identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
627587EEFFF92A00DEE6FD95891AB2FB.text	627587EEFFF92A00DEE6FD95891AB2FB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteroponera ecarinata	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> H. ecarinata species complex: </p>
            <p> Heteroponera ecarinata sp. nov. (9)  Heteroponera pendergrasti sp. nov. (10)  Heteroponera trachypyx sp. nov. (8) </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/627587EEFFF92A00DEE6FD95891AB2FB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Taylor, Robert W.	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFF92A00DEE6FED98927B22F.text	627587EEFFF92A00DEE6FED98927B22F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteroponera relicta	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> H. relicta species complex: </p>
            <p> Heteroponera darlingtonorum sp. nov. (3)  Heteroponera lioprocta sp. nov. (7)  Heteroponera monteithi sp. nov. (6)  Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler) (1)  Heteroponera rhodopygea sp. nov. (2)  Heteroponera viviennae sp. nov. (5)  Heteroponera wilsoni sp. nov. (4) </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/627587EEFFF92A00DEE6FED98927B22F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Taylor, Robert W.	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFF92A03DEE6FCBC8EABB6EE.text	627587EEFFF92A03DEE6FCBC8EABB6EE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteroponera	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Key to the Australasian species-groups of  Heteroponera and species of the  H. relicta group (workers, and gynes). </p>
            <p> The Australasian species groups are discriminated in couplets 1 to 3, thence the species of the  H. relicta group. The characteristics of all known Australasian  Heteroponera species were considered in this compilation. </p>
            <p> 1 Petiole armed dorsally with a small erect median spine. Propodeum with a pair of similarly proportioned posterodorsolateral spines or homologous lamellar spine-like processes. Second gastral segment in side view markedly reflexed, so that the gastral apex is directed strongly anteroventrally. Antennal scrobes and enclosing frontal carinae lacking (see Taylor (2011) for illustrations and taxonomy of the three known species)...........................................  H. leae species-group </p>
            <p>- Petiole lacking a dorsomedial spine, though sometimes drawn to a tapering obtuse summit. Propodeum lacking slender erect spines, though sometimes with sculpturally jagged posterolateral edges and with very small accompanying spines in one species (known only from the Mt Elliot summit near Townsville). Reflexure of second gastral segment unexceptional. Antennal scrobes in most species bordered dorsally and posteriorly by extended frontal carinae, sometimes strongly developed, (Figs 23, 30, 31), otherwise vestigial or absent (Figs 34, 35, 42, 43)..................................................... 2</p>
            <p> 2(1) Size generally smaller (HW less than 1mm). Second gastral segment in dorsal view not notably narrower than first, or markedly tapered posteriorly. Antennal scrobes lacking, the scrobal areas sculpturally undifferentiated (widespread, all states (including Australian Capital Territory) except Tasmania. Doubtfully represented from the Northern Territory. (The group currently includes the only known New Zealand  Heteroponera species,  H. brouni )................  H. imbellis species-group </p>
            <p> - Generally larger species (HW almost always exceeding 1mm (rarely as low as 0.92mm). Second gastral segment in dorsal view notably narrower than first—often tapering posteriorly (Figs 12, 13, 36, 37). Antennal scrobes and frontal carinae usually strongly developed (Figs 2, 3); the carinae vestigial in several species, in which the scrobal areas lack an enclosing carina but are differentiated from the frons as relatively finely-sculptured tracts above the eyes (Figs 42, 43). A species-group known only from NE coastal Queensland and adjacent highlands south from Cooktown to Cannonvale, between 15°S and 20°30'S. (  H. relicta species group)................................................................................. 3 </p>
            <p> 3(2) Antennal scrobes fully configured—each almost completely enclosed frontally and posteriorly by a distinct extension of the frontal carina and by a similar ventral carina adjacent to the eye. Scrobe partly divided longitudinally by a median dividing carina. Gastral dorsum (usually much-) less coarsely sculptured than mesosomal dorsum (Figs 26, 27)(  H. relicta species complex)............................................................................................... 4. </p>
            <p> - Antennal scrobes vestigial, represented on each side by a shallowly concave tract above the eye differentiated from the frons by relatively light sculpturation; the enclosing frontal carinae barely defined; scrobal dividing carina vestigially represented or lacking. Body tagmata including the gastral dorsum almost uniformly very coarsely foveolate-rugose (Figs 42, 43)(  H. ecarinata species complex)................................................................................ 10. </p>
            <p>4(3) Vertexal (=occipital) border of head in square full-face view distinctly emarginate, never squarely transverse. Dorsal surfaces of head, mesosoma and node coarsely, sharply punctate-rugose; first gastral tergite with somewhat polished, effaced large punctures, readily interpreted as a somewhat reduced, smoothed-over version of the stronger, more clearly incised dorsal propodeal sculpturing but less defined and well-marked. Declivitous face of propodeum smooth and strongly shining, with no or very little trace of sculpturation; its lateral borders sculpturally defined, but lacking extra sculptural elements such as a minutely ragged or serrate edge or propodeal-spine-like extensions (Figs 2, 10).................................... 5</p>
            <p>- Vertexal border either as above, or more usually slightly emarginate or squarely transverse—the latter condition conclusive here. Sculpturation differing from the alternative: sculpture of first gastral tergite clearly dissimilar to that of pronotal and propodeal dorsa, always (and usually very distinctly) less strongly developed—ranging from smooth and shining with minute piligerous punctures, to sub-opaque, with very effaced scattered medium puncturation. Declivitous face of propodeum often with superficial sculpturation—shagreening or radial, dorsally-directed effaced striae; the lateral borders usually, but not always, defined by a jagged sculptural edge................................................................ 6</p>
            <p> 5(4) Body tagmata uniformly dark chocolate-brown; mandibles, antennae and legs dark reddish-brown. Size relatively large: worker HW 1.20–1.47mm (mean 1.36mm), with ca 40% of specimens larger (by HW measurement) than the alternative  H. rhodopygea , which has maximum known HW 1.39mm. Distribution more southerly (known from Endemism Areas 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13)(Figs 2–5)...........................................................  H. relicta (Wheeler)</p>
