrectangular plate that protrudes far beyond anterior gonocoxal margin (↓). Apex of ejaculatory apodeme bent ventrally (Fig. 8B). Ventral parameral tusks only slightly bent, dorsal tusks directed posteriorly (Fig. 8B).</p>
            <p>ejaculatory apodeme, ventral. Scale lines: 0.05 mm.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6053878BFFB7FFC3FDA55F95F116BE4B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jaschhof, Mathias	Jaschhof, Mathias (2016): New species of Monepidosis Mamaev, 1966 and Antipodosis gen. nov., a closely related genus from New Zealand (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 192: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.192
6053878BFFB5FFDDFDAF5D38F71EB55C.text	6053878BFFB5FFDDFDAF5D38F71EB55C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antipodosis waipapa Jaschhof 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Antipodosis waipapa gen. et sp. nov.</p>
            <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 53252B20-F0CE-4F56-B7DF-182BBFC599FA</p>
            <p>Fig. 9 A–B</p>
            <p>Diagnosis</p>
            <p> This is the only species of  Antipodosis gen. nov. , whose gonostyli have no apical structure, such as a pectinate or solid tooth (↓, Fig. 9A). As another peculiarity, the apical portion of the ejaculatory apodeme is conspicuously enlarged and spoon-shaped (↓, Fig. 9B). </p>
            <p>Etymology</p>
            <p> The name  waipapa , from the Maori language, refers to Waipapa Reserve in Pureora Forest where the type specimens of this species were collected. </p>
            <p>Type material</p>
            <p>Holotype</p>
            <p> NEW ZEALAND: Ƌ,  North Island ,  Taupo , Pureora Forest, Waipapa Reserve, shrubland, 570 m, 29 Mar. 1984, Malaise trap, J. Hutcheson (NZAC). </p>
            <p>Paratypes</p>
            <p>NEW ZEALAND: 2 ƋƋ, same data as the holotype, but podocarp forest, 17 Nov. 1983 (NZAC).</p>
            <p>Other characters (male)</p>
            <p>BODY LENGTH. 2.3 mm.</p>
            <p>HEAD. Eye bridge 9–10 ommatidia long dorsally. Scape and pedicel concolorous with flagellum. Neck of fourth flagellomere 1.8 times longer than node. Apices of antennae missing. Palpus 1.6 times longer than height of head.</p>
            <p>WING. Length/width 2.5. A short M present at wing margin.</p>
            <p>LEGS. Acropods missing, so length of empodia unknown.</p>
            <p>TERMINALIA (Fig. 9 A–B). Ninth tergite rounded posteriorly. Gonostylus flattened, rounded apically (Fig. 9A). Gonocoxites (Fig. 9A): true processes missing, medial bridges with membranous outgrowths that extend into the ventral emargination; emargination small, perfectly U-shaped, with glabrous rim basally; apodemes short, bilobed anteriorly. Ventral parameral tusks smaller and less strongly bent than dorsal tusks; parameral apodemes large, connected ventrally by weakly sclerotized bridge (Fig. 9B). Base of ejaculatory apodeme flattened; apical extension covered by membranous cap (Fig. 9B).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6053878BFFB5FFDDFDAF5D38F71EB55C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jaschhof, Mathias	Jaschhof, Mathias (2016): New species of Monepidosis Mamaev, 1966 and Antipodosis gen. nov., a closely related genus from New Zealand (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 192: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.192
6053878BFFAAFFDDFDA75F24F645B225.text	6053878BFFAAFFDDFDA75F24F645B225.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monepidosis Mamaev 1966	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Monepidosis Mamaev, 1966</p>
