taxonID	type	description	language	source
5C37A735FFFFBA64FF28B391F204D4AB.taxon	materials_examined	Type species by original designation: Bulimus moritzianus Pfeiffer, 1847.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFFFBA64FF28B391F204D4AB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Venezuela, Colombia.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFFFBA64FF28B391F204D4AB.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The inclusion of this genus within Amphibulimidae is not yet confirmed by molecular data. It is placed here only on the basis of the close conchological and anatomical similarities with Plekocheilus.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFFFBA67FF28B170F668D077.taxon	materials_examined	Material.?, Colombia (BMNH). Venezuela, Sucre, Cumaná: USNM 307480 (J. H. Redfield Colln); Miranda, Caracas: ZMUZ 511561 (ex A. Wagner 1853, ex A. Mousson); “ Venezuela ”: CM 62.4691 (W. D. Hartman Colln), USNM 105214 (I. Lea Colln), UMMZ 13831 (F. Stearns Colln), UMMZ 144473 (J. E. Linter leg., B. Walker Colln), UMMZ 144474 (J. H. Ponsonby Colln).	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFFFBA67FF28B170F668D077.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Richardson (1995: 199) ascribed Bulimus caripensis to Mousson, evidently an error for Martens, 1873. The latter author referred this name to Valenciennes, based on a label in the Paris museum with H. Cuming as source. He also referred to Jonas (1846: pl. 11 fig. 16). Tello (1975) has summarized previous records from literature in his catalogue; however, these listings must be treated with great caution as they have not been confirmed. Although Abbott (1989) mentioned this species as distributed in Colombia, we have not recognized it among Colombian material.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFFDBA66FF28B7EBF7DCD347.taxon	materials_examined	Material.?, U. S. Colombia (Pilsbry 1895 [1895 – 1896], on account of the H. Cuming collection); “ Colombia ” (Abbott 1989); “ Neu Granada: ” ZMB 65920 (paralectotypes), MCZ 222357; “ New Granada: ” UMMZ 144476 (Ponsonby Colln). Venezuela, Pedregosa: UMMZ 144494 (Ponsonby Colln).	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFFDBA66FF28B7EBF7DCD347.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Köhler (2007: 128, fig. 11) gave a figure of a paralectotype (ZMB 65920) that shows an atypically thin peristome for a species of this genus. The position of Pedregosa, Venezuela is uncertain. There are at least two Venezuelan towns called Pedregosa, one in Estado Mérida (69 m), and one in Estado Falcón (138 m). We cannot decide which locality is more likely without additional information. No precise locations are known for this species.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFFDBA66FF28B5E1F60AD526.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Venezuela, Mérida, Capas [Capaz]: USNM 603094 (paratype); mountains La Paz [misspelling for Capaz?], 2000 m, A. Gabaldon leg.: USNM 109534; Torondoy mountains, 1600 m, Gabaldon leg.: USNM 109535. Altitudinal range. The localities reported here range from 1600 – 2000 m.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFFDBA66FF28B5E1F60AD526.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The type material of both D. jubeus and D. guerini show some differences, viz. D. jubeus has (1) a more pointed spire; (2) a broader, whitish parietal callus; and (3) a pinkish lip. We tentatively consider D. jubeus a valid taxon.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFF2BA69FF28B7EBF327D235.taxon	materials_examined	Material.?, “ U. S. Colombia: ” USNM 317378 (ex J. B. Henderson, ex E. D. Evezard); Colombia: CMC C 11035 (as Strophocheilus pardalis). Venezuela, Aragua, Colonia Tovar, 6000 ft [~ 1800 m]: CM 100139; Rancho Grande Biological Station: UMMZ 208411 (cloud forest, F. H. Test leg. / 1960), USNM 668197 (3576 ft [~ 1070 m], C. Handley leg. / 1960); Miranda, Chacaíto Gorge near Caracas, H. Pittier leg.: USNM 349050; El Junquito, Caracas, G. Marcuzzi leg. / 1948: USNM 592900; Rio Grande del Tuy, above Paparo, 330 ft [~ 100 m], Pittier leg.: USNM 252684; Pico Naiguata,> 5000 ft [~> 1500 m], E. G. Holt leg. / 1929: CM 100138; Trujillo, Valera, “ (bushes) ” [on bushes?], Pittier leg.: USNM 349051.?, Between Caracas and Puerto Cabello, Pittier leg.: USNM 336121.?, “ Venezuela: ” USNM 307474 (Redfield Colln, as Dryptus venezuelensis (Nyst, 1845 )), CM 62.2559 (Hartman Colln), CMC C 11143, UMMZ 144540 (ex Rolle). Altitudinal range. The localities reported here range from 100 – 1800 m.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFF2BA69FF28B7EBF327D235.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Presence in Colombia uncertain. Simone (2006) listed this taxon as uncertain from Brazil, based on one (mislabeled?) lot in the Philadelphia collection. Tello (1975) mentioned this species from Edo. Barinas, Carabobo and Guárico. Collected “ on bushes, ” suggesting a partly semi-arboreal habit.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFF2BA68FF28B409F581D1C7.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Arauca, “ Alto Arauca ” [= Upper Rio Arauca]: DMNH 128665 (R. W. Jackson Colln), ANSP 220773 (B. R. Bales Colln); Casanare, Tamara, Colombia [either Támara, or Tamaná, see remarks], A. A. Olsson leg. / 1943: ANSP 180086; Norte de Santander, “ Sta. Librada (Sarare) ” [= Santa Librada], R. P. E. Rochereau leg. / 1937: DMNH 128666; Pamplona (Pilsbry 1895 [1895 – 1896]); humid region south of the Cucuta of Tama [Tamá], Hno. Nicéforo María leg.: ANSP 168416.?, Colombia: FMNH 31040, RBINS, ZMH 7346, ZMH 7347, UF 22129 (not seen).?, “ U. S. of Colombia: ” CM 62.4690; “ Andes, New Granada, ” Margnier leg. / 1849: ZMUZ 511563; “ New Granada: ” ANSP 3577 – 3579, 32901, 50486, ZMUZ 511573 (Hoffmann leg. / 1851), UMMZ 144495 (Ponsonby Colln). Venezuela. Mérida, Capas [Capaz], 2000 m, J. R. Tomlin leg.: UMMZ 144492; Miranda?, Caracas: ZMB; “ Venezuela: ” CM 62.4689 (Hartman Colln), UMMZ 144497 (as Strophocheilus moritzianus wilsoni Pilsbry; ex Tomlin, ex Ponsonby, ex Rolle), CM 62.30565 (ex Rolle).	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFF2BA68FF28B409F581D1C7.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Regarding the collection locality of DMNH 12866 [Sta. Librada (Sarare)], there are places called Santa Librada in Quindío, Tolima, Vichada, and Cundinamarca. However, several reasons lead us to believe that the location in question is in the eastern plains of Colombia, and probably in Norte de Santander: (1) all other confirmed Colombian records for this species, and most of the species of Dryptus come from the lowlands of that region, and from Venezuela; (2) this species has not been collected in Quindío, Tolima or Cundinamarca; (3) a region known as “ región del Sarare ” in the Cordillera Oriental (Eastern Range of the Andes), and “ Sarare, Santa Librada, 1300 – 1600 m ” are localities from which paratypic collections of ferns, Danae betancurii A. Rojas, 2009 have been reported (Rojas-Alvarado 2009 a). Thus, we place lots labeled Santa Librada and Santa Librada (Sarare) within Norte de Santander. We are aware that there is a Santa Librada in Vichada, and a location called El Sarare in Arauca within ~ 150 km of each other, both at less than 200 m of elevation. Of note is that if Rochereau’s actual collection localitites were in Arauca / Vichada, they would still be consistent with a distribution of this species in the eastern plains of Colombia, including equivalent elevations. Likewise, there are several locations called Támara, or Tamaná, in various departments of Colombia (Casanare, Boyacá, Tolima); we consider that it is more likely either Quebrada Támara, or Cerro Tamaná, both in Norte de Santander. In addition to the Venezuelan distribution indicated here, Tello (1975) listed Puerto Cabello (Edo. Carabobo), and Edo. Trujillo as localities for this species.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFF3BA6BFF28B3DEF7FFD2FF.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Cesar, foothills of Sierra de Perijá, 10 – 30 km E of Becerril, El Roncón, B. Malkin leg. / 1968 – 1969: FMNH 163692 – 163694; Socorpa Mission trail [approx. 09 ° 47 ’ N 73 ° 02 ’ W, 1350 m; see Harvey et al. 2008], Becerril, Sierra de Perijá, Malkin leg. / 1968: FMNH 159207; Guajira, [Arroyo] Potrero de Venancio, 1100 m [not seen] (Breure 1984); hills S of Carraipía, O. L. Haught leg. / 1943: USNM 599500; near Carraipía, Haught leg.: USNM 543494; vicinity of Carraipía, Haught leg. / 1947: MCZ 183880; Norte de Santander, Cúcuta, Hno. Nicéforo María leg. / 1936: ANSP 168419; Hacienda Villa Felisa, 18 km S of Cúcuta, 1100 ft [~ 333 m, erroneous; actual elevation approx. 560 m], M. A. Carriker leg. / 1947: USNM 590659; Palogordo, Táchira Valley, S of Cúcuta, 4500 – 5500 ft [~ 1360 – 1660 m], Carriker leg. / 1947: USNM 590635; Petrolia [sic, = Petrólea], Olsson leg. / 1935: ANSP 166132; Petrólea, near sea level, Carriker leg.: USNM 517813; Ocaña, G. Wallis leg. / 1875: ZMUZ 511536; Buenos Aires, Highway Abrego – Sardinata, 6000 – 7000 ft [~ 1800 – 2120 m], Carriker leg. / 1947: USNM 486845; “ Sta Librada ” [= Santa Librada] (Sarare), Rochereau leg. / 1937: DMNH 141725; Santander, La Baja (Baker 1926).?, New Granada: CMC C 11024. Venezuela, Táchira, La Fría, H. B. Baker leg.: UMMZ 244280;?, 120 km E of Pamplona, Hno. Nicéforo María leg.: ANSP 170736. Altitudinal range. The localities reported here range between “ near sea level ” and 2435 m.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFF3BA6BFF28B3DEF7FFD2FF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Bulimus leptochilus Pfeiffer, 1848 and Bulimus lindeni Reeve, 1848 were placed in the synonymy of this species by Pilsbry (1895: 40). The type locality for both is “ La Baja, Province of Pamplona. ” Richardson (1995: 202) was the first to group Bulimus plumbeus Pfeiffer, 1855, hitherto considered a species of Thaumastus Albers, 1860, together with Dryptus pardalis. See also the remarks under D. moritzianus, some records of which might be misidentified given that these species are closely related. There seem to be two distinct shapes of what is referred to as Dryptus pardalis: (1) some are cigar-shaped, tapering about evenly at either side, with the central part having near-parallel outlines; and (2) some with the spire substantially less wide, and the body whorl wider, so the whole shell is more “ bulimuliform ” in appearance. In addition, there is substantial variation in sculpture, with some specimens being nearly smooth (even fresh ones), and others are very sculptured. Two samples are tentatively referred to this species. One is from near Cúcuta (UVZ 8101), corresponding to the second shape variation above. The other is a lot from Guajira, near Carraipía, (USNM 543492). While these specimens look very different from other Dryptus, they might be misshapen D. pardalis. Specifically, they are too short, and have a very globose last whorl, which includes a much shorter aperture. One of the specimens has a strong parietal callus. Two reasons make it probable that they are D. pardalis: (1) this species is known from the same locality (it is the only Dryptus known from Guajira); (2) two other lots of D. pardalis are known from Carraipía: USNM 543494 (2 specimens) and USNM 599500 (1 specimen). Furthermore, one could argue that the deformed specimens are shorter and globose due to climatic differences. Interestingly, the spire is not globose, it seems to be just the body whorl having this characteristic. However, the following arguments are against this classification: (1) two specimens are available and both are somewhat similarly misshapen; (2) these individuals are umbilicate (more so than any specimen of D. pardalis); (3) neither one has much of a columellar fold. As is the case for several other species of Dryptus, D. pardalis may be widely distributed in Venezuela; Tello (1975) listed four Venezuelan Estados (states) in the distribution of this species, including Táchira and Zulia (bordering with Colombia), with Cumaná (Sucre) being the easternmost record. However, these records are in need of critical review.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFF0BA6BFF28B343F5C9D47F.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Caldas, Manzanares, L. Richter leg. / 1942: UMMZ 16255); Cundinamarca, Fusagasugá, 1700 m: ZMB. Remarks. Manzanares (~ 2463 m) is the first record for this species, after the type collection. D. stuebeli is so far the most westerly distributed species of Dryptus.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFF0BA6BFF28B2C3F312D794.taxon	materials_examined	Type species by monotypy: Caprella undulata Guilding 1828 = Voluta aurissileni Born, 1780.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFF0BA6BFF28B2C3F312D794.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The classification within this genus is based on Breure (1979). Additional preliminary phylogenetic data corroborate the current subdivision into subgenera (Breure, unpublished data).	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFF1BA6AFF28B40BF4EAD6E7.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Venezuela, Barinas, Serranía de Santo Domingo, Jackson Colln, 3000 ft [~ 1000 m, in error?]: DMNH 148721, USNM 109523 (Gabaldon leg., 3000 m); Mérida, Chachopo: BMNH; between Chachopo and Timote, C. Beets leg. / 1953: RMNH; Mérida, Jackson Colln: DMNH 160801;? Mérida, Escorial Mountains, A. Gabaldon & sons leg.: USNM 206502 (8400 ft [~ 2520 m]), USNM 206504 (9600 ft [~ 2880 m]); Glorial: DMNH 141740; “ Mérida: ” UMMZ 147737 (ex Rolle); “ Menda ” (sic): UMMZ 147736, 242815;? Miranda, Caracas, ex M. L. Jaume: CMC C 13777.?, San Domingo: UMMZ 242814 (Marsh Colln), UMMZ 147735; “ Venezuela: ” CMC C 11004 – 11006, USNM 109526; New Granada: ANSP 66405, ANSP 66408, BMNH (ex Cuming), ZMUZ 511641 [not seen], ZMUZ 511642 [not seen]. Altitudinal range. The localities reported here range between 2520 and 3000 m (see remarks).	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFF1BA6AFF28B40BF4EAD6E7.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The date of first publication mentioned by Richardson (1995) is erroneous. He cited “ 1847 Philippi, Abbild. Beschr. neuer Conchyl. 3: 20, pl. 8 figs 5, 9 (1851) ”. However, P. veranyi is mentioned on page 36, under the heading “ Bulimus. Tab. VIII. Januar 1849. ” Thus the first valid publication was in Pfeiffer (1848 a). Of the taxa grouped under this species by Richardson (1995: 324), we consider P. cathcartiae and P. quadricolor to be distinct species. This species is very similar to P. delicatus, but differs in being decidedly smaller. Colombian material, labeled as P. veranyi, should all be considered P. delicatus. Two reasons lead us to believe that the altitude of DMNH 148721 (3000 ft) may be in error: (1) Another lot from the same location (USNM 109523) is clearly labeled with an elevation of 3000 meters; (2) All known species of the subgenus Aeropictus, similar to P. succineoides, are known only from high elevations, mainly páramo (i. e., 2500 m and above); if correct, 3000 ft would be by far the lowest elevation known for any species in this group, which we consider unlikely. We have been unable to trace the localities “ Glorial ” and “ Escorial Mountains; ” the latter, may refer to a location near Páramo El Escorial (~ 3000 m), or near the town of El Escorial (~ 3100 m), both within the Sierra Nevada de Mérida. Tello (1975) included P. succinoides [sic] in his list of Venezuelan land snails (cf. Weyrauch), apparently as a misinterpretation of a portion of Weyrauch’s (1967) description of the subgenus Orcesiellus. Contrary to Tello (1975: 201), we consider it likely that the species mentioned from Mérida by this author is P. veranyi (Pfeiffer).	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFF1BA6AFF28B56AF5B8D237.taxon	materials_examined	Type species by original designation: Bulimus veranyi Pfeiffer, 1848.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFF1BA6AFF28B56AF5B8D237.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Venezuela,? Brazil,? Peru, Ecuador, Colombia.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFF1BA6AFF28B56AF5B8D237.