identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
50843A9054E65BBE92D725CC227571DF.text	50843A9054E65BBE92D725CC227571DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptanilla acherontia Griebenow 2024	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Leptanilla acherontia sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 9A-C, 10</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype. Kenya - Kakamega • 1 worker; Kakamega Forest, Isecheno; 00.24°N, 34.85°E; 6 Nov. 2002; 1550m a.s.l.; W. Okeka leg.; equatorial rainforest, sifted litter in soil under  Morus mesozygia ; CASENT0842720; UCDC Paratype. Kenya - Kakamega • 1 worker; same data as for holotype; CASENT0178284; LACM. </p>
            <p>Other material examined.</p>
            <p> Kenya - Kakamega • 1 worker; same data as for holotype; CASENT0842721; UCDC . </p>
            <p>Measurements (mm) and indices.</p>
            <p>Holotype: HW = 0.22; HL = 0.29; ML = 0.11; SL = 0.13; WL = N/A; PrW = 0.139; MW = 0.12; PTL = 0.11; PTH = N/A; PTW = 0.10; PPW = 0.11; TW4 = 0.21; CI = 75; SI = 62; MI = 52; PPI = 128.09; TI1 = 54.81. Other material examined: HW = 0.21; HL = 0.28; ML = 0.11; SL = 0.12; WL = 0.37; PrW = 0.13; MW = 0.11; PTL = 0.10; PTW = 0.09; PPL = 0.09; PPW = 0.10; TW4 = 0.20; CI = 75; SI = 58; MI = 55; PPI = 113; TI1 = 47.</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Lateral margins of cranium subparallel. Occipital carina indistinct. Frontoclypeal process absent; frontoclypeal margin with median portion slightly raised, entire. Mandibles short relative to head. Three teeth present on mandible; apical and subapical teeth entire, intermediate tooth shallowly bifid (Fig. 10); irregular denticles interposed between all three teeth. Large, tapering basal seta absent from mandible; subapical tapering seta present. Scape short, not reaching cranial vertex at rest, somewhat expanded towards apex. Pedicel length distinctly greater than that of basal flagellomere. Flagellum submoniliform; length of basal flagellomere distinctly less than that of distal antennomeres; apical flagellomere 2  × longer than subapical flagellomere. In dorsal view, pronotal margins moderately convex, pronotal width only slightly greater than mesonotal width. Pronotal dorsum planar, not elevated above dorsal mesonotal vertex. Lateral margins of mesonotum and metapectal-propodeal complex subparallel in dorsal view; mesonotum not constricted anteriorly. Meso-metapleural suture absent dorsally; pleural portion visible as sinuate signum in oblique anterior view. Propodeum convex in profile view; propodeal declivity vertical and linear; posterolateral corners of propodeum rounded. Tarsomeres broader than long. Meso- and metatibial spur formula 1b,2(1b,1p). Anterior margin of petiole linear in dorsal view. Length and breadth of abdominal segment II subequal, distinct dorsal node present; margins parallel in dorsal view; subpetiolar process absent. Lengths of abdominal segments II-III subequal. Abdominal segment III slightly broader than long in dorsal view. Breadth of abdominal segment III approximately half that of abdominal segment IV in dorsal view (TI1 = 47-54). Abdominal tergites IV-VII visible in posterodorsal view. Anteroposterior length of abdominal tergite IV twice anteroposterior length of abdominal tergite V in dorsal view. Anteroposterior lengths of abdominal tergites V-VI subequal; anteroposterior length of abdominal tergite VII much less than that of abdominal tergite VI. Sculpture largely absent. Vestiture consisting of short subdecumbent setae, longer and more abundant on gaster than on remainder of soma. Coloration yellowish. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The specific epithet refers to Acheron, a subterranean river in Greek mythology, continuing a theme established by the specific epithets of the related Iberian species  Leptanilla charonea and  Leptanilla plutonia López ,  Martínez &amp; Barandica, 1994. The gender is feminine. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Leptanilla acherontia sp. nov. most closely resembles  Leptanilla revelierii Emery, 1870,  Leptanilla kubotai Baroni Urbani, 1977, and  Leptanilla okinawensis Terayama, 2013, with three mandibular teeth and a linear clypeal margin. Abdominal tergite V is proportionally longer in dorsal view in  L. acherontia than  L. revelierii , while  L. acherontia differs from  L. kubotai and  L. okinawensis in pedicel shape and larger body size, respectively. Based on consultation of AntWeb images (https://www.antweb.org),  Leptanilla UG01, known only from equatorial rainforest in Kibale National Park, Uganda, is almost certainly conspecific with  L. acherontia . </p>
            <p> With  Leptanilla boltoni Baroni Urbani,  L. acherontia is one of only two described Afrotropical  Leptanilla species for which the worker caste is known. Phylogenomic inference indicates that  Leptanilla zhg-ke02 may represent the male of  L. acherontia (pers. obs.), but further sampling of sympatric  Leptanilla would be required for this association to be decisive. The type locality of  L. acherontia is situated in perhumid equatorial rainforest, contrasting with the semi-arid provenance of  Leptanilla zhg-ke01 and other Afrotropical and Western Palaearctic  Leptanilla . It is unclear to what degree climatic conditions dictate the distributions of  Leptanilla species. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/50843A9054E65BBE92D725CC227571DF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Griebenow, Zachary	Griebenow, Zachary (2024): Systematic revision of the ant subfamily Leptanillinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). ZooKeys 1189: 83-184, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.107506, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.107506
E42B0C80D4E05A5780C1992580F02955.text	E42B0C80D4E05A5780C1992580F02955.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptanilla belantan Griebenow 2024	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Leptanilla belantan sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 6A-C, 7, 8A-C</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype. Malaysia - Selangor • 1 worker; Genting Highlands, below Sri Layan; 1.iv.1981; W. L. Brown leg.; hill forest, red-rotten wood; MCZ:Ent:00728278. MCZC Paratypes. Malaysia - Selangor • 1 gyne; same data as for holotype; MCZ:Ent:00728275; MCZC • 3 worker, same data as for holotype; MCZ:Ent:00728276, MCZ:Ent:00728277, MCZ:Ent:00793731; MCZC • 2 worker, same data as for holotype; MCZ:Ent:00793729, MCZ:Ent:00793730; UCDC.</p>
            <p>Measurements (mm) and indices, worker.</p>