            <p> A bibliography including the synonymy of the genus  Monepidosis was given in the revision of  Porricondylinae by Jaschhof &amp; Jaschhof (2013). Species of  Monepidosis can be distinguished from each other using characters of the male gonocoxites, or more specifically, the processes at the ventroposterior gonocoxal margin, which vary in size, shape and position. There are two kinds of processes: the gonocoxal processes, which are outgrowths of the medial bridges, and the central processes, which are outgrowths of the ventral bridge (Jaschhof &amp; Jaschhof 2013; this paper, Fig. 10A). Apart from genitalic structures, the morphology of male  Monepidosis is extremely uniform. Females and larvae of most  Monepidosis species, including the species treated here, are unknown. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6053878BFFAAFFDDFDA75F24F645B225	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jaschhof, Mathias	Jaschhof, Mathias (2016): New species of Monepidosis Mamaev, 1966 and Antipodosis gen. nov., a closely related genus from New Zealand (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 192: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.192
6053878BFFAAFFDFFDB658AFF6EBB02F.text	6053878BFFAAFFDFFDB658AFF6EBB02F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monepidosis heterocera Jaschhof 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Monepidosis heterocera sp. nov.</p>
            <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A0B02B2E-6CB1-488A-8C19-DDB27BC9D43B</p>
            <p>Fig. 10 A–C</p>
            <p>Diagnosis</p>
            <p> A typical  Monepidosis (Jaschhof &amp; Jaschhof 2013: 185) , distinguished by the following genitalic characters in combination (Fig. 10 A–B). The gonocoxal processes, which arise from a concave, asetose area of varying size (↓, Fig. 10 A–B), are nearly as large and prominent (↓) as the central processes. Their apices are typically rounded (Fig. 10A), rarely more pointed (Fig. 10B), and membranous rather than sclerotized. The central processes, separated medially by a V-shaped space, are parallel-sided, unicolored, and end in small, strongly sclerotized hooks (↓, Fig. 10A). The bases of both gonocoxal and central processes are occasionally interconnected by a sclerotized rim, which is very pronounced in the specimen depicted in Fig. 10B (↓). </p>
            <p>Remarks on intraspecific variability</p>
            <p>Most of the specimens studied have rounded gonocoxal processes that arise from small depressions (Fig. 10C), so show a combination of the character states figured in A and B. The specimens depicted in A and B were initially suspected to belong to different species, until it became obvious that they represent the extreme ends of the range of variation described above. I believe that most of this variation is artificial, i.e. dependent on how a specimen is positioned in the balsam drop.</p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis</p>
            <p> Monepidosis heterocera sp. nov. and  M. pectinatoides Jaschhof, 2013 resemble each other in having moderately sized, prominent gonocoxal processes and wide, parallel-sided central processes. The two species differ in minute details concerning those processes. As characteristics of  M. pectinatoides , the gonocoxal processes are sharply pointed and sclerotized apically, and the central processes are bicolored, black laterally, white medially (Jaschhof &amp; Jaschhof 2013: fig. 89B). Further, the apical portion of the ejaculatory apodeme is more strongly bent ventrally in  M. pectinatoides than in any other  Monepidosis , including  M. heterocera sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Etymology</p>
            <p> The name  heterocera is derived from the Greek words heteros, for ‘different’, and keras, for ‘horn’, meaning ‘with different horns’, which refers to the gonocoxal processes that distinguish this species from its closest relatives. </p>
            <p>Type material</p>
            <p>Holotype</p>
            <p>
                 SWEDEN: Ƌ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.49/lat 56.61)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.49&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=56.61">Öland</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.49/lat 56.61)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.49&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=56.61">Mörbylånga</a>
                 , Skogsby, Station Linné, 56.61° N, 16.49° E, near compost pile, 1–31 Jul. 2014, Malaise trap, M. &amp; C. Jaschhof (NHRS CEC96). 