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The following species are treated from the study area: P. (A.) veranyi, P. (A.) quadricolor, P. (A.) cathcartiae, P. (A.) calliostoma, P. (A.) tenuissimus, P. (A.) delicatus, P. (A.) succineoides succineoides, P. (A.) s. cleeforum, P. (A.) s. zilchi and P. (A.) guentheri.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFF6BA6DFF28B23BF612D67C.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Antioquia, Piedras Blancas, Corregimiento Santa Elena, Medellín, 2200 m, J. C. Gutiérrez leg.: UAM; Valle del Cauca, Parque Nacional Farallones de Cali, Campamento Corea, 2500 – 2600 m: UVZ 82292 (under leaves of Cyclanthaceae, Vasquez leg. / 1982), UVZ 106 (leg. / 1980), UVZ 82021 (M. Giraldo & C. Restrepo leg. / 1982), UVZ 82283 (on leaf of Araceae, C. Restrepo leg. / 1982), UVZ 82285 (C. Restrepo leg. / 1982), CMC C 13263 (F. J. Borrero leg. / 2007). Altitudinal range. 2200 – 2600 m.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFF6BA6DFF28B23BF612D67C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species seems to be restricted to the Cordillera Occidental. A record from Fusagasugá (Cundinamarca, Cordillera Oriental, ANSP 174435, Hno. Apolinar María leg., as P. (A) latilabris) is only tentatively referred to this species. It has been reported to occur on leaves of low, smooth-leaf plants (Cyclanthaceae, Araceae).	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFF6BA6DFF28B5B0F695D5E7.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Norte de Santander, 18 km S of Cúcuta, Carriker leg. / 1947: USNM 590661.?, Colombia, ex H. C. Fulton: USNM 532645 (as Eurytus cathcartiae Reeve, “ cotype ”); New Granada: ZMUZ 511654 [not seen], BMNH Acc. no. 1829 (Cuming Colln). Venezuela, Mérida: BMNH 1975288; “ Venezuela, ” van Lansberge leg.: RMNH.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFF6BA6DFF28B5B0F695D5E7.taxon	discussion	Remarks. USNM 590661 is the first record for this species with a precise locality in Colombia, although an elevation cannot be assessed with certainty. However, locations at approximately the stated distance from Cúcuta in a S and SW direction range 400 to under 1500 m. We consider this a low elevation in comparison with other species of P. (Aeropictus); it is also possible that the locality data are not accurate. Richardson (1995) grouped P. cathcartiae (Reeve) and P. quadricolor (Pfeiffer) together with P. veranyi (Pfeiffer). However, P. veranyi is always smaller than P. cathcartiae and confined to the Mérida area in Venezuela; P. quadricolor is different in shell shape, being more elongate.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFF6BA6DFF28B7EBF252D36B.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Venezuela, Mérida, Chachopo: BMNH 1975283, BMNH 1975284 / 2 (paralectotypes); Nevados, 3000 m, Gabaldón leg. / 1903: USNM 109525; Sierra Nevada mountains, 6000 ft [~ 1800 m], Gabaldon & sons leg.: USNM 206483. Altitudinal range. The localities reported comprise a range of 1800 – 3000 m.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFF6BA6DFF28B7EBF252D36B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is more elongated than P. veranyi, with which it is sympatric. The lectotype is nearly devoid of the ‘ air pockets’ typical for Aeropictus and looks at first glance more like some Eurytus species (e. g. P. (E.) juliani Haas, 1955 from Venezuelan Guayana; see Breure 2009). However, the paralectotypes show these ‘ air pockets’ more strongly. The Colombian reference to this species by Abbott (1989: 95) is probably an error.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFF4BA6FFF28B486F23AD47D.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Ecuador, Pichincha, Tandayapa, ca. 2500 m, L. Ponce leg.: FML 3364.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFF4BA6FFF28B486F23AD47D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Plekocheilus tenuissimus was hitherto only known from the type specimen. Recently some material was collected (A. González, pers. comm.), tentatively identified as this species, which suggests that this taxon also occurs in northern Ecuador (Prov. Carchí, El Laurel, 2500 m). Further evidence is needed to confirm its presence in northwestern Ecuador and its relationship with P. calliostoma, to which it may prove to be closely allied.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFF4BA6EFF28B2CBF4B6D389.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Boyacá, Alto de Verea Suscon, ~ 7 km NW Sogamoso, 2850 m, Olsson leg. / 1935: ANSP 166110, FMNH 78740; between Toca and Pesca, ~ 9 km W Toca, ca. 10,500 ft [~ 3150 m], Olsson leg.: ANSP 180297; Iguaque (Medina & Arias 2007); Cundinamarca, Soacha: ANSP (10 km SW Bogotá, Hno. Apolinar María & V. Guevara leg. / pre- 1935), DMNH 148704 (Jackson Colln, on Opuntia ficus-indica Müller), DMNH 76765 (C. L. Richardson Colln), RMNH (found on Opuntia sp., A. S. H. Breure leg. / 1975); km 1 Variante Soacha, J. E. Espitia leg. / 2008: MLSB; near Mosquera: RMNH; Soacha, near Bogotá: FMNH 86665; arid zone S Mosquera, 2580 m, J. A. Ramos leg. / 1965: DMNH 66968; SW Mosquera: ZMN 4003 (arid SW slope with sandstone rocks and Opuntia at the shore of Laguna de La Herrera, 2610 m, B. Hausdorf leg. / 2000), ZMH 4012 (arid S slope with sandstone rocks and Opuntia near the Aso Gas station, 2680 m, Hausdorf leg. / 2000); Mosquera, arid zone around Laguna La Herrera, among bushes of Agave sp. and Puya sp., 2632 m, M. Vera leg. / 2003: ICNB 1151; Zambrinsky [W Mosquera], arid N slope with sandstone rocks and Opuntia, 2630 m., Hausdorf leg. / 2000: ZMH 4011; Sabana de Bogata [= Bogotá]: ANSP 220447, DMNH 76771, UVZ 83019; Vereda El Vijón; La Calera, Escuela de Caballería; La Calera, Cementos Samper (all C. I. Medina pers. comm.); Laguna de Hernández, Sabana de Bogotá, 2650 m, Medem leg. / 1958: FMNH 114074 (as P. veranyi); Mondeñedo, above Mosquera, Sabana de Bogotá, 2600 – 2700 m, J. Carvajal leg. / 1957: FMNH 114112; Bogotá, Distrito Especial: DMNH 83709, 160230, 160232, 162165, FMNH 125490, 126937, 202079, UF 109987 (not seen); Sabana de Bogotá, Cerro de La Herrera near Laguna de La Herrera, 2600 – 2700 m, found on Opuntia schulmanni and Solanum lycioides: ANSP 323504; Laguna de Herrera, 2600 m, R. Jaramillo leg.: RMNH; La Herrera near Bogotá, Hno. Apolinar María leg.: MCZ 134971; about 29 km W Bogotá along the road from Mosquera to La Mesa, 2675 m, Breure leg. / 1975: RMNH; Represa de Vitelma, near Bogotá, C. Uribe leg.: MCZ 157451. Altitudinal range. 2200 – 3150 m.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFF4BA6EFF28B2CBF4B6D389.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Hausdorf (pers. comm.) considers, given the variability of both species, P. delicatus as a synonym of P. succineoides (Petit de la Saussaye, 1840). However, we do find consistent differences between the two and treat them here as separate taxa. P. delicatus has been found on and among cacti (Opuntia spp.), and other plants typical of semi-arid conditions (Solanum lycioides, Agave sp., and Puya sp.).	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFF5BA6EFF28B598F47ED2E5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Under this heading we are grouping together the following taxa: P. succineoides (Petit de la Saussaye, 1840), P. latilabris (Pfeiffer, 1855), P. cleeforum Breure, 1977 and P. zilchi Breure, 1977. The latter two are tentatively treated as subspecies, awaiting further detailed studies of these taxa using morphological, anatomical and molecular characteristics. We follow the original spelling of this species’ name (after Petit de la Saussaye, 1840): succineoides. A misspelling of this name (viz. succinoides) has been used widely and is therefore better known, but differs from the original name and must be considered incorrect.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFF5BA71FF28B336F3EDD3DF.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Antioquia, Alto de Belmira [approx. 3100 m], in bromeliad, J. J. Estrada leg. / 2000: UAM; Boyacá, Páramo de la Rusia, 3400 – 3600 m: ZMA (A. M. Cleef leg.); Páramo Vado Hondo, 3600 m: ZMA (A. M. Cleef leg.); Km 78, 1 km NE of Laguna Colorada (Breure 1977); Páramo de La Sarna, between Sogamoso and Bado Hondo, ~ 3500 m (Breure 1977); Páramo de La Sarna, 5 km NE Laguna de Tota (Breure 1977); Quebrada Chuza, between Páramo de Palacio and Páramo de Chingaza, 3600 m, J. E. Guevara leg. / 1978: RMNH; 10 km NE Villa de Leyva, 2350 m, Breure leg. / 1975: RMNH; S of Villa de Leyva, small gorge near quarry, 2350 m, Hausdorf leg. / 2000: ZMH 4117; Villa de Leyva, oak forest near Manantiales de Iguaque in Vereda Capilla I, W slope, 2600 m, Hausdorf leg. / 2000: ZMH 4200; Iguaque Reserve (Medina and Arias 2007); Muzo: UMMZ 147730 (ex Rolle); Cauca, Rio Cauca valley: SMF 45635; Cundinamarca, Páramo de Sumapáz, H. von Prahl leg. / 1979: UVZ 81135; Neusa (60 km NW Bogota), ~ 3500 m, leg. / 1985: RMNH; Mosquera, near Laguna La Herrera, on Opuntia sp. cacti, O. Rangel leg. / 1981: ICNB; Mosquera, P. Creutzberg leg. / 1968: RMNH; Páramo Laguna Verde, 3600 m, Cleef leg.: ZMA; Páramo de Palacio, 3100 – 3200 m, H. Sturm leg.: SMF 245384; Páramo de Palacio, 6 km SE chalk mine, 3500 m, T. van der Hammen leg.: ZMA; Páramo de Palacio, Laguna de Siecha, 3700 m, Cleef leg.: RMNH; Páramo de Palacio, 3 km S Laguna de Siecha, 3600 – 3650 m, J. Hernandez leg. / 1958: FMNH 114111 (as P. calliostoma); Páramo de Palacio, Hoya Quebrada Chuza, Cleef leg. / 1972: ZMA; Lagunas de Buitrago, 3600 m, Cleef leg.: RMNH; Páramo between Cogua and San Cayetano, around Laguna Seca (observed by Cleef teste Breure 1977, not seen); Finca Chueca near Facatativá, ca. 40 km W Bogotá, 2700 m, H. Löscher leg.: SMF 242140 (not seen); Facatativá, 2700 m: ZMUZ 511645 (not seen); Páramo de Monserrate, Sturm leg.: SMF 245385; Páramo between Monserrate and La Calera, 3200 m, Sturm leg.: SMF 245386; mountainside W of Laguna Muña, SW of Bogotá, 2600 – 2700 m, van der Hammen leg.: ZMA; Sitio Tequendama I, Soacha: ZMA; La Calera, Escuela de Caballería (Medina pers. comm.); La Calera, just NE Bogotá, Haught leg.: USNM 488855; Plain of Bogotá [= Sabana de Bogotá]: ANSP 66435 (ex T. Bland); Guasca, N Bogotá: Femorale 52256; Bogotá: BMNH Acc. no. 1829 (Cuming Colln), ZMUZ 511643 [not seen], CM 42432 (W. Newcomb leg., G. H. Clapp Colln), CMC C 13492 (ex Fulton), FMNH 414, FMNH 158889, RMNH, SMF 21611, SMF 242139, USNM 713045, USNM 316121, USNM 316122, UMMZ 147729 (ex Tomlin & Hno. Apolinar María), USNM 124663 (partim); Near Bogotá: CM 90284 (ex Da Costa, leg. / 1900). “ Near Bogotá, Colombia. Extinct? ” (Abbott 1989).?, Colombia: BMNH 1894.12.19.7, FMNH 31063; “ US Colombia: ” USNM 532643 (ex Fulton, as Auris (Eurytus) calliostoma). Altitudinal range. 2350 – 3750 m.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFF5BA71FF28B336F3EDD3DF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Breure (1978) was inconclusive about the taxonomic position of P. latilabris (Pfeiffer, 1855). Having seen now ample material, we synonymize this taxon with P. succineoides (Petit de la Saussaye, 1840). The record from Cauca remains puzzling, as it is based on one lot only and may have been mislabeled. Also a record from Peru (Dept. Cajamarca, SW Chachapoyas and Cajamarca, G. E. Mason leg., SMF 21612 (Breure 1977 )) has not been confirmed by further material and has to be viewed with great caution. This taxon is rather variable in shape, but may be characterized by the interrupted subsutural brown band and the light-colored oblique, axial stripes on the dorsal side of the last whorl. It has been found on and among cacti (Opuntia sp.).	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFEABA71FF28B469F4A8D5DF.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Cundinamarca, Páramo de Sumapáz, Cuchilla Rabona near Andabobos, 4000 m, Cleef leg.: RMNH; Soacha [sic], El Soche, 2920 m, E. Linares leg. / 2004: ICNB 10555; Meta, Nevado de Sumapáz, 3800 – 3900 m, Cleef leg.: ZMA; Macizo Sumapaz, near Laguna La Guitarra, 3200 m, leg. / 1981: ICNB. Altitudinal range. This is a high-altitude taxon, occurring at 2900 – 4000 m.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFEABA71FF28B469F4A8D5DF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This subspecies was originally described from high altitudes (páramo south of Bogotá, 3800 – 4000 m). The new record from Laguna La Guitarra is at a lower altitude than the type locality, but is nearby. The record from El Soche (E of Bogotá) is the lowest altitude known for this taxon.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFEABA71FF28B263F600D7A1.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Boyacá, SW Labranza Grande, Quebrada Comijoque (05 ° 32 ' N 072 ° 40 ' W, 2800 m, type locality).?, Bogotá: USNM 124663 (partim); UMMZ 242812 (Marsh Colln).	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFEABA71FF28B263F600D7A1.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This taxon was differentiated by Breure (1977) using both conchological and anatomical characters. It occurs on the eastern escarpments of the Cordillera Oriental, ca. 90 km from the nearest record of the nominate subspecies.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFEABA70FF28B07AF7EBD346.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Antioquia / Córdoba, Rio Esmeralda, Upper Rio Sinú, Carriker leg. / 1949: USNM 601774.?, “ U S Colombia: ” ANSP 104845, USNM 532640, USNM 532644 (ex Fulton, Chamberlain Colln).	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFEABA70FF28B07AF7EBD346.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Both the Rio Esmeralda and the Rio Sinú run from northern Antioquia to Córdoba; the reference to “ Upper Rio Sinú ” suggests that the specific location is probably in the highlands of the border area between both departments in the Parque Nacional Natural Paramillo. This is the first precise locality for this species. Pilsbry (1901: 129) was the first to notice the homonymy of this species with Bulimus guildingi Pfeiffer, 1842; therefore he suppressed Dohrn’s name in favour of Sowerby’s. Later Parodiz (1962) introduced the name Plekocheilus (Eurytus) ameghinoi as a new name for P. guildingi (Dohrn), apparently unaware of Pilsbry’s action. Köhler (2007: 127, fig. 3) found three probable syntypes of Bulimus guildingi Dohrn (type locality: “ Neu Granada ”) in the Berlin museum.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFEBBA70FF28B3ADF3FED6C2.taxon	materials_examined	Material.?, Colombia: ANSP 78579, UF 109839, UF 109840 (not seen), (Abbott 1989, Parkinson et al. 1987); “ US of Colombia: ” CM 62.4695; New Granada: ANSP 25449. Venezuela, Aragua, El Portachuela [sic, El Portachuelo Pass, ~ 1130 m], Sierra de la Costa [= Cordillera de la Costa], A. Wetmore leg.: USNM 472358; Rancho Grande, Test leg. / 1951 – 52: UMMZ 191693; Carabobo, Puerto Cabello: DMNH 25582, DMNH 76767, USNM 90430. Venezuela, Mérida, Zaji [= Jají], ex T. Pain: NMW Z 1981.1.118.03486.?, “ Venezuela: ” CM 62.4696 (Hartman Colln, as P. blainvilleanus loveni), UMMZ 147702 (Wetherby Colln).?, “ South America: ” UMMZ 13837 (Stearns Colln).	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFEBBA70FF28B3ADF3FED6C2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The year of publication was erroneously given as 1847 by Richardson (1995); see remarks under P. veranyi. The type locality was given as “ Zaji, province of Mérida ” by Pfeiffer; this probably is a misspelling for Jají. The only confirmed localities range from near sea level (Puerto Cabello, ~ 49 m) to ~ 1780 m (elevation of the village of Jají, probably near the type locality). There is considerable confusion about this and the following species. Several authors have synonymized these taxa, due to the limited samples in collections (usually with very imprecise locality data) and the poorly understood variation. Moreover, the type material for P. blainvilleanus has not been located, making it difficult to solve this problem with the material at hand. Provisionally, we treat the two species as distinct; additional sampling and further anatomical and molecular studies are required. A topotype of P. blainvilleanus is figured here.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFEBBA70FF28B379F6AED594.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The following species are treated from the study area: P. (P.) blainvilleanus, P. (P.) fulminans, P. (P.) loveni, and P. (P.) appuni.