taxonID	type	description	language	source
5C21FF550E39FFFFFDB4FEB6FC491D81.taxon	materials_examined	Examined materials (15 specimens) BANGLADESH: Chapai Nawabganj: IABHU 3889 – 3890, males; Barguna: IABHU 3891, female; IABHU 3892, male; IABHU 4141 – 4143, males; IABHU 4147, male; Narsingdi: IABHU 3893, male; IABHU 3894, female; IABHU 4154, female; IABHU 4155, male; Panchagarh: IABHU 4214 ‒ 4215, males; Mymensingh: IABHU 4219, female. Descriptive characters Small-sized frog with a SVL of 28.7 – 34.7 mm in males and 41.2 – 41.8 mm in females. Snout rounded and head moderately elongated. White or off-white dorsolateral folds running from behind the eye to the groin, usually (14 of 15 specimens here observed) with a dark brown band following on dorsal side of folds, but no middorsal line (fig. 6 A). Tympanum distinct and slightly smaller than the eye. Limbs slender (fig. 6 C). Tips of fingers dilated into small discs. Fingers free; relative finger length F 1 <F 2 <F 4 <F 3 (fig. 7 I). Tips of toes more prominently dilated into small discs with ventro-lateral grooves; relative toe length T 1 <T 2 <T 3 <T 5 <T 4 (fig. 7 M). Two and half phalanges of the fourth toe free of webbing (fig. 6 E; 7 M). Dorsal and ventral skin smooth with granular zone in the thigh region (fig. 6 C). Color in life Body surface varying in color from brown to slightly greenish. Dorsolateral folds usually bordered by a brown band on dorsal side: numerous specimens from Bangladesh examined show brown bands, but the specimen presented in fig. 6 A (reared in captive condition in the Amphibian Research Center, Hiroshima University, Japan) has a particular color pattern, with green back showing white dorsolateral fold but no brown bands. Surface of the limbs slightly yellowish with few scattered small dark spots (fig. 6 A). Underside creamy white (fig. 6 C). Color in alcohol Body surface slightly brownish or greyish, but gradually becoming faint near the vent (fig. 6 A). In general, dorsolateral folds bordered with dense, deep brown bands. Dorsal surface of the femur, tibia and tarsus region showing a few longitudinal discontinuous, scattered black lines; rear of the thigh whitish with a few indistinct black spots; ventral body surface whitish; hands and feet also ventrally white to slightly yellow (fig. 7 E). Variation Dorsal pattern variable among individuals. Of the 15 examined specimens, one (IABHU 3893) lacked a brown borderline around off-white dorsolateral folds. Sporadically, some brown dots present on the dorsal regions of the thigh, several connected dots forming short irregular lines. Two (IABHU 3889, 4154) specimens had indistinct dots; one (IABHU 3893) completely lacked dots. Ventral side milky white, except in one individual (IABHU 4219). Habitat Hylarana tytleri is sympatric with Fejervarya sp., Microhyla sp. and Hoplobatrachus tigerinus (Daudin, 1802). It was found in marshes, paddy fields and beels (confined water reservoirs) in low-altitude foothills, sometimes near human settlements. In winter, it remains hidden in loose soil, probably for hibernation, at the junction between river banks and flat paddy land. Known occurrence of H. tytleri The known occurrence of H. tytleri includes the Sherpur, Mymenisngh, Narsingdi (‘ Dacca’, now Dhaka, original type locality), Barguna, Chapai Nawabganj and Panchagarh districts, Bangladesh (fig. 1 B). Also found in Natore, Nilphamary and Dinajpur districts, Bangladesh (pers. comm. to M. A. R. Sarkar; Sarkar & Howlader 2012; Selim et al. 2013). Sampling sites ranged from north to south Bangladesh, suggesting that it also occurs in other areas beyond the study sites (fig. 1 B) (see below). The species is also present in adjacent Bhutan (Wangyal 2013), India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tripura, West Bengal) (Ohler & Mallick 2002; Ao