            <p> - Bicolored: head, mesosoma and node dark reddish-brown: the gaster contrasting orange brown, matching the mandibles, antennae and legs. Workers smaller on average: HW 1.18–1.39mm (mean 1.32mm), HW not known to exceed 1.39mm. Distribution more northerly (Endemism Areas 1, 2 and 3)(Figs 10–13)...............................  H. rhodopygea sp. n.</p>
            <p> 6(4) First gastral tergite shining, but without smooth areas; closely sown with dense fine puncturation, with a few very weak vestiges of small foveate punctures. Propodeal declivity smooth and shining with its lateral borders sculpturally unelaborated (Known only from EA16, in the  Paluma area)...........................................  H. darlingtonorum sp. n.</p>
            <p>- First gastral tergite moderately strongly shining, either virtually lacking sculpturation, or smooth, with scattered point-punctures and somewhat obscure, separated, smoothed-over larger foveate punctures. (Including species from most other EAs).. 7</p>
            <p>7(6) Exposed section of second gastral tergite (abdominal 4) on each side near its base with an unusual, minute, anterolaterallydirected denticle (or “gastral II spur” —see description in text above) which may extend beyond the outline of the gaster in dorsal view (Figs 26, 28, 34, 36). First gastral tergite in dorsal view smooth and shining, with scattered minute piligerous point-punctures visible in reflected light, and no trace of larger foveate punctures or other sculpture. Southern species from EAs 17 and 18. (The gastral II spurs may be obscured if the tubulate second gastral exoskeleton is deeply telescoped into the first gastral segment.)................................................................................. 9</p>
            <p>- Lateral spurs lacking from second gastral tergite. First gastral tergite in dorsal view with relatively strong point punctures and somewhat obscure scattered foveate punctures, or densely microsculptured and subopaque. Northern species from EAs 2, 3 or 4.................................................................................................. 8</p>
            <p> 8(7) Larger species (HW 1.24–1.31mm). Mesosomal proportions as in  H. relicta and most other group species (Figs 18 -22). Petiole including its summit generally punctate. Self-colored, dull orange-brown; gaster, antennae and legs slightly paler than elsewhere..................................................................................  H. wilsoni sp. n.</p>
            <p> - Smaller species (HW 1.07–1.19mm). Mesosoma relatively short and compact (Figs 22–25). Petiole generally punctate, but with the summit smooth and shining. Bicolored: head, mesosoma and node bright mahogany- brown, gaster, mandibles, antennae and legs bright reddish/orange-brown...................................................  H. viviennae sp. n.</p>
            <p> 9(7) Mesosomal dorsum distinctly punctate-rugose; declivitous face of propodeum smooth and shining, with effaced, very fine, obscure vestigial striae radiating from the center of its base (best seen in reflected light). The declivity separated from the sides and dorsum of the sclerite by a minutely ragged sculptural margin, with no trace of lateral bordering carinae or dorsolateral denticles. (Figs 26–29)(Known only from the Conway Range area (EA18) near Cannonvale)...........  H. monteithi sp. n.</p>
            <p> - Mesosomal dorsum less-distinctly ornamented, with somewhat effaced sculpture, including vaguely longitudinal elements; declivitous face of propodeum smooth and shining, lacking the fine sculpturing described above, or with only faint vestiges of similar sculpture. The declivity bordered on each side by a fine carina, which is extended dorsally to form a small obtusely triangular denticle somewhat resembling a minute propodeal tooth. (Figs 34–37)(Known only from sites near the summit of Mt Elliot (EA17) southeast of Townsville).......................................................  H. lioprocta sp. n.</p>
            <p> 10(3) Body tagmata generally overall dull medium- to dark-brown; often bicolored, with the gaster dull light reddish-brown. Pronotal epaulets relatively less developed (Figs 42–45). Frons very finely longitudinally striate, with several larger additional striae on each side, each of the larger elements about as distinct as the median frontal carina (Fig 43). Known only from the far northern Endemicity Areas EA1 (Mt Finnigan) and EA2 (Thornton Peak)...............................  H. trachypyx sp. n.</p>
            <p>- Body tagmata uniformly very dark blackish-brown, almost black; legs and antennae lighter, medium to dark reddish-brown. Pronotal -epaulets relatively strongly developed (Figs 46–49, 50–53). Sculpturation of frons otherwise—either moderately coarsely longitudinally striate without intervening fine striae, or much less regularly sculptured, as in Fig 43. Known from more southerly Endemicity Areas........................................................................11</p>
            <p> 11(10) Petiolar dorsum generally rounded in lateral view, sometimes slightly extended posteroapically, but never as strongly as the alternative. Declivitous face of propodeum with dorsally-directed radiating striae on a shining background, with or without accompanying shagreening. Known from EA8, EA10 &amp; EA12...................................  H. ecarinata sp. n.</p>
            <p> - Petiolar dorsum relatively tall and narrow in lateral view, extended above to form a distinct broadly tooth-like posteroapical process. Declivitous face of propodeum smooth and shining, with at most only vague traces of dorsally-directed radial sculpturation. Known only from EA7 (Lamb Range)............................................. ..  H. pendergrasti sp. n.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/627587EEFFF92A03DEE6FCBC8EABB6EE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Taylor, Robert W.	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFFA2A02DEE6F8BE89E8B170.text	627587EEFFFA2A02DEE6F8BE89E8B170.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteroponera Mayr 1887	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Heteroponera Mayr 1887</p>
            <p> See Bolton et al. (2007) for synonymy and taxonomic history. The generic epithets  Paranomopone Wheeler, 1915 and  Anacanthoponera Wheeler, 1923 , are established junior synonyms of  Heteroponera (Brown, 1952) .  Heteroponera has been discussed by several past authors as a possible junior synonym of  Acanthoponera Mayr 1862 . </p>
            <p> Heteroponera may be identified in Australia using the keys of Hoelldobler &amp; Wilson (1990), Bolton (1994) and Shattuck (1999), notably regarding distinction from the ectatommine genus  Rhytidoponera . Note however that some small sympatric  Rhytidoponera species (relatives of  Rhytidoponera tenuis Forel —see Brown, 1958, Appendix: notes 15, 16, 27.) commonly present in North Queensland berlesates and other bulk samples which include H. relicta- group specimens, lack allegedly diagnostic supplementary teeth on the pretarsal claws, but are otherwise readily discriminated from  Heteroponera . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/627587EEFFFA2A02DEE6F8BE89E8B170	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Taylor, Robert W.	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFFB2A0FDEE6FCE88962B524.text	627587EEFFFB2A0FDEE6FCE88962B524.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler) Wheeler	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 1.  Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler)</p>