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFEBBA70FF28B5E2F354D3EE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. West Indies (St. Vincent, Barbados), Venezuela,? Ecuador, Colombia.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFE9BA72FF28B258F5BBD7C9.taxon	materials_examined	Material. La Guajira, Riohacha, Carriker leg. / 1914: ANSP 151814; Magdalena, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, watershed between Rio Frio and Quebrada del Páramo, 2875 m, in humid forest [selva andina], Cleef et al. leg. / viii. 1977: RMNH. “ Colombia: ” ZMUZ 511590, ZMUZ 511591 (both not seen). Altitudinal range. The only precise locality is at 2875 m.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFE9BA72FF28B258F5BBD7C9.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The material collected by Carriker probably originated from higher altitudes than Riohacha (which is at sea level), on the eastern side of the Sierra.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFE9BA72FF28B7EBF58DD3F7.taxon	materials_examined	Material.?, “ Columbia, ” Thorey leg.: ANSP 328096. Venezuela, Sucre, Cumaná: DMNH 76763, USNM 307543; Angostura: CMC C 10997. “ Venezuela: ” CMC C 10733, CMC C 10734, UMMZ 147716 (G. A. Lathrop leg.). Guyana, Mt. Roraima: UMMZ 147717 (ex Linter, ex Tomlin).	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFE9BA72FF28B7EBF58DD3F7.taxon	discussion	Remarks. According to Abbott (1989) and Haas (1955), this species has a wide distribution throughout Venezuela and northeastern Colombia. However, we have not seen any specimens from Colombia that can unambiguously be attributed to this taxon. The specimen from ANSP figured here matches the figure from Nyst (1843) quite well. Altitude data have been reported only for P. fulminans linterae (Sowerby III, 1890) and P. fulminans alticola (Haas, 1955) from the highlands in Venezuelan Guayana (see Breure 2009). The only other specific locality known, for the nominate form, is Cumaná (near sea level), which might not be the actual collection locality (see also the general remark in the introduction). Breure and Schlögl (2010) discussed the relationships between the nominate taxon and the taxa from Venezuelan Guayana.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFE9BA72FF28B052F645D6C6.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The following taxa are treated from the study area: P. (P.) glandiformis, P. (P.) couturesi, P. (P.) bigener and P. (P.) taquinensis. The sculpture in this group shows a pattern that is intermediate between Plekocheilus s. str. and P. (Eurytus).	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFE9BA72FF28B44BF281D5DC.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Venezuela, Aragua, hills near Colonia Tovar, A. S. H. Breure leg. / 1975: RMNH.?, “ Villeana: ” RMNH (ex G. B. Sowerby & Fulton); “ Venezuela: ” CMC C 10735, UMMZ 147703.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFE9BA72FF28B44BF281D5DC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This taxon was grouped with P. blainvilleanus by Richardson (1995). We tentatively consider P. loveni a valid species, as it seems to be sympatric with P. blainvilleanus, without any reported cases of introgression. P. loveni is similar to P. blainvilleanus, but decidedly smaller. However, only a thorough sampling of the Cordillera de la Costa and a revision of all material accumulated so far, could test if this classification is corroborated.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFEEBA74FF28B7EBF666D077.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Cauca, Volcán de Puracé, Paletará, 3000 – 3200 m, leg. / 1951: FMNH 109715); “ La Cumbre or Popayán (?), ” F. W. Pennell & E. P. Killip leg. / 1922: ANSP 132450, FMNH 78741; Chocó, Rio Nuquí, Haught leg.: USNM 488861 (as Plekocheilus jucundus); Quindío, Hacienda Alaska, Finca Bengala, 3 km N of end of road Salento – Cocora, 3250 m, C. Restrepo leg. / 1982: UVZ 82252; “ Quindío subpáramo, ” F. Ortega leg. / 2004: UVZ; Tolima, Bolivia [see remarks]: NMW 1955.158.24074 (holotype of E. couturesi Ancey); Roncesvalles, Vereda La Yerbabuena, Páramo El Oasis, 3350 m, Linares leg. / 2005: ICNB 10571;? Between La Plata and Tocaima [Tolima?], J. H. Gibbon leg: USNM; Valle del Cauca, Hacienda Las Vegas, Santa Lucía, Tuluá, 3000 m, E. Velasco leg. / 1984: UVZ 84020; Páramo de Riofrio, 3350 – 3500 m, V. Rojas leg. / 1997: UVZ 97023, UVZ 97024 (in Bromeliaceae); Páramo El Duende, Riofrio, 3400 m, L. A. Neira leg. / 2004: UVZ; Parque Nacional Farallones [= PNF], trail to Pico de Loro, 2400 – 2500 m, F. Zapata leg. / 1981: UVZ 81246; PNF, Cerro Teta de la Viuda, 2800 m, G. Bolívar leg. / 1981: UVZ 81242; PNF, Campamento Corea: UVZ 82022 (2300 m, C. Restrepo leg. / 1982), UVZ 82197 (Zapata leg. / 1982), UVZ 81133 (~ 2700 m); Reserva Hato Viejo, 2900 m, R. García & A. F. Giraldo leg. / 1996: UVZ 97018; road to La Herrera, Florida [2500 – 3400 m], L. A. Neira leg. / 1993: UVZ.?, Colombia: USNM 532642 (ex Fulton); New Granada: ZMUZ 511629, ZMUZ 511630 (both not seen); “ U. S. Colombia: ” UMMZ 147711 (ex Fulton, as P. couturesi Ancey). Altitudinal range. The localities presented indicate a range of 1700 – 3500 m (but see remarks below).	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFEEBA74FF28B7EBF666D077.taxon	discussion	Remarks. After having studied the holotype, we conclude that this species belongs to the nominate subgenus, contrary to the classification in P. (Eurytus) by Breure (1979: 30). The sculpture is clearly malleated as in typical Plekocheilus (P.), but also shows granulation that is typically found in a large number of species in P. (Eurytus). The figure of the sculpture in Pilsbry (1895: pl. 38 fig. 4) is somewhat misleading, as the granulation in P. glandiformis is less strong than suggested. This species is thus somewhat intermediate between the two subgenera, although we keep the distinction between the two and still classify P. glandiformis witin the nominate subgenus. Some variation exists in the height of the spire, and in the general coloration (some specimens are a very dark olive brown, frequently with pink peristome). Owing to the fact that no anatomical or molecular data are yet available, we treat them here as part of a single taxon. Further study is clearly needed. Has been found in Bromeliaceae, suggesting a partly arboreal habitat. We consider the P. glandiformis group a high altitude group (all precise localities are at 2000 m or higher). Thus the type locality of P. glandiformis Lea, based on material collected by Gibbon, is likely in southern Antioquia; a finca Tocaima [05 ° 32 ' 20 " N 075 ° 55 ' 56 " W] is located at 1950 m. “ La Plata ” could be assumed to be La Plata [05 ° 02 ' 19 " N 075 ° 40 ' 39 " W] in Caldas (which is the nearest location of that name, ca. 60 km SSW of Tocaima as the crow flies), crossing high altitudes in the border region of Antioquia / Risaralda / Caldas. However, doubt remains, as we do not know anything about the itinerary of Dr. Gibbon. There are two localities with the name La Cumbre in Cauca, both (S) SW of Popayán, respectively 01 ° 55 ' N 076 ° 57 ' W and 01 ° 45 ' 57 " N 076 ° 47 ' 06 " W. Lot USNM 488861 (Chocó, Rio Nuquí) is problematic since it is the westernmost locality for this species, and is at a comparatively low elevation (probably at most 500 m). The material of P. couturesi was collected by G. Coutures, but we have been unable to find any details about his travels in South America. The sculpture of the holotype consists of weak malleation and very fine granulation (cf. Fig. 4 D). This is unlike the sculpture found in Bolivian Plekocheilus, but completely in accordance with material of two other species we now place in the group of P. glandiformis. Thus we conclude that Ancey’s location has been misinterpreted and now consider this taxon as Colombian. When we realized that there could be a locality named ‘ Bolivia’ in Colombia (‘ Bolivie’ is the French version of this name), we found ten localities in the GNS Gazetteer (http: // earth-info. nga. mil / gns / html / index. html). Considering this a high altitude group, we could eliminate nine localities. We now assume that the type locality of P. couturesi is likely to be in the border area between Tolima and Valle del Cauca, where a place Bolivia exists at 3290 m (03 ° 53 ' 36 " N 075 ° 47 ' 18 " W). A second specimen labeled as P. couturesi Ancey, and certainly corresponding to this taxon, is held at UMMZ (lot 147711). The label accompanying the single shell states “ original lot, ” suggesting that it may be a paratype. However, this could not be confirmed as the label may not be the original from C. F. Ancey, but a label written later by H. C. Fulton (J. Gallichan, pers. comm.). The specimens from Valle del Cauca, Florida, road to La Herrera (which is in southwestern Tolima) probably are from the area around the Parque Nacional Natural Las Hermosas. These specimens are more slender than typical P. glandiformis.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFEFBA76FF28B052F4A1D527.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A small species of Plekocheilus s. str., characterized by its relatively slender form, (dark) chestnut color with axial, lighter (yellowish) irregular streaks.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFEFBA76FF28B052F4A1D527.taxon	description	Description. Shell up to 38.2 mm, 1.72 times as high as wide, imperforate, ovate, sides of spire slightly convex, moderately solid. Color light to dark chestnut-brown, with irregular, axial streaks of a lighter color; in lighter colored specimens these streaks are almost yellowish. Upper whorls paler, mostly eroded. Surface somewhat shining, with a very fine malleation and a minute granulation; growth striae irregularly thickened as flat riblets for part of their length, with irregular riblets on the upper whorls. Protoconch eroded. Whorls up to 4.2, slightly convex, the last whorl height 0.87 times the total height, not decidedly swollen; suture impressed, not descending in front. Aperture elongate-ovate, whitish inside, 1.4 times as long as wide, height 0.55 times the shell height. Peristome slightly expanded and reflexed, whitish or pinkish; slightly curved at the insertion to the parietal wall. Columellar margin slightly curved, above with a weak fold entering the aperture; narrowly dilated at the insertion to the parietal wall, which has a thin, whitish callus. Dimensions in mm: H 28.6 – 38.2, D 16.6 – 22.0, HA 16.2 – 22.0, WA 11.2 – 15.0, LW 25.5 – 32.8, 3.5 – 4.2 whorls; holotype H 38.2, D 22.0, HA 22.0, WA 15.0, LW 32.8, 4.1 whorls.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFEFBA76FF28B052F4A1D527.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Colombia, Risaralda, Parque Nacional Natural Tatamá, Cerro Tatamá, 3600 – 3770 m, van der Hammen et al. leg. / 20. i. 1983. Type material. Holotype: RMNH 125626. Paratypes (same data as holotype): CMC C 14186 / 1, ICNB / 4; ibidem, 3300 m, van der Hammen et al. leg. / 5. ii. 1983: ICNB / 1; Chocó, Parque Nacional Natural Tatamá, Valle San Francisco [approx. 5 ° 07 ʹN 76 ° 42 ʹW], 3335 m, van der Hammen et al. leg / 14. ii. 1983: RMNH 125627 / 3, ICNB / 2.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFEFBA76FF28B052F4A1D527.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The specimens from San Francisco valley show a pink coloration in the lip instead of white; this may be due to the freshness at the time of collection. This species differs from P. glandiformis (Lea, 1838) by (1) being more slender, (2) having the lip more curved near the palatal insertion at the last whorl, (3) the suture not descending in front. From P. taquinensis (Pfeiffer, 1855) the new species differs by (1) being smaller, (2) somewhat stouter, (3) the suture not descending in front. Ecology. The species was found in “ páramos ” with Espeletia frontinoensis (Asteraceae) and Chusquea tessellata (Poaceae).	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFEFBA76FF28B052F4A1D527.taxon	etymology	Etymology. bigener (Latin), hybrid; referring to the hybrid nature of the shell sculpture, occurring both in Plekocheilus s. str. and P. (Eurytus). The epithet is used as an adjective.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFEDBA76FF28B301F282D741.taxon	materials_examined	Material. La Guajira, Taquina: BMNH 1957.6.3.1 – 3 (type material).	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFEDBA76FF28B301F282D741.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is known only from the type locality, which we have been able to locate with the help of Simmons (1981) and Todd and Carriker (1922). According to the latter, Taquina is located at 7000 feet [~ 2130 m]. Simmons has this locality as one of seven Indian villages “ on the upper course of Rio Ancha [Ancho]. ” In his maps, Taquina is located just northeast of and at a somewhat lower elevation than Macotama (corresponding to pl. 1 in Todd and Carriker 1922), which is labeled as 9000 feet [~ 2740 m] (Simmons 1981); coordinates approx. 10 ° 55 ’ 02 ” N 73 ° 29 ’ 47 ” W. The holotype was figured for the first time by Crowley and Pain (1958), who also mentioned two paratypes and two additional specimens collected by Pain “ in the vicinity of the type locality ” in 1939.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFEDBA79FF28B1E0F3FCD3EE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Characterized by a moderately large (up to 77.5 mm), solid shell, uniformly brownish colored with an irregular pattern of slightly raised, lighter lines, giving it a blotchy appearance.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFEDBA79FF28B1E0F3FCD3EE.taxon	description	Description. Shell up to 77.5 mm, 1.75 times longer than wide, imperforate, elongate-ovate, sides rather convex, solid. Color golden- to chestnut-brown, with an irregular pattern of lighter colored lines, giving the shell a blotchy appearance; upper whorls lighter and eroded. Surface rather shining, with an irregular pattern of low ridges that are slightly raised, partly fused, become elongated and are covered with fine granulation arranged in the direction of the growth striae, especially discernible on upper part of last whorl. Protoconch eroded. Whorls 4.5, the upper whorls hardly convex, the last whorl much more convex; suture well impressed, somewhat crenulated, descending in front. Aperture elongate-ovate, showing the outside coloration, with a whitish border behind the lip, 1.8 times longer than wide, height 0.55 times the total length; peristome thickened and well reflexed, whitish. Columellar margin slightly curved, hardly dilated, slightly receding, entering the aperture with a conspicuous fold. Parietal wall with a well-developed callus, translucent with a white edge. Dimensions in mm: holotype H 56, D 32, HA 30.5, WA 21, LW 50, 4.5 whorls. Paratype H 77.5, D 44.5, HA 46, WA 25.5, LW 70, 5 whorls.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFEDBA79FF28B1E0F3FCD3EE.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Colombia, Antioquia, Medellín, Corregimiento Santa Elena, Vereda Piedras Blancas [6 ° 18 ʹN 75 ° 31 ʹW], 2200 m, Parra & Posada leg. / 10. xi. 2003. Type material. Holotype: UAM. Paratype: Antioquia, Jerico [5 ° 47 ʹN 75 ° 47 ʹW, 1900 m]: USNM 414157 / 1.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFEDBA79FF28B1E0F3FCD3EE.taxon	discussion	Remarks. In the sculpture of the shell this novelty resembles P. guildingi, from which it differs by (1) having a darker color; (2) being larger (~ 60 vs. ~ 40 mm); (3) having a stronger columellar fold. It also resembles P. appuni, which differs from this new species by (1) having the columella at an angle from the parietal wall; (2) being uniformly colored without the blotchy appearance caused by the irregular pattern of slightly raised lighter colored lines; (3) the less reflexed lip; (4) being sculptured with oblong granulation, arranged in spiral series. Ecology. Found dead in a Quercus forest.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFEDBA79FF28B1E0F3FCD3EE.taxon	etymology	Etymology. incognitus (Latin), unknown. Referring to the fact that this large species is found close to a densely populated city, but remained unnoticed for many years. The epithet is used as an adjective.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFE2BA79FF28B431F7DBD4C6.taxon	materials_examined	Type species by subsequent designation (Albers 1860): Helix pentadina d’Orbigny, 1835.