            <p>Holotype: HW = 0.34; HL = 0.44; SL = 0.28; LF2 = 0.05; ML = 0.2; WL = 0.56; PrW = 0.22; MW = 0.148; PTL = 0.14; PTH = 0.13; PTW = 0.08; PPL = 0.11; PPW = 0.10; PPH = 0.16; TW4 = 0.29; CI = 77; SI = 82.38; MI = 58; PI = 59; PPI = 91; TI1 = 33. Paratypes (n = 5): HW = 0.33-0.35; HL = 0.42-0.45; SL = 0.24-0.28; ML = 0.18-0.21; WL = 0.54-0.57; PrW = 0.224 -0.23; MW = 0.15-0.16; PTL = 0.14-0.16; PTH = 0.11-0.13; PTW = 0.08-0.09; PPL = 0.10-0.11; PPW = 0.09-0.10; PPH = 0.15-0.16; TW4 = 0.29-0.31; CI = 75-77; SI = 74-82; MI = 52-60; PI = 55-59; PPI = 89-98; TI1 = 32-35</p>
            <p>Measurements (mm) and indices, gyne.</p>
            <p>HW = 0.47; HL = 0.56; SL = 0.29; LF2 = 0.06; ML = 0.20; PrW = 0.30; MW = 0.31; PTL = 0.30; PTH = 0.21; PTW = 0.22; CI = 84; SI = 61; MI = 43; PI = 72</p>
            <p>Worker.</p>
            <p> Lateral margins of cranium slightly convex. Occipital carina distinct. Frontoclypeal process present, delimited from cranium by lateral carinae, with posteromedian delimitation from cranium, projecting well anterior of labrum in full-face view; apex robust, broad in outline, emarginate, bordered by laminae. Mandible short relative to head. Four teeth present on mandible; two teeth proximad apical tooth acute, subequal in size, with two denticles interposed; most proximal tooth large, distally recurved, blunt, enlarged apically (Fig. 7). Large, tapering basal seta absent from mandible; subapical tapering seta present (Fig. 7). Maxillary palp 2-merous. Scape short, not reaching cranial vertex at rest, somewhat expanded towards apex. Pedicel length subequal to that of basal flagellomere. Flagellum submoniliform; antennomere 3 subequal in length to distal antennomeres; apical flagellomere 2  × longer than subapical flagellomere. In dorsal view, pronotal margins strongly convex, pronotal width distinctly greater than mesonotal width. Pronotal dorsum moderately convex, slightly elevated above dorsal mesonotal vertex. Lateral margins of mesonotum and metapectal-propodeal complex subparallel in dorsal view; mesonotum not constricted anteriorly. Meso-metapleural suture entirely absent; fusion of mesonotum with propodeum marked by shallow excavation. Propodeum angular in profile view; propodeal declivity slanted; posterolateral corners rounded. Tarsomeres longer than broad. Meso- and metatibial spur formula 2b,2(1s,1p). Anterior margin of petiole linear in dorsal view. Abdominal segment II longer than wide, with distinct dorsal node; margins parallel in dorsal view; margin of abdominal sternite II linear in profile view, angled ventrally anteriorly; subpetiolar process present, not lamellate, anterior face concave in profile view. Length of abdominal segment II distinctly greater than that of III. Abdominal segment III longer than wide in dorsal view. Breadth of abdominal segment III less than half the breadth of abdominal segment IV in dorsal view (TI1 = 30-33). Anteroposterior length of abdominal tergite IV greater than that of V-VIII combined. Respective anteroposterior lengths of abdominal segments V-VII subequal. Coloration brown. </p>
            <p>Gyne.</p>
            <p>As for genus. Mandible with distinct basal and masticatory margins, edentate, not demarcated by a distinct subapical incisor; masticatory margin longer than basal margin. In dorsal view, breadth of mesonotum less than that of pronotum or metanotal-propodeal complex. Petiole longer than broad in dorsal view (PI = 0.719), constricted anteriorly along both transverse and dorsoventral axes; subpetiolar process absent. Dorsal node situated towards posterior of petiole. Abdominal segment III axial relative to posterad abdominal segments. Postsclerites of abdominal segments III-VII subequal in length. Vestiture consisting of short subdecumbent to suberect setae, longer and more abundant on gaster than on remainder of soma.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> “Belantan” is Malay for a club-like weapon, in reference to the shape of the proximal tooth of the worker mandible, the apical expansion of which is unique in mandibular teeth observed in  Leptanilla . The specific epithet is a noun in apposition and therefore invariant. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The worker of  Leptanilla belantan is closest to that of  Leptanilla judaica Kugler, 1987 and  Leptanilla ujjalai Saroj, Mandi &amp; Dubey, 2022 in appearance. Like  L. ujjalai ,  L. belantan possesses an enlarged, truncate proximal tooth on the mandible, which in the latter species is bent distally;  L. belantan differs from  L. ujjalai in not having a serrated subpetiolar process and in the apex of the frontoclypeal process being emarginate, rather than entire. Castaneous coloration and lack of a meso-metapleural furrow set  L. belantan apart from  L. judaica . The gyne habitus of  L. belantan is nearest to  Leptanilla escheri (Kutter, 1948), differing in the elongation of the masticatory margin and the complete absence of ommatidia. </p>
            <p> It is quite possible that the specimens identified as  L. escheri and mentioned by  Hölldobler et al. (1989) in fact belong to this species, since these also originated in peninsular Malaysia, although this speculation is unprovable because the repository of those specimens was not reported. It is also possible but unconfirmable that the undescribed  Leptanilla species portrayed in Bolton (1990b: figs 8-11) corresponds to  L. belantan . As with  L. escheri , the placement of  L. belantan in the  Leptanilla thai species group must be regarded with some caution until this hypothesis can be tested with phylogenomic inference. It is conceivable that  L. belantan instead belongs to the  Leptanilla havilandi species group, since the worker caste of the two clades are at times distinguishable only by phenetic minutiae such as sculpturation. Unlike its putative close relatives within the  Leptanilla thai species group,  L. belantan exists in parapatry with the  Leptanilla havilandi species group, allowing for the possibility that this species belongs to the latter clade. </p>
            <p> The mandible of the gyne of  L. belantan differs from the falcate facies observed in all other  Leptanilla gynes, with the masticatory margin being longer than the basal margin. The gyne mandible in  L. belantan therefore converges with the synapomorphic condition of the Poneroformicines (Richter et al. 2022). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E42B0C80D4E05A5780C1992580F02955	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Griebenow, Zachary	Griebenow, Zachary (2024): Systematic revision of the ant subfamily Leptanillinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). ZooKeys 1189: 83-184, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.107506, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.107506
