taxonID	type	description	language	source
627587EEFFFB2A0FDEE6FCE88962B524.taxon	description	(Figs 2 – 5, 6 – 9)	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFFB2A0FDEE6FCE88962B524.taxon	distribution	Distribution, material examined. Abundantly known from many localities centered on the Atherton Tableland of NE Qld, north to near Mossman and south almost to the latitude of Townsville (Grid cells - 16 / 145, - 17 / 145 and - 18 / 146), as follows: EA 4 (Mt Carbine Tableland): Mossman Bluff Track; Mossman Gorge; Mt Demi; Mt Lewis; 2.5 km N of Mt Lewis; 2 km SE of Mt Spurgeon; The Bluff (11 km W Mossman); Pauls Luck; Platypus Creek. EA 6 (Black Mountain): Black Mountain (17 km ESE Julatten); Black Mountain Rd (via Kuranda); Clacherty Rd (via Julatten); Kuranda; Lyons Lookout (near Mossman). EA 7 (Lamb Range): Davies Creek Rd; Emerald Creek; Lamb Range. EA 8 (Walsh / Hugh Nelson Range): Bartle Fire Track (17 km W Millaa Millaa); Herberton Range; Hugh Nelson Range (2.5 km S of Crater NP); Mt Fisher; 21 km S of Atherton. EA 9 (Atherton Tableland): 3.2 km E of Lake Barrine; Lake Barrine NP; Lake Eacham NP; Malanda Falls; 12 km SE of Millaa; 7 km SW of Millaa; Danbulla Forest; Gadgarra. EA 10 (Bellenden Ker): Bellenden Ker Range (E slope, sited near various specified cable-car towers); Boonjie (13 km ESE Malanda); Topaz area. EA 11 (Malbon Thompson Range): Mt Gorton (near Yarrabah); Bell Peak North (near Gordonvale). EA 12 (Walter Hill Range): 25 km SE of Millaa; Boulder Creek (via Tully); Downie Creek; Koombooloomba; Tully River Crossing; Tully Falls NP; Crawfords Lookout; W of McNamee Creek. Laceys Creek; McNamee Creek (15 km SW of Innisfail); Mt Father Clancy (9 km S of Milla Milla); Palmerston NP. EA 13 (Kirrama / Cardwell Range): MacAlister Range (W slope). EA 16 (Paluma / Bluewater Ranges): Mt Spec. All samples with ecological data are labelled “ Rainforest ” or “ RF ”. Relevant collectors include: E. H. Bourne, W. L. Brown, A. N. Burns, H. Janetzki, DWC, JDF, BBL, GBM, RWT, GIT, DKY. Heteroponera relicta has been identified here from QMBA berlesates numbered: 238, 249, 298, 300, 312, 365, 408, 413, 466, 549, 598, 609, 611, 612 and 618. Elevational distribution. Specified elevations range from 60 m (Mossman Gorge) to 1000 – 1200 m (Mt Spurgeon, Lamb Range and Herberton Range).	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFFB2A0FDEE6FCE88962B524.taxon	description	Worker diagnosis. General features, conformation, color and major sculpturation as in Figs 2 – 5 and relevant key couplets above. Body color frequently more nearly black than illustrated. Described in adequate detail by Wheeler (1915). Readily identified by key characters cited above and the accompanying illustrations. Humeral angles and pronotal epaulets well-developed. Scrobes generally smooth and shining, usually with very light rippling of the surfaces of the medial scrobal areas. Propodeal declivity smooth and shining, sometimes with slight traces of irregular longitudinal sculpturing. Lateral margins of declivity simple, essentially the unelaborated edges of the lateral and dorsal propodeal sculpturation. A small smooth, shining area medially on the posterior surface of the node. Dimensions: (smallest available specimen (Black Mountain Rd, Kuranda), largest available specimen (Downey Creek )): TL (ca): 5.1, 6.0; HW: 1.19, 1.47; HL: 1.14, 1.34; CI: 104, 109; EL: 0. 19, 0.24; SL: 0.70, 0.82; SI: 58, 56; PW: 0.83, 1.07; WL: 1.42, 1.72; petH: –, 0.96; petW: 0.43, 0.62; GW 0.98, 1.21. Gyne: General features and major sculpturation as in Figs 6 – 9. Head size, proportions, structure and sculpturation close to the worker range. One specimen (illustrated here) has an apparently unreduced median ocellus (as did Wheeler’s (1915) Kuranda gyne). Mesosoma remarkably worker-like (considering that structural reduction from alate ancestry must have occurred separately from that in the evolution of the worker caste), with vestigial traces of ancestral alate-related structure as illustrated; sculpturation less strongly expressed than in worker; PW and WL generally within the worker range, WL ranging slightly higher. Dimensions: Four specimens from colonies collected at Mossman Gorge, Malanda Falls, Lake Eacham, and Palmerston National Park have the following dimensions: TL (ca): 5.7, 6.6, 6.5, 6.5; HW: 1.28, 1.38, 1.38, 1.40; HL: 1.23, 1.31, 1.33, 1.30; CI: 104, 105, 103, 107; EL: 0.23, 0.25, 0.25, 0.26; SL: 0.72, 0.76, 0.75, 0.74; SI: 56, 55, 54, 53; PW: 0.97, 0.97, 1.02, 1.06; WL: 1.59, 1.75, 1.73, 1.79; petH: -, 1.15, 1.00, 1.11; petW: 0.70, 0.81, 0.75, 0.72; GW (across gastral segment III): 1.58, 1.68, 1.69, 1.66. Two specimens from Platypus Creek have HW 1.36 mm. Related taxa. H. rhodopygea and H. relicta are closely similar and apparently phylogenetically cognate. They are not known to occur sympatrically, though both are recorded from (well separated) localities in EA 4 (Carbine Tableland) and otherwise have extensive, well-defined allopatric distributional ranges. Heteroponera relicta workers are larger on average. HW of 40 randomly selected. rhodopygea workers ranged from 1.18 to 1.39 mm (mean 1.32 mm, distribution roughly bimodal with modes at 1.28 mm and 1.34 mm. The main range was 1.26 mm to 1.39 mm, with a divergent small individual at I. 18 mm (see full measurements below). HW of 40 