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFE2BA79FF28B431F7DBD4C6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. West Indies (St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Venezuela, Guyana, Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Panama.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFE2BA79FF28B431F7DBD4C6.taxon	discussion	Remarks. In the last comprehensive revision of this genus, Pilsbry (1895 [1895 – 1896]) divided this subgenus into seven groups of species. His grouping was based solely on shell morphology and mainly used shape, surface sculpture, columellar fold, expansion of peristome and suture of last whorl to differentiate among species. Anatomical data have been presented for relatively few of the more than 60 taxa known in this subgenus (Breure 1978, 2009; Breure & Schlögl 2010). Our grouping is thus based mainly on shell morphology, supplemented by the sparse anatomical data available for Colombian species. An additional comment on ecological settings where species of Eurytus occur is warranted. Based on ecological information then available, Breure (1979) suggested that two groups of species may be distinguished within this subgenus, namely a group that lives mainly in rain forest at altitudes of up to circa 1000 m, and a second group of species that live mainly in montane forest at altitudes of circa 1250 – 3500 m. We continue to adhere to this view, but have chosen to provide this information under each species when available, rather than providing a listing by elevation. Further, a number of species are still known only from the type collections, often without precise locality data.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFE3BA78FF28B616F600D3D6.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The following taxa are treated from the study area: P. (E.) e. episcopalis, P. (E.) e. corticosus, P. (E.) e. auriformis, P. (E.) plectostylus, P. (E.) subglandiformis, P. (E.) dalmasi, P. (E.) piperatoides, P. (E.) argenteus, P. (E.) lynciculus and P. (E.) nocturnus. Richardson (1995) grouped P. (E.) apolinari Pilsbry, 1935 together with P. (E.) corticosus (Sowerby III, 1895) and followed Pilsbry (1935) in including P. (E.) episcopalis within the genus “ Plectostylus. ” We consider the following three forms, P. episcopalis, P. corticosus (including apolinari) and P. auriformis to differ only at the subspecific level, and treat them under the nominal form, P. (E.) episcopalis (Pfeiffer, 1855); see also remarks under each subspecies.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFE3BA78FF28B255F65BD6C5.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Antioquia, Frontino: DMNH 141721 (ex M. L. Walton) [see remarks]; Cundinamarca, Monteredondo, 1370 m, P. I. Scheible leg. / 1960: FMNH 114075; Monteredondo, km 75 [sic, probably km 54] on road Bogotá – Villavicencio, Scheible & H. Frohmund leg. / 1961: FMNH 114165; Monteredondo, Scheible leg. / 1959, 1370 m: FMNH 114167; Bogotá: BMNH 1879.9.6.13 - 14; Gachetá, A. P. Infante leg. / 2010; Meta, region of Villavicencio, Hno. Apolinar María leg.: ANSP; Pipiral [sic, = Piperal, km 73 road Bogotá – Villavicencio], V. Guevara leg. / 1933: DMNH 141724.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFE3BA78FF28B255F65BD6C5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This taxon differs from P. e. episcopalis by having (1) a stronger columellar fold; (2) a relatively smaller aperture. Piperal is a small village on the road from Bogotá to Villavicencio, 600 – 700 m elevation. Gachetá is NE of Bogotá. All localities are on the eastern escarpments of the Cordillera Oriental. The specimen from Antioquia, Frontino is only tentatively referred to this taxon; it is the only record from the Cordillera Central for this species. Although elevations are not given in the labels, an altitudinal range of 450 – 1800 m may be inferred from the localities above.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFE3BA78FF28B465F499D5C6.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Cundinamarca, Bogotá: CM 62.4697 (ex Hartman Colln, as P. coloratus lamarckianus), ANSP 78576 (leg. / 1900), USNM 532635 (ex Fulton), UMMZ 242808 (Marsh Colln), UMMZ 147714 (partim, ex Tomlin & C. Caziot); Bogata [sic, Bogotá]: FMNH 31122 (W. F. Webb Colln).	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFE3BA78FF28B465F499D5C6.taxon	discussion	Remarks. We consider now this taxon to differ only subspecifically from P. e. auriformis and P. e. corticosus, despite the fact that there is no precise locality known. It differs from both taxa by (1) having the columella less folded; (2) having a larger aperture that is more ovate; (3) the sculpture of the last whorl being granulate, but giving a slight impression of being arranged in spiral structures (Fig. 10 C).	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFE1BA7AFF28B7EBF411D38F.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Cundinamarca, Valle de Tensa [sic, Tenza, 1500 – 1700 m], Hno. Apolinar María leg.: ANSP 174434; Cordillera de Bogotá [?], Hno. Apolinar María & V. Guevara leg. / 1933: ANSP 164576; Bogotá: UMMZ 147714 (partim, ex Tomlin & Caziot).	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFE1BA7AFF28B7EBF411D38F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. These are the first precise localities for this taxon, which is now considered by us a subspecies of P. episcopalis. Cordillera de Bogotá may refer to the mountainous belt on the eastern side of Bogotá, part of the Cordillera Oriental. This belt is known as Los Cerros Orientales de Bogotá, or Bosque Oriental de Bogotá (2600 – 3550 m), and is protected by regional legislation. P. episcopalis auriformis differs from the nominate form by (1) the less rounded last whorl; (2) the stronger columellar fold; (3) the ear-shaped aperture. Valle de Tenza is ca. 40 km NE of Gachetá, the nearest record of P. episcopalis corticosus.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFE1BA7AFF28B593F205D67E.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Antioquia, Frontino: ANSP 362089 (ex Alfred Univ.), UMMZ 147726 (ex Rolle); La Ceja: USNM 517844 (SE Medellín, Hno. Daniel leg.), ANSP 166985 (Hno. Apolinar María leg. / 1935), DMNH 141723, UVZ 83018 (leg. / 1935); Támesis: DMNH 141728; Caldas, ca. 16 km NE Santa Rosa de Cabal, ca. 2500 m, cloud forest, J. de Jager leg. / 1988: RMNH; Cauca, Popayán: FMNH 31060 (as Plekocheilus coloratus coloratus); Cundinamarca, Bogotá: ZMUZ 511608 (not seen); Magdalena, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Ecoandes Transect Alto Buritaca, 1100 – 1300 m, van der Hammen et al. leg. / 1977: RMNH, ICNB (not seen) (Breure 1977 b); Aduriameina (K. - J. Götting, pers. comm. [not seen]); “ Magdalena: ” ZMUZ 511600 (not seen); Norte de Santander, Pamplona, J. Harris leg.: ANSP 66419; Ocaña: ZMUZ 511601, 511602, 511603, 511609 (all not seen); La Palmita, 6000 – 7500 ft [~ 1830 – 2285 m], Carriker leg. / 1916: ANSP 140103; Táchira Valley, S Cúcuta, 4300 – 5500 ft [~ 1290 – 1950 m], Carriker leg. / 1947: USNM 590636.?, “ Colombia: ” FMNH 31169 (as Plekocheilus coloratus coloratus); “ Columbia: ” ZMUZ 511610 (not seen), CMC C 11070 (ex Fulton); “ New Granada: ” MCZ (ex Dohrn), ANSP 78578, BMNH 1873.10.30.4, UMMZ 160940, ZMUZ 511611, 544086 (both not seen). Venezuela, Bolívar, Distrito Cedeño, Sierra Guanay, E slope of Rio Parguaza, ~ 135 km ENE of Puerto Ayacucho, 40 km NW of Cerro Yaví, ~ 1700 m, O. Huber & S. Gorzula leg. / 1985: RMNH; Mérida, Chachopo: BMNH;?, “ South America: ” UMMZ 13842 (F. Stearns Colln). Altitudinal range. 1100 – 3400 m.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFE1BA7AFF28B593F205D67E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. There is some variation in the height / diameter ratio, but we see no reasons to consider P. plectostylus and P. speciosus as separate taxa, given their overall similarity and largely overlapping distribution. Contrary to Breure (1984), this species is thus not endemic to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, but occurs in both northeastern Colombia and the adjacent area in northwestern Venezuela. The identification of the lot from Sierra Guanay (RMNH) is tentative since it is a single worn specimen, which nevertheless seems to match the characteristics of this species. This species does not show the malleation that is typical for Plekocheilus s. str. and, judging by the shell shape, seems to be closely allied to P. episcopalis and P. subglandiformis. Therefore we place it in this group.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFE6BA7DFF28B4BEF55CD4D2.taxon	materials_examined	Material.? Magdalena / La Guajira, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, leg. / 1896: RBINS; Boyacá, km 61.5 road Soacha – La Punta, 6 km E Los Pinos, Alto de Granados, Páramo de Pisva [sic, Pisba], 3620 m, Cleef leg. / 14. vi. 1972: RMNH.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFE6BA7DFF28B4BEF55CD4D2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Breure (1978) located the type material, of which one specimen is figured here. The specimen from Páramo de Pisba is tentatively referred to this species. This locality forms part of the Cocuy area, which is known for its endemics (see also Breure 2008) and is phytogeographically related to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (Cleef, pers. comm.). The single shell in the lot from Páramo de Pisba (RMNH) lacks the upper whorls (due to fracture) and shows traces of oblique chestnut-brown color streaks on a golden-brown ground color. The white lip is characteristic in all material examined.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFE6BA7DFF28B169F55ED6C2.taxon	materials_examined	Material.?, Colombia: BMNH (R. MacAndrew Colln), UMMZ 147725 (ex Rolle); “ Columbia, ” Jos. James leg.: ANSP. Venezuela, Mérida, Mucuchies, Gavida, J. Šteffek leg. / 27. i. 2008: RMNH. “ Venezuela: ” CMC C 10750, CMC C 10751.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFE6BA7DFF28B169F55ED6C2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. No specific Colombian localities are known for this species, but occurrence in northeastern Colombia is likely. Despite the vague localities, the records available would suggest that this species may occur in the bor- der area between Venezuela and Colombia. The specimen from Mérida is the first precise locality of this species. See also remarks under the next taxon.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFE6BA7DFF28B7EBF5D2D27D.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Antioquia, Sonsón, Wallis leg.: SMF 21603 (ex W. Kobelt); Frontina [Frontino] (ZMUZ 233 [sic = 511632, see remarks]) (Simone, 2006);? Cundinamarca, “ Bogota ”: ZMUZ 511633.?, U. S. of Colombia: USNM 316120 (ex Henderson Colln, ex Evezard Colln); Columbia: ZMUZ 511631 (not seen).	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFE6BA7DFF28B7EBF5D2D27D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The specimen pictured by Neubert and Janssen (2004) does not show the characteristic marbled band below the suture, consisting of brown spots that fade into yellowish; these yellowish spots may continue in waving, axial bands. If the ZMUZ and SMF specimens originate from the same series, which Neubert and Janssen consider “ very probable, ” the specimens in SMF could be regarded as paralectotypes. However, it should be noted that their specimen is from “ Antigua [sic, most probably Antioquia], Sonsón, ” while Mousson’s specimen in ZMUZ is labelled with “ Bogota. ” Also, Breure’s (1976) statement of a “ unique specimen ZMUZ 511633 ” is in error, for two reasons: (1) we have a file of material at ZMUZ, listing three lots as P. subglandiformis (511631, “ Columbia; ” 511632, “ Frontina ” and 511633, “ Bogotá ” [lectotype]); (2) Simone (2006: 150, fig. 506) shows two specimens from ZMUZ, the lectotype (cited in error as ZMUZ 233), and the specimen from Frontina (cited in error as ZMUZ 233). Mousson only mentions Bogotá in his paper (Mousson 1873: 1), without giving further details on (other) localities in his description.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFE7BA7CFF28B7EBF691D37E.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Venezuela, Mérida: USNM 532637 (ex Fulton), UMMZ 147698 (ex Fulton); Páramo de Mucuchíes or Sierra de Mérida, above 10000 ft [~ 3000 m], E. P. de Bellard leg. / 1923: USNM 360616; Venezuela: RMNH (ex H. Fruhstorfer).	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFE7BA7CFF28B7EBF691D37E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This taxon was classified as P. (Aeropictus) by Breure (1979), probably due to a comparison with P. veranyi by Pilsbry (1902). The type material has not been located, but the material examined by us fits the description, except that the lip is not roseate. The similarity between this and the previous species is striking and, although we refrain from synonymizing them now due to the paucity of material available, they may prove to be very closely allied if not identical.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFE7BA7CFF28B5CAF5C6D405.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Amazonas, Solano, Puerto Santander, Comunidad Aducha, 300 m [sic, 170 m], D. Alfonso & H. Andoke leg. / 1999: ICNB; Isla La Guarnición, Rio Caquetá, La Pedrera, J. Cortés leg. / 2004: ICNB. Nariño, Santa Rosa de Sucumbios, Rio San Miguel, 400 m, Malkin leg. / 1971: FMNH 175441 (as P. coloratus).?, “ S. America: ” UMMZ 4543. Altitudinal range. The Colombian records comprise elevations at or below 400 m. The Ecuadorian localities reported in Breure and Borrero (2008) from the Provinces of Napo, Orellana and Pastaza range from approximately 240 to 600 m in elevation.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFE7BA7CFF28B5CAF5C6D405.taxon	discussion	Remarks. These are the first records of this species in Colombia, which we previously interpreted as an Ecuadorian species. The new Colombian localities are consistent with those from Ecuador, suggesting a distribution in the eastern Amazonian lowlands of both countries.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFE7BA7CFF28B223F7DBD7E4.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Ecuador, Imbabura, Ibarra: DMNH 141641; Napo, Topo: DMNH 76773, DMNH 129338, DMNH 151003); “ Napo: ” DMNH 141674; Pastaza, Mera: DMNH 141650; Puyo: ANSP, DMNH 141683;?, “ Ecuador: ” USNM 532634 (ex Fulton, as P. semipictus); “ El Oriente, ” leg. / 1937: USNM 628796 (as P. tricolor semipictus).	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFE7BA7CFF28B223F7DBD7E4.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Although the name P. semipictus has been used for this taxon, this is a clearly distinct species. The upper part of the last whorl is very globose, the lower part is more constricted, thus giving a “ humpback ” impression.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFE7BA7EFF28B03CF64DD54F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The following species are treated from the study area: P. (E.) coloratus, P. (E.) pirriensis, P. (E.) ampullaroides, P. (E.) camaritagua, P. (E.) pirriensis, P. (E.) ampullaroides, P. (E.) nachiyacu, P. (E.) paraguas, P. (E.) gibbonius, P. (E.) taylorianus, P. (E.) jimenezi, P. (E.) tricolor and P. (E.) roseolabrum. FIGURE 12. Plekocheilus distribution. A. P. (P.) incognitus, P. (Eurytus) paraguas, P. (E.) labiosus. B. P. (E.) coloratus, P. (E.) ampullaroides.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFE5BA45FF28B3D1F62DD02C.