12BA0053DED95412AFD9D04006C3278D.text	12BA0053DED95412AFD9D04006C3278D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptanilla bethyloides Griebenow 2024	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Leptanilla bethyloides sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 11A-C, 12</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype. China - Hong Kong • 1 male; Tai Po Kau; 22.44°N, 114.18°E (estimated from Google Earth to nearest minute), 15 Jun. 1964; W. J. Voss and W. M. Hui leg.; CASENT0842864. BPBM. Paratype. China - Hong Kong • 1 male; same locality as for preceding; 2-6 Jul. 1964; L. K. and H. W. Ming leg.; light trap; CASENT0842865. BPBM.</p>
            <p>Measurements (mm) and indices, male.</p>
            <p>Holotype: HW = 0.27; HL = 0.32; SL = 0.10; LF2 = 0.04; EL = 0.11; EW = 0.12; WL = 0.59; MSL = 0.35; MSW = 0.23; PTW = 0.25; PTL = 0.10; PTH = 0.13; REL = 34; SI = 36; CI = 244; OI = 113; MSI = 152.38; PI = 247.52. Paratype: HW = 0.25; HL = 0.30; SL = 0.08; LF2 = 0.04; EL = 0.11; EW = 0.12; WL = 0.53; MSL = 0.31; MSW = 0.22; PTH = 0.12; REL = 35; SI = 32; CI = 219; OI = 110; MSI = 139</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Cranial outline quadrate. Occiput emarginate in full-face view. Frons not produced into anterior shelf. Mandible articulated to gena; broader than long. Mandalus large, covering entire anterodorsal mandibular surface. Maxillary palp 1-merous. Clypeus anteroposteriorly reduced, not discernible in full-face view. Anterior tentorial pits not discernible. Compound eyes wider than long in profile view (OI = 110-112), posterior margin slightly emarginate, all other margins convex. Anteromedian ocellus and compound eyes not intersecting line drawn perpendicular to anteroposterior axis of cranium. Scape anteroposteriorly compressed, longer than wide (SL = 0.081-0.095 mm), shorter than anteroposterior length of compound eye; pedicel short, subcylindrical, lateral margins parallel, length 0.5  × that of scape; antennomere 3 short (LF2 = 0.037-0.039 mm), subcylindrical, length subequal to that of pedicel; flagellum submoniliform, not extending posterior to mesoscutum if folded flat over mesosoma. Pronotum and mesoscutum posteriorly prolonged. In profile view anterodorsal pronotal face diagonal to craniocaudal axis at ~45° angle, but profile of pronotum otherwise obscured by vestiture. Mesoscutal dorsum slightly convex; mesoscutum longer than broad (MSI = 139-152). Antero-admedian signum absent. Notauli absent. Parapsidal signa present, impressed. Mesoscutellum longer than tall, dorsum not lower than that of mesoscutum, posterodorsal mesoscutellar face convex, posteriorly produced, not recurved. Oblique mesopleural sulcus present, not intersecting metapectal-propodeal complex. Metapleuron distinct, transected by transverse sulcus. Metapleural gland absent. Propodeum convex in profile view, without distinct dorsal and posterior faces. Pro- and metacoxa subequal in length, metacoxa somewhat more massive; mesocoxa shorter than pro- and metacoxa. Protrochanters sphenoid in outline, distally truncate. Profemur not markedly constricted at base, anteroposteriorly compressed, incrassate; acute distal flange on posterior surface absent; arcuate medial carina absent. Protibial and profemoral length subequal; protibia not dorsoventrally compressed, without ventromedian carina; protibial comb absent; probasitarsal seta not hypertrophied. Meso- and metatibial spur formula 2b,2(1b,1p). C and Sc+R+Rs fused, tubular; 2s-rs +R+4-6 and M+Cu tubular; all other venation absent. Costal infuscation absent. Abdominal segment II anteroposteriorly compressed, broader than long in dorsal view excluding presclerites; dorsal node present, well-developed; with median dorsal excavation. Abdominal sternite II without process, planar in profile view. Presclerites of abdominal segments IV-VIII inconspicuous. Abdominal segments III-VII without tergosternal fusion. Tergosternal fusion of abdominal segment VIII-IX unknown. Abdominal tergites III-VIII not anteroposteriorly compressed, lateral margins subparallel; breadth of abdominal tergite VIII subequal to that of abdominal tergite VII in posterodorsal view. Abdominal sternite VIII anteroposteriorly compressed, visible without dissection, posterior margin entire. Abdominal sternite IX not visible without dissection. Mulceators absent. Gonopodites articulate. Gonocoxites without complete dorsomedian and ventromedian fusion; ventromedial margin of gonocoxite with lamina; apicoventral laminae absent. Gonostylus present, outline lanceolate, apex entire. Volsellae absent. Penial sclerites dorsoventrally compressed, not basally recurved, ventromedian carina extending along most of length, without lateral laminate margins. Phallotreme dorsal, concealed by gonostyli in available specimens. Somal sclerites with thick vestiture of decumbent to suberect setae, sparsest on meso- and metapleuron; setae appressed to decumbent on antennae and legs; gonostyli with similar vestiture to abdominal postsclerites, genitalia otherwise glabrous. Base of forewing costa bearing row of exceptionally long, suberect setae. Cuticle bearing piligerous punctae; sculpture otherwise absent. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The specific epithet refers to the gestalt of this ant, which resembles that of the flat wasps (  Chrysidoidea :  Bethylidae ). While superficial, this resemblance was pronounced enough that the holotype and paratype of  L. bethyloides were initially mis-sorted to  Bethylidae incertae sedis at the Bishop Museum. The specific epithet is neuter. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Among the  Leptanilla bethyloides species group, of which this is the only described species,  L. bethyloides most closely resembles multiple undescribed morphospecies from southern Burma, differing in larger size (WL = 0.532-0.594 mm) and the proportions of the metasomal segments. Describing a new species of  Leptanilla based solely upon male specimens, as here done for  L. bethyloides , was eloquently argued against by Bolton (1990b), since it exacerbates the probable redundancy that plagues the taxonomy of  Leptanilla . This description of  L. bethyloides is justified only to give a formal species group name (i.e., the  Leptanilla bethyloides species group) to a major clade of  Leptanilla known only from male specimens. </p>