randomly selected H. relicta workers ranged from 1.19 mm to 1.47 mm (mean 1.36 mm) with frequency distribution essentially flat. The main range was 1.32 – 1.47 mm, with 4 small (? nanitic) individuals in the range 1.20 – 1.28 mm. Thus 42 % of measured H. relicta workers were larger than any measured rhodopygea worker. These comparisons could be affected by generational differences in stature among workers in growing colonies, and by geographical variation in maximum worker size. Heteroponera darlingtonorum and H. wilsoni are both similar to H. relicta, but with distinctive sculptural differences, and somewhat simplified morphological structural detail, especially in H. wilsoni. In both species the propodeum is dorsally slightly inflated and less strongly sloping posterodorsally in profile view than in H. relicta. In-group sympatric associations. Sympatric variously with H. pendergrasti and H. wilsoni (see those species entries for details), with H. ecarinata at Crawfords Lookout, and with H. darlingtonorum in the Paluma area.	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFFB2A0FDEE6FCE88962B524.taxon	discussion	Remarks. H. relicta was included in Feitosa’s (2011) phylogenetic analysis as a sister species to H. rhodopygea (his “ Heteroponera sp A ”).	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFF62A09DEE6FA7A88C0B661.taxon	description	(Figs 10 – 13)	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFF62A09DEE6FA7A88C0B661.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. AUSTRALIA: QUEENSLAND: Thornton Range (16 ° 14 ' S, 145 ° 26 ' E). Holotype and 20 worker paratypes from 4 separately collected colony series. No other workers examined here have been designated as Paratypes. Type deposition. Holotype worker ANIC. Paratypes in ANIC (including gyne) and QMBA.	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFF62A09DEE6FA7A88C0B661.taxon	distribution	Distribution, material examined. Apparently common at all elevations in the following Endemism Areas: EA 1 (Mt Finnigan): Mt Finnigan, - 15 48, 145 17 3 workers, pyrethrum knockdown, 850 – 1100 m (GBM, DKY & DWC, 19 – 22. iv. 1982) pyrethrum knockdown, 1100 m (L. Roberts, 20. xii. 1982) — summit, 1100 m, QMBA berlesate 54 (GBM & DWC, 10. xi. 1985) — summit, 1100 m (GBM, DWC & Roberts, 28 – 30. xi. 1985). Mt Misery, summit, 2 workers, pyrethrum knockdown, 850 m (GBM, Sheridan & Roberts, 6. xii. 1990. EA 2 (Thornton Peak): Roaring Meg Creek (- 16 0 4, 145 24), 6 km W of Cape Tribulation, 710 m () GBM, DKY & GIT, 5. x. 1982). Roaring Meg Valley (- 16 0 4, 145 25) 720 m (GBM & H. Janetzki, 22 xi 1993. Noah Creek (- 16 0 8, 145 26), 75 m, ANIC Berlesate 946 (AAC & TAW, 27 iii 1984). Cape Tribulation (all accessions by GBM, DKY & GIT, unless otherwise noted) - (3 km W; Site 6), - 16 0 4, 145 27, 5 workers, pyrethrum knockdown or QMBA berlesate 422, 500 m (19. ix. 1982) — (4.5 – 5 km W; Top camp), - 16 0 5, 145 26, 760 – 780 m (28. ix., 1 – 6. x. 1982) — (5 km W; Site 10), - 16 0 5, 145 26, 3 workers, pyrethrum knockdown, 780 m; stick brushings, QMBA berlesate 700, 780 m (28. ix. 1982) — (4 km W; Site 8), - 16 0 5, 145 26, pyrethrum knockdown, 720 m (28. ix. 1982); 4 workers, QMBA Berlesates 423, 424, 437 (date range 29 – 30. ix. 1982 — (3.5 km W; Site 7), - 16 0 5, 145 27, 2 workers, pyrethrum knockdown, 680 m (2. x. 1982) — (2 km WNW; Site 2), - 16 0 5, 145 28, 2 workers, stick brushing, QMBA Berlesate 483, 50 m (2. x. 1982); 3 workers, 50 m (3. x. 1982); baited pitfall trap, 50 m (GBM, 19. i. 1983) — (Site 4), - 16 0 5, 145 28, QMBA Berlesate 454, 200 m (7. x. 1982); 2 workers, QMBA Berlesate 528, 200 m (GBM & DKY, 21. iv. 83) — (Site 5), 4 workers, pyrethrum knockdown, 80 m (2 – 7. x. 1982). Gold Creek, McDowall Range (- 16 0 5, 145 17) 650 m (RWT & TAW, 1. xi. 1976. McDowall Range (- 16 0 6, 145 20), pyrethrum knockdown, 520 m, (GBM & DWC, 27. xi. 1985). Oliver Creek, - 16 0 6, 145 28, stick brushing, 10 m (GBM, 5. i. 83). Mt Hemmant, - 16 0 7, 145 23, 7 workers, QMBA Berlesates 543, 544, 545, 880 m (GBM & DWC, 25. iv. 1983). Mt Sorrow, - 16 0 8, 145 26, 5 workers, QMBA Berlesate 261, 800 m (GBM, 19. x. 1980). Table Mountain (- 16 0 9, 145 26), 320 m (GBM & DWC, 24. iv. 1983). Cooper Creek, - 16 11, 145 26, 2 workers, near sea level (RWT & JDF, 22. vi. 1971). Thornton Range (- 16 14, 145 26) (type locality) 20 workers from 4 separately collected colony series, 150 – 180 m (RWT & JDF, 23. vi. 1971) — ANIC vials 12 / 27, 32, 35, 36 — worker, ANIC berlesate 327 (RWT & JDF, 23. vi. 1971). Thornton Peak, - 16 15, 145 26, 2 workers, QMBA Berlesate 301, 1000 – 1100 m (GBM & DWC, 20 – 22. ix. 1981); 1000 – 1300 m (GBM & DWC, 20 – 22. ix. 1981). EA 3 (Windsor Tableland): Windsor Tableland (- 16 145) — site 1, 6 workers, pyrethrum knockdown, 1140 m (27. xii. 1989) — site 2, 3 workers, pyrethrum knockdown, 1160 m (10. i. 1989) — site 9, 6 workers, pyrethrum knockdown, 1186 m (8. i. 1989) — ref 901088, 6 workers, pyrethrum knockdown, 1186 m (12. i. 1989) (all E. Schmidt & ANZSES). Windsor Tableland (- 16 145) — 3 workers, 1050 m, QMBA berlesate 393 — 2 workers, 900 m — pitfall trap, 900 m (all GBM, DKY & DWC, labeled either 16 or 15 – 18. iv. 1982). EA 4 (Carbine Tableland): Devils Thumb area, — 16 34, 145 17 (10 km NW of Mossman) — pyrethrum knockdown, rainforest, 1000 – 1180 m (GBM, DKY & GIT, 10. x. 1982), 1 worker. All samples with ecological data are labelled “ rainforest ” or “ RF. Unless noted each comprises a single worker collected by Berlese funnel from leafmould or litter (usually sieved). Elevational distribution. Apparently represented throughout the rainforested elevational range in EA 1 (850 to 1100 m), EA 2 (“ near sea level ” to 1,300 m on Thornton Peak) and EA 3 (900 – 1186 m on Windsor Tableland).	