et al. 2003; Das 2008; Ohler et al. 2018; Biju unpublished data), Myanmar (Bago) (Mulcahy et al. 2018) and Nepal (Dubois 1974, 1981, as Rana taipehensis; Ohler & Mallick 2002). Its presence east of Bago in Myanmar cannot be confirmed by identified specimens. No record of a small-sized green-backed Hylarana is known from Bago to the Bangkok region, forming thus a large distribution gap.	en	Hasan, Mahmudul, Lai, June-Shiang, Poyarkov, Nikolay A., Ohler, Annemarie, Oliver, Lauren A., Kakehashi, Ryosuke, Kurabayashi, Atsushi, Sumida, Masayuki (2019): Identification of Hylarana tytleri (Theobald, 1868): elements for the systematics of the genus Hylarana Tschudi, 1838 (Anura, Ranidae). Alytes 37 (1 - 2): 1-30, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17079181
5C21FF550E3AFFFAFE70FF23FDA61DCA.taxon	materials_examined	Examined materials (48 specimens) TAIWAN: New Taipei City, Sanzhi Township: NTNU 202428 – 202429, females; NTNU 202430 – 202432, males; Shimen district: NTNU 202468 – 201475, males. VIETNAM: Dong Nai Province, Cat Tien N. P.: ZMMU NAP 1505 – 1507, males; Lam Dong Province, Loc Bao: ZMMU NAP 2801 – 2803, males; Ba Ria-Vung Tau Province, Binh Chau-Phuok Buu N. P.: ZMMU NAP 3063 – 3065, males; Khanh Hoa, Cam Ranh: ZMMU NAP 3217, male; Tay Ninh Province, Lo Go-Xa Mat N. P.: ZMMU NAP 3663, female; ZMMU NAP 3664 – 3665, males; Kien Giang Province, Phu Quoc N. P.: ZMMU NAP 3769, male; ZMMU NAP 3770, female; ZMMU NAP 3771, male; Dak Lak province, Yok Don N. P.: ZMMU NAP 4276 – 4277, males. Localities of the following samples are not available: ZMMU NAP 1133, male; ZMMU NAP 1675, female; ZMMU NAP 1694, male; ZMMU NAP 2804, male; ZMMU NAP 2821, female; ZMMU NAP 2936, female; ZMMU NAP 3066, male; ZMMU NAP 3069, male; ZMMU NAP 3423, female; ZMMU NAP 3666, male; ZMMU NAP 3772, male; ZMMU NAP 3773, female; ZMMU NAP 3774, male; ZMMU NAP 3807, female; ZMMU NAP 3808, male; ZMMU NAP 3809, female; ZMMU NAP 6053, female. Descriptive characters Small-sized frogs with a SVL of 26.3 – 33.6 mm in males and 34.9 – 46.8 mm in females. White dorsolateral folds running from the posterior corner of the eye to the groin and often a short white vertebral line above the anus (fig. 6 B). Tympanum distinct and large. Limbs slender (fig. 6 D). Tips of both fingers and toes slightly swollen. Fingers free; relative finger length F 1 <F 4 <F 2 <F 3 (fig. 7 J). Three phalanges of the fourth toe free of webbing (fig. 6 F); relative toe length T 1 <T 2 <T 3 <T 5 <T 4 (fig. 7 N). Dorsal and ventral surface of body smooth. Color in life Body surface greenish in color. Inner sides of dorsolateral folds potentially bordered by a brown line. A blackish to yellowish, large, continuous band running from behind the tympanum to the groin. A few, irregular black spots on the surface of limbs (fig. 6 B). Underside white (fig. 6 D), but some indistinct black spots on the pectoral region. Color in alcohol Body surface tan in color. Dorsolateral folds usually bordered by dense, deep, brown color lines (fig. 7 B). Dark brown lines distinct along the dorsolateral folds. Surface of the tibia slightly yellowish. Crossbars distinct on the surface of tibia. Ventral side whitish (fig. 7 F). Variation Color of the dorsum varying from slightly yellowish to greenish. Of the examined 48 specimens, there was no large black marking at the base of the forelimbs, except in one individual (NTNU 202474). Surface of the tibia lacking spots, except for a few spots in one individual (NTNU 202474). Habitat At the vicinity of its type locality near Taipei, Taiwan, Hylarana taipehensis was found on lily flowers in a small body of water (from 140 to 225 m asl). It was generally found in areas of thick vegetation. It was sympatric with Sylvirana guentheri (Boulenger, 1882) in Shimen District, Taiwan. Known occurrence of H. taipehensis	en	Hasan, Mahmudul, Lai, June-Shiang, Poyarkov, Nikolay A., Ohler, Annemarie, Oliver, Lauren A., Kakehashi, Ryosuke, Kurabayashi, Atsushi, Sumida, Masayuki (2019): Identification of Hylarana tytleri (Theobald, 1868): elements for the systematics of the genus Hylarana Tschudi, 1838 (Anura, Ranidae). Alytes 37 (1 - 2): 1-30, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17079181