            <p>(Figs 2–5, 6–9)</p>
            <p> Paranomopone relicta Wheeler, 1915: 118 , pl. 8; Worker, Gyne; Type locality: AUSTRALIA: QUEENSLAND:  Kuranda (16°49'S, 145°38'E). Holotype examined (Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA).  Heteroponera relicta W.L. Brown, 1958: 196 . </p>
            <p> Distribution, material examined. Abundantly known from many localities centered on the Atherton Tableland of NE Qld, north to near  Mossman and south almost to the latitude of Townsville (Grid cells -16/145, -17/145 and - 18/146), as follows: EA4 (Mt Carbine Tableland):  Mossman Bluff Track ;  Mossman Gorge ; Mt Demi; Mt Lewis; 2.5 km N of Mt Lewis; 2 km SE of Mt Spurgeon; The Bluff (11 km W  Mossman ); Pauls Luck;  Platypus Creek. EA6 (Black Mountain): Black Mountain (17 km ESE Julatten); Black Mountain Rd (via  Kuranda ); Clacherty Rd (via Julatten);  Kuranda ; Lyons Lookout (near  Mossman ). EA7 (Lamb Range): Davies Creek Rd; Emerald Creek; Lamb Range. EA8 (Walsh/ Hugh Nelson Range): Bartle Fire Track (17 km W Millaa Millaa); Herberton Range; Hugh Nelson Range (2.5 km S of Crater NP); Mt Fisher; 21 km S of Atherton. EA9 (Atherton Tableland): 3.2 km E of Lake Barrine; Lake Barrine NP; Lake Eacham NP; Malanda Falls; 12 km SE of Millaa; 7 km SW of Millaa; Danbulla Forest;  Gadgarra . EA10 (  Bellenden Ker ):  Bellenden Ker Range (E slope, sited near various specified cable-car towers); Boonjie (13 km ESE Malanda); Topaz area. EA11 (Malbon Thompson Range): Mt Gorton (near Yarrabah); Bell Peak North (near Gordonvale). EA12 (Walter Hill Range): 25 km SE of Millaa; Boulder Creek (via Tully); Downie Creek; Koombooloomba; Tully River Crossing; Tully Falls NP; Crawfords Lookout; W of McNamee Creek. Laceys Creek; McNamee Creek (15 km SW of Innisfail); Mt Father Clancy (9 km S of Milla Milla); Palmerston NP. EA13 (Kirrama/ Cardwell Range): MacAlister Range (W slope). EA16 (  Paluma / Bluewater Ranges): Mt Spec. </p>
            <p> All samples with ecological data are labelled “Rainforest” or “ RF ”. Relevant collectors include: E.H. Bourne, W.L. Brown, A.N. Burns, H. Janetzki, DWC, JDF, BBL, GBM, RWT, GIT, DKY.  Heteroponera relicta has been identified here from QMBA berlesates numbered: 238, 249, 298, 300, 312, 365, 408, 413, 466, 549, 598, 609, 611, 612 and 618. </p>
            <p> Elevational distribution. Specified elevations range from 60m (  Mossman Gorge ) to 1000–1200m (Mt Spurgeon, Lamb Range and Herberton Range). </p>
            <p> Worker diagnosis. General features, conformation, color and major sculpturation as in Figs 2–5 and relevant key couplets above. Body color frequently more nearly black than illustrated. Described in adequate detail by Wheeler (1915). Readily identified by key characters cited above and the accompanying illustrations. Humeral angles and pronotal epaulets well-developed. Scrobes generally smooth and shining, usually with very light rippling of the surfaces of the medial scrobal areas. Propodeal declivity smooth and shining, sometimes with slight traces of irregular longitudinal sculpturing. Lateral margins of declivity simple, essentially the unelaborated edges of the lateral and dorsal propodeal sculpturation. A small smooth, shining area medially on the posterior surface of the node. Dimensions: (smallest available specimen (Black Mountain Rd,  Kuranda ), largest available specimen (Downey Creek)): TL (ca): 5.1, 6.0; HW: 1.19, 1.47; HL: 1.14, 1.34; CI: 104, 109; EL: 0. 19, 0.24; SL: 0.70, 0.82; SI: 58, 56; PW: 0.83, 1.07; WL: 1.42, 1.72; petH: –, 0.96; petW: 0.43, 0.62; GW 0.98, 1.21. </p>
            <p> Gyne: General features and major sculpturation as in Figs 6–9. Head size, proportions, structure and sculpturation close to the worker range. One specimen (illustrated here) has an apparently unreduced median ocellus (as did Wheeler’s (1915)  Kuranda gyne). Mesosoma remarkably worker-like (considering that structural reduction from alate ancestry must have occurred separately from that in the evolution of the worker caste), with vestigial traces of ancestral alate-related structure as illustrated; sculpturation less strongly expressed than in worker; PW and WL generally within the worker range, WL ranging slightly higher. Dimensions: Four specimens from colonies collected at  Mossman Gorge, Malanda Falls, Lake Eacham , and Palmerston National Park have the following dimensions: TL (ca): 5.7, 6.6, 6.5, 6.5; HW: 1.28, 1.38, 1.38, 1.40; HL: 1.23, 1.31, 1.33, 1.30; CI: 104, 105, 103, 107; EL: 0.23, 0.25, 0.25, 0.26; SL: 0.72, 0.76, 0.75, 0.74; SI: 56, 55, 54, 53; PW: 0.97, 0.97, 1.02, 1.06; WL: 1.59, 1.75, 1.73, 1.79; petH: -, 1.15, 1.00, 1.11; petW: 0.70, 0.81, 0.75, 0.72; GW (across gastral segment III): 1.58, 1.68, 1.69, 1.66. Two specimens from  Platypus Creek have HW 1.36mm. </p>
            <p> Related taxa.  H. rhodopygea and  H. relicta are closely similar and apparently phylogenetically cognate. They are not known to occur sympatrically, though both are recorded from (well separated) localities in EA4 (Carbine Tableland) and otherwise have extensive, well-defined allopatric distributional ranges.  Heteroponera relicta workers are larger on average. HW of 40 randomly selected.  rhodopygea workers ranged from 1.18 to 1.39mm (mean 1.32mm, distribution roughly bimodal with modes at 1.28mm and 1.34mm. The main range was 1.26mm to 1.39mm, with a divergent small individual at I. 18 mm (see full measurements below). HW of 40 randomly selected  H. relicta workers ranged from 1.19mm to 1.47mm (mean 1.36mm) with frequency distribution essentially flat. The main range was 1.32–1.47mm, with 4 small (?nanitic) individuals in the range 1.20–1.28mm. Thus 42% of measured  H. relicta workers were larger than any measured  rhodopygea worker. These comparisons could be affected by generational differences in stature among workers in growing colonies, and by geographical variation in maximum worker size. </p>
            <p> Heteroponera darlingtonorum and  H. wilsoni are both similar to  H. relicta , but with distinctive sculptural differences, and somewhat simplified morphological structural detail, especially in  H. wilsoni . In both species the propodeum is dorsally slightly inflated and less strongly sloping posterodorsally in profile view than in  H. relicta . </p>
            <p> In-group sympatric associations. Sympatric variously with  H. pendergrasti and  H. wilsoni (see those species entries for details), with  H. ecarinata at Crawfords Lookout, and with  H. darlingtonorum in the  Paluma area. </p>
            <p> Remarks.  H. relicta was included in Feitosa’s (2011) phylogenetic analysis as a sister species to  H. rhodopygea (his “  Heteroponera sp A”). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/627587EEFFFB2A0FDEE6FCE88962B524	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Taylor, Robert W.	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFF62A09DEE6FA7A88C0B661.text	627587EEFFF62A09DEE6FA7A88C0B661.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteroponera rhodopygea	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 2.  Heteroponera rhodopygea sp. n.</p>