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFF62A09DEE6FA7A88C0B661.taxon	description	Worker diagnosis. General features, conformation, coloration and major sculpturation as illustrated. Closely similar to the allopatric H. relicta, as characterized above, but with the head, mesosoma and node medium-brown and the gaster more brightly orange brown, matching the antennae and legs. Sculpturing of scrobes, propodeal declivity and node posteriorly, and of borders of propodeal declivity as described for H. relicta. Dimensions: (holotype (Thornton Range); smallest paratype (Thornton Range), largest paratype (Mt Finnigan summit )): (ca): 5.4, 5.0, 6.0; HW: 1.27, 1.18, 1.39; HL: 1.22, 1.11, 1.30; CI: 104, 106, 106; EL: 0.25, 0.20, 0.26; SL: 0.76, 0.67, 0.77; SI: 59, 57, 55; PW: 0.91, 0.82, 0.96; WL: 1.55, 1.42, 1.66; petW: 0.52, 0.51, 0.60; GW 1.02, 0.92, 1.13. Related taxa. See above under H. relicta. In-group sympatric associations. Sympatric variously with H. trachypyx, H. viviennae and H. wilsoni (see those species entries for details). Note the possibly biologically significant similarities in coloration between these three species (refer Figs).	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFF62A09DEE6FA7A88C0B661.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Despite their similarities and allopatric distribution H. relicta and H. rhodopygea are highly consistent morphospecies with well represented, clearly defined distributional ranges. They are considered here to represent separate biological species. Heteroponera rhodopygea was included in Feitosa’s (2011) phylogenetic analysis as “ Heteroponera sp A ”, sister to H. relicta.	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFF62A09DEE6FA7A88C0B661.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name (a noun in apposition) refers to the reddish gaster.	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFF02A0BDEE6F9368845B394.taxon	description	(Figs 14 – 17)	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFF02A0BDEE6F9368845B394.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. AUSTRALIA: QUEENSLAND: 5 km W of Paluma (19 ° 00 ' S, 146 ° 12 ' E) Type deposition. Holotype, ANIC. Paratype, QMBA.	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFF02A0BDEE6F9368845B394.taxon	distribution	Distribution, material examined. EA 14 (Seaview Range) Paratype: Broadwater Park (- 18 22, 145 57) worker, sieved litter, Rainforest, 300 m (S. Hamlet, 3. i. 1987). EA 15 (Hinchinbrook Island): Hinchinbrook Island, Gayndah Creek, - 18 22, 146.13, 2 workers (ANIC VIAL No 40.155), QMBA berlesates 664 & 668, 10 m (Davies, Thompson & Gallon, 10, 11. xi. 1984). EA 16 (Paluma / Bluewater Range): Holotype: ca 5 km W of Paluma (- 19 0 0, 146 12), worker, 950 m (RWT & JDF, 12. viii. 1971). Paratype: 12 km W of Paluma (- 19 0 0, 146 12), worker in soil beside log, tall savanna woodland, edge of rainforest, 3000 ft (ca 900 m) (BBL, 3. xi. 1980). Paratype: Bluewater Range (- 19 10, 146 33), worker, sieved litter. Rainforest, 600 m (GBM & GIT, 7. xii. 1986)	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFF02A0BDEE6F9368845B394.taxon	description	Worker diagnosis. General features, conformation, coloration and major sculpturation as illustrated and in the key above. Similar to H. relicta but with distinctively different sculpturation (compare Figs, notably the sculpture of the gastral dorsa). First and second gastral tergites moderately shining, but densely, finely point-punctate, with overlain, scattered, small, very weakly expressed foveate punctae on the first tergite. Bodily proportions and general structure, sculpturing of scrobes, propodeal declivity and node posteriorly as in H. relicta; Humeral epaulets similarly developed; propodeal dorsum in profile less strongly sloped posterodorsally; the declivity less strongly laterally margined and more narrowly triangular (apex dorsal). Dimensions: (holotype, Paluma paratype, Bluewater Range paratype): TL (ca): 4.5, 4.2, 4.3; HW: 1.14, 1.07, 1.09; HL: 1.09, 1.02, 1.04; CI: 108, 106, 104; EL: 0.21, 0.20, 0.18; SL: 0.68, 0.63, 0.67; SI: 59, 58, 61; PW: 0.85, 0.77, 0.84; WL: 1.36, 1.28, 1.27; petH: 0.75, 0.69, 0.73; petW: 0.45, 0.44, 0.44; GW 0.92, 0.89, 0.89. Related taxa. see above under H. relicta. In-group sympatric associations. No direct collection-site records, but an EA 16 record listed above under H. relicta evidences sympatry with H. relicta in the Paluma area.	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFF02A0BDEE6F9368845B394.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named for Philip J. Darlington Jr, his wife Elizabeth Koch Darlington and their son Philip Jr. In 1956 – 57 they pioneered modern concentrated large-scale insect taxonomic survey in Australia by spending eighteen months living in a field-truck collecting carabid beetles and other insects, including ants, for the Harvard University Museum of Comparative Zoology (Darlington, 1960).	