5C21FF550E3FFFF9FDA7FF23FC5119FA.taxon	materials_examined	Examined materials (18 specimens) MALAYSIA: Langkawi Island: IABHU 21105 – 21107, females. Vietnam. Ba Ria-Vung Tau Province, Con Son Isl., Con Dao N. P.: ZMMU NAP 0562 – 0563, males; Binh Chau-Phuok Buu N. P.: ZMMU NAP 3062, female. Localities of the following samples are not available: ZMMU NAP 0598 – 0599, females; ZMMU NAP 02547, female; ZMMU NAP 0600, male; ZMMU ABV 01151, female; ZMMU NAP 01152 – 01153, males ZMMU A 5237 1 – 2, males; ZMMU A 3521 (24), female; ZMMU A 3521 (19), female; ZMMU A 4523, female. Descriptive characters Large-sized frogs with a SVL of 51.4 – 64.9 mm in females and 26.7 – 35.4 mm in males, showing an important dimorphism in body size. Cream-white dorsolateral folds prominent and running from the posterior corner of the eye to the groin (fig. 7 C). Head longer than wide. Eye diameter larger than tympanum diameter. Fingers free of webbing. Tips of fingers dilated into small discs with well-developed ventro-lateral grooves; relative finger length F 1 <F 4 <F 2 <F 3 (fig. 7 K). Tips of toes dilated into ogival-shaped discs with distinct ventro-lateral grooves; relative toe length T 1 <T 2 <T 3 <T 5 <T 4 (fig. 7 O). No more than two phalanges of the fourth toe free of webbing. Subarticular tubercles moderately large and prominent. Inner metatarsal tubercles elongated and outer metatarsal tubercles oval. Both distinct. Tibiotarsal articulation reaching the anterior corner of the eye. Numerous granules present on the posterior region of the femur just above the anus. Color in alcohol Dorsum greyish brown in color (fig. 7 C). Ventral side of the throat slightly whitish with numerous irregular black spots. Surface of hind limbs brown becoming gradually faint. Poorly distinct blackish bands present on the surface of the hind limbs, but absent on the ventral surface (fig. 7 G). Variation In the examined specimens, ventral color is variable: in a first frog numerous greyish spots present on the ventral surface of the throat, ranging from the base of the lower lip to the middle of the belly (IABHU 21107). The black spots are poorly distinct in a second individual (IABHU 21106) and completely absent in the third (IABHU 21105). Color variation of remaining 15 specimens is not available. Remarks We examined two specimens (CAS 229614 and 247465) of “ H. tytleri ” (Oliver et al. 2015) from Tanintharyi Division, Myanmar. These two specimens, currently considered as “ H. erythraea ” (Mulcahy et al. 2018), are not adult despite their relatively large body size (SVL 54.0 – 57.5 mm). Their dorsum is light brownish with a few black scattered dots (fig. 7 D) and dorsolateral folds are present. The ventral surface is whitish (fig. 7 H). Fingers tips are dilated into small discs. The first finger is shorter than the forth, which is shorter than the second (fig. 7 L). Tips of toes form small discs with well-developed latero-ventral grooves. The third toe is shorter than the fifth (fig. 7 P). Subarticular tubercles are moderately large and prominent.	en	Hasan, Mahmudul, Lai, June-Shiang, Poyarkov, Nikolay A., Ohler, Annemarie, Oliver, Lauren A., Kakehashi, Ryosuke, Kurabayashi, Atsushi, Sumida, Masayuki (2019): Identification of Hylarana tytleri (Theobald, 1868): elements for the systematics of the genus Hylarana Tschudi, 1838 (Anura, Ranidae). Alytes 37 (1 - 2): 1-30, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17079181