            <p>(Figs 10–13)</p>
            <p>Type locality. AUSTRALIA: QUEENSLAND: Thornton Range (16°14'S, 145°26'E). Holotype and 20 worker paratypes from 4 separately collected colony series. No other workers examined here have been designated as Paratypes.</p>
            <p>Type deposition. Holotype worker ANIC. Paratypes in ANIC (including gyne) and QMBA.</p>
            <p>Distribution, material examined. Apparently common at all elevations in the following Endemism Areas: EA1 (Mt Finnigan): Mt Finnigan, -15 48, 145 17 3 workers, pyrethrum knockdown, 850–1100 m (GBM, DKY &amp; DWC, 19–22.iv.1982)</p>
            <p> pyrethrum knockdown, 1100 m (L. Roberts, 20.xii.1982)—summit, 1100 m, QMBA berlesate 54 (GBM &amp; DWC, 10.xi.1985)—summit, 1100 m (GBM, DWC &amp; Roberts, 28–30.xi.1985). Mt Misery, summit, 2 workers, pyrethrum knockdown, 850m (GBM, Sheridan &amp; Roberts, 6.xii.1990. EA2 (Thornton Peak): Roaring Meg Creek (-16 0 4, 145 24), 6 km W of Cape Tribulation, 710m ()GBM, DKY &amp; GIT, 5.x.1982). Roaring Meg Valley (-16 0 4, 145 25) 720m (GBM &amp; H. Janetzki, 22 xi 1993. Noah Creek (-16 0 8, 145 26), 75m, ANIC Berlesate 946 (AAC &amp; TAW, 27 iii 1984). Cape Tribulation (all accessions by GBM, DKY &amp; GIT, unless otherwise noted) -(3 km W; Site 6), -16 0 4, 145 27, 5 workers, pyrethrum knockdown or QMBA berlesate 422, 500m (19.ix.1982)—(4.5–5 km W; Top camp), -16 0 5, 145 26, 760– 780 m (28.ix., 1–6.x. 1982)—(5 km W; Site 10), -16 0 5, 145 26, 3 workers, pyrethrum knockdown, 780 m; stick brushings, QMBA berlesate 700, 780m (28.ix.1982)—(4 km W; Site 8), -16 0 5, 145 26, pyrethrum knockdown, 720m (28.ix.1982); 4 workers, QMBA Berlesates 423, 424, 437 (date range 29–30.ix.1982 —(3.5 km W; Site 7), -16 0 5, 145 27, 2 workers, pyrethrum knockdown, 680m (2.x.1982)—(2 km WNW; Site 2), -16 0 5, 145 28, 2 workers, stick brushing, QMBA Berlesate 483, 50m (2.x.1982); 3 workers, 50 m (3.x.1982); baited pitfall trap, 50m (GBM, 19.i.1983)—(Site 4), -16 0 5, 145 28, QMBA Berlesate 454, 200 m (7.x.1982); 2 workers, QMBA Berlesate 528, 200 m (GBM &amp; DKY, 21.iv.83)—(Site 5), 4 workers, pyrethrum knockdown, 80 m (2–7.x.1982). Gold Creek, McDowall Range (-16 0 5, 145 17) 650m (RWT &amp; TAW, 1.xi.1976. McDowall Range (-16 0 6, 145 20), pyrethrum knockdown, 520 m, (GBM &amp; DWC, 27.xi.1985).  Oliver Creek , -16 0 6, 145 28, stick brushing, 10 m (GBM, 5.i.83). Mt Hemmant, -16 0 7, 145 23, 7 workers, QMBA Berlesates 543, 544, 545, 880 m (GBM &amp; DWC, 25.iv.1983). Mt Sorrow, -16 0 8, 145 26, 5 workers, QMBA Berlesate 261, 800m (GBM, 19.x.1980). Table Mountain (-16 0 9, 145 26), 320m (GBM &amp; DWC, 24.iv.1983). Cooper Creek, -16 11, 145 26, 2 workers, near sea level (RWT &amp; JDF, 22.vi.1971). Thornton Range (-16 14, 145 26)(type locality) 20 workers from 4 separately collected colony series, 150–180 m (RWT &amp; JDF, 23.vi.1971)—ANIC vials 12/27, 32, 35, 36—worker, ANIC berlesate 327 (RWT &amp; JDF, 23.vi.1971). Thornton Peak, -16 15, 145 26, 2 workers, QMBA Berlesate 301, 1000–1100 m (GBM &amp; DWC, 20–22.ix.1981); 1000–1300 m (GBM &amp; DWC, 20–22.ix.1981). EA3 (Windsor Tableland): Windsor Tableland (-16 145)—site 1, 6 workers, pyrethrum knockdown, 1140 m (27.xii.1989)—site 2, 3 workers, pyrethrum knockdown, 1160 m (10.i.1989)—site 9, 6 workers, pyrethrum knockdown, 1186 m (8.i.1989)—ref 901088, 6 workers, pyrethrum knockdown, 1186 m (12.i.1989)(all E. Schmidt &amp; ANZSES). Windsor Tableland (-16 145)— 3 workers, 1050 m, QMBA berlesate 393— 2 workers, 900 m—pitfall trap, 900 m (all GBM, DKY &amp; DWC, labeled either 16 or 15–18.iv.1982). EA4 (Carbine Tableland): Devils Thumb area, —16 34, 145 17 (10 km NW of  Mossman ) — pyrethrum knockdown, rainforest, 1000–1180 m (GBM, DKY &amp; GIT, 10.x.1982), 1 worker. All samples with ecological data are labelled “rainforest” or “ RF. Unless noted each comprises a single worker collected by Berlese funnel from leafmould or litter (usually sieved). </p>
            <p>Elevational distribution. Apparently represented throughout the rainforested elevational range in EA1 (850 to 1100 m), EA2 (“near sea level” to 1,300 m on Thornton Peak) and EA3 (900–1186 m on Windsor Tableland).</p>
            <p> Worker diagnosis. General features, conformation, coloration and major sculpturation as illustrated. Closely similar to the allopatric  H. relicta , as characterized above, but with the head, mesosoma and node medium-brown and the gaster more brightly orange brown, matching the antennae and legs. Sculpturing of scrobes, propodeal declivity and node posteriorly, and of borders of propodeal declivity as described for  H. relicta . Dimensions: (holotype (Thornton Range); smallest paratype (Thornton Range), largest paratype (Mt Finnigan summit)): (ca): 5.4, 5.0, 6.0; HW: 1.27, 1.18, 1.39; HL: 1.22, 1.11, 1.30; CI: 104, 106, 106; EL: 0.25, 0.20, 0.26; SL: 0.76, 0.67, 0.77; SI: 59, 57, 55; PW: 0.91, 0.82, 0.96; WL: 1.55, 1.42, 1.66; petW: 0.52, 0.51, 0.60; GW 1.02, 0.92, 1.13. </p>
            <p> Related taxa. See above under  H. relicta . </p>
            <p> In-group sympatric associations. Sympatric variously with  H. trachypyx ,  H. viviennae and  H. wilsoni (see those species entries for details). Note the possibly biologically significant similarities in coloration between these three species (refer Figs). </p>
            <p> Remarks. Despite their similarities and allopatric distribution  H. relicta and  H. rhodopygea are highly consistent morphospecies with well represented, clearly defined distributional ranges. They are considered here to represent separate biological species.  Heteroponera rhodopygea was included in Feitosa’s (2011) phylogenetic analysis as “  Heteroponera sp A”, sister to  H. relicta . </p>
            <p>Etymology. The name (a noun in apposition) refers to the reddish gaster.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/627587EEFFF62A09DEE6FA7A88C0B661	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Taylor, Robert W.	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFF02A0BDEE6F9368845B394.text	627587EEFFF02A0BDEE6F9368845B394.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteroponera darlingtonorum	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 3.  Heteroponera darlingtonorum sp. n.</p>
            <p>(Figs 14–17)</p>
            <p> Type locality. AUSTRALIA: QUEENSLAND: 5 km W of  Paluma (19°00'S, 146°12'E) </p>
            <p>Type deposition. Holotype, ANIC. Paratype, QMBA.</p>
            <p> Distribution, material examined. EA14 (Seaview Range) Paratype: Broadwater Park (-18 22, 145 57) worker, sieved litter, Rainforest, 300 m (S. Hamlet, 3.i.1987). EA15 (Hinchinbrook Island): Hinchinbrook Island, Gayndah Creek, -18 22, 146.13, 2 workers (ANIC VIAL No 40.155), QMBA berlesates 664 &amp; 668, 10 m (Davies, Thompson &amp; Gallon, 10, 11.xi.1984). EA16 (  Paluma / Bluewater Range): Holotype: ca 5 km W of  Paluma (-19 0 0, 146 12), worker, 950 m (RWT &amp; JDF, 12.viii.1971). Paratype: 12 km W of  Paluma (-19 0 0, 146 12), worker in soil beside log, tall savanna woodland, edge of rainforest, 3000 ft (ca 900m) (BBL, 3.xi.1980). Paratype: Bluewater Range (-19 10, 146 33), worker, sieved litter. Rainforest, 600 m (GBM &amp; GIT, 7.xii.1986) </p>