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFF22A15DEE6FC2A8940B154.taxon	description	(Figs 18 – 21).	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFF22A15DEE6FC2A8940B154.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. AUSTRALIA: QUEENSLAND: Devils Thumb area, - 16 34, 145 17 (10 km NW of Mossman) Type deposition. Holotype ANIC, Paratypes in ANIC, QMBA.	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFF22A15DEE6FC2A8940B154.taxon	distribution	Distribution, material examined. Known only from the following NE Qld localities, all in map grid cell 16 / 145. Each accession a single worker collected in rainforest. Unless noted all were taken by Berlese funnel from sieved rainforest leafmould, litter or moss from trees or rocks. Queensland: EA 2 (Thornton Peak): Mt Hemmant, - 16 0 7, 1455 25, QMBA berlesate 865, 1050 m (GBM & H. Janetzki, 22 xi 1993). Thornton Peak, - 16 10, 145 22, QMBA berlesate 619, 1100 – 1300 m (GBM, DKY & GIT, 1. xi. 1983). EA 3 (Windsor Tableland): Mt Windsor Tableland, - 16 18, 145 0 5, 850 m (RWT, 20. iii. 1975). EA 4 (Carbine Tableland): Devils Thumb area, - 16 34, 145 17 (10 km NW of Mossman) — QMBA berlesate 455 (GBM, DKY & GIT, 9 – 10. x. 1982) — stick brushings, QMBA berlesate 459, 1180 m (GBM, DKY & GIT, 10. x. 1982) — pyrethrum knockdown, rainforest, 1000 – 1180 m (GBM, DKY & GIT, 10. x. 1982). Mossman Bluff Track — 10 km W of Mossman (- 16 28, 145 23) pyrethrum knockdown, trees and logs, 1200 m (GBM & GIT, 17. xii. 1985) — Site 10, flight intercept trap, 1300 m (GBM, GIT & ANZSES, 1 – 17. i. 1989).	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFF22A15DEE6FC2A8940B154.taxon	description	Worker diagnosis. General features, conformation, coloration and major sculpturation as illustrated, and in the key to species above. Habitus similar to H. darlingtonorum (refer Figs) and H. relicta. Major sculpturation considerably different, as illustrated. Compared to H. relicta: antennal foveae superficially but more strongly sculptured, finely longitudinally striate; propodeal declivity shining, with some minute scaly microsculpture; posterior face of petiole smooth, shining. Vertexal border similarly concave in frontal view; posteroventrolateral extensions of occiput and opposing humeral epaulets less pronounced; ventrolateral sub-dentate extensions of pronotum above fore-coxae less well-developed and less-acutely pointed; humeral shoulders in dorsal view less pronounced; propodeal dorsum in profile less inclined posterodorsally; petiole in side view relatively narrow, the subpetiolar process somewhat reduced. Dimensions: (holotype; smallest available specimen, largest available specimen (both Mossman Bluff )): TL (ca): 5.28, 5.14, 5.42; HW: 1.27, 1.24, 1.31; HL: 1.21, 1.19, 1.26; CI: 104, 104, 104; EL: 0.25, 0.23, 0.25; SL: 0.72, 0.73, 0.75; SI: 59, 61, 57; PW: 0.86, 0.81, 0.88; WL: 1.55, 1.51, 1.59; petH: 0.83, 0.768, 0.87; petW: 0.54, 0.51, 0.55; GW 1.05, 1.04, 1.08. Related taxa. See above under H. relicta. In-group sympatric associations. Sympatric with H. rhodopygea at all sites of record except Mossman Bluff, where H. wilsoni is directly sympatric with H. relicta. Biogeography. Known only from the farthest northern Endemicity Areas, EA 2, 3 and 4. Etymology. Named for the preeminent myrmecologist Edward O. Wilson of the Museum of Comparative Zoology Laboratories, Harvard University.	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFEC2A15DEE6FE6A8877B63F.taxon	description	(Figs 22 – 25).	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFEC2A15DEE6FE6A8877B63F.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. AUSTRALIA: QUEENSLAND: 1.5 km E by N of Mt Sorrow - 16 0 5, 145 27, Type deposition. Holotype ANIC. Paratypes in ANIC, QMBA.	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFEC2A15DEE6FE6A8877B63F.taxon	distribution	Distribution, material examined. Known only from the following northeastern Queensland samples, all from the Cape Tribulation area (map grid cell - 16 / 145). Unless noted each comprises a single worker collected by Berlese funnel from rainforest leafmould or litter (usually sieved). EA 2 (Thornton Peak): Roaring Meg Creek, - 16 0 4, 145 24, QMBA berlesate 448, 740 m (GBM, DKY & GIT, 5. x. 1982). Cape Tribulation — (3 km W; Site 6), - 16 0 4, 145 27, QMBA berlesate 439, 500 m (GBM, DKY & GIT, 2. x. 1982) — (4.5 – 5 km W; Top camp), - 16 0 5, 145 26, QMBA berlesate 489, 760 – 780 m (GBM, DKY & GIT, 1. x. 1982) — (4.5 km W; Site 9), - 16 0 5, 145 26, QMBA berlesate 498, 760 m (GBM, DKY & GIT, 29. xii. 1982) — (3.5 km W; Site 7), - 16 0 5, 145 27, QMBA berlesate 529, 680 m (GBM & DKY, 23. iv. 1983) — (2 km WNW; Site 2), - 16 0 5, 145 28, QMBA berlesate 430, 50 m (GBM, DKY & GIT, 28. ix. 1982). 1.5 km E by N of Mt Sorrow - 16 0 5, 145 27, ANIC berlesate 945, rainforest, stony slope (A. Calder & T. A. Weir, 25 iii 1984). Cape Tribulation area, - 16 0 5, 145 28, ANIC vials 40.132, 42 19 workers, several berlesates (AAC & TAW, 21 – 28. iii. 1984). Cape Tribulation (near), - 16 0 6, 145 27, 5 workers, <50 m (RWT & JDF, 21.6.1971). McDowall Range, - 16 0 6, 145 20, 2 workers, QMBA berlesate 684, 520 m (GBM, 27. xi. 1985). Noah Creek, Cape Tribulation, QMBA berlesate 259, 5 m (GBM, - 16. x. 1980).	