            <p> The volsellae are known to be wholly lacking in  Leptanilla zhg-mm03 (Griebenow et al. in press), which shows very close morphological affinity to  L. bethyloides ; therefore, I infer the absence of the volsellae in this species. The condition of the volsellae cannot be assessed in any other representatives of the  Leptanilla bethyloides species group besides  Leptanilla zhg-mm03. Given the relative lack of phylogenetic signal in the worker phenotype of  Leptanilla and the scarcity of species in which the worker caste and phylogenetic position are both known, it is difficult to predict the morphology of the unknown worker of  L. bethyloides or other members of the  Leptanilla bethyloides species group, beyond a probable 1,1 palpal formula. It is conceivable that  Leptanilla macauensis Leong, Yamane &amp;  Guénard , 2018 represents this worker, although unlikely, given the conformity of  L. macauensis to the worker diagnosis for the  Leptanilla revelierii species group, where it is placed in this study. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/12BA0053DED95412AFD9D04006C3278D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Griebenow, Zachary	Griebenow, Zachary (2024): Systematic revision of the ant subfamily Leptanillinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). ZooKeys 1189: 83-184, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.107506, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.107506
FF818E27A13E582C9003A6BC077EF6BC.text	FF818E27A13E582C9003A6BC077EF6BC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptanillinae Emery 1870	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Leptanillinae Emery, 1910</p>
            <p>Type genus.</p>
            <p> Leptanilla Emery, 1870: 196. </p>
            <p>Worker diagnosis</p>
            <p>(modified from Bolton 2003):</p>
            <p>Mandibles without differentiated basal and masticatory margins.</p>
            <p>At least one preapical tooth or lobe present on mandible.</p>
            <p>Frontal lobes absent.</p>
            <p>Antennal sockets dorsal, fully exposed.</p>
            <p> Compound eyes absent, if present (  Protanilla izanagi Terayama, 2013) then reduced to two ommatidia (Fig. 17A). </p>
            <p>Ocelli absent.</p>
            <p>Antenna 12-merous.</p>
            <p>Promesonotal suture fully articulated.</p>
            <p>Propodeal lobes weakly present (Opamyrmini) or absent (Leptanillini).</p>
            <p>Propodeal spiracle situated low on propodeum.</p>
            <p>Metacoxal foramen small, fully closed (Fig. 18).</p>
            <p>Suture absent from annulus surrounding metacoxal foramen.</p>
            <p>Metapleural gland present.</p>
            <p>Orifice of metapleural gland covered by dorsal cuticular flange.</p>
            <p>Helcial sternite reduced and partly covered by corresponding tergite.</p>
            <p>Spiracle of abdominal segment III large and placed far forward.</p>
            <p>Spiracles of abdominal segments IV-VII concealed by posterior margins of preceding tergites.</p>
            <p> Petiole sessile, rarely subsessile (  Protanilla taylori species group). </p>
            <p>Abdominal postsclerites II with (Leptanillini) or without (Opamyrmini) complete tergosternal fusion.</p>
            <p>Abdominal postsclerites III with (Leptanillini) or without (Opamyrmini) tergosternal fusion.</p>
            <p>Abdominal segment III petiolate (Leptanillini) or not (Opamyrmini).</p>
            <p>Abdominal segment IV without tergosternal fusion.</p>
            <p>Stridulitrum absent from abdominal segment IV.</p>
            <p>Abdominal tergite VII large, with simple posterior margin.</p>
            <p>Sting present.</p>
            <p>Pretarsal claws edentate.</p>
            <p>Gyne diagnosis.</p>
            <p>As above, but alate or dichthadiiform (rarely ergatoid). If alate then with ocelli and pterostigma; hindwing with R + Rs and 1A tubular, not intersecting distal wing margin. If dichthadiiform then compound eyes reduced to one or two ommatidia, or absent; ocelli absent; mandibles sometimes edentate.</p>
            <p>Male diagnosis</p>
            <p>(modified from Boudinot 2015):</p>
            <p> Mandible edentate, nub-like or spatulate (  Leptanilla anomala (Brues, 1925), comb. nov.). </p>
            <p>Frontal carinae absent.</p>
            <p>Cuticular pegs absent from anterior clypeal margin.</p>
            <p>Antenna 13-merous.</p>
            <p>Funiculus filiform to submoniliform.</p>
            <p>Oblique mesopleural sulcus present or absent.</p>
            <p>Metapleural spiracular plate absent.</p>
            <p>Propodeal lobes inconspicuous or absent.</p>
            <p>Metacoxal foramen small, fully closed.</p>
            <p>Mesotibia with one or two spurs or none.</p>
            <p>Metatibia with one or two spurs.</p>
            <p>Metatarsus lacking posterolateral line of dense differentiated setae.</p>
            <p>Pretarsal claws edentate.</p>
            <p>Pterostigma present or absent.</p>
            <p>Rs+M absent (Leptanillini) or present, nebulous (Opamyrmini).</p>
            <p>1m-cu absent (Leptanillini) or present, nebulous (Opamyrmini).</p>
            <p>Jugal lobe absent.</p>
            <p>Hindwing venation reduced, at most R+Rs and 1A tubular.</p>
            <p> Metapleural gland absent (Fig. 19A) or rarely present (Fig. 19B) (e.g.,  Leptanilla zhg-th02). </p>
            <p> Petiole present or reduced to absent (  Leptanilla thai species group,  Leptanilla havilandi species group). </p>
            <p>Helcium axial or infra-axial.</p>
            <p> Abdominal segment III not petiolate, or rarely petiolate (  Protanilla bicolor species group). </p>
            <p>Abdominal segment IV not vaulted, as long as, or distinctly longer than posterad abdominal segments.</p>
            <p>Abdominal spiracles IV-VIII obscured by preceding tergites.</p>
            <p>Posterior margin of abdominal sternite IX with posteromedian process, or entire, or emarginate, or with mulceators.</p>
            <p>Cerci absent.</p>
            <p>Larval diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Stenocephalous, with post-cranial soma moderately (i.e., habitus pogonomyrmecoid) to extremely (i.e., habitus leptanilloid) elongate. Mandibles typhlomyrmecoid or leptanilloid.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FF818E27A13E582C9003A6BC077EF6BC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Griebenow, Zachary	Griebenow, Zachary (2024): Systematic revision of the ant subfamily Leptanillinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). ZooKeys 1189: 83-184, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.107506, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.107506
FF1EA791AB27538EB2BA657B5826A895.text	FF1EA791AB27538EB2BA657B5826A895.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Opamyrmini Emery 1870	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Opamyrmini Boudinot &amp; Griebenow, tribe nov.</p>
            <p> Opamyrma Yamane, Bui &amp; Eguchi, 2008 (Fig. 20). </p>
            <p>Worker diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Medial mandibular surface with single peg-like chaeta.</p>