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Antioquia, Frontino: CMC C 11047 (ex Fulton), DMNH 141721, UMMZ 147710 (ex Rolle, as P. coloratus sublamarckianus Mousson), ZMH 7478, ZMUZ 511585 (as P. coloratus ampullaroides, not seen), ZMUZ 511593 (not seen); La Bodega, between Sonsón and Nariño, 6000 ft [~ 1800 m], Carriker leg. / 1951: USNM 598490 (as P. coloratus ampullaroides); Porce, Bosque Normandía, [300 – 700 m], J. M. Daza leg. / 2001: UAM; Cauca, Isla de Gorgona, north portion, humid forest [island maximum elevation is 338 m], Medem leg. / 1961: FMNH 114095; Cesar, Sierra de Perijá, 25 – 30 km E of Becerril, Finca América, 1100 m, Malkin leg. / 1969: FMNH 163690; El Roncón, foothills of Sierra de Perijá, 10 – 12 km E of Becerril, 200 – 300 m, Malkin leg. / 1969: FMNH 163691; San Sebastián de Rábago [= Nabusimake]: FMNH 157551 (2000 m, Malkin leg. / 1968), CMC C 14234, CMC C 14235 (1950 m, Borrero & T. A. Pearce leg. / 2010), CMC C 14249 (nearby hillside forests, 1943 – 1970 m, Borrero & Pearce leg. / 2010); Socorpa Mission, forest only, Becerril, Sierra de Perijá, Malkin leg. / 1968: FMNH 159206, FMNH 159208, FMNH 159209, FMNH 159210, FMNH 159211, FMNH 172861, FMNH 173013; Rio Guatapurí, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta: USNM 599524 [partim] (1200 ft [~ 360 m], Carriker leg. / 1946), USNM 599529 (8000 – 9000 ft [~ 2400 – 2700 m]); San José [most likely San José de Oriente], Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta: USNM 488805 (5000 – 6000 ft [~ 1500 – 1800 m], Carriker leg. / 1945), USNM 59301; Sierra de Perijá, Airoca: USNM 488785 (4500 ft [~ 1350 m], Carriker leg. / 1942), USNM 488783 (4000 – 6000 ft [~ 1200 – 1800 m]); El Africa, Sierra de Perijá, 6500 ft [~ 1950 m], Carriker leg.: USNM 488804 (leg. / 1942), MCZ 183869; Pueblo Bello, canyon next to Rio Ariguaní, 1125 m, Borrero & Pearce leg. / 2010: CMC C 14192, CMC C 14250, CMC C 14251); 5 – 6 km above Manaure [Balcón del Cesar], Magdalena [sic, Cesar], W side Perijá Range, Olsson leg.: ANSP 181847 (leg. / 1946, under rocks in woods), ANSP 186716 (leg. / 1950); Cundinamarca, Bogotá: USNM 316124, DMNH 76770 [partim], BMNH 1894.2.28.4 (Cuming Colln, partim), UMMZ 242806 (Marsh Colln, as P. coloratus ampullaroides), UMMZ 147708 (ex Caziot & Hno. Apolinar María, as P. coloratus ampullaroides), UMMZ 13839 - 13840 (Stearns Colln); La Guajira, San Juán [del Cesar], 200 m (Götting 1978 [not seen]); below Pueblo Viejo, 300 – 1000 m (Götting 1978 [not seen]); above Pueblo Viejo, 1400 m (Götting 1978 [not seen]); Riohacha: ZMH 7477; hills of Carraipía, Haught leg. / 1943: USNM 599496; near Carraipía, Haught leg.: ANSP 388534 (as P. oligostylus Pils.), USNM 543490; Sierra Nueva, Sierra Negra, Carriker leg.: FMNH 71056 (3700 – 5000 ft [~ 1100 - 1500 m]), USNM 533874 (1100 – 1500 m, leg. / 1942); Los Gorros, trail Fonseca – Riohacha, NE spur of Sierra Nevada, 2500 ft [~ 750 m], Carriker leg. / 1945: USNM 488810; Potrero de Venancio, 1100 m (Breure 1984 [not seen]); Magdalena, mountains near Santa Marta, 1219 m, H. H. Smith leg. / 1900: UF 109842 [not seen], UF 109843 [not seen]; Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta [= SNSM], Pittier leg.: USNM 192936 a; SNSM, San Andrés, Rio Frio Basin, Pittier leg. / 1906: USNM 192949 (1200 m), USNM 192947 (1300 m); SNSM, western foothills, between the plains and Quebrada del Bollo, 0 – 300 m, Pittier leg. / 1906: USNM 192936; SNSM, near Rio Frio, between Quebrada del Bollo and Quebrada Rodríguez, 0 – 300 m, Pittier leg. / 1906: USNM 192940; SNSM, Rancho del Bollo, Pittier leg. / 1906: USNM 192946; SNSM, 50 km SE Santa Marta, just W of Rio Buritaca along trail to Ciudad Perdida, 11 ° 02 ’ N 73 ° 55 ’ W, D. K. Dorman leg. / 1989: UF 137920, UF 137933 [both not seen]); SNSM, 2550 m, near trail beside Rio Buritaca, 11 ° 01 ’ N 73 ° 55 ’ W: UF 137926, UF 137932 [both not seen]); SNSM, Alto Buritaca, 500 m, Linares leg. / 1991: ICNB 2601, ICNB 2602); SNSM, Buritaca 2000 [archaeological name given to Ciudad Perdida, a former religious site of the local natives], 1100 m, leg. / 1981: UVZ 81190 – 81199, UVZ 81206; Cerro San Lorenzo, SNSM, 7000 ft [~ 2100 m], Carriker leg. / 1945: FMNH 71055, USNM 599526; Finca “ La Granja ” Cerro San Lorenzo, SNSM, Medem et al. leg. / 1964: FMNH 187286, FMNH 187287; Finca La Victoria, Sierra de San Lorenzo, 996 m, Borrero & Pearce leg. / 2010: CMC C 14242; Estación San Lorenzo, Borrero & Pearce leg. / 2010: CMC C 14193 (trail above camp, 2329 – 2360 m), CMC C 14248 (trail below camp, 2329 – 2175 m); SNSM, between San Fernando and San Francisco, Creutzberg leg. / 1975: RMNH; near Minca, northern slope of Sierra, approx. 700 m, Götting leg. / 1976 – 1978: RMNH; Forests near Minca, and Minca lower slope of San Lorenzo: CM 106208, CM 106209 (both H. H. Smith leg. / 1899), ANSP 46587 (J. Rehn & M. Hebard leg. / 1920); Minca, 2000 ft [~ 600 m], H. H. Smith leg.: ANSP 78243; Road Minca – Hacienda La Victoria, Sector Jaguar, 1100 m, S. Guataguira & L. Machado leg. / 2007: ICNB; El Libano forests, leg. / 1899: CM 100142, CM 106217; Don Diego, Carriker leg. / 1914: ANSP 140086; Don Amo Estate, Sierra de Santa Marta, H. H. Smith leg. / 1900: CM 106222 (2000 ft [~ 600 m]), CM 106223 (3500 ft [~ 1060 m]); Onaca Estate, 2500 ft [~ 750 m], H. H. Smith leg. / 1900: CM 106210, CM 106220; Valparaiso, H. H. Smith leg. / 1900: CM 106211; Magdalena River Valley, 2500 m (Götting 1978 [not seen]); From Breure (1984): Cacaguelito (600 m), Jiracasaca (800 m), below La Horqueta (1300 m), Las Pantidas [= Las Partidas] (1300 m), Valparaiso (1500 m), El Líbano (2000 – 2325 m); El Líbano: DMNH 76787, ANSP 78244 (SE of Santa Marta, 6000 ft [~ 1800 m], H. H. Smith leg. / 1899); Manancanaca, 11000 – 12000 ft [~ 3300 – 3600 m], Carriker leg. / 1946: USNM 599523; Jiracasaca, 2800 – 3000 ft [~ 840 – 900 m], H. H. Smith leg. / 1898: CM 106214, CM 106218 [not seen]; Las Partidas, 3500 ft [~ 1050 m], H. H. Smith leg. / 1899: CM 106215 [not seen]; near Pueblito, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta region, 463 m, Borrero & Pearce leg. / 2010: CMC C 14246, CMC C 14247; “ Magdalena: ” ZMUZ 511597 [not seen]; Meta, Villavicencio: DMNH 141730 (ex Walton); Norte de Santander, “ Provincia de Ocaña ” [type locality of P. subplicatus Pfeiffer]; Ocaña: ZMUZ 511596, ZMUZ 511598 [both not seen]; Mount Lucerno [= Alto de Lucero]: ZMUZ 511595 [not seen]; Buenos Aires, Carriker leg. / 1947: USNM 486844; Guamalito, 0 – 2000 ft [0 – 600 m], Carriker leg. / 1949: USNM 517804; Hacienda Villa Felisa, near Cúcuta, 1100 ft [330 m], Carriker leg. / 1947: USNM 590658; Petrolea, near sea level, Carriker leg.: USNM 517812; La Palmita, 6000 – 7500 ft [~ 1800 – 2250 m], Carriker leg. / 1916: ANSP 137828; Santander, Trail to El Salado, 1800 m, P. E. Acosta leg. / 1960: FMNH 114053; Molagavita, 2300 m, Acosta leg. / 1960: FMNH 114054; Los Santos, Creutzberg leg.: RMNH.?, Colombia, Linter leg.: UMMZ 147707; “ Columbia ” [= Colombia]: ANSP 66411, ANSP 174436, CM 42437, FMNH 31169, USNM 105227, UMMZ 41101 (ex Rolle, as P. coloratus lamarckianus), ZMA, ZMUZ 511586 [not seen]; “ New Granada: ” ZMUZ 511594, ZMUZ 544089, ZMUZ 511592 [all not seen], ANSP 66427 (ex Cuming), CMC C 10721, C 10722, BMNH Acc. no. 1563 (MacAndrew Colln); “ Andes of New Granada: ” BMNH Acc. no. 1829 (ex Cuming), (Baker 1926 [at 2438 m]); “ Andes Colombia: ” USNM 532632 (ex Fulton).?, Campo Alegre forest, ~ 1500 ft [~ 450 m], on a tree trunk, H. H. Smith leg. / 1898: CM 106219; above Agua Dulce, 3000 ft [~ 900 m], H. H. Smith leg. / 1899: CM 106216. Altitudinal range. The localities that can be precisely located range from 70 – 3600 m.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFE5BA45FF28B3D1F62DD02C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Within this taxon, many specimens from several different nominal (sub) species are frequently found in museum collections, most commonly P. (E.) coloratus (Nyst, 1845), P. (E.) lamarckianus (Pfeiffer, 1848) and P. (E.) ampullaroides (Mousson, 1873). Breure (1978: 10) placed Bulimus lamarckianus Pfeiffer, 1848 in the synonymy of P. coloratus (Nyst, 1845). We are unaware of a formal synonymy between P. coloratus and P. (E.) ampullaroides. In addition, Pfeiffer (1855: 29, pl. 8, figs 4 – 5) described Bulimus coloratus var. ß and suggested that it may deserve the status of a separate species but preferred to conservatively maintain this form as a variety of P. coloratus. This form was later referred to by Pfeiffer and Clessin (1879 – 1881: 226) as Bulimus (Dryptus) coloratus var. subplicata Pfr. Thus, specimens attributed to the variety subplicatus Pfeiffer, 1881 are also found together with the taxa mentioned above in museum collections, the labels with or without the subspecific epithet. During the course of our analysis, we have found that shells belonging to other species may also be mixed in with “ P. coloratus, ” including Plekocheilus (E.) nachiyacu Pilsbry 1939, a poorly understood species described without a specific type locality (Pilsbry 1939: 2). Sorting out the correct affiliation of the many specimens of “ P. coloratus ” available at museum collections has proven difficult, partly due to the lack of precise localities for some of the taxa involved, and the lack of material suitable for anatomical and molecular studies. For this reason, we have chosen to list under P. coloratus all records of the various taxa mentioned above, which often exhibit strong similarities. However, we have also found specimens that were attributed to P. coloratus, but clearly belong to other, well defined species (i. e., P. gibbonius, P. oligostylus), and have listed those under the appropriate species names. We consider it beyond the scope of the current paper to carry out a more complete analysis of “ P. coloratus ” at this time; this will be part of our on-going research. Photographs of the various “ forms of P. coloratus ” are presented in Figures 10 A-F, 13 A, without indication of sub-specific or variety status. Likewise, Fig. 12 B shows the distribution map for those specimens of “ P. coloratus ” associated with precise localities. As stated, we are aware that there may be more than one species involved in this map, which may be partially evident as a disjunct distribution. Other than the type specimen of P. coloratus (Nyst), we have not seen any specimens from northern Venezuela that seem to belong to this species. Nyst’s type locality is problematic, as it seems well outside the range of this species. Two Venezuelan records available (cf. Breure 2009) are here considered questionable and in need of additional, confirmatory material. The distribution given in Pilsbry (1895: 74) includes “ near Quito, Ecuador. ” This is the species of Plekocheilus with the broadest latitudinal and altitudinal distribution that we know of, and we currently question its veracity. We have not seen any material from Ecuador and this species was not listed by Breure and Borrero (2008) for that country. The record from Bogotá (DMNH 76770, partim) may not be credible as the lot consists of two specimens of two different species, and the presence of this species in Cundinamarca is under question. Campo Alegre and Agua Dulce may be localities near the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta since most of H. H. Smith’s collections come from the Santa Marta area; however, places with those names exist in other Colombian Departments. Lots ANSP 181847 and 186716 are labeled as from Magdalena; this is in error and is probably due to the fact that two towns named Manaure exist is northern Colombia: Manaure, La Guajira (formerly part of Magdalena), and Manaure Balcón del Cesar, in Cesar; only the second locality is in proximity of the Perijá Range (on its west side) and thus corresponds to Olsson’s locality. We have observed in part of the material (specifically from Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta) a variation in the color pattern (“ yellow trait ”). The axial undulating stripes are bordered by a yellowish “ shadow ” [cf. P. (E.) fusitorsus (Oberwimmer, 1931) from Venezuelan Guayana (Breure 2009)]. Furthermore, some shells from La Guajira and Perijá regions tend to have a strong lip and a distinct parietal callus. These shells, all from low elevation localities where dry conditions prevail, are tentatively referred to this species. During the revision of this paper the type material of this taxon was located in the Brussels museum; see Breure (2011).	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFDEBA45FF28B6F5F448D4FB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Shell globose, with flat whorls and hardly to not impressed suture, that descends slightly in front. Color pattern with dark brown, oblique streaks, bordered with a narrow, yellowish “ shadow. ” Sculptured with a fine granulation arranged in spirals.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFDEBA45FF28B6F5F448D4FB.taxon	description	Description. Shell 57 mm, 1.5 times longer than wide, imperforate, sides hardly convex, rather solid. Color pale yellowish-brown with darker lines of the same color along the growth striae, crossed by reddish-brown, oblique streaks, showing some zigzags especially on the upper part of the last whorl, and bordered by a narrow, yellowish “ shadow; ” upper whorls lighter, eroded. Surface not shining, upper whorls with growth striae, on the last whorls with spiral lines of dot-like granulation, especially visible on the dorsal side of the last whorl. Protoconch eroded. Whorls 3.9, very flat, the last whorl approx. 0.9 times total height, suture not or hardly impressed, slightly descending in front. Aperture ovate, somewhat ear-shaped, 1.8 times longer than wide, 0.72 times the total length; peristome thin and hardly reflexed, pinkish (faded). Columellar margin straight, entering the aperture with a weak fold, hardly dilated and somewhat receding. Parietal wall with a thin callus. Dimensions in mm: Holotype H 57, D 37.5, HA 41, WA 23.5, LW 52, 3.9 whorls.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFDEBA45FF28B6F5F448D4FB.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Colombia, Amazonas, Corregimiento La Pedrera [1 ° 20 ʹS 69 ° 35 ʹW, 80 m], Resguardo Indígena de Camaritagua, towards El Francisco. Type material. Holotype (ICNB), J. Cortés leg. / 2004.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFDEBA45FF28B6F5F448D4FB.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Although the shell is somewhat worn, its characteristics separate it from all other Plekocheilus (Eurytus) species. It may be compared to P. (E.) fusitorsus (Oberwimmer, 1931) from which it differs by (1) having a shorter spire; (2) a less impressed suture; (3) a less expanded lip. It may also be compared to P. (E.) coloratus (Nyst, 1845) which, however, (1) has the whorls more convex; (2) has a larger angle of the attachment of the lip to the body whorl; (3) has the spire more pointed. Finally, this new species may be compared to P. (E.) tepuiensis Breure, 2009, from which it differs in (1) having a different, more brownish color, with the yellowish “ shadow ” pattern; (2) having a less pointed spire; (3) having a different height / number of whorls ratio. The only known (possibly subadult) shell, the holotype, was found in SE Colombian rainforest, where snail collecting for scientific purposes has been very limited. According to the label, indigenous people use the mucus of these snails for scrubbing their skin. The color pattern appears to be similar to both the yellow trait specimens of P. coloratus from Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and to P. fusitorsus (Oberwimmer, 1931) from Venezuelan Guayana.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFDEBA45FF28B6F5F448D4FB.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This very distinctive species is named after the Camaritagua, indigenous people of the region where it was found. The epithet is used as a noun in apposition.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFDEBA45FF28B14CF6F6D6FF.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Panama, Darién [?, see remarks], [Cerro] Pirri (USNM 214405).	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFDEBA45FF28B14CF6F6D6FF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. In the Canal Zone no “ Pirri Range ” could be located; in Prov. Darién, however, there is a Rio Pirri and a Cerro Pirri. This could imply a more southern occurrence of this taxon, closer to the Colombian border. This taxon was not mentioned in Thompson (2008). It is characterized by the obese body whorl, very flat early whorls, the hardly impressed suture, the wide, oval aperture and the color pattern with alternating reddish-brown and yellowish zigzag streaks on the globose last whorl. Although it seems closely allied to P. coloratus, we tentatively regard it as a distinct species.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFDCBA46FF28B1B9F7C1D1E4.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Antioquia, La Ceja: USNM 518431 (Daniel leg.), UVZ 83013; Cundinamarca, “ near Bogotá, ” Wallis leg. / 1872: ZMUZ 511584 (lectotype of ampullaroides Mousson, see Breure 1976); Meta, Villavicencio, ex Walton: DMNH 141730.