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFEC2A15DEE6FE6A8877B63F.taxon	description	Worker diagnosis. General features, conformation, coloration and major sculpturation as illustrated, and in the key to species above. Antennal scrobes smooth and shining with slight minute surface rippling. Propodeal declivity smooth and shining, the area reduced in size compared to other species, its borders barely raised; posterior face of petiolar node smooth and shining, merging above with the similarly unsculptured dorsum. Head relatively large and broad; eyes more protrusive in frontal view than in other species. Mesosoma relatively short and dorsally inflated — its profile with an almost semicircular dorsal arc in lateral view. Humeral epaulets well developed. Petiole relatively short and broad in lateral view, approximately as long as high, rounded above in profile. Dimensions: (holotype; smallest available specimen, largest available specimen): TL (ca): 4.4, 4.4, 4.8; HW: 1.11, 1.07, 1.19; HL: 1.01, 0.99, 1.11; CI: 104, 108, 107; EL: 0.21, 0.20, 0.23; SL: 0.64, 0.62, 0.66; SI: 57, 58, 55; PW: 0.79, 0.74, 0.82; WL: 1.25, 1.25, 1.33; petH: 0.72, 0.65, -., petW: 0.45, 0.45, 0.49; GW 0.80, 0.77, 0.88. Related taxa. No clear apparent close affinities at species-group level, In-group sympatric associations. Sympatric with the similarly bicolored H. rhodopygea at Roaring Meg Creek, and with H. rhodopygea and H. wilsoni in the Cape Tribulation area and at Mc Dowall Creek. Biogeography. Known only from EA 2 (Thornton Peak).	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFEC2A15DEE6FE6A8877B63F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named for my late friend Vivienne Awford.	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFEC2A11DEE6F98A8ABBB4D0.taxon	description	(Figs 26 – 29, 30 – 33)	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFEC2A11DEE6F98A8ABBB4D0.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. AUSTRALIA: QUEENSLAND: Brandy Creek Rd, Conway State Forest (20 ° 20 ' S, 148 ° 42 ' E) Type deposition. Holotype ANIC. Paratypes in ANIC, QMBA.	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFEC2A11DEE6F98A8ABBB4D0.taxon	distribution	Distribution, material examined. Known only from 3 rainforested sites in central coastal Queensland. Unless noted all samples comprise single workers collected from Berlese funnel samples of leafmould or sieved litter, or stick brushings. EA 18 Conway Range: Mt Dryander, - 20 0 0, 148 33 — 4 workers, stick brushings, QMBA berlesate 59, 500 – 650 m (GBM, 24. iv. 1979) — 700 – 800 m, 21. xi. 1992, 12 workers, gyne, probable colony series (GBM, Thompson, Cook & Janetski); — summit, QMBA berlesate 61, 740 m (GBM, 24. iv. 1979). Cannonvale, - 20 0 8, 148 43 — 3 workers, stick brushings, QMBA berlesate 64, 10 m (GBM, 25. iv. 1979) — 2 workers, same data, sieved litter, QMBA berlesate 65. Conway SF, Brandy Creek Rd, - 20 148 42 — Holotype, 2 additional workers, stick brushings, QMBA berlesate 56, 60 m (GBM, 23. iv. 1979) — 3 workers, QMBA berlesates 57 & 63, 60 m (GBM, 23 – 25. iv. 1979).	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFEC2A11DEE6F98A8ABBB4D0.taxon	description	Worker diagnosis. General features, conformation, color and major sculpturation as in appropriate key couplets above and accompanying illustrations. Gastral II spurs present as defined above, and arrowed in Figs 26 & 28. Pronotal humeri narrowly rounded in dorsal view; humeral epaulets relatively poorly developed. Basically similar to the putatively related H. lioprocta (compare Figs). Node more rounded above, without median posterodorsal extension; propodeal declivity barely margined sculpturally, lacking propodeal spine-like extensions. Sculpturation of frons, mesosoma and petiole more heavily developed. Antennal scrobes finely longitudinally striate, the striae curving to follow the profile of the scrobe. Propodeal declivity smooth and shining, with distinct or vestigial fine radial striation in most specimens. Sculpture of first gastral tergite resembling H. lioprocta, similarly point-punctate, but with a few small scattered, weakly incised, shallow larger punctural elements. The point-punctae more dense along the posterior margin of the sclerite. Dimensions: (holotype (which is the smallest specimen examined), largest paratype (Mt Dryander summit )): TL (ca): 3.94, 4.67; HW: 0.93, 1.08; HL: 0.89, 1.06; CI: 104, 101; EL: 0.16, 0.17; SL: 0.53, 0.65; SI: 57, 60; PW: 0.66, 0.78; WL: 1.12, 1.36; petH: 0.65, 0.68; petW: 0.45, 0.53; GW 0.90, 0.98. Gyne: A single individual from a nest with workers. General features, conformation, color and major sculpturation as in Figs 30 – 33. Relatively pale in color (possibly callow) and hirsute compared to workers. A single minute median ocellus present. Gaster less enlarged than in H. relicta gynes. Gastral II spurs barely represented by minute appropriately situated swellings. Dimensions: TL (ca): 5.04; HW: 1.04; HL: 1.03; CI: 101; EL: 0.18; SL: 0.62; SI: 59; PW: 0.77; WL: 1.41; petH: -; petW: 0.57; GW 1.26. Related taxa. Affinity with H. lioprocta is supported by the uniquely shared presence of Gastral II Spurs (see relevant key couplets, and above under “ Morphology and phylogeny ”), an apparent synapomorphy otherwise unknown in Heteroponera (pers obs., and Feitosa, pers comm.). In-group sympatric associations. None known. Biogeography. Possibly endemic to the Conway Range (EA 18) rainforests.	