            <p>Mandible with one tooth and several preapical lobes.</p>
            <p>Labrum with multiple ranks of peg-like chaetae (Yamada et al. 2020: fig. 2F).</p>
            <p>Maxillary palp 4-merous.</p>
            <p>Labial palp 2-merous.</p>
            <p>Clypeus extending posteriorly between antennal toruli.</p>
            <p>Posteromedian epistomal sulcus not clearly discernible.</p>
            <p>Occiput visible in full-face view.</p>
            <p>Meso-metapleural suture absent.</p>
            <p>Propodeal lobe weakly present.</p>
            <p>Subpetiolar process absent.</p>
            <p>Abdominal postsclerites II without tergosternal fusion.</p>
            <p>Abdominal segment III not petiolate or narrower than posterad abdominal segments.</p>
            <p>Abdominal postsclerites IV subequal in length to abdominal postsclerites V and VI.</p>
            <p>Abdominal tergite VII hypertrophied, dome-like.</p>
            <p>Gyne diagnosis.</p>
            <p>As above, but alate, with compound eyes and three ocelli; occipital carina with short medioventral interruption. M + Cu complete, tubular; cu-a present; Rs + M, Cuf2 and -3, and 1m-cu present and spectral; 2r-rs + Rsf4 adjoined by Rsf3.</p>
            <p>Male diagnosis.</p>
            <p> As for the  Leptanillinae , but Rs+M and 1m-cu present, and abdominal segment II without tergosternal fusion. Cupula non-annular. Lateropenite present, fully articulated to parossiculus, and malleate. </p>
            <p>Larval diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Habitus pogonomyrmecoid. Cranium subelliptical in full-face view. Mandibles typhlomyrmecoid, without teeth, lateral surfaces smooth. Setae short, suberect. Ventral prothoracic process and hemolymph tap on abdominal segment IV absent.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FF1EA791AB27538EB2BA657B5826A895	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Griebenow, Zachary	Griebenow, Zachary (2024): Systematic revision of the ant subfamily Leptanillinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). ZooKeys 1189: 83-184, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.107506, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.107506
30B57B9DF50F5050B2D8349B4CD011EF.text	30B57B9DF50F5050B2D8349B4CD011EF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptanilla Emery 1870	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Leptanilla Emery, 1870</p>
            <p> Leptanilla Emery, 1870: 196. Type species:  Leptanilla revelierii Emery, 1870, by monotypy. </p>
            <p> Scyphodon Brues, 1925: 93. Type species:  Leptanilla anomala (Brues, 1925), comb. nov., by monotypy. Holotype of  L. anomala examined; deposited at MHNG. Syn. nov. </p>
            <p> Phaulomyrma Wheeler &amp; Wheeler, 1930: 193. Type species:  Leptanilla javana (Wheeler &amp; Wheeler, 1930), by original designation. Holotype of  L. javana examined; deposited at MCZC. Synonymy by Griebenow (2021). </p>
            <p> Leptomesites Kutter, 1948: 286. Type species:  Leptanilla escheri (Kutter, 1948), by monotypy. Holotype of  L. escheri examined; deposited at MZLS. Synonymy by Baroni Urbani (1977). </p>
            <p> Noonilla Petersen, 1968: 582. Type species:  Leptanilla copiosa (Petersen, 1968), by monotypy. Holotype of  L. copiosa not examined; deposited at NHMD. Syn. nov. </p>
            <p> Yavnella Kugler, 1987 (  “1986” ): 52. Type species:  Leptanilla argamani (Kugler, 1987 (  “1986” )), by original designation. Holotype of  L. argamani not examined; deposited at TAU. Syn. nov. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/30B57B9DF50F5050B2D8349B4CD011EF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Griebenow, Zachary	Griebenow, Zachary (2024): Systematic revision of the ant subfamily Leptanillinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). ZooKeys 1189: 83-184, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.107506, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.107506
7E2F2F45CD995AF992E2879B7D26E448.text	7E2F2F45CD995AF992E2879B7D26E448.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptanilla najaphalla Griebenow 2024	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Leptanilla najaphalla sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 13A-C, 14A-D, 15, 16</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype. Malaysia - Sabah • 1 male; Sipitang Dist., Mendolong; 4.917°N, 115.767°E (estimated from Google Earth to nearest minute); 27 Apr. 1988; S. Adebratt leg.; A1L; CASENT0106427 (MZLU00174197); MZLU. Paratypes. 5 male; same locality as for preceding; 16 Apr. 1988; S. Adebratt leg.; A1L; CASENT0106416 (MZLU00174186), CASENT0106417 (MZLU00174187), CASENT0106438 (MZLU00174208), CASENT0106444 (MZLU00174214), CASENT0106457 (MZLU00174227); MZLU • 5 male; same locality as for preceding; 19 Apr. 1988; S. Adebratt leg.; W5L; CASENT0106421, CASENT0106432, CASENT0106433, CASENT0106449, CASENT0106450; UCDC • 2 male; same locality as for preceding; 7 Apr. 1988; S. Adebratt leg.; A1L; CASENT0106435 (MZLU00174205), CASENT0106437 (MZLU00174207); MZLU • 1 male; same locality as for preceding; 4 May 1988; S. Adebratt leg.; T4/R; CASENT0106412; MCZC • 2 male; same locality as for preceding; 5 May 1988; S. Adebratt leg.; A1L; CASENT0106418, CASENT0106453; MCZC • 3 male; MALAYSIA, Sabah: same locality as for preceding; 13 May 1988; T4/R; CASENT0106414, CASENT0106415, CASENT0106429; CAS.</p>
            <p>Measurements (mm) and indices, male.</p>
            <p>Holotype: HW = 0.29; HL = 0.35; SL = 0.14; LF2 = 0.05; LF2 = 0.05; EL = 0.16; EW = 0.16; WL = 0.80; MSW = 0.26; MSL = 0.48; PTW = N/A; PTL = N/A; PTH = 0.24; REL = 46; SI = 48; CI = 82; OI = 98; MSI = 54. Paratypes (n = 18): HW = 0.27-0.31; HL = 0.27-0.40; SL = 0.12-0.16; LF2 = 0.05-0.06; EL = 0.14-0.17; EW = 0.14-0.16; WL = 0.69-0.83; MSW = 0.22-0.27; MSL = 0.42-0.53; PTW = 0.15-0.18; PTL = 0.12-0.15; PTH = 0.23-0.28; REL = 40-57; SI = 45-55; CI = 74-103; OI = 82-103; MSI = 48-54; PI = 105-140.