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFDCBA46FF28B1B9F7C1D1E4.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is a poorly known species, which has been frequently associated with P. coloratus (see remarks under that taxon). The identification of lot DMNH 141730 remains in doubt, since it is based on a misshapen specimen.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFDDBA46FF28B3A1F4A9D763.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Ecuador, Napo, SE of Quito, between Baeza and Archidona, Nachiyacu [corrected to “ Colombia, ” see above], ex Jackson: ANSP 170693, ANSP 424993.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFDDBA46FF28B3A1F4A9D763.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species has been misinterpreted, probably due to the confusion caused by the interchange of type localities with P. oligostylus Pilsbry, 1939, published in the same paper (cf. Clench & Turner 1962). It may turn out to be mixed in with P. coloratus (see remarks under that taxon).	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFDDBA48FF28B1B8F341D02C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A medium-sized species of Plekocheilus (Eurytus) characterized by a dense, fine granulated sculpture throughout, overall yellow-brown coloration interrupted by obliquely arranged irregular bands of darker reddish brown and a weak columellar fold.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFDDBA48FF28B1B8F341D02C.taxon	description	Description. Shell up to 48 mm (mean 42.7, n = 9), about 1.58 times longer than wide, imperforate, ovate, sides convex, relatively thick. Periostracum honey yellow to amber in color, with descending oblique bands of darker reddish-brown which radiate from the suture between the penultimate and the body whorls; the edges of the axial bands irregular, with a zigzag appearance stronger in the upper part of the body whorl. Upper whorls usually lacking the axial (oblique) banding, but exhibiting a spiral sub-sutural reddish-brown band which is interrupted with equally spaced blotches of yellow. Surface shining, upper whorls with growth striae as the dominant sculpture, also including fine granules. Body whorl with oblique growth striae, the dense, fine granulation as the dominant sculpture. Granules spherical in shape, more densely on (but not restricted to) the obliquely arranged axial growth lines. Protoconch eroded. Whorls 4.2, slightly convex; suture impressed, neither descending nor ascending in front. Aperture elongate-ovate, about 1.65 times as long as wide and about 0.7 times the total shell height; plane of aperture slightly oblique to axis of shell; color within a uniform cherry to purple. Columellar margin oblique to axis of shell, with a weak, but long fold midway. Peristome somewhat expanded, reflexed, white to slightly tinted with (very) light brown; dorsally, the expanded portion ranges from white to a salmon color. Parietal wall with a thin, white-edged callus, colored purple from about midway to the upper part of the aperture. Dimensions in mm: H 37.2 – 48.0, D 23.0 – 30.0, HA 27.2 – 34.2, WA 17.1 – 21.0, LW 34.0 – 44.5, 4.2 – 4.6 whorls; holotype H 43.0, D 27.0, HA 27.9, WA 17.1, LW 39.5, 4.5 whorls.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFDDBA48FF28B1B8F341D02C.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Colombia, Valle del Cauca, Serranía de Los Paraguas, Corregimiento El Boquerón, Vereda Las Amarillas, ca. 20 km NW Municipio El Cairo, near Cerro El Inglés, [04 ° 46 ’ N 076 ° 17 ’ W], ~ 2160 m. Type material. Colombia, Valle del Cauca. Holotype: UVZ 97015 (L. A. Osorio leg., iii. 1996). Paratypes: Serranía de Los Paraguas, Corregimiento El Boquerón, Vereda Las Amarillas, ca. 20 km NW Municipio El Cairo, Cerro El Inglés: UVZ 97012 / 7, UVZ 97013 / 11 (both 7400 – 8200 ft [2222 – 2460 m], M. S. Alberico et al. leg., ii. 1987), UVZ 97014 / 2 (~ 2160 m, F. Castro leg., ii. 1996, subadults), UVZ 97019 / 2 (2120 – 2160 m, W. Bolívar leg., ix. 1996); Alto de Galápagos, road Ansermanuevo [Valle del Cauca] – San José del Palmar [Chocó], 2000 m, J. H. Restrepo leg., v. 1985: UVZ 85024 / 1. Additional material. Two additional, uncatalogued lots are available at Universidad del Valle, Cali, but no locality information is available for these lots. They are likely collected at or near the same localities as the type material: UVZ sn 004 / 1, UVZ sn 006 / 1 (subadult). Altitudinal range. The localities range from 2000 – 2460 m.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFDDBA48FF28B1B8F341D02C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This new taxon resembles P. (P.) glandiformis in its overall shape and size, and some specimens exhibit similar coloration. It differs from P. glandiformis in that P. (E.) paraguas (1) is larger (mean 42.7 mm versus 38.2 [n = 25, range 32 – 43.2]), (2) has a granulated sculpture (rather than malleated with granules), and (3) while the color elements of both species are the same (yellow and brown), P. paraguas has zigzag bands of reddishbrown that radiate from the suture, whereas P. glandiformis has an irregular distribution of both colors, giving it a blotchy appearance. Shell coloration is somewhat variable, but this may be an artifact of preservation; fresh specimens exhibit an overall yellow-brown color. Some specimens, preserved in alcohol for extended time (i. e., several years) exhibit an overall honey color, with little or no banding. The color within the aperture is uniform cherry to purple, but exterior bands and mottling shining through in immature specimens; in alcohol-bleached specimens the shells appear completely white. Field notes associated with UVZ 97019 state that in life the foot is a cream color, with no additional remarks.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFDDBA48FF28B1B8F341D02C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named after the Serranía de Los Paraguas, Valle del Cauca / Chocó, the general region from which all known material was collected. The specific epithet is used as a noun in apposition.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFD3BA48FF28B6E8F3C8D79F.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Antioquia, Frontina: ANSP 362091; La Ceja: UVZ 83013, USNM 518431 (Daniel leg., as P. ampullaroides Nyst); Boyacá, Muzo, Hno. Apolinar María leg.: MCZ 80477; Sogamoso: UF 166220 [not seen], DMNH 141726; Humbo: ANSP 166102 (H. A. Pilsbry & J. H. Ferriss leg. / 1922), DMNH 128663 (P. Sánchez leg. / 1935); Caldas, Marmato, ex Bland: MCZ 154021; Chocó, Pangala, ca. 40 km N of Palestina, Rio San Juán, Malkin leg. / 1972: FMNH 174879; Cundinamarca, Bogotá: FMNH 31074, FMNH 31113, UF 109851, UF 166221 [not seen], ZMUZ 511582 [not seen]), BMNH 1894.2.28.4 (partim, Cuming Colln), CMC C 10787 (ex Fulton), CMC C 11080, USNM 532639, UMMZ 147721, UMMZ 242809 (Marsh Colln), DMNH 76770 (partim), DMNH 137441, DMNH 137441 (“ from Da Costa’s collector, ” Jackson Colln), RMNH; “ Meta Dept., Bogotá: ” UF 22134 [not seen]; Fusagasugá, Hno. Apolinar María leg.: MCZ 136467; Las Mercedes, Municipio Sasaima, 1700 – 1800 m, E. Mutis leg. / 1958: FMNH 114049; La Mesa (San Javier), 1000 – 1100 m, Hernández leg. / 1955: FMNH 114142; Los Alpes near El Rosario, W slope with forest, 1700 m, Hausdorf leg.: ZMH 4312; Cachipay: Finca El Porvenir, primary forest, 1600 m, Hausdorf leg. / 2000: ZMH 4302; Fusagasugá: ANSP 170739; Magdalena, Finca “ La Granja ” Cerro San Lorenzo, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Medem et al. leg. / 1964: FMNH 187286, FMNH 187287, FMNH 187683; Ciénaga: CM 62.2565; Quindío, “ Quenden Mts., Colombia ” [= Quindío Mountains] (Abbott 1989); Santander, Los Santos, Creutzberg leg.: RMNH; Reme de San Gil [San Gil?], Hno. Apolinar María leg.: MCZ 192465; Tolima?, “ between La Plata and Tocaima ” (type locality);?, “ Colombia: ” BMNH Reg. No. 1895.9.30.1, 1899.1.30.33, UMMZ 242805 (as P. coloratus). “ North Colombia, ” leg. / 1893: FMNH 411 (as P. coloratus lamarckianus). “ New Granada: ” USNM 104909 (ex Gibbon, labeled as “ type, ” see remarks), DMNH 150979 (partim, ex Walton), UMMZ 147720 (ex Rolle).?, “ Bolivia ” Ponsonby Colln: UMMZ 147719. Altitudinal range. Few actual elevation records, ranging 10 – 2460 m.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFD3BA48FF28B6E8F3C8D79F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The type locality could be in the Rio Magdalena valley WSW of Tocaima, but doubt remains (see remarks under P. (P.) glandiformis). A specimen labeled as “ Type ” from Dr. Gibbon is in USNM (lot 104909). It has proven difficult to match it with the original illustration in Lea (1838: fig. 99). We found several specimens of this taxon in various museums, under the name of P. coloratus. This species has been reported from Brazil, without a precise locality (Simone 2006: 149). There are three places with the name “ Marmato ” in the GNS gazetteer, in Antioquia, Caldas and Cauca. We refer this to Caldas, given the fact that Pilsbry (1899: 206) cites “ Marmato and [...] Salamina, ” the latter place being in Caldas. In addition, Marmato in Caldas is the better known place; it lies in the valley of the Cauca river. “ Bolivia ” may refer to one of several populated places with that name in Colombia (see Remarks under P. (P.) glandiformis), since P. gibbonius is not known with certainty from localities outside of Colombia.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFD3BA4BFF28B1A3F472D34C.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Ecuador. Chimborazo, Mt. Chimborazo, 21424 ft [6424 m, in error], ex Evezard Colln ex Henderson Colln: USNM 316070; Cotopaxi, Sigchos, W Latacunga: DMNH 141642; Imbabura, Ibarra: DMNH 128769; Napo, Nachiyacu: DMNH 141669; Topo: DMNH 76772, DMNH 128672, DMNH 151005); Pastaza, Mera: FMNH 202059, DMNH 141649, DMNH 183697; Puyo: DMNH 141684; Pichincha: DMNH 141681; Milpe: UF 166225 [not seen], DMNH 141658; Mindo: DMNH 141664, UF 166226 (near Rio Blanco) [not seen]; Nanegal: EPN; Pacto: EPN; Pintag: EPN; Gualea: FMNH 61138, FMNH 31173, CM 106225 (A. Cousin leg. / 1898); Quito, Stearns Colln: UMMZ 13841.?, “ Ecuador: ” CMC C 11056, CMC C 11057, FMNH 100722, RMNH.? “ Peru, ” F. M. Hele leg.: UMMZ 147732.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFD3BA4BFF28B1A3F472D34C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The records available suggest that P. taylorianus is confined to Ecuador, but it may extend into northernmost Peru. Köhler (2007): 127, fig. 5 mentioned a paralectotype in Berlin (ZMB 112.722). However, the picture shown is a different species of Plekocheilus. The lots available do not have actual records of altitude, but several of the localities listed are in the ~ 2200 – 2890 m range. However, Archidona and Puyo are lower (605 and 950 m), and a wide range of altitudes exists around Mindo (1400 – 4780 m). The label of lot USNM 316070 is clearly in error as the maximum elevation of Mt. Chimborazo is 6310 m; it is likely that those specimens were collected at a much lower elevation in the foothills of Chimborazo.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFD0BA4BFF28B5D2F68FD4FF.taxon	materials_examined	Material. “ Colombia: ” ANSP 170696 (lectotype of P. oligostylus Pilsbry; type locality should be Ecuador, Nachiyacu, teste Clench and Turner 1962). Ecuador. Napo, near Baeza, Rio Quijos, Rio Napo Basin, ~ 1500 m, 80 km W Quito, A. M. Olalla leg.: DMNH 141635; Nachiyacu: DMNH 128642; Topo: DMNH 128688; Pastaza, Mera: DMNH 128644, USNM 598480; Puyo: DMNH 49367, DMNH 128667, USNM 598481; Prov. Pichincha: DMNH 128673. “ El Oriente ” [see remarks], E. Brundage (?) leg. / 1937: USNM 628797.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFD0BA4BFF28B5D2F68FD4FF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This Ecuadorian species resembles the Colombian P. gibbonius (Lea, 1838) but differs in that some specimens are less globose, it usually has a comparatively thinner shell, the upper part of the columella expands in P. gibbonius, and P. jimenezi has a thinner peristome. All Colombian specimens labeled as P. oligostylus proved to be misidentified, probably induced by the arguably erroneous locality of the type specimen (see also remarks under P. nachiyacu). Available records do not suggest an overlapping distribution for these two species since P. gibbonius has not been recorded from southern Colombia. While the precise localities available for P. jimenezi do not include the most northern Ecuadorian provinces, doubt about its range remains as we have not been able to locate Hidalgo’s type locality. Further, “ El Oriente ” (= The East) refers to a vast region of Ecuador — mainly the “ Amazonian basin ” — including parts of up to six different provinces. In addition to the single recorded elevation (1500 m), the remaining localities range from ~ 600 to 2760 m. The specimen figured by Parkinson et al. (1987: pl. 14) as this species is P. gibbonius.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFD0BA4AFF28B146F496D077.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Ecuador, Prov. Bolívar, N of Bucay, Hacienda Changuil, 450 m, R. Macias leg. / 30. ix. 1995: MUG CN-I- 523; Cotopaxi, Sigchos: DMNH 141696; Imbabura, Ibarra: DMNH 161640; Los Rios, Cerro Samana, Hacienda Clementina, 500 m, X. Comejo leg. / 3. x. 2003: MUG CN-I- 15207; Napo, Baeza: MNCN 15.05 / 3161 (2 paralectotypes of B. semipictus Hidalgo), MNCN 15.05 / 6943 (6 paralectotypes of B. semipictus Hidalgo); Pichincha, Santo Domingo de los Colorados: DMNH 141691; Tungurahua, Topo: DMNH 141700.?, “ Ecuador ” ex Fulton: UMMZ 147734.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFD0BA4AFF28B146F496D077.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Richardson (1995) grouped Simpulopsis fulguratus Miller, 1878 with this species. Although the type locality of fulguratus (“ in valli Pilatonensi ” = Prov. Pichincha, Pilatón valley) falls within the range of P. tricolor, the dimensions given by Miller (1878: 187) as “ Long. 18, diam. 13, apert. 14 / 10 mm ” clearly exclude such a grouping. We consider S. fulguratus Miller, 1878 a junior subjective synonym of Simpulopsis (Eudioptus) citrinovitrea (Moricand, 1836) (new synonymy); this species has been reported from the same area (Breure 1978). The localities listed above span a wide altitudinal range (500 – 2700 m).	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFD1BA4AFF28B4DFF61AD535.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The following species are treated from the study area: P. (E.) cardinalis, P. (E.) doliarius, and P. (E.) castaneus.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFD1BA4AFF28B306F7EFD68D.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Colombia. Nariño, Reserva La Planada, Chucunez, Ricaurte, 1770 m, G. Cantillo leg. / 1981: UVZ 81236; La Planada, Ricaurte, 1800 m: UVZ 82184 – 82188 (Cantillo leg. / 1982 [apparently preyed upon by birds]), ICNB 10564 (Linares leg. / 2005).?, Colombia: ANSP 78579 (leg. / 1900), DMNH 183698 (ex Stamford Univ.). Ecuador. Napo, Nachiyacu, between Baeza and Archidona: DMNH 141670; Topo: DMNH 129043, DMNH 151004; Pastaza, Mera, Oriente: DMNH 76769, DMNH 141648 partim; Mera, Marsh Colln, ex Jackson: UMMZ 242804; Puyo: DMNH 141685; Pichincha, Milpe: DMNH 141659; Mindo: DMNH 141665; Nanegal, Gualea, Cousin leg. / 1898: CM 106212.?, “ Ecuador: ” UMMZ 4541, UMMZ 147704 (Tomlin leg.); “ New Granada: ” RMNH.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFD1BA4AFF28B306F7EFD68D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species has hitherto been classified within Plekocheilus s. str. However, study of the lectotype reveals that the sculpture is not malleated (cf. Fig. 6 C and 6 G), but consists of strong, axial and oblique sections, that criss-cross; the intersection of longitudinal and spiral elements results in the appearance of plications, or squares that are somewhat lower than the rest of the shell. The specimens from Colombia are tentatively referred to this species; they have a much thicker lip and a rounder aperture than the lectotype, but are well within the ranges for both characters exhibited by the rest of the samples from Ecuador. The sculpture on the body whorl is also similar to the lectotype. La Planada is the first specific Colombian locality for this species, which has been collected from locations in north and central Ecuador. The elevation of La Planada is consistent with the altitudinal range of 600 – 2700 m that can be inferred from the Ecuadorian localities (although areas adjacent to Mindo reach higher elevations).	