            </p>
            <p>Paratypes</p>
            <p>SWEDEN: 1 Ƌ, Öland, Gamla Skogsby (Kalkstad), 56.61° N, 16.50° E, mixed deciduous forest, 1–27 May 2014, Malaise trap, M. &amp; C. Jaschhof (NHRS CEC 97); 3 ƋƋ, same locality, 13 May–8 Jun. 2015, Malaise trap, M. &amp; C. Jaschhof (NHRS CEC 109–110, SDEI CEC 111).</p>
            <p>Other material examined</p>
            <p>SWEDEN: 2 ƋƋ, Öland, Gamla Skogsby (Kalkstad), 56.61° N, 16.50° E, mixed deciduous forest, 1–27 May 2014, Malaise trap, M. &amp; C. Jaschhof (NHRS ZFMK-TIS 2537355–2537356).</p>
            <p>GERMANY: 1 Ƌ, Brandenburg, Schorfheide-Chorin Biosphere Reserve, Barnim, Klein Ziethen, Kernberge near Serwester See, edge of pine forest, 22 Apr. 2009, Malaise trap, leg. SDEI (SDEI A7625); 1 Ƌ, Baden-Württemberg, Malsch, Glaser gravel plant, edge of pine forest, 19 Mar.–21 Apr. 2010, Malaise trap, D. Doczkal (SDEI A7624).</p>
            <p>Other characters</p>
            <p>BODY LENGTH. 1.7–1.9 mm.</p>
            <p>HEAD. Eye bridge 3–4 ommatidia long dorsally. Circumfila on flagellomeres 1–10. Neck of fourth flagellomere 1.5 times longer than node. Palpus 1.3–1.5 times longer than height of head.</p>
            <p>WING. Length/width 2.8–3.0. A remnant M present at wing margin.</p>
            <p>LEGS. Empodia rudimentary.</p>
            <p> TERMINALIA (Fig. 10 A–C). Gonostylus flattened, with plate-like, irregularly serrated spine around apex (Fig. 10 A–B). Parameres present as 2 pairs of large, strongly sclerotized, dorsally curved tusks, similar to those found in many other  Monepidosis (Jaschhof &amp; Jaschhof 2013: fig. 88A). Apex of ejaculatory apodeme flattened, bent ventrally; base widened, sclerotized (Fig. 10 A–B). </p>
            <p>Distribution and phenology</p>
            <p>Sweden (Öland), Germany (Brandenburg, Baden-Württemberg). Adults collected in and near deciduous and coniferous forest from March/April (southwest Germany) to July (southeast Sweden). Possibly a thermophilic species, given that all collection sites are favoured by a warm climate.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6053878BFFAAFFDFFDB658AFF6EBB02F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jaschhof, Mathias	Jaschhof, Mathias (2016): New species of Monepidosis Mamaev, 1966 and Antipodosis gen. nov., a closely related genus from New Zealand (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 192: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.192
6053878BFFA8FFD9FDBD5A95F6A4B526.text	6053878BFFA8FFD9FDBD5A95F6A4B526.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monepidosis scepteroides Jaschhof 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Monepidosis scepteroides sp. nov.</p>
            <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 60EE7BD9-7842-4026-BA78-050F926D770B</p>
            <p>Figs 1D, 11 A–C</p>
            <p>Diagnosis</p>
            <p> Monepidosis scepteroides sp. nov. is the only  Monepidosis with only one pair of parameral tusks (↓, Fig. 11C). Of the gonocoxites (Fig. 11A), the wide, shallow ventral emargination has a glabrous rim basally (↓); the central processes, which are situated posterior to that rim, form a widely open, unevenly sclerotized V-shape (↓); and gonocoxal processes are missing. </p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis</p>
            <p> Monepidosis scepteroides sp. nov. is similar to  M. scepteri Spungis, 2006 , especially with respect to the central processes. In  M. scepteroides sp. nov. , as distinct from  M. scepteri , the gonocoxites are wider than long instead of the reverse, and the plate-like gonostylar spine is a single piece rather than consisting of two clearly separated portions (Spungis 2006: fig. 4B). Like all  Monepidosis but  M. scepteroides sp. nov. ,  M. scepteri has two pairs of parameral tusks (Spungis 2006: fig. 4A). </p>
            <p>Etymology</p>
            <p> The name  scepteroides , an adjective, refers to the similarity of this species to  M. scepteri . </p>
            <p>Type material</p>
            <p>Holotype</p>
            <p>
                 SWEDEN: Ƌ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.5/lat 56.61)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=56.61">Mörbylånga</a>
                 , Gamla Skogsby (Kalkstad), 56.61° N, 16.50° E, mixed deciduous forest, 8 Aug. 2014, aspirator, M. Jaschhof (NHRS CEC94). 