</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Cranial outline quadrate. Occiput emarginate in full-face view. Frons produced into anterior shelf. Mandible articulated to gena; distinctly longer than broad. Mandalus large, covering most of anterodorsal mandibular surface. Maxillary palp 1-merous. Clypeus anteroposteriorly reduced, concealed by frontal shelf in full-face view. Anterior tentorial pits not discernible. Compound eyes somewhat longer than wide in profile view, or EW and EL subequal (OI = 82-102), posterior margin slightly emarginate, all other margins convex. Anteromedian ocellus and compound eyes not intersecting line drawn perpendicular to anteroposterior axis of cranium. Scape anteroposteriorly compressed, longer than wide (SL = 0.124-0.154), shorter than anteroposterior length of compound eye; pedicel short, subcylindrical, lateral margins parallel, length 0.5 that of scape; antennomere 3 short, subcylindrical, length less than that of pedicel or scape; flagellum submoniliform, not extending posterior to mesoscutellum if folded flat over mesosoma. Pronotum and mesoscutum posteriorly prolonged. In profile view anterodorsal pronotal face slightly convex, diagonal to craniocaudal axis at ~ 45° angle. Mesoscutal dorsum planar; mesoscutum longer than broad (MSI = 48-53). Antero-admedian signum absent. Notauli absent. Parapsidal signa present, not impressed. Mesoscutellum longer than tall, dorsum not lower than that of mesoscutum, posterodorsal mesoscutellar face convex, not posteriorly produced. Oblique mesopleural sulcus present, not intersecting metapectal-propodeal complex. Metapleuron indistinct. Metapleural gland absent. Propodeum convex in profile view, with distinct dorsal and posterior faces; areas of these faces subequal. Procoxa longer than meso- and metacoxa; procoxa without distal transverse carina. Protrochanters sphenoid in outline, distally truncate. Profemur markedly constricted at base, anteroposteriorly compressed, incrassate; acute distal flange on posterior surface present; arcuate medial carina absent. Protibia&gt; 0.5  × length of profemur, not dorsoventrally compressed, without ventromedian carina; protibial comb present, length of processes decreasing distally; probasitarsal seta not hypertrophied. Meso- and metatibial spur formula 2b,2b. C, Sc+R+Rs, 2s-rs +R+4-6, Rf, Mf1, cu-a, and Cuf+1A tubular; M+Cu and 1A nebulous; all other venation absent. Cuf+1A spectral apically, not reaching anal margin. Costal infuscation present proximal to 2s-rs +R+4-6; C extending well beyond infuscation. Abdominal segment II anteroposteriorly compressed, slightly broader than long in dorsal view (PI = 105-133); dorsal node present, well-developed, without median excavation. Abdominal sternite II with process along posterior half of length, outline cuneiform in profile view, apex rounded. Presclerites of abdominal segments IV-VIII inconspicuous. Abdominal segments III-IX without tergosternal fusion (Griebenow et al. in press). Abdominal tergites IV-VII each broader than preceding tergite in dorsal view, lateral margins diverging posteriorly; breadth of abdominal tergite VIII less than that of abdominal tergite VII in posterodorsal view. Abdominal sternite VIII anteroposteriorly compressed, not visible without dissection, posterior margin entire (Griebenow et al. in press). Abdominal sternite IX with posteromedian fusion to gonocoxites (Griebenow et al. in press); anteroposteriorly compressed along median axis, laterally expanded and lobate. Mulceators present, subcircular in cross-section, longer than anteroposterior length of gonocoxites. Gonocoxites bulbous, with complete dorsomedian and ventromedian fusion; apicoventral laminae present, subulate in outline. Gonostyli absent. Volsellae present, with complete proximomedian fusion, subcircular in cross-section; sclerotized medial carina present at volsellar apex, produced into pair of denticles, dorsal denticle shorter than ventral one. Penial sclerites not dorsoventrally compressed, basally recurved, proximal  ¼ subcircular in cross-section, apical 1/3 with ventromedian carina; rounded platform proximad this median carina with outline elliptical; phallotreme subapical and ventral, recessed, not surrounded by vestiture of setae; lateral laminate flanges present. Most sclerites with vestiture of subdecumbent to appressed setae; elongated on posterior margins of abdominal tergites III-VIII, increasing in length posteriorly; anterior faces of mulceators with elongate suberect setae; ectal faces of volsellae with suberect to erect setae, genitalia otherwise bare. Cuticle bearing piligerous punctae; sculpture fatiscent distad and proximad phallotreme (Fig. 16). </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The specific epithet derives from  Naja (  Squamata :  Elapidae ), the cobra, and - phalla, meaning penis. This refers to the florid facies of the penial sclerites, which recalls the threat display of these snakes: the dorsal curvature of the penial sclerites resembles the rearing posture, while the lateral laminae resemble the extended  “hood” of the cobra. The specific epithet is feminine. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The males of  L. najaphalla uniformly differ from the sympatric undescribed morphospecies  Leptanilla zhg-my05, to which  L. najaphalla is sister, in the outline of the apicolateral gonocoxital lamina and the proportions of the penial sclerites and volsellae to the gonocoxites. </p>
            <p> The description of  L. najaphalla only from male specimens is justified for the same reasons as provided for the description of  L. bethyloides , also only from male specimens (see  “Remarks” concerning  L. bethyloides above): the clade to which this species belongs, heretofore referred to as the "Bornean morphospecies group", is known only from male specimens.  Leptanilla najaphalla was included in the phylogenetic analyses of Griebenow (2020, 2021) under the provisional identifier  Leptanilla zhg-my02, with the genitalia being the subject of detailed morphological study using micro-computed tomography (Griebenow et al. in press) under that same provisional identifier. </p>
            <p> Revised diagnosis and generic classification of  Leptanillinae</p>
            <p> Based upon total-evidence and phylogenomic inference (in preparation by the author) corroborated by previous studies (Griebenow 2020, 2021), I here enact a revised classification of the  Leptanillinae , reducing the number of genera to three. Summaries of character states that in combination differentiate major clades of the  Leptanillinae from their relatives are provided below. These summary diagnoses are based upon all adult castes and larvae, when available. Apomorphies relative to the parent taxon are italicized; characters of uncertain polarity are marked with an asterisk. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7E2F2F45CD995AF992E2879B7D26E448	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Griebenow, Zachary	Griebenow, Zachary (2024): Systematic revision of the ant subfamily Leptanillinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). ZooKeys 1189: 83-184, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.107506, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.107506
831D83F1193F507E909708E66E9C0380.text	831D83F1193F507E909708E66E9C0380.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Opamyrma Yamane, Bui & Eguchi 2008	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Opamyrma Yamane, Bui &amp; Eguchi, 2008</p>