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFD1BA4AFF28B6CBF4C6D25C.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Ecuador, Prov. Loja, Malacatos: BMNH.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFD1BA4AFF28B6CBF4C6D25C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This taxon is characterized by the dark parietal callus, the granulate surface on shallow elevations of the surface (Fig. 13 I) and the color pattern with predominantly axial brown streaks. The specimen from Prov. Zamora-Chinchipe, referred to by Breure and Borrero (2008) on the basis of a photograph only, proves to belong to a different, as yet unidentified species. The type locality may be near the town of Malacatos (~ 1675 m), or may refer to a location along the Malacatos River, including higher elevations.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFD6BA4DFF28B593F3C0D6B3.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Antioquia, La Ceja: DMNH 128687, USNM 517845 (SE Medellín, Daniel leg.), ANSP 166986 (leg. / 1935); Alto de San Miguel, [Municipio de] Caldas: UAM (2045 m, M. I. Gómez leg.), UAM (A. Sierra leg. / 1997); Caldas, Pensilvania: DMNH 137442, RMNH, UVZ 83012; Cauca, “ Cauca: ” ANSP 78580, ANSP 91221 (Bonis leg.), RMNH, UMMZ 147705 (ex Fulton); “ Cauca Depto.: ” UF 206151 [not seen]; “ Cauco ” [= Cauca]: DMNH 76768; Headwaters of Rio Palo, Central Cordillera, 2900 m, Pittier leg. / 1906: USNM 251158; Cundinamarca, Bogotá: ZMUZ 511587, ZMUZ 511589 [both not seen]); Guayabetal, on road between Bogotá and Villavicencio: RMNH; Huila, La Plata, Reserva Forestal Meremberg, ~ 2300 m: UVZ 82258 (E. Buttkus leg. / 1982), UVZ 82300 (Kattan leg. / 1982), UVZ 83002 (Kattan leg. / 1983); Nariño, El Palusar [sic, probably El Palmar], 1300 m: NRS 2754, NRS 2755 (both as P. coloratus); Quindío?, “ Vegas of the River Quenden: ” BMNH; Risaralda, Santuario de Fauna y Flora Otún-Quimbaya, Corregimiento La Florida, 1850 – 2250 m: GK; Tolima, “ Fresno, near Santa Ana, ” Bland leg.: ANSP 66412; “ Upper Magdalena Valley ” (Pilsbry 1895 [1895 – 1896]: 86); El Espinal: DMNH 137440; Toche, ca. 55 km NW Ibagué, 2500 m: NRS 2752 (as P. coloratus); Valle del Cauca, Hacienda Santelina, Vereda Janeiro, Corregimiento La Magdalena, Buga, 2100 m, V. Rojas leg. / 1999: UVZ 99100; Buga, road Buga – El Crisol, watershed Rio Guadalajara, 1800 – 2200 m, I. Cabrera leg. / 1985: UVZ 85010; Finca El Manzano (Betania), Mpio. Bolívar, 1700 m, Velasco & J. H. Restrepo leg. / 1984: UVZ 84008; Hacienda Cristales, Municipio Sevilla, road Barragán – Sevilla, 2100 m, Rojas leg. / 1999: UVZ 99108; Vereda La Débora, 20 km above Trujillo and 4.8 km above Venecia, 2050 m, P. Silverstone leg. / 1982: UVZ 82048; Cerro El Inglés, El Cairo, Vereda Las Amarillas: UVZ 97020 (2160 m, W. Bolívar leg. / 1997), UVZ sn 13 (2000 m, Rojas leg.); Serranía de Los Paraguas, Alto de Galápagos, C. Murcia leg. / 1994: UVZ 97016.?, “ Andes U. S. Colombia, ” ex Redfield Colln: USNM 307389. “ New Granada, ” MacAndrew Colln.: BMNH, Altitudinal range. The localities indicated comprise a range of 1300 – 2900 m.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFD6BA4DFF28B593F3C0D6B3.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The type locality is near Fresno, where a “ Santa Ana ” is located at 05 ° 07 ’ 33 ” N 74 ° 57 ’ 09 ” W. This species is similar to P. gibbonius, particularly when subadult specimens are examined. P. castaneus can be distinguished in having a generally thinner shell, a more oval aperture, and a much weaker columellar fold. In addition, P. castaneus almost always has brown / maroon interior and edges of the peristome, whereas P. gibbonius frequently (but not always) has lighter coloration in both areas. There is partial overlap in the distribution of these species, particularly in central Colombia; however, the records available suggest that P. gibbonius extends further north (i. e., Boyacá, Santander, Magdalena), whereas P. castaneus extends further south (Cauca, Huila).	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFD6BA4DFF28B7EBF20AD38F.taxon	distribution	Distribution.?, “ New Granada, ” ex Walton: DMNH 150979 partim; “ Sao Pablo, Columbia, ” ex Rolle, Walker Colln: UMMZ 147712. Ecuador, Carchi, Hacienda Paramba: BMNH, RBINS, SMF (Breure & Borrero 2008).	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFD6BA4DFF28B7EBF20AD38F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. P. doliarius bears similarity with P. (E.) gibbonius (Lea, 1838), a species that has not been reported from southern Colombia. Examination of the type material of both species reveals differences in shape and sculpture. We tentatively consider P. doliarius a distinct taxon. The sculpture of the shell places this taxon in the Group of P. cardinalis, from which it differs by the uniform color and the more regularly globose last whorl. Occurrence of this species in Colombia has not been confirmed. “ Sao Pablo, Columbia ” may refer to any of a great number of locations named San Pablo, both in Colombia and in Ecuador; it is likely that it refers to a location near the border between these two countries. “ Paramba, ” in northwestern Ecuador, is located at approximately 1050 m.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFD7BA4CFF28B7EBF7CBD009.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The following species are treated from the study area: P. (E.) pulicarius, P. (E.) labiosus and P. (E.) piperitus.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFD7BA4FFF28B612F3D4D26C.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Boyacá, near Chiquinquirá, road Bogotá – Leyva: FMNH 109720, RMNH; Sora, W of Tunja, Breistroffer leg.: FMNH 109721; Guatoque: RBINS; Salchica, S of Leyva, leg. / 1949: FMNH 109722; small gorge S of Villa de Leyva, near quarry, 2350 m, Hausdorf leg. / 2000: ZMH 4116; Villa de Leyva: UAM (Daza & Estrada leg. / 1991), UVZ 83017, ZMH 4199 (oak forest near Manantiales de Iguaque in Vereda Capilla I, W slope, 2600 m, Hausdorf leg. / 2000), ZMH 4212 (5.8 km towards Gachantivá, dry forest of La Cabrera in Vereda La Sabana, 2170 m, Hausdorf leg. / 2000); 10 km NE of Villa de Leyva, 2350 m, Breure leg. / 1975: RMNH; 9 km NE of Villa de Leyva, Vereda La Capilla, Finca Buena Vista, sandstones at roadside, 2380 m, Hausdorf leg. / 2000: ZMH 4220; Villa de Leyva, Cañon de Mamaramo near Carrizal, entrance to Santuario de Flora y Fauna Iguaque, Andean forest, 2920 m, Hausdorf leg. / 2000: ZMH 4225; Villa de Leyva, Sector Rio La Colorada: ICNB (in front of auditorium, 2900 m, S. Obando leg. / 2000), UVZ 97017 (2580 m, Murcia leg. / 1997); Villa de Leyva, Sector Robledal, 2100 m, D. Campos leg. / 2000: ICNB; Alto de Verea Suscon, 7 km NW of Sogamoso, 2850 m, Olsson leg. / 1935: ANSP 166109; 7 km NW of Sogamoso, Olsson leg.: FMNH 78743; NW of Sagamoso [= Sogamoso]: DMNH 76788; Moniquirá: ZMH 4152 (5.4 km towards Arcabuco, roadside and SW exposed rocks near quarry Cantera el Porvenir in La Roca, 2150 m, Hausdorf leg. / 2000), ZMH 4161 (disturbed forest near quarry Cantera El Porvenir in La Roca, 2150 m, Hausdorf leg.); Iguaque Reserve (Medina 2007 b); Tunja: ZMH 4339; “ Boyacá-Cooper ” [most likely Coper], 2300 m, leg. / 1996: MLSB; Tunja, Cerro El Motorista, road Tunja – Barbosa, 2850 m, F. Escarilla leg. / 2004: ICNB; Macunal [probably Macanal]: DMNH 148705; Paipa (Femorale, as P. elaeodes (Pfr. )); road “ Alto Gutida – 3 Susacón, ” 3070 m, under trunks of Espeletia sp., P. M. Ruiz et al. leg. / 1981: ICNB 0374; Muzo, 6800 ft [~ 2042 m], ex Rolle: UMMZ 147728; Cundinamarca, Valle de Tensa, M. Gonzalez leg. / 1929: ANSP (types of Plectostylus virgatus Pilsbry, 1935); Monteredondo, 2475 m, leg. / 1956: ANSP 323420; Salina de Sesquilé, E of Zipaquirá, NE of Bogotá: FMNH 109742; Zipaquirá, 2800 m, ex MCZ: MZSP 14642; Chicaque (Medina 2007 b); Vereda El Vijón; La Calera, Escuela de Caballería; La Calera, Cementos Samper (all Medina 2007 a); La Calera: S of Entrada Fábrica de Cemento Samper, degraded Andean forest, NW slope, 2750 m, Hausdorf leg. / 2000: ZMH 4080; La Calera: ZMH 4033 (0.5 km towards Bogotá, farm La Cabrera, Vereda San Rafael, Andean forest, NW slope, 2830 m, Hausdorf leg. / 2000), ZMH 4065 (N slope, 2840 m), USNM 488854 (N Bogota, Haught leg. / 1947), (Abbott 1989, as P. virgatus); Alto del Sisga, Andean forest, N slope, 2890 m, Hausdorf leg. / 2000: ZMH 4102; Cachipay 5.5 km towards Zipacón: small brook in forest with sandstone boulders, 2200 m, Hausdorf leg. / 2000: ZMH 4294; Laguna de La Herrera, 2600 m, Jaramillo leg.: RMNH; Mosquera, Creutzberg leg. / 1968: RMNH; Bogotá, Distrito Especial: UF 109858 [not seen]; Bogotá: FMNH 413, FMNH 31061, FMNH 31075, FMNH 125490 [as P. delicatus] RMNH), BMNH Acc. no. 1829 (Cuming Colln), USNM 307380 (ex Webb), CM 106213 (ex S. I. Da Costa), UMMZ 160943 (Walker Colln), CMC C 10792 - 10794 (ex Fulton?); above Bogotá, leg. / 1956, 2800 – 3000 m: FMNH 114077; “ Near Bogotá, Colombia. Extinct? ” (Abbott, 1989, as P. pulicarius); Bogotá, above Military Hospital, 2800 m, leg. / 1956: ANSP 323505; Fusagasugá, V. Guevara leg. / 1934: ANSP 164574; “ Antiochia Bogota ” [unclear entry: actual location unknown]: ZMUZ 511624 [not seen]; Chingaza: UMB; “ Cundinamarca, ” O. V. Castaño leg.: ICNB; La Guajira, “ La Goajira: ” ANSP 170738 (Hno. Apolinar María leg. / 1925); ANSP 164575 (V. Guevara & Hno. Apolinar María leg. / 1927); Meta, Municipio Fuente de Oro, km 9 road Puerto Limón – Puerto Lleras, Vereda La Esperanza, Finca La Virginia, left margin of Rio Ariari, 300 m, H. Romero leg. / 1983: ICNB [see remarks]; Nariño, Pasto: UF 166223 [not seen]; Valle del Cauca, Depresión El Crucero, 9 km S of Barragán (among frailejones [Espeletia sp.]), D. Henao leg. / 1988: UVZ 97037; near Páramo de Barragán, ~ 3100 m, L. A. Neira leg. / 1996: UVZ 97033;?, Colombia: FMNH 31275, UMMZ 147718 (Lathrop leg., as P. glandiformis), UMMZ 238570 (Marsh Colln, as P. glandiformis); New Granada: FMNH 100638, ZMUZ 511625 [not seen]. Venezuela. Mérida, Mountain SE Timotes, Cordillera de Mérida, 3350 – 3400 m, Beets leg. / 1954: RMNH. Altitudinal range. Most records range between 1700 – 3000 m, with a maximum at 3400 m. See also remarks.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFD7BA4FFF28B612F3D4D26C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. In describing Plectostylus virgatus, Pilsbry (1935) stated that P. pulicarius is “ much plumper. ” He also referred to the suture of P. virgatus as descending first and then ascending to the lip, and to the coral-pink color of the peristome. We find these differences inconsistent when examining all samples available, and varying within and among samples of P. pulicarius. P. mabillei (Crosse, 1867) is known from the original collection only, and the type locality is not precise. Pilsbry (1895 [1895 – 1896]: 80) mentioned small differences in the epidermis, shape, columellar margin, and width of the umbilical chink of P. mabillei and P. pulicarius. We feel that P. mabillei falls within the range of variation of P. pulicarius. Examination of the type material of all three named taxa, and consideration of the partially sympatric distribution of P. pulicarius and P. virgatus leads us to synonymize them all under P. pulicarius (Reeve). As currently understood, a great deal of variation is observed among samples of this species in terms of (a) shell shape (from relatively globose to high spired specimens), (b) shell thickness; (c) coloration (from very dark maroon / purple to tawny with brown marks), and (d) sculpture (from nearly smooth to deeply impressed growth lines). Spanning from La Guajira in the north, to Nariño in the south, its distribution includes the entire length of Colombia, mostly between the Central and Eastern Cordilleras, and may extend to the east into Venezuela (one record available). We have found no records from western Colombia. We have no explanation for Abbott’s (1989) statement (“ Near Bogotá, Colombia. Extinct? ”), as this continues to be a relatively common and abundant species mainly in Cundinamarca and Boyacá (Hausdorf, Medina, Vera, pers. comm.). The record from Meta, from a locality at an unusually low elevation for this species, needs further confirmation.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFD4BA4EFF28B4BAF597D34C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A medium-sized Plekocheilus (Eurytus) characterized by a very expanded and reflexed peristome, sculpture of fine longitudinal growth striae, and well defined columellar fold.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFD4BA4EFF28B4BAF597D34C.taxon	description	Description. Shell 40.2 mm, about 1.63 times longer than wide, imperforate, ovate, sides strongly convex, relatively thick. Periostracum very thin, honey in color. Shell color pattern consisting of irregularly arranged light brown blotches, but these do not coalesce into a pattern. Surface (hardly) shining, sculptured with more or less regularly spaced, fine axial growth striae (37 to a centimeter in the ventral portion of the last whorl). Each stria consists of series of short sections or elongated granules, regularly interrupted by lower and shorter longitudinal sections, giving the impression that the striae are “ beaded, ” quite noticeable under magnification. The lower sections are also arranged in a uniform manner, so a spiral pattern of grooves is formed, only evident under magnification. This pattern is present in all sub-apical whorls, but is stronger in the body whorl. Protoconch partly eroded, but with what may be a granular sculpture, thus not inconsistent with that typical of Plekocheilus (Eurytus) (Breure 1979). Whorls 5.5, convex, more so the last whorl; suture simple, impressed, hardly descending, going up again before the attachment of the outer lip to the last whorl. Aperture sub-ovate, about 1.6 times as long as wide and about 0.69 times the total shell height; color within light brown, with a few irregular spots of the same color as those in the external coloration. Columellar margin straight initially, then bending to an angle of about 140 ° between the upper and lower portions; a well defined columellar fold is present midway. Peristome very expanded and reflexed, but not thickened; the widest portion approximately 1 / 6 of the aperture width. Parietal wall with a thin, white callus. Dimensions in mm: holotype H 40.2, D 24.7, HA 27.7, WA 17.2, LW 34.5, 5.5 whorls. Paratype H 74, D 43, HA 59.2, WA 33, LW 64.7, 5.5 whorls.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFD4BA4EFF28B4BAF597D34C.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Colombia, Cundinamarca, Parque Nacional Chingaza, Embalse de Chuza [04 ° 37 ’ N 073 ° 43 ’ W], ~ 3100 m. Type material. Holotype UVZ 97034, C. Alvarez leg., ii. 1997. Paratype: UMMZ 13843, “ Colombia, ” ex Stearns Colln.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFD4BA4EFF28B4BAF597D34C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This new taxon resembles P. (E.) pulicarius in general shape, size and sculpture. P. pulicarius exhibits a wide variation in coloration, the lighter forms being similar to P. labiosus. It is easily distinguishable from P. pulicarius in that P. labiosus has a considerably wider, more expanded peristome. The holotype is a partially worn shell, bleached mostly dorsally and laterally, lacking part of the periostracum. The paratype is in better condition, with the periostracum nearly complete, but lacks precise locality information. The paratype is substantially larger than the holotype, but the shape of the shells and ratios among the measurements presented above are remarkably similar. Describing this species on the basis of only two shells and a single locality is justified on the basis of the unique features exhibited by this new taxon. No other species of Plekocheilus from northwestern South America has a similar dramatically expanded and reflexed peristome, making it unique and novel. The type locality is not exactly precise, as the specimen was collected dead, presumably on the side of Embalse Chuza, and the elevation given is approximate. Plekocheilus (A.) succineoides co-occurs with P. labiosus at this general locality; this species has a wide distribution mainly in the Altiplano Cundi-Boyacense; the two species are easily separated by shape, sculpture and coloration. Ecology. The holotype was found “ between stones, with grasses and isolated trees. ”	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFD4BA4EFF28B4BAF597D34C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. labiosus (Latin), having large lips. The name refers to the remarkably expanded peristome of this species. The specific epithet is an adjective.