            </p>
            <p>Other characters</p>
            <p>BODY LENGTH. 1.7 mm.</p>
            <p>HEAD. Eye bridge 3–4 ommatidia long dorsally. Apices of antennae missing, circumfila on flagellomeres 1–10 at least. Neck of fourth flagellomere 1.9 times longer than node (Fig. 1D). Palpus 1.3 times longer than height of head.</p>
            <p>WING. Length/width 3.1.</p>
            <p>LEGS. Empodia rudimentary.</p>
            <p>TERMINALIA (Fig. 11 A–C). Gonostylus (Fig. 11B) strongly flattened, with long, deeply incised plate-like spine apically and apicoventrally. Apex of ejaculatory apodeme pointed, flattened, bent ventrally; base weakly sclerotized, widened (Fig. 11C). Parameral tusks strongly curved, directed dorsally (↓, Fig. 11C).</p>
            <p>Distribution and phenology</p>
            <p>Sweden (Öland). Known from a single specimen collected in deciduous forest in August.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6053878BFFA8FFD9FDBD5A95F6A4B526	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jaschhof, Mathias	Jaschhof, Mathias (2016): New species of Monepidosis Mamaev, 1966 and Antipodosis gen. nov., a closely related genus from New Zealand (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 192: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.192
6053878BFFAEFFD8FDB85FAAF7C1B7BB.text	6053878BFFAEFFD8FDB85FAAF7C1B7BB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monepidosis shikokuensis Jaschhof 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Monepidosis shikokuensis sp. nov.</p>
            <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7F6FEC96-9091-44F0-849C-3342D230A34F</p>
            <p>Figs 1B, 12 A–B</p>
            <p>Diagnosis</p>
            <p> Parameres and ejaculatory apodeme of this highly unusual  Monepidosis are merged into a single complex structure (Fig. 12A). The portions of parameral origin, which encircle the ejaculatory apodeme, include vestigial tusks that are curved dorsally (↓). The ejaculatory apodeme is forked into 4 long prongs (↓), of which the laterals have finely serrate apices. The structure of gonostyli and gonocoxites is also exceptional in  M. shikokuensis sp. nov. (see section ‘Other characters’, Fig. 12B). </p>
            <p>Etymology</p>
            <p> The name  shikokuensis , an adjective, is derived from Shikoku, one of the main islands of Japan, where this species was found. </p>
            <p>Type material</p>
            <p>Holotype</p>
            <p>
                 JAPAN: Ƌ, Shikoku, Kochi,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 133.47/lat 33.55)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=133.47&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.55">Asakura</a>
                 , 33.55° N, 133.47° E, secondary growth of mixed evergreen deciduous / coniferous forest, 4–11 Nov. 1998, Malaise trap, M. &amp; C. Jaschhof (KUEC). 
            </p>
            <p>Other characters</p>
            <p>BODY LENGTH. 1.6 mm.</p>
            <p>HEAD. Eye bridge 5–6 ommatidia long dorsally. Circumfila on flagellomeres 1–12. Neck of fourth flagellomere 2.1 times longer than node. Palpus 1.3 times longer than height of head.</p>
            <p>WING (Fig. 1B). Length/width 3.2.</p>
            <p>LEGS. Empodia rudimentary.</p>
            <p>TERMINALIA (Fig. 12 A–B). Gonostylus flattened, slightly curved, tapered towards apex, without apical spine (↓, Fig. 12B). Gonocoxites (Fig. 12B): processes missing; ventral emargination unusually large,</p>
            <p>with broad, medially raised microtrichose rim basally (↓); apodemes approach each other. Base of ejaculatory apodeme sclerotized, widened (Fig. 12A).</p>
            <p>Distribution and phenology</p>
            <p>Japan (Shikoku). Known from a single specimen collected in evergreen secondary growth in November.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6053878BFFAEFFD8FDB85FAAF7C1B7BB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jaschhof, Mathias	Jaschhof, Mathias (2016): New species of Monepidosis Mamaev, 1966 and Antipodosis gen. nov., a closely related genus from New Zealand (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 192: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.192
6053878BFFAFFFDBFDA85E01F15CB7C7.text	6053878BFFAFFFDBFDA85E01F15CB7C7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monepidosis spatulata Spungis 2006	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Monepidosis spatulata Spungis, 2006</p>
            <p> Monepidosis spatulata Spungis, 2006: 27 . </p>
            <p>Remark</p>
            <p> Monepidosis spatulata , a species described on the basis of specimens found in Latvia and Lithuania (Spungis 2006), is here reported for the first time from Gotland, Sweden. </p>
            <p>Material examined</p>
            <p>SWEDEN: 1 Ƌ (no. CEC 98), Gotland, Eksta socken, Stora Karlsö, 8–29 Aug. 2014, Malaise trap, Hymenoptera Inventory Group 2014 (NHRS).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6053878BFFAFFFDBFDA85E01F15CB7C7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jaschhof, Mathias	Jaschhof, Mathias (2016): New species of Monepidosis Mamaev, 1966 and Antipodosis gen. nov., a closely related genus from New Zealand (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 192: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.192