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFEC2A11DEE6F98A8ABBB4D0.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Some specimens, which are presumed to be sub-callow, have the gaster orange-brown.	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFEC2A11DEE6F98A8ABBB4D0.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named to commend the accomplished entomologist and insect collector nonpareil Geoff Monteith of Queensland Museum, Brisbane. Alone or accompanied he acquired over 50 of the total Heteroponera records reported in this paper.	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFE82A12DEE6FAE68F6BB32C.taxon	description	(Figs 34 – 37, 38 – 41).	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFE82A12DEE6FAE68F6BB32C.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. AUSTRALIA: QUEENSLAND: Mt Elliot summit (19 ° 30 ' S, 146 ° 58 ' E). Type deposition. Holotype ANIC. Paratypes in ANIC, QMBA.	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFE82A12DEE6FAE68F6BB32C.taxon	distribution	Distribution, material examined. Known only from rainforest at elevations above 1, 0 0 0 m on Mt Elliot, a 1,234 m peak about 25 km SE of Townsville, as follows. EA 17 (Mt Elliot): Mt Elliot, near summit, - 19 30, 146 58, holotype, paratype gyne and workers, nest under stone, 1200 m (RWT, 4 – 5. vii. 1977). Summit, - 19 30, 146 57, workers, pitfall and intercept traps, 1, 150 m (DWC, 26 Mar – 12 May 1991); workers, pitfall and intercept traps, rainforest (AG, Jan – Mar, 1991); workers, pitfall and intercept traps, fern glade (AG, Jan – Mar 1991). Northeast slope, - 19 29, 146 58, 7 workers, QMBA berlesates 723, 724, rainforest litter, 1, 0 0 0 m (GBM & GIT, 5 Dec 1986). North Creek, - 19 30, 146 57, workers, pitfall & dung traps, 1, 0 0 0 m (GBM & GIT, 25 – 27 Mar 1991. Unless otherwise noted all samples are labeled “ rainforest ”. All specimens except the holotype have been labeled as paratypes.	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFE82A12DEE6FAE68F6BB32C.taxon	description	Worker diagnosis. General features, conformation, color and major sculpturation as in appropriate key couplets above and accompanying illustrations. Gastral II spurs present as defined above and marked in Figs 34 & 36. Pronotal humeri narrowly rounded in dorsal view; humeral epaulets relatively poorly developed. Generally similar to the putatively related H. monteithi (compare Figs). Node more-or-less rounded above; its summit extended posterodorsally to form an obtuse peak. Antennal scrobes as described for H. monteithi, with a few additional fine punctae in the lateral scrobal areas. Propodeal declivity weakly but distinctly sculpturally margined laterally, the margin extended posterodorsally on each side to form a small propodeal-spine-like extension. Sculpturation of frons, mesosoma and petiole very distinctly less-heavily developed than in H. monteithi. Propodeal declivity smooth and shining, lacking other sculptural elements. Sculpture of first gastral tergite resembling H. monteithi, similarly point-punctate, but without supplementary larger punctural elements. The punctae more dense along the posterior margin of the sclerite, as in H. monteithi. Dimensions (holotype; smallest paratype, largest paratype): TL (ca): 4.8, 0.42 +, 4.8; HW: 1.06, 0.92, 1.10; HL: 1.08, 0.97, 1.09; CI: 98, 95, 99; EL: 0.21, 0.18, 0.24; SL: 0.66, 0.60, 0.66; SI: 62, 62, 60; PW: 0.79, 0.62, 0.78; WL: 1.23, 1.15, 1.38; petH: 0.77, 0.52, 0.75; petW: 0.46, 0.37, 0.46; GW: 0.99, 0.85, 0.96. Gyne: A single individual from a nest with workers. General features, conformation, color and major sculpturation as in Figs 38 – 41. Gaster less enlarged than in H. relicta gynes. Three very small ocelli present. Gastral II spurs represented by appropriately placed small carinae (Fig. 40). The specimen could be callow, explaining its relatively very light coloration. Dimensions: TL (ca): 4.5; HW: 0.91; HL: 0.97; CI: 94; EL: 0.18; SL: 0.58; SI: 64; PW: 0.68; WL: 1.25; petH: 0.72; petW: 0.47; GW 1.07. Related taxa. See above under H. monteithi In-group sympatric associations. None known. Biogeography. Apparently endemic to Mt Elliot, occupying a remarkably small distributional range.	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFE82A12DEE6FAE68F6BB32C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Heteroponera lioprocta is very common in the Mt Elliot summit rainforest, where there are notably few other ant species represented.	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFE82A12DEE6FAE68F6BB32C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name (a noun in apposition) refers to the smooth gastral dorsum.	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFEB2A12DEE6FC7F8E63B7E2.taxon	description	(Figs 42 – 45).	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFEB2A12DEE6FC7F8E63B7E2.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. AUSTRALIA: QUEENSLAND: McDowall Range (16 ° 06 ' S, 145 ° 20 ' E). Type deposition. Holotype ANIC. Paratypes ANIC, QMBA.	