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFD5BA4EFF28B5C8F7ECD437.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Ecuador, Tungurahua, Rio Pastaza watershed, ex E. Doremus: DMNH 56470; “ Ecuador: ” USNM 316099 (ex Henderson Colln, ex Evezard Colln, as P. piperitus roseolabrum), USNM 532641 (ex Fulton, as Eurytus piperitus roseolabrum). Brazil, Amazonas, Igarapé Anibá [<100 m], Rio Amazonas, Olalla leg. / 1936: CMC C 11210;?, Tapajos River (Simone 2006). Peru, San Martín, Huallaga; “ Peru: ” CMC C 11743.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFD5BA4EFF28B5C8F7ECD437.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is known from northern Peru and northwestern Brazil (Ramírez et al. 2003; Simone 2006), and was not mentioned under this name by Breure and Borrero (2008) for the Ecuadorian malacofauna. It may be restricted to lowlands (Huallaga is ~ 310 m; “ Rio Pastaza watershed ” may refer to anywhere in a wide range of elevations). The date of Sowerby’s publication of P. piperitus was erroneously given as 1833 by Breure (1979). Recently, Petit (2009) has given a valuable overview on the main publications of the Sowerby family; from his paper the correct date (1837) can be extracted (see also Shaw 1909). Lots USNM 316099 and 532641 associate this species with Plekocheilus (E.) roseolabrum (E. A. Smith 1877), which is considered here as a distinct species from Ecuador.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFD5BA51FF28B20BF50DD077.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Cesar, Rio Guatapurí, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta: USNM 599530 (8000 – 9000 ft [~ 2400 – 2700 m], Carriker leg. / 1946, as Plekocheilus coloratus lamarckianus), USNM 599524, partim (12000 ft [~ 3600 m], as P. coloratus subplicatus), USNM 599525 (as P. coloratus subplicatus); La Guajira, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Páramos de Macotama, 10000 – 15000 ft [~ 3000 – 4500 m], Carriker leg.: ANSP 151815; Cerro Pintado, Sierra de Perijá, 10300 – 10600 ft [~ 3090 – 3180 m], Carriker leg. / 1942, all as P. (E.) piperatoides: FMNH 62362; USNM 488807, USNM 488808 [Label indicates one specimen was collected at 9000 ft], MCZ 183872); Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, “ northern slope, above Pueblo vigio [Pueblo Viejo], 1400 m: ” ZMB 39226 [considered as topotypes by Köhler 2007: 127, fig. 6]; Magdalena, Cuchilla Güinue, Cleef et al. leg. / 1977, in páramo vegetation (Calamagrostis sp. dominant) (Breure 1977, 1984): RMNH (Filo Alto La Cumbre, 3700 m), ICNB (3000 m). Altitudinal range. 1400 – 4500 m. If the material has been correctly labeled, this represents the highest elevation reported here for species of Plekocheilus and Dryptus.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFD5BA51FF28B20BF50DD077.taxon	discussion	Remarks. We consider Köhler’s decision (2007) to regard specimens from Pueblo Viejo as topotypes as somewhat arbitrary, as there is no evidence that Dunker’s specimens originate from that specific locality. The specimens from Sierra de Perijá, Cerro Pintado are tentatively referred to this species, as they differ in being smaller and having the lip and parietal callus pink.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFCABA50FF28B054F57FD094.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Nariño, Pasto (type locality).?, Bogotá, leg. / 1902: MZSP 49310.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFCABA50FF28B054F57FD094.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Breure (1979) listed this species under Plekocheilus s. str .. In the original description, Dunker mentions “ irregular spots and streaks under a translucent (...) epidermis. ” There is no mention of the malleation characteristic of this subgenus. Examination of the original figures reveals that the sculpture seems to consist of spiral lines crossed by similarly sized axial lines. This excludes it from the nominate subgenus. In the São Paulo museum we found one specimen that corresponds to Dunker’s description and closely fits the figures. Unfortunately, the label has the imprecise locality “ Bogotá. ”	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFCBBA50FF28B6B2F22AD37C.taxon	materials_examined	Type species by original designation: Bulimus distortus Bruguière, 1789.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFCBBA50FF28B6B2F22AD37C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. West Indies (Grenada, Trinidad), Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, Brazil, Colombia, Panama.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFCBBA53FF28B5CAF3D5D0DC.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Boyacá, Santa María, above Rio Bata, 1200 m, I. López leg. / 2000: ICNB; Chocó, Arcandi [= Acandí], Keep leg.: UF 109938 [not seen]; Acandí, M. Smith leg. / 1930: ANSP 150245; Córdoba, Quebrada Cenisa, branch of Rio Canalete, Olsson leg.: ANSP 160149; Cundinamarca, Las Mercedes, road to Fute, Bojacá, 2600 – 2700 m, Camacho leg. / 1962: FMNH 187571; Monteredondo, 1300 m, in coffee plantation, leg. 1956: ANSP 323421; Monteredondo, km 75 on road Bogotá – Villavicencio, Scheible & Frohmund leg. / 1961: FMNH 114169; Monteredondo, km 73 highway Bogotá – Villavicencio: FMNH 84758 (Medem leg.), FMNH 114076 (Medem leg. / 1956), FMNH 114170 (Scheible leg. / 1959); Meta, Caño Grande, near Villavicencio, S. Rengifo leg. / 1946: MCZ 177966; near Villavicencio, Hno. Apolinar María leg.: MCZ 80482; Rio Ocoa, 450 m, Richter leg.: MCZ 146359; La Marcarena [= La Macarena], Camp No. 2, far from border of Rio Guayabero, 300 – 500 m, Medem leg. / 1959: FMNH 114168; Trin [= El Trin], Upper Rio Guaviare, leg. 1956: ANSP 323487; Upper Rio Güejar country, ca. 400 m, Medem leg. / 1950: ANSP 196267; Restrepo: MCZ 80483 (ex J. Bequaert), UVZ 81108; Rio Guamal, San Martín, 520 m, Richter leg.: MCZ 145218; San Martín, Vereda La Marina, 420 m, C. Medellín leg. / 2006: ICNB; Norte de Santander, San José de Cúcuta: ANSP 25420 – 25421 (syntypes of bisuturalis Pilsbry); FMNH 72271 (this specimen is labeled “ ex ANSP 25421 ” and “ paratopotype, ” thus also a syntype); Cucutá [Cúcuta], Hno. Nicéforo María leg.: ANSP 170745.?, Colombia: DMNH 75368, DMNH 183930; Andes of New Granada, ex Cuming Colln: BMNH Acc. no. 1829. Panama, Darién, Boca Rio Paya, Wetmore leg. / 1959: USNM 612109; near Tapalisa River, 2000 ft [~ 600 m], Handley & B. R. Feinstein leg.: USNM 629221; Empire, Canal Zone, E. Goldman leg.: USNM 424151; Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone, J. Zetek leg.: UMMZ 146753. Venezuela, Carabobo, Puerto Cabello: USNM 105193; Táchira, Estación Táchira: FMNH 145881; La Fría: UMMZ 48017, UMMZ 232626 (ex Marsh). “ San Estaban Venezuela ” [= Esteban?], Marsh Colln: UMMZ 232625; “ Venezuela: ” CMC C 10880 – C 10884, CMC C 11711, UMMZ 232628. Altitudinal range. The localities listed comprise a range from just above sea level (Acandí, Rio Paya) to 2700 m.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFCBBA53FF28B5CAF3D5D0DC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species ranges from Panama, across all Colombian cordilleras to the eastern plains and into Venezuela. Although we present few records, P. distortus is known to be widely distributed in Venezuela; Tello (1975) reported this species from the following additional Estados in Venezuela: Anzoátegui, Distrito Federal, Guárico, Miranda, Nueva Esparta, and Sucre. There are many locations named San Esteban in Venezuela, including those in Estados Lara, Falcón and Carabobo. Thus, the distribution of P. distortus is primarily in northern Venezuela extending to the eastern end of this country. However, its distribution in the Meta area of Colombia (this paper) and in Brazil (Simone 2006), suggests a broader distribution in northern South America.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFC8BA53FF28B2A9F360D7FD.taxon	materials_examined	Material.?, Colombia (Parodiz, 1962). “ Neu Granada. ” Lectotype of B. spectrum Albers (ZMB); New Granada, leg. 1856 (ZMUZ 511697 [not seen]). Venezuela, “ Mérida ” ex Fulton (UMMZ 146743).	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFC8BA52FF28B049F63AD077.taxon	materials_examined	Material.?, Colombia: FMNH 31471. Brazil: CMC C 10872 – C 10874. Trinidad: CMC C 11058 – C 11060. Grenada: UMMZ 24176 (Stearns Colln, as Bulimus glabra var. grenadensis Guppy), UMMZ 232631 (Marsh Colln), UMMZ 146768 (L. B. Brown leg., as Auris glabra granadensis Guppy).	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFC8BA52FF28B049F63AD077.taxon	discussion	Remarks. We only tentatively consider this species as occurring in Colombia (see under species erroneously or doubtfully reported from Colombia). Simone’s (2006: 151) record of the presence of this species in Brazil remains questionable.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFC9BA52FF28B6CBF5E2D3F7.taxon	materials_examined	Material.?, Columbia, Cuming Colln: BMNH Acc. no. 1829; New Granada: ZMUZ 511698 [not seen]. Venezuela. Carabobo, Puerto Cabello: DMNH 75366, UMMZ 146773 (ex Rolle).	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFC9BA52FF28B6CBF5E2D3F7.taxon	discussion	Remarks. We consider this a Venezuelan species.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFC9BA52FF28B44BF3BED59B.taxon	materials_examined	Material.?, “ Columbia, ” leg. / 1850: ZMUZ 511700 [not seen], ZMUZ 511701 [not seen] (leg. / 1874); New Granada, leg. / 1852: ZMUZ 511702 [not seen]; New Granada, Colombia, ex Fulton: USNM 532647; New Granada, ex Tomlin: UMMZ 146774. Venezuela. Portuguesa, Rio Guargüero, tributary of Rio Anís, F. Wesselingh leg.: RMNH; Trujillo, Agua de Obispo, ex Cuming: MCZ 222369 (“ Cotype ” = paralectotype).	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFC9BA52FF28B44BF3BED59B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. We consider this a Venezuelan species. The type locality is located at 2300 m.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFC9BA52FF28B3A0F633D784.taxon	materials_examined	Material.?, Colombia, Cuming Colln: BMNH Acc. no. 1829; New Granada: ZMUZ 511684 [not seen]. Venezuela. Amazonas (records in Breure 2009); Aragua, path to Rico Periquito, Estación Biológica Rancho Grande, leg. / 1956: UMMZ 208416; Caracas D. F., Tacagua, Marcuzzi leg. / 1948: USNM 592896.?, “ Venezuela: ” CMC C 10888 – 10889, CMC C 10993 – 10994, UMMZ 146776 (J. Ford leg.).	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFC9BA52FF28B3A0F633D784.taxon	discussion	Remarks. To our knowledge, this taxon is confined to the Cordillera de la Costa in Venezuela and eastwards. The records from “ Colombia ” and “ New Granada ” must thus be treated with suspicion. We consider this a Venezuelan species.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFCEBA55FF28B239F3FAD71C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is a lot from [Colombia. Santander,] Hacienda Santanas, Rio Lebrija Valley, 1000 ft [~ 300 m], Carriker leg. / 1949 (USNM 601781, as P. coloratus subplicatus Pfr.) which we were unable to place. The subadult specimen resembles P. piperatoides, a taxon which we consider to occur in northeastern Colombia.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFCEBA55FF28B7EBF28AD04E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The description given by Pfeiffer (cf. Pilsbry 1895 [1895 – 1896]: 86) and the figures (Pfeiffer 1853 c: pl. 30 figs 23 – 24) do not seem to match completely. Pfeiffer’s information suggests that this taxon may prove to be a synonym of P. pulicarius (Reeve, 1848). We have not been able to find material that can be attributed to this taxon.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFCEBA55FF28B6CDF221D365.taxon	discussion	Remarks. We have been unable to recognize this taxon in the material we have seen. The original figures suggest that it may prove to be a synonym of P. plectostylus (Pfeiffer, 1848). The location of the type is unknown.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFCEBA55FF28B5B6F509D2C1.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The Dohrn collection was destroyed during World War II (Dance 1966). This taxon has not been recognized since its original description.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFCEBA55FF28B35AF5AED5E2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. One specimen at UVZ (not catalogued) from Nariño, La Rejoya, Buesaco [1500 – 2200 m], resembles P. succineoides in the general shape and the interrupted subsutural dark band, but has some resemblance to P. calliostoma in having a hint of pink in the apertural lip.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFCFBA54FF28B133F4ADD7BD.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is restricted to Venezuela, Cordillera de Mérida.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFCFBA54FF28B4D6F4FCD51A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. We have found no evidence that this species occurs in Colombia.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFCFBA54FF28B321F626D5CC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. There is no well-based evidence that this species — known from the West Indies (Grenada) — occurs on the mainland.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFCFBA54FF28B248F4F5D481.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This and the next two species probably only occur in Venezuela.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFCFBA54FF28B55DF448D3B7.taxon	discussion	Remarks. We have doubts whether the few, imprecise Colombian localities given for this species really are from Colombia. We consider this a species from northern Venezuela.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFCFBA54FF28B58BF5D0D245.taxon	discussion	Remarks. We consider this a Venezuelan species.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFCFBA54FF28B07EF24ED6BA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Under this heading we mention a lot (MCZ 218194) labelled as “ Plekocheilus corticosus gravidior ”, “ holotype ” from “ Colombia, ” without further data. Although it is different from P. corticosus and from all known species of Plekocheilus from northern South America, lack of sufficient data prevents further treatment here.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFCCBA57FF28B413F517D529.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This taxon, described as Bulimus victor from Antioquia, is listed by Breure and Schouten (1985) under the subfamily Orthalicinae (= family Orthalicidae sensu Breure et al. 2010). The affiliation of this taxon to Plekocheilus as used by Pilsbry (1895 [1895 – 1896]) and Richardson (1995) is uncertain. It will be treated in a forthcoming paper in this series.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFCCBA57FF28B525F7C8D236.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The type material of this taxon has not been located in the Paris museum (V. Héros, pers. comm.). However, we found some material that fits the description of Crosse, labeled “ Plekocheilus corydon, Ecuador, Mindo ” (DMNH 141666). This material has strong similarities to P. phoebus mentioned above and might prove to be a synonym.	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
5C37A735FFCCBA57FF28B636F5E0D306.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Studying the lectotype (BMNH 1975143), we noticed that the shape of the shell is unlike other Plekocheilus species. It has an acute spire with the nucleus of the protoconch sunken, the last whorl slightly angulated at the periphery and a bi-colored band below the suture. The protoconch is entirely smooth and it probably belongs to the Orthalicidae (sensu Breure et al. 2010).	en	Borrero, Francisco J., Breure, Abraham S. H. (2011): The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas. Zootaxa 3054: 1-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895