            <p> Worker diagnosis. General features, conformation, coloration and major sculpturation as illustrated and in the key above. Similar to  H. relicta but with distinctively different sculpturation (compare Figs, notably the sculpture of the gastral dorsa). First and second gastral tergites moderately shining, but densely, finely point-punctate, with overlain, scattered, small, very weakly expressed foveate punctae on the first tergite. Bodily proportions and general structure, sculpturing of scrobes, propodeal declivity and node posteriorly as in  H. relicta ; Humeral epaulets similarly developed; propodeal dorsum in profile less strongly sloped posterodorsally; the declivity less strongly laterally margined and more narrowly triangular (apex dorsal). Dimensions: (holotype,  Paluma paratype, Bluewater Range paratype): TL (ca): 4.5, 4.2, 4.3; HW: 1.14, 1.07, 1.09; HL: 1.09, 1.02, 1.04; CI:108, 106, 104; EL: 0.21, 0.20, 0.18; SL: 0.68, 0.63, 0.67; SI: 59, 58, 61; PW: 0.85, 0.77, 0.84; WL: 1.36, 1.28, 1.27; petH: 0.75, 0.69, 0.73; petW: 0.45, 0.44, 0.44; GW 0.92, 0.89, 0.89. </p>
            <p> Related taxa. see above under  H. relicta . </p>
            <p> In-group sympatric associations. No direct collection-site records, but an EA16 record listed above under  H. relicta evidences sympatry with  H. relicta in the  Paluma area. </p>
            <p>Etymology. Named for Philip J. Darlington Jr, his wife Elizabeth Koch Darlington and their son Philip Jr. In 1956–57 they pioneered modern concentrated large-scale insect taxonomic survey in Australia by spending eighteen months living in a field-truck collecting carabid beetles and other insects, including ants, for the Harvard University Museum of Comparative Zoology (Darlington, 1960).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/627587EEFFF02A0BDEE6F9368845B394	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Taylor, Robert W.	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFF22A15DEE6FC2A8940B154.text	627587EEFFF22A15DEE6FC2A8940B154.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteroponera wilsoni	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 4.  Heteroponera wilsoni sp. n.</p>
            <p>(Figs 18–21).</p>
            <p> Type locality. AUSTRALIA: QUEENSLAND: Devils Thumb area, -16 34, 145 17 (10 km NW of  Mossman ) </p>
            <p>Type deposition. Holotype ANIC, Paratypes in ANIC, QMBA.</p>
            <p> Distribution, material examined. Known only from the following NE Qld localities, all in map grid cell 16/ 145. Each accession a single worker collected in rainforest. Unless noted all were taken by Berlese funnel from sieved rainforest leafmould, litter or moss from trees or rocks. Queensland: EA2 (Thornton Peak): Mt Hemmant, - 16 0 7, 1455 25, QMBA berlesate 865, 1050 m (GBM &amp; H. Janetzki, 22 xi 1993). Thornton Peak, -16 10, 145 22, QMBA berlesate 619, 1100–1300 m (GBM, DKY &amp; GIT, 1.xi.1983). EA3 (Windsor Tableland): Mt Windsor Tableland, -16 18, 145 0 5, 850 m (RWT, 20.iii.1975). EA4 (Carbine Tableland): Devils Thumb area, -16 34, 145 17 (10 km NW of  Mossman ) — QMBA berlesate 455 (GBM, DKY &amp; GIT, 9–10.x.1982)—stick brushings, QMBA berlesate 459, 1180 m (GBM, DKY &amp; GIT, 10.x.1982)—pyrethrum knockdown, rainforest, 1000–1180 m (GBM, DKY &amp; GIT, 10.x.1982).  Mossman Bluff Track — 10 km W of  Mossman (-16 28, 145 23) pyrethrum knockdown, trees and logs, 1200 m (GBM &amp; GIT, 17.xii.1985)—Site 10, flight intercept trap, 1300 m (GBM, GIT &amp; ANZSES, 1–17.i.1989). </p>
            <p> Worker diagnosis. General features, conformation, coloration and major sculpturation as illustrated, and in the key to species above. Habitus similar to  H. darlingtonorum (refer Figs) and  H. relicta . Major sculpturation considerably different, as illustrated. Compared to  H. relicta : antennal foveae superficially but more strongly sculptured, finely longitudinally striate; propodeal declivity shining, with some minute scaly microsculpture; posterior face of petiole smooth, shining. Vertexal border similarly concave in frontal view; posteroventrolateral extensions of occiput and opposing humeral epaulets less pronounced; ventrolateral sub-dentate extensions of pronotum above fore-coxae less well-developed and less-acutely pointed; humeral shoulders in dorsal view less pronounced; propodeal dorsum in profile less inclined posterodorsally; petiole in side view relatively narrow, the subpetiolar process somewhat reduced. Dimensions: (holotype; smallest available specimen, largest available specimen (both  Mossman Bluff )): TL (ca): 5.28, 5.14, 5.42; HW: 1.27, 1.24, 1.31; HL: 1.21, 1.19, 1.26; CI: 104, 104, 104; EL: 0.25, 0.23, 0.25; SL: 0.72, 0.73, 0.75; SI: 59, 61, 57; PW: 0.86, 0.81, 0.88; WL: 1.55, 1.51, 1.59; petH: 0.83, 0.768, 0.87; petW: 0.54, 0.51, 0.55; GW 1.05, 1.04, 1.08. </p>
            <p> Related taxa. See above under  H. relicta . </p>
            <p> In-group sympatric associations. Sympatric with  H. rhodopygea at all sites of record except  Mossman Bluff , where  H. wilsoni is directly sympatric with  H. relicta . </p>
            <p>Biogeography. Known only from the farthest northern Endemicity Areas, EA2, 3 and 4. Etymology. Named for the preeminent myrmecologist Edward O. Wilson of the Museum of Comparative Zoology Laboratories, Harvard University.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/627587EEFFF22A15DEE6FC2A8940B154	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Taylor, Robert W.	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFEC2A15DEE6FE6A8877B63F.text	627587EEFFEC2A15DEE6FE6A8877B63F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteroponera viviennae	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 5.  Heteroponera viviennae sp. n.</p>
            <p>(Figs 22–25).</p>
            <p>Type locality. AUSTRALIA: QUEENSLAND: 1.5km E by N of Mt Sorrow -16 0 5, 145 27,</p>
            <p>Type deposition. Holotype ANIC. Paratypes in ANIC, QMBA.</p>
            <p>Distribution, material examined. Known only from the following northeastern Queensland samples, all from the Cape Tribulation area (map grid cell -16/145). Unless noted each comprises a single worker collected by Berlese funnel from rainforest leafmould or litter (usually sieved). EA2 (Thornton Peak): Roaring Meg Creek, - 16 0 4, 145 24, QMBA berlesate 448, 740 m (GBM, DKY &amp; GIT, 5.x.1982). Cape Tribulation —(3 km W; Site 6), - 16 0 4, 145 27, QMBA berlesate 439, 500 m (GBM, DKY &amp; GIT, 2.x.1982)—(4.5–5 km W; Top camp), -16 0 5, 145 26, QMBA berlesate 489, 760– 780 m (GBM, DKY &amp; GIT, 1.x.1982)—(4.5 km W; Site 9), -16 0 5, 145 26, QMBA berlesate 498, 760 m (GBM, DKY &amp; GIT, 29.xii.1982)—(3.5 km W; Site 7), -16 0 5, 145 27, QMBA berlesate 529, 680 m (GBM &amp; DKY, 23.iv.1983)—(2 km WNW; Site 2), -16 0 5, 145 28, QMBA berlesate 430, 50m (GBM, DKY &amp; GIT, 28.ix.1982). 1.5km E by N of Mt Sorrow -16 0 5, 145 27, ANIC berlesate 945, rainforest, stony slope (A. Calder &amp; T.A. Weir, 25 iii 1984). Cape Tribulation area, -16 0 5, 145 28, ANIC vials 40.132, 42 19 workers, several berlesates (AAC &amp; TAW, 21–28.iii.1984). Cape Tribulation (near), -16 0 6, 145 27, 5 workers, &lt;50 m (RWT &amp; JDF, 21.6.1971). McDowall Range, -16 0 6, 145 20, 2 workers, QMBA berlesate 684, 520 m (GBM, 27.xi.1985). Noah Creek, Cape Tribulation, QMBA berlesate 259, 5 m (GBM, - 16.x.1980).</p>