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFEB2A12DEE6FC7F8E63B7E2.taxon	distribution	Distribution, material examined. Known only from the following accessions (grid cells - 15 / 145, - 16 / 145 and - 17 / 145). Unless otherwise indicated each a single worker. All samples collected (unless noted) by Berlese funnel sampling of rainforest leafmould or litter (usually “ sieved ”). EA 1 (Mt Finnigan): Shiptons Flat, - 15 48, 145 14, 2 workers (Davies & Raven, 16 – 21. xi. 1975). Mt Finnigan SF, - 15 48, 145 17, moist litter pocket, 400 m (S. & J. Peck, 3. vii. 1982). EA 2 (Thornton Peak): 12 Mile Scrub, Gap Creek, - 15 50, 145 20 (Davies & Raven, 22 – 28. xi. 1975). 3.5 km W of Cape Tribulation, Site 7, - 16 0 5, 145 27, QMBA berlesate 440, 680 m (GBM, DKY & GIT, 2. x. 1982). McDowall Range, - 16 0 6, 145 20, QMBA berlesate 684, 520 m (GBM, 27. xi. 1985) (Type Locality). Mt Sorrow, summit, - 16 0 8, 145 26, 2 workers, QMBA berlesates 256, 262, 800 m (GBM, 15. x. 1980). Table Mountain, - 16 0 9, 145 26, 4 workers, QMBA berlesates 540, 542, 320 m (GBM & DWC, 24. iv. 1983). Thornton Range, - 16 14, 145 26, 100 m (RWT & JDF, 24. vi. 1971) — 2 workers, 150 – 180 m (RWT & JDF, 23. vi. 1971). Rex Ck, site 3, - 16.28 4, 145 19 4, rainforest berlesate (C Burwell, 14 ii 2005).	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFEB2A12DEE6FC7F8E63B7E2.taxon	description	Worker diagnosis. General characteristics, conformation, coloration and major sculpturation as illustrated. Diagnostic features as in relevant key couplets above. Heteroponera trachypyx is less darkly colored and sculptured than the other H. ecarinata- group species. Head and mesosoma more-or-less uniformly medium-dark brown, the gaster, mandibles, antennae and legs a shade lighter. Coloration overall similar to the sympatric species H. rhodopygea and H. viviennae. Propodeal declivity shining, microsculpture distinct to vestigial, with very fine radial microstriae. Dimensions: (holotype; smallest available specimen (12 – mile Scrub), largest available specimen (Mt Sorrow summit )): TL (ca): 5.1, 4.4, 5.1; HW: 1.18, 1.11, 1.19; HL: 1.14, 1.06, 114; CI: 103, 104, 104; EL: 0.17, 0.16, 0.18; SL: 0.68, 0.61, 0.71; SI: 57, 57, 59; PW: 0.95, 0.84, 0.87; WL: 1.40, 1.40, 1.48; petH: 0.76, -, -; petW: 0.48, 0.52, 0.50; GW 1.04, 1.03, 1.04. Related taxa. H. ecarinata and H. pendergrasti at species-complex level. In-group sympatric associations. Sympatric with H. rhodopygea at Mt Finnigan, Mt Sorrow and Thornton Range, and H. rhodopygea + H. viviennae in the Cape tribulation area and Mc Dowall Range. Biogeography. Known only from the northern EAs 1 & 2, distantly allopatric from the other known ecarinata - group species.	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFEB2A12DEE6FC7F8E63B7E2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Variation in coloration suggests a prolonged callow to sub-callow period in workers.	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFEB2A12DEE6FC7F8E63B7E2.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name, a noun in apposition, refers to the coarse sculpturation of the first gastral tergite.	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFE52A1CDEE6FF668FD3B61E.taxon	description	(Figs 46 – 49).	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFE52A1CDEE6FF668FD3B61E.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. AUSTRALIA: QUEENSLAND: Bellenden Ker Range: 1 km S of cable tower 6 (17 ° 16 S, 145 ° 53 ' E). Type deposition. Holotype ANIC. Paratypes ANIC, QMBA.	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFE52A1CDEE6FF668FD3B61E.taxon	distribution	Distribution, material examined. EA 8 (Walsh / Hugh Nelson Range): Mt Fisher, - 17 33, 145.33, 3 workers, QMBA berlesates 577, 578, 1000 m (GBM & GKY, 3. v. 1981). EA 10 (Bellenden Ker): Bellenden Ker Range, Cable Tower 3, - 17 16, 145 53, pitfall trap, 1054 m (Earthwatch / Qld Museum, 25 – 31. x. 1981) — worker paratypes. 1 km S of cable tower 6, QMBA berlesate 312, 314, 500 m (Earthwatch / Qld Museum, 17 – 24. x. 1981) — Holotype, worker paratype. 1 / 2 km S of cable tower 7, yellow pan trap, rainforest, 500 m (Earthwatch / Qld Museum, 17 – 24. x. 1981). EA 12 (Walter Hill Range): Mt Father Clancy, - 17 35, 145 38, QMBA berlesate 581, 840 m (GKY & GBM, 4. v. 1983). Crawfords Lookout (- 17 37, 145 48), 2 workers ex ANIC Berlesate 361 (RWT & JDF, 5. vii. 1971, c 320 m). Upper Boulder Creek (11 km NW of Tully), - 17 50, 145 45, QMBA berlesate 675, 1000 m (GBM, Davies & GIT, 16. vii. 1984). Mt Tyson, (2 km W of Tully), - 17 55, 145 54, 3 workers, QMBA berlesate 586, 588, 650 m (DKY, 7. v. 1983). Paratype designation restricted to Bellenden Ker specimens.	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFE52A1CDEE6FF668FD3B61E.taxon	description	Worker diagnosis. General features, conformation, color and major sculpturation as illustrated and in appropriate key couplets above. Characterized in the H. ecarinata species complex by relatively heavy sculpturation, dark blackish-brown color, with dark reddish-brown legs and antennae, and distinguished from the somewhat similar H. pendergrasti by differences in sculpturation (particularly of the frons and second gastral tergite), coloration and structure of petiolar node. Fore-coxae, propodeal declivity and posterior surface of node superficially microsculptured; propodeal declivity laterally distinctly, but not strongly, sculpturally bordered: the posterolateral edges in profile more-or-less regular and even, not serrate as a result of minutely extended