            <p> Opamyrma Yamane, Bui &amp; Eguchi, 2008: 56. Type species:  Opamyrma hungvuong Yamane et al., by monotypy. </p>
            <p> Opamyrma hungvuong Yamane, Bui &amp; Eguchi, 2008. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>As for tribe.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Opamyrma was described in the  Amblyoponinae , based solely upon worker morphology (Yamane et al. 2008), and was subsequently found by Ward and Fisher (2016) to belong to the  Leptanillinae based upon phylogenetic inference from 11 nuclear loci. All subsequent phylogenetic inference consistently recovers  Opamyrma as sister to the remaining  Leptanillinae (Borowiec et al. 2019; Griebenow 2020, pers. obs.). All adult forms lack complete tergosternal fusion in abdominal segment II, a plesiomorphy unique among the  Leptanillinae . The presence of weak propodeal lobes (Yamada et al. 2020: 34) is plesiomorphic relative to the  Leptanillini , in which the propodeal lobes are absent in the worker caste. The lack of petiolation of abdominal segment III in the worker caste of  Opamyrma is also unique among the  Leptanillinae but this character state may not be plesiomorphic for the subfamily. The polarity of the proportions of abdominal postsclerites IV relative to V-VI within the  Leptanillinae is also unclear. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/831D83F1193F507E909708E66E9C0380	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Griebenow, Zachary	Griebenow, Zachary (2024): Systematic revision of the ant subfamily Leptanillinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). ZooKeys 1189: 83-184, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.107506, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.107506
23DF9092012359769ECD110567BE18D0.text	23DF9092012359769ECD110567BE18D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptanillini Yamane, Bui & Eguchi 2008	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Leptanillini Emery, 1910</p>
            <p> Leptanilla Emery, 1870. </p>
            <p> Protanilla Taylor in Bolton, 1990b. </p>
            <p>Worker diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Medial mandibular surface with or without peg-like chaetae.</p>
            <p>Mandible with 0-4 teeth along medial margin.</p>
            <p>Labrum with (Fig. 21A, B) or without multiple ranks of peg- or pencil-like chaetae.</p>
            <p>Maxillary palp 4-, 2-, or 1-merous.</p>
            <p>Labial palp 2- or 1-merous.</p>
            <p>Clypeus extending posteriorly between antennal toruli (Fig. 22A) or not (Fig. 22B).</p>
            <p>Posteromedian epistomal sulcus clearly discernible (Fig. 22A) or not (Fig. 22B).</p>
            <p>Occiput not visible in full-face view.</p>
            <p>Meso-metapleural suture present or absent.</p>
            <p>Propodeal lobes absent.</p>
            <p>Subpetiolar process present or absent.</p>
            <p>Abdominal postsclerites II-III with tergosternal fusion.</p>
            <p>Abdominal segment III petiolate, narrower than posterad abdominal segments.</p>
            <p>Abdominal postsclerites IV subequal in length to, or greater in length than, abdominal postsclerites V-VI.</p>
            <p>Abdominal tergite VII enlarged, not dome-like.</p>
            <p>Gyne diagnosis.</p>
            <p> See respective gyne-based diagnoses for  Protanilla and  Leptanilla below. </p>
            <p>Male diagnosis.</p>
            <p> As for the  Leptanillinae , but Rs+M and 1m-cu absent. Abdominal segment II with complete tergosternal fusion. Lateropenite present or absent; if present, then not articulated to parossiculus and never malleate. </p>
            <p>Larval diagnosis.</p>
            <p> See respective larval diagnoses for  Protanilla and  Leptanilla below. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/23DF9092012359769ECD110567BE18D0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Griebenow, Zachary	Griebenow, Zachary (2024): Systematic revision of the ant subfamily Leptanillinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). ZooKeys 1189: 83-184, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.107506, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.107506
393EA02EF63D5D719C5D643026380A48.text	393EA02EF63D5D719C5D643026380A48.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protanilla Taylor in Bolton 1990	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Protanilla Taylor in Bolton, 1990b</p>
            <p>Fig. 23</p>
            <p> Protanilla Taylor in Bolton, 1990b: 279. Type species:  Protanilla rafflesi Taylor in Bolton, 1990b, by monotypy. </p>
            <p> Anomalomyrma Taylor in Bolton, 1990b: 278. Type species:  Protanilla taylori (Taylor in Bolton, 1990b), comb. nov., by monotypy. Syn. nov. </p>
            <p> Furcotanilla Xu, 2012: 481. Type species:  Protanilla furcomandibula Xu &amp; Zhang, 2002, by original designation. Synonymy by Hsu et al. (2017). Holotype of  P. furcomandibula not examined. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/393EA02EF63D5D719C5D643026380A48	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Griebenow, Zachary	Griebenow, Zachary (2024): Systematic revision of the ant subfamily Leptanillinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). ZooKeys 1189: 83-184, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.107506, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.107506
13D818D1E9B555E6AB3C39D6C80169DC.text	13D818D1E9B555E6AB3C39D6C80169DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protanilla wallacei Griebenow 2024	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Protanilla wallacei sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Fig. 4A-C</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype. Malaysia - Sarawak • 1 worker; Gunung Mulu National Park, 4th division; 4.09°N, 114.89°E (estimated from Google Earth to nearest minute); May-Aug. 1978, P. M. Hammond and J. E. Marshall leg.; CASENT0902782; BM1978-49, BMNH(E) 1015826. BMNH. Paratype. Malaysia - Sabah • 1 worker; Gunung Silam, Lahad Datu; 4.96°N, 118.17°E (estimated from Google Earth to nearest minute); 630m a.s.l.; 1983; R. Leakey leg; CASENT0842699; UCDC.</p>
            <p>Other material examined.</p>
            <p>
                  Malaysia - Sabah • 1 worker; 8km S  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 116.47175/lat 4.62844)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=116.47175&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.62844">Sapulut</a>
                 , 4.62844°N, 116.47175°E; 325m a.s.l.; 31.vii.2014; P. S. Ward leg.; sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood), rainforest; CASENT0842640; PSW17199-01. UCDC  . 