            <p>Worker diagnosis. General features, conformation, coloration and major sculpturation as illustrated, and in the key to species above. Antennal scrobes smooth and shining with slight minute surface rippling. Propodeal declivity smooth and shining, the area reduced in size compared to other species, its borders barely raised; posterior face of petiolar node smooth and shining, merging above with the similarly unsculptured dorsum. Head relatively large and broad; eyes more protrusive in frontal view than in other species. Mesosoma relatively short and dorsally inflated—its profile with an almost semicircular dorsal arc in lateral view. Humeral epaulets well developed. Petiole relatively short and broad in lateral view, approximately as long as high, rounded above in profile. Dimensions: (holotype; smallest available specimen, largest available specimen): TL (ca): 4.4, 4.4, 4.8; HW: 1.11, 1.07, 1.19; HL: 1.01, 0.99, 1.11; CI: 104, 108, 107; EL: 0.21, 0.20, 0.23; SL: 0.64, 0.62, 0.66; SI: 57, 58, 55; PW: 0.79, 0.74, 0.82; WL: 1.25, 1.25, 1.33; petH: 0.72, 0.65, -., petW: 0.45, 0.45, 0.49; GW 0.80, 0.77, 0.88.</p>
            <p>Related taxa. No clear apparent close affinities at species-group level,</p>
            <p> In-group sympatric associations. Sympatric with the similarly bicolored  H. rhodopygea at Roaring Meg Creek, and with  H. rhodopygea and  H. wilsoni in the Cape Tribulation area and at Mc Dowall Creek. </p>
            <p>Biogeography. Known only from EA2 (Thornton Peak).</p>
            <p>Etymology. Named for my late friend Vivienne Awford.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/627587EEFFEC2A15DEE6FE6A8877B63F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Taylor, Robert W.	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFEC2A11DEE6F98A8ABBB4D0.text	627587EEFFEC2A11DEE6F98A8ABBB4D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteroponera monteithi	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 6.  Heteroponera monteithi sp. n.</p>
            <p>(Figs 26–29, 30–33)</p>
            <p>Type locality. AUSTRALIA: QUEENSLAND: Brandy Creek Rd, Conway State Forest (20°20'S, 148°42'E) Type deposition. Holotype ANIC. Paratypes in ANIC, QMBA.</p>
            <p>Distribution, material examined. Known only from 3 rainforested sites in central coastal Queensland. Unless noted all samples comprise single workers collected from Berlese funnel samples of leafmould or sieved litter, or stick brushings. EA18 Conway Range: Mt Dryander, -20 0 0, 148 33— 4 workers, stick brushings, QMBA berlesate 59, 500– 650 m (GBM, 24.iv.1979)— 700–800 m, 21.xi. 1992, 12 workers, gyne, probable colony series (GBM, Thompson, Cook &amp; Janetski);—summit, QMBA berlesate 61, 740 m (GBM, 24.iv.1979). Cannonvale, -20 0 8, 148 43— 3 workers, stick brushings, QMBA berlesate 64, 10 m (GBM, 25.iv.1979)— 2 workers, same data, sieved litter, QMBA berlesate 65. Conway SF, Brandy Creek Rd,- 20 148 42— Holotype, 2 additional workers, stick brushings, QMBA berlesate 56, 60 m (GBM, 23.iv.1979)— 3 workers, QMBA berlesates 57 &amp; 63, 60 m (GBM, 23–25.iv.1979).</p>
            <p> Worker diagnosis. General features, conformation, color and major sculpturation as in appropriate key couplets above and accompanying illustrations. Gastral II spurs present as defined above, and arrowed in Figs 26 &amp; 28. Pronotal humeri narrowly rounded in dorsal view; humeral epaulets relatively poorly developed. Basically similar to the putatively related  H. lioprocta (compare Figs). Node more rounded above, without median posterodorsal extension; propodeal declivity barely margined sculpturally, lacking propodeal spine-like extensions. Sculpturation of frons, mesosoma and petiole more heavily developed. Antennal scrobes finely longitudinally striate, the striae curving to follow the profile of the scrobe. Propodeal declivity smooth and shining, with distinct or vestigial fine radial striation in most specimens. Sculpture of first gastral tergite resembling  H. lioprocta , similarly point-punctate, but with a few small scattered, weakly incised, shallow larger punctural elements. The point-punctae more dense along the posterior margin of the sclerite. Dimensions: (holotype (which is the smallest specimen examined), largest paratype (Mt Dryander summit)): TL (ca): 3.94, 4.67; HW: 0.93, 1.08; HL: 0.89, 1.06; CI: 104, 101; EL: 0.16, 0.17; SL: 0.53, 0.65; SI: 57, 60; PW: 0.66, 0.78; WL: 1.12, 1.36; petH: 0.65, 0.68; petW: 0.45, 0.53; GW 0.90, 0.98. </p>
            <p> Gyne: A single individual from a nest with workers. General features, conformation, color and major sculpturation as in Figs 30–33. Relatively pale in color (possibly callow) and hirsute compared to workers. A single minute median ocellus present. Gaster less enlarged than in  H. relicta gynes. Gastral II spurs barely represented by minute appropriately situated swellings. Dimensions: TL (ca): 5.04; HW: 1.04; HL: 1.03; CI: 101; EL: 0.18; SL: 0.62; SI: 59; PW: 0.77; WL: 1.41; petH: -; petW: 0.57; GW 1.26. </p>
            <p> Related taxa. Affinity with  H. lioprocta is supported by the uniquely shared presence of Gastral II Spurs (see relevant key couplets, and above under “Morphology and phylogeny”), an apparent synapomorphy otherwise unknown in  Heteroponera (pers obs., and Feitosa, pers comm.). </p>
            <p>In-group sympatric associations. None known.</p>
            <p>Biogeography. Possibly endemic to the Conway Range (EA18) rainforests.</p>
            <p>Remarks. Some specimens, which are presumed to be sub-callow, have the gaster orange-brown.</p>
            <p> Etymology. Named to commend the accomplished entomologist and insect collector nonpareil Geoff Monteith of Queensland Museum, Brisbane. Alone or accompanied he acquired over 50 of the total  Heteroponera records reported in this paper. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/627587EEFFEC2A11DEE6F98A8ABBB4D0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Taylor, Robert W.	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFE82A12DEE6FAE68F6BB32C.text	627587EEFFE82A12DEE6FAE68F6BB32C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteroponera lioprocta	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 7.  Heteroponera lioprocta sp. n.</p>
            <p>(Figs 34–37, 38–41).</p>
            <p>Type locality. AUSTRALIA: QUEENSLAND: Mt Elliot summit (19°30'S, 146°58'E).</p>
            <p>Type deposition. Holotype ANIC. Paratypes in ANIC, QMBA.</p>
            <p>Distribution, material examined. Known only from rainforest at elevations above 1, 0 0 0 m on Mt Elliot, a 1,234 m peak about 25km SE of Townsville, as follows. EA17 (Mt Elliot): Mt Elliot, near summit, -19 30, 146 58, holotype, paratype gyne and workers, nest under stone, 1200 m (RWT, 4–5.vii.1977). Summit, -19 30, 146 57, workers, pitfall and intercept traps, 1, 150 m (DWC, 26 Mar–12 May 1991); workers, pitfall and intercept traps, rainforest (AG, Jan–Mar, 1991); workers, pitfall and intercept traps, fern glade (AG, Jan–Mar 1991). Northeast slope, -19 29, 146 58, 7 workers, QMBA berlesates 723, 724, rainforest litter, 1, 0 0 0 m (GBM &amp; GIT, 5 Dec 1986). North Creek, -19 30, 146 57, workers, pitfall &amp; dung traps, 1, 0 0 0 m (GBM &amp; GIT, 25–27 Mar 1991.</p>