cuticular points along the sculptural border. Most specimens apart from the Bellenden Ker series have the petiolar summit weakly pointed posterodorsally, and some appear not to be fully colored, possibly sub-callow. The gaster in these is lighter brown than the remaining body (and also the mesosoma in two cases). The propodeal declivity is unsculptured in most specimens, but microsculptured in several. Dimensions: (holotype, smallest available specimen (Crawfords Lookout) largest available specimen (Mt Father Clancy): TL (ca): 5.1, 4.9, 5.2; HW: 1.23, 1.19, 1.29; HL: 1.16, 1.13, 1.20; CI: 106, 105, 108; EL: 0.22, 0.21, 0.21; SL: 0.70, 0.70, 0.74; SI: 57, 59, 57; PW: 0.91, 0.90, 0.98; WL: 1.55, 1.56, 1.60; petH: 0.73, 0.75, 0.74; petW: 0.52, 0.50, 0.50; GW 1.04, 1.04, 1.07. Related taxa. Apparently close to the broadly similar H. pendergrasti and to H. trachypyx at species-complex level In-group sympatric associations. Sympatric with H. relicta in the Bellenden-Ker Range and at Mt Fisher, Mt Father Clancy, McNamee Creek and Upper Boulder Creek.	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFE52A1CDEE6FF668FD3B61E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Mt Bellenden Ker, which at 1,593 m is second in Queensland elevation only to the adjacent Mt Bartel Frere (the second-highest Australian mountain after Mt Kosciusco, NSW). Both peaks are in the largely rainforested Wooroonooran National Park. The Bellenden Ker summit regularly receives Australian record rainfall, up to 12,438.4 mm (489.70 in).	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFE52A1CDEE6FF668FD3B61E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet, a noun in apposition, refers to the ecarinate antennal scrobes,	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFE52A19DEE6F9A38A04B3DC.taxon	description	(Figs 50 – 53).	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFE52A19DEE6F9A38A04B3DC.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. AUSTRALIA: QUEENSLAND: NE Lamb Range (11 km SE Mareeba), - 17 0 6, 145 34. Type deposition. Holotype ANIC. Paratypes in ANIC, QMBA.	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFE52A19DEE6F9A38A04B3DC.taxon	distribution	Distribution, material examined. EA 7 (Lamb Range): Mt Tiptree, - 17 0 3, 145 37, (B. Halliday, 13. vi. 1984), worker — 900 m (RWT & JDF, 29. vi. 1971), worker paratype - 17 0 3, 145 38, 730 m (RWT & JDF, 29. vi. 1971), worker paratype. Mt Edith, Lamb Range, - 17 0 6, 145 37, QMBA berlesate 465, 1140 m (GBM, DKY & GIT, 11. x. 1982) holotype, worker paratype. NE Lamb Range (11 km SE of Mareeba), - 17 0 6, 145 34, QMBA berlesates 804, 822, rainforest moss, 1200 m 11. xi. 1988 (GBM, GIT), holotype, 4 worker paratypes. Upper Isley Creek, - 17 0 3, 145 41, trees & logs, pyrethrum, 750 m (GBM & Janetzki, 29. xi. 1993).	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFE52A19DEE6F9A38A04B3DC.taxon	description	Worker diagnosis. General features, conformation, color and major sculpturation as illustrated and in appropriate key couplets above. Characterized in the H. ecarinata species complex by heavy sculpturation, dark blackish color, with dark brown legs and antennae, and distinguished from the similar H. ecarinata by differences in sculpturation (particularly of the frons and second gastral tergite), coloration and structure of the petiolar node. Fore-coxae and posterior surface of node superficially microsculptured; propodeal declivity shining, with weak, superficial dorsally-directed radial striae; its sides distinctly sculpturally bordered, the posterolateral edge in profile micro-serrate as a result of minutely extended cuticular points along the sculptural border. Sculpturation of second gastral tergite more distinctly longitudinally deployed than in H. ecarinata (refer Figs). Dimensions: (holotype; smallest available specimen, largest available specimen (both Mt): TL (ca): 5.1, 4.8, 5.1; HW: 1.23, 1.18, 1.23; HL: 1.19, 1.17, 1.18; CI: 103, 100, 104; EL: 0.16, 0.16, 1.18; SL: 0.71, 0.69, 0.70; SI: 57, 58, 57; PW: 0.86, 0.86, 0.90; WL: 1.54, 1.49, 1.58; petH: 0.85, 0.79, 0.90; petW: 0.46, 0.47, 0.47; GW 0.99, 0.96, 1.03. Related taxa. See above under H. ecarinata. In-group sympatric associations. Heteroponera relicta and H. pendergrasti are both present in QMBA Berlesate 804. Biogeography. known only from Lamb Range, the northern rampart of the Atherton Tableland. H. pendergrasti is possibly endemic there. Note the frequency of accessions by various collectors, and the absence of records in the well-known, generally well collected and more frequently visited nearby EA 9, Atherton Tableland and EA 6 Black Mountain localities.	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFE52A19DEE6F9A38A04B3DC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The apically sub-dentate petiolar node is (probably homoplasiously and convergently) similar to those of some Neotropical species (Brown 1958; Feitosa 2011).	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFE52A19DEE6F9A38A04B3DC.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named for Professor J. G. (Jim) Pendergrast of Auckland, New Zealand, my first teacher in Zoology at both High School and (in a later position) at The University of Auckland, where he supervised my M. Sc. degree.	en	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