            </p>
            <p>Measurements (mm) and indices.</p>
            <p>Holotype: N/A Paratype: HL = 0.42; HW = 0.33; SL = 0.22; PW = 0.27; WL = 0.68; PTL = 0.2; PTW = 0.19; PPTL = 0.19; PPTW = 0.2; CI = 79; SI = 106; PI = 98; PPI = 113. Other material examined (n = 2): HL = 0.43-0.46; HW = 0.35-0.36; SL = 0.33-0.39; ML = 0.21-0.24; PW = 0.26-0.29; WL = 0.64-0.72; PTL = 0.19-0.21; PTW = 0.2; PPTL = 0.19-0.21; PPTW = 0.2-0.23; CI = 78-80; SI = 97-102; PI = 93-101; PPI = 105-108</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Lateral cranial margins converging anteriorly; cranium not bulging towards vertex. Genal angle laterad antennal toruli obtuse. Outline of clypeus campaniform in full-face view, laterally elevated above cranium, posteriorly not elevated above frons; clypeal surface planar; anterior clypeal margin slightly emarginate, posteromedian clypeal margin emarginate; median clypeal ridge present on mesal surface of clypeus, externally visible. Labrum visible in full-face view; anterodorsal apex of labrum armed with three or four dentiform, peg-like chaetae; venter with vestiture of suberect lanose setae. Mandibles elongate relative to head (CI = 79-80), linear, apex curved downward distally; vertical dorsal lamella absent; laterodorsal longitudinal groove present; dorsomedial margin of mandible with single row of ~ 12 dentiform, peg-like chaetae; lateral mandibular face glabrous. Labial palp 1-merous. Anterior tentorial pits faint, situated anterad the toruli, not visible in full-face view. Postgenal ridge complete. Scape long (SL 0.34-0.39 mm), reaching slightly beyond occipital margin when antennae retracted. Flagellum submoniliform; apical flagellomere 3  × longer than broad. Pronotum broader than mesonotum in dorsal view, with lateral margins convex. Mesonotum narrow, with lateral margins parallel in dorsal view. Meso-metapleural suture narrow laterally, broader along dorsal surface; scrobiculate, with transverse ridges larger and more widely spaced along dorsal surface of meso-metapleural suture; posteriorly distinct from metapleural trench. Maximum breadth of metapectal-propodeal complex greater than that of mesonotum in dorsal view, slightly narrowed anteriorly, posterior outline convex in profile view. Bulla large, extending anterior to propodeal spiracle. Propodeum rounded in profile view. Tarsomeres longer than broad. Meso- and metatibial spur formula 0,1p. Petiole sessile. Abdominal segments II and III without tergotergal and sternosternal fusion. Abdominal segment II slightly longer than wide in dorsal view (PI 94-99), with distinct dorsal node, in profile view anterior and posterior faces subequal in height; anterior face of petiolar node linear in profile view. Subpetiolar process present, abdominal sternite II with concavity posterior to subpetiolar process so that margin of abdominal sternite II is sinuate in profile view; fenestra present, elliptical, anteroposteriorly compressed. Lengths of abdominal segments II-III subequal. Abdominal sternite II projecting no further than abdominal sternite III towards venter. Abdominal segment III slightly broader than long in dorsal view (PPI = 105-113), with distinct dorsal node; in profile view, anterior face of dorsal node abruptly vertical and bulging, posterior face gently sloping. Post-petiole with distinct tergosternal suture. Abdominal segments III-IV separated by pronounced constriction, with presclerites of abdominal segment IV distinct; pretergite IV planar in profile view, shorter than presternite IV; presternite IV slightly convex in profile view; cinctus of abdominal segment IV scrobiculate. Anterior margin of abdominal post-tergite IV shallowly emarginate in dorsal view. Outline of postpetiolar node trapezoidal in dorsal view, corners rounded, slightly narrowed anteriorly. Soma concolorous, color castaneous. Vestiture of suberect to erect setae present; length of setae variable. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>Named for Alfred Russel Wallace, commonly thought to be the progenitor of the discipline of biogeography and still well-regarded for his study of the biota of the Malay Archipelago, where this ant is native. The specific epithet is masculine, in genitive case.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The worker caste of  P. wallacei is extremely close to that of  P. lini but differs in overall smaller size and the shallowness of the postpetiolar node, with the posterior declivity of the postpetiolar node being gradual (Fig. 5B) rather than abrupt (Fig. 5A). PPI tends to be greater in  P. wallacei (x_ = 109) than in  P. lini (x_ = 100) but cannot be consistently used to discriminate the two. Interestingly, all known gynes of  P. wallacei are ergatoid (Billen et al. 2013; Ito et al. 2022), whereas those of  P. lini are alate (Hsu et al. 2017). </p>
            <p> Protanilla wallacei appeared as a nomen nudum in  Hölldobler and Wilson (1990), with the name purportedly being under description by Robert W. Taylor based upon material from Sabah. Such a description has not appeared. CASENT0842699 was identified as  P. wallacei by Barry Bolton with reference to  “type” material under description by Taylor, which, based on a paratype label assigned by Taylor, included CASENT0902782. Billen et al. (2013) described the glandular complement of specimens from peninsular Malaysia that was attributed to this nomen nudum by Taylor, while Ito et al. (2022) reported on the behavioral observations of specimens from that same series, referring to this species as  Protanilla sp.  Protanilla wallacei is here made an available name, described based upon worker specimens from Sabah. Judging from Billen et al. (2013: fig. 5E), the series referred to in that study and in Ito et al. (2022) conforms to the diagnosis of  P. wallacei here given. The unidentified  Protanilla that was the sole representative of the  Leptanillinae in the phylogenomic analyses of Branstetter et al. (2017) (CASENT0634862) is here identified as  P. wallacei .  Protanilla wallacei shows intraspecific variation in labral chaeta count, which is also observed in putatively conspecific allopatric specimens of  P. gengma (Aswaj et al. 2020; pers. obs.) and  P. beijingensis (this study). </p>
            <p> Protanilla wallacei and  P. lini are recovered as sister taxa in phylogenomic inference sampling from across the geographical range of the latter species (pers. obs.).  Protanilla lini ranges across Taiwan and the Ryukyu Islands, while the  P. wallacei specimens examined in this study originate in the Sundan region. This allows for the possibility that these putative species are populations from extreme ends of a contiguous swath of metapopulations extending throughout southeast Asia. Further sampling in mainland southeast Asia may reciprocally efface the morphometric distinction between these species, and with the other members of the  Protanilla lini species complex. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/13D818D1E9B555E6AB3C39D6C80169DC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Griebenow, Zachary	Griebenow, Zachary (2024): Systematic revision of the ant subfamily Leptanillinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). ZooKeys 1189: 83-184, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.107506, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.107506