            <p>Unless otherwise noted all samples are labeled “rainforest”. All specimens except the holotype have been labeled as paratypes.</p>
            <p> Worker diagnosis. General features, conformation, color and major sculpturation as in appropriate key couplets above and accompanying illustrations. Gastral II spurs present as defined above and marked in Figs 34 &amp; 36. Pronotal humeri narrowly rounded in dorsal view; humeral epaulets relatively poorly developed. Generally similar to the putatively related  H. monteithi (compare Figs). Node more-or-less rounded above; its summit extended posterodorsally to form an obtuse peak. Antennal scrobes as described for  H. monteithi , with a few additional fine punctae in the lateral scrobal areas. Propodeal declivity weakly but distinctly sculpturally margined laterally, the margin extended posterodorsally on each side to form a small propodeal-spine-like extension. Sculpturation of frons, mesosoma and petiole very distinctly less-heavily developed than in  H. monteithi . Propodeal declivity smooth and shining, lacking other sculptural elements. Sculpture of first gastral tergite resembling  H. monteithi , similarly point-punctate, but without supplementary larger punctural elements. The punctae more dense along the posterior margin of the sclerite, as in  H. monteithi . Dimensions (holotype; smallest paratype, largest paratype): TL (ca): 4.8, 0.42+, 4.8; HW: 1.06, 0.92, 1.10; HL: 1.08, 0.97, 1.09; CI: 98, 95, 99; EL: 0.21, 0.18, 0.24; SL: 0.66, 0.60, 0.66; SI: 62, 62, 60; PW: 0.79, 0.62, 0.78; WL: 1.23, 1.15, 1.38; petH: 0.77, 0.52, 0.75; petW: 0.46, 0.37, 0.46; GW: 0.99, 0.85, 0.96. </p>
            <p> Gyne: A single individual from a nest with workers. General features, conformation, color and major sculpturation as in Figs 38–41. Gaster less enlarged than in  H. relicta gynes. Three very small ocelli present. Gastral II spurs represented by appropriately placed small carinae (Fig. 40). The specimen could be callow, explaining its relatively very light coloration. Dimensions: TL (ca): 4.5; HW: 0.91; HL: 0.97; CI: 94; EL: 0.18; SL: 0.58; SI: 64; PW: 0.68; WL: 1.25; petH: 0.72; petW: 0.47; GW 1.07. </p>
            <p> Related taxa. See above under  H. monteithi</p>
            <p>In-group sympatric associations. None known.</p>
            <p>Biogeography. Apparently endemic to Mt Elliot, occupying a remarkably small distributional range.</p>
            <p> Remarks.  Heteroponera lioprocta is very common in the Mt Elliot summit rainforest, where there are notably few other ant species represented. </p>
            <p>Etymology. The name (a noun in apposition) refers to the smooth gastral dorsum.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/627587EEFFE82A12DEE6FAE68F6BB32C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Taylor, Robert W.	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFEB2A12DEE6FC7F8E63B7E2.text	627587EEFFEB2A12DEE6FC7F8E63B7E2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteroponera trachypyx	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 8.  Heteroponera trachypyx sp. n.</p>
            <p>(Figs 42–45).</p>
            <p>Type locality. AUSTRALIA: QUEENSLAND: McDowall Range (16°06'S, 145°20'E).</p>
            <p>Type deposition. Holotype ANIC. Paratypes ANIC, QMBA.</p>
            <p>Distribution, material examined. Known only from the following accessions (grid cells -15/145, -16/145 and -17/145). Unless otherwise indicated each a single worker. All samples collected (unless noted) by Berlese funnel sampling of rainforest leafmould or litter (usually “sieved”). EA1 (Mt Finnigan): Shiptons Flat, -15 48, 145 14, 2 workers (Davies &amp; Raven, 16–21.xi.1975). Mt Finnigan SF, -15 48, 145 17, moist litter pocket, 400 m (S. &amp; J. Peck, 3.vii.1982). EA2 (Thornton Peak): 12 Mile Scrub, Gap Creek, -15 50, 145 20 (Davies &amp; Raven, 22– 28.xi.1975). 3.5 km W of Cape Tribulation, Site 7, -16 0 5, 145 27, QMBA berlesate 440, 680m (GBM, DKY &amp; GIT, 2.x.1982). McDowall Range, -16 0 6, 145 20, QMBA berlesate 684, 520 m (GBM, 27.xi.1985)(Type Locality). Mt Sorrow, summit, -16 0 8, 145 26, 2 workers, QMBA berlesates 256, 262, 800 m (GBM, 15.x.1980). Table Mountain, -16 0 9, 145 26, 4 workers, QMBA berlesates 540, 542, 320m (GBM &amp; DWC, 24.iv.1983). Thornton Range, -16 14, 145 26, 100 m (RWT &amp; JDF, 24.vi.1971)— 2 workers, 150–180 m (RWT &amp; JDF, 23.vi.1971). Rex Ck, site 3, -16.28 4, 145 19 4, rainforest berlesate (C Burwell, 14 ii 2005).</p>
            <p> Worker diagnosis. General characteristics, conformation, coloration and major sculpturation as illustrated. Diagnostic features as in relevant key couplets above.  Heteroponera trachypyx is less darkly colored and sculptured than the other H. ecarinata- group species. Head and mesosoma more-or-less uniformly medium-dark brown, the gaster, mandibles, antennae and legs a shade lighter. Coloration overall similar to the sympatric species  H. rhodopygea and  H. viviennae . Propodeal declivity shining, microsculpture distinct to vestigial, with very fine radial microstriae. Dimensions: (holotype; smallest available specimen (12–mile Scrub), largest available specimen (Mt Sorrow summit)): TL (ca): 5.1, 4.4, 5.1; HW: 1.18, 1.11, 1.19; HL: 1.14, 1.06, 114; CI: 103, 104, 104; EL: 0.17, 0.16, 0.18; SL: 0.68, 0.61, 0.71; SI: 57, 57, 59; PW: 0.95, 0.84, 0.87; WL: 1.40, 1.40, 1.48; petH: 0.76, -, -; petW: 0.48, 0.52, 0.50; GW 1.04, 1.03, 1.04. </p>
            <p> Related taxa.  H. ecarinata and  H. pendergrasti at species-complex level. </p>
            <p> In-group sympatric associations. Sympatric with  H. rhodopygea at Mt Finnigan, Mt Sorrow and Thornton Range, and  H. rhodopygea +  H. viviennae in the Cape tribulation area and Mc Dowall Range. </p>
            <p> Biogeography. Known only from the northern EAs 1 &amp; 2, distantly allopatric from the other known  ecarinata - group species. </p>
            <p>Remarks. Variation in coloration suggests a prolonged callow to sub-callow period in workers.</p>
            <p>Etymology. The name, a noun in apposition, refers to the coarse sculpturation of the first gastral tergite.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/627587EEFFEB2A12DEE6FC7F8E63B7E2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Taylor, Robert W.	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFE52A1CDEE6FF668FD3B61E.text	627587EEFFE52A1CDEE6FF668FD3B61E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteroponera ecarinata	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 9.  Heteroponera ecarinata sp. n.</p>
            <p>(Figs 46–49).</p>
            <p> Type locality. AUSTRALIA: QUEENSLAND:  Bellenden Ker Range : 1 km S of cable tower 6 (17°16S, 145°53'E). </p>
            <p>Type deposition. Holotype ANIC. Paratypes ANIC, QMBA.</p>
            <p> Distribution, material examined. EA8 (Walsh/Hugh Nelson Range): Mt Fisher, -17 33, 145.33, 3 workers, QMBA berlesates 577, 578, 1000 m (GBM &amp; GKY, 3.v.1981). EA10 (  Bellenden Ker ):  Bellenden Ker Range, Cable Tower 3, -17 16, 145 53, pitfall trap, 1054 m (Earthwatch/Qld Museum, 25–31.x.1981)—worker paratypes. 1 km S of cable tower 6, QMBA berlesate 312, 314, 500 m (Earthwatch/Qld Museum, 17–24.x.1981)— Holotype, worker paratype. 1/ 2 km S of cable tower 7, yellow pan trap, rainforest, 500 m (Earthwatch/Qld Museum, 17– 24.x.1981). EA12 (Walter Hill Range): Mt Father Clancy, -17 35, 145 38, QMBA berlesate 581, 840 m (GKY &amp; GBM, 4.v.1983). Crawfords Lookout (-17 37, 145 48), 2 workers ex ANIC Berlesate 361 (RWT &amp; JDF, 5.vii.1971, c 320 m). Upper Boulder Creek (11 km NW of Tully), -17 50, 145 45, QMBA berlesate 675, 1000 m (GBM, Davies &amp; GIT, 16.vii.1984). Mt Tyson, (2 km W of Tully), -17 55, 145 54, 3 workers, QMBA berlesate 586, 588, 650m (DKY, 7.v.1983). Paratype designation restricted to  Bellenden Ker specimens. </p>
            <p> Worker diagnosis. General features, conformation, color and major sculpturation as illustrated and in appropriate key couplets above. Characterized in the  H. ecarinata species complex by relatively heavy sculpturation, dark blackish-brown color, with dark reddish-brown legs and antennae, and distinguished from the somewhat similar  H. pendergrasti by differences in sculpturation (particularly of the frons and second gastral tergite), coloration and structure of petiolar node. Fore-coxae, propodeal declivity and posterior surface of node superficially microsculptured; propodeal declivity laterally distinctly, but not strongly, sculpturally bordered: the posterolateral edges in profile more-or-less regular and even, not serrate as a result of minutely extended cuticular points along the sculptural border. Most specimens apart from the  Bellenden Ker series have the petiolar summit weakly pointed posterodorsally, and some appear not to be fully colored, possibly sub-callow. The gaster in these is lighter brown than the remaining body (and also the mesosoma in two cases). The propodeal declivity is unsculptured in most specimens, but microsculptured in several. Dimensions: (holotype, smallest available specimen (Crawfords Lookout) largest available specimen (Mt Father Clancy): TL (ca): 5.1, 4.9, 5.2; HW: 1.23, 1.19, 1.29; HL: 1.16, 1.13, 1.20; CI: 106, 105, 108; EL: 0.22, 0.21, 0.21; SL: 0.70, 0.70, 0.74; SI: 57, 59, 57; PW: 0.91, 0.90, 0.98; WL: 1.55, 1.56, 1.60; petH: 0.73, 0.75, 0.74; petW: 0.52, 0.50, 0.50; GW 1.04, 1.04, 1.07. </p>
            <p> Related taxa. Apparently close to the broadly similar  H. pendergrasti and to  H. trachypyx at species-complex level </p>
            <p> In-group sympatric associations. Sympatric with  H. relicta in the Bellenden-Ker Range and at Mt Fisher, Mt Father Clancy, McNamee Creek and Upper Boulder Creek. </p>
            <p> Remarks. Mt  Bellenden Ker , which at 1,593m is second in Queensland elevation only to the adjacent Mt Bartel Frere (the second-highest Australian mountain after Mt Kosciusco, NSW). Both peaks are in the largely rainforested Wooroonooran National Park. The  Bellenden Ker summit regularly receives Australian record rainfall, up to 12,438.4 mm (489.70 in). </p>
            <p>Etymology. The species epithet, a noun in apposition, refers to the ecarinate antennal scrobes,</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/627587EEFFE52A1CDEE6FF668FD3B61E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Taylor, Robert W.	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
627587EEFFE52A19DEE6F9A38A04B3DC.text	627587EEFFE52A19DEE6F9A38A04B3DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteroponera pendergrasti	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 10.  Heteroponera pendergrasti sp. n.</p>
            <p>(Figs 50–53).</p>
            <p>Type locality. AUSTRALIA: QUEENSLAND: NE Lamb Range (11 km SE Mareeba), -17 0 6, 145 34. Type deposition. Holotype ANIC. Paratypes in ANIC, QMBA.</p>
            <p>Distribution, material examined. EA7 (Lamb Range): Mt Tiptree, -17 0 3, 145 37, (B. Halliday, 13.vi.1984), worker— 900 m (RWT &amp; JDF, 29.vi.1971), worker paratype -17 0 3, 145 38, 730 m (RWT &amp; JDF, 29.vi.1971), worker paratype. Mt Edith, Lamb Range, -17 0 6, 145 37, QMBA berlesate 465, 1140 m (GBM, DKY &amp; GIT, 11.x.1982) holotype, worker paratype. NE Lamb Range (11 km SE of Mareeba), -17 0 6, 145 34, QMBA berlesates 804, 822, rainforest moss, 1200 m 11.xi.1988 (GBM, GIT), holotype, 4 worker paratypes. Upper Isley Creek, -17 0 3, 145 41, trees &amp; logs, pyrethrum, 750 m (GBM &amp; Janetzki, 29.xi.1993).</p>
            <p> Worker diagnosis. General features, conformation, color and major sculpturation as illustrated and in appropriate key couplets above. Characterized in the  H. ecarinata species complex by heavy sculpturation, dark blackish color, with dark brown legs and antennae, and distinguished from the similar  H. ecarinata by differences in sculpturation (particularly of the frons and second gastral tergite), coloration and structure of the petiolar node. Fore-coxae and posterior surface of node superficially microsculptured; propodeal declivity shining, with weak, superficial dorsally-directed radial striae; its sides distinctly sculpturally bordered, the posterolateral edge in profile micro-serrate as a result of minutely extended cuticular points along the sculptural border. Sculpturation of second gastral tergite more distinctly longitudinally deployed than in  H. ecarinata (refer Figs). Dimensions: (holotype; smallest available specimen, largest available specimen (both Mt): TL (ca): 5.1, 4.8, 5.1; HW: 1.23, 1.18, 1.23; HL: 1.19, 1.17, 1.18; CI: 103, 100, 104; EL: 0.16, 0.16, 1.18; SL: 0.71, 0.69, 0.70; SI: 57, 58, 57; PW: 0.86, 0.86, 0.90;WL: 1.54, 1.49, 1.58; petH: 0.85, 0.79, 0.90; petW: 0.46, 0.47, 0.47; GW 0.99, 0.96, 1.03. </p>
            <p> Related taxa. See above under  H. ecarinata . </p>
            <p> In-group sympatric associations.  Heteroponera relicta and  H. pendergrasti are both present in QMBA Berlesate 804. </p>
            <p> Biogeography. known only from Lamb Range, the northern rampart of the Atherton Tableland.  H. pendergrasti is possibly endemic there. Note the frequency of accessions by various collectors, and the absence of records in the well-known, generally well collected and more frequently visited nearby EA9, Atherton Tableland and EA6 Black Mountain localities. </p>
            <p>Remarks. The apically sub-dentate petiolar node is (probably homoplasiously and convergently) similar to those of some Neotropical species (Brown 1958; Feitosa 2011).</p>
            <p>Etymology. Named for Professor J.G. (Jim) Pendergrast of Auckland, New Zealand, my first teacher in Zoology at both High School and (in a later position) at The University of Auckland, where he supervised my M.Sc. degree.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/627587EEFFE52A19DEE6F9A38A04B3DC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Taylor, Robert W.	Taylor, Robert W. (2015): Australasian ants of the subfamily Heteroponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): (2) the species-group of Heteroponera relicta (Wheeler), with descriptions of nine new species and observations on morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa 3947 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.1
