taxonID	type	description	language	source
5D1B36031174FF8AC67EFC65FB51FB7B.taxon	description	Systematic position: Comesomatidae Filipjev 1918; Dorylaimopsinae De Coninck 1965	en	Pastor, Catalina T., Ward, De (2004): New species of Hopperia (Nematoda, Comesomatidae) and Metachromadora (Nematoda, Desmodoridae) from Patagonia, Chubut, Argentina. Zootaxa 542: 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157676
5D1B36031174FF8AC67EFC65FB51FB7B.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Ten males and ten females and three juveniles on slide numbers: HOLOTYPE, MACN Nº 34712; ALLOTYPE, MACN Nº 34713; PARATYPES, MACN Nº 34619; 34621; 34624 – 34625; 34714 – 34719. Col.: Lic. H. Zaixso. Type locality: San José Gulf and San Matías Gulf, Chubut province, Argentina. Stations: Holotype: S 17: 1 M; Allotype: S 18: 1 F; Paratypes: S 17: 3 M, 2 F, 2 J; S 18: 3 M; S 19: 3 M, 4 F; S 33: 2 F, 1 J; S 35: 1 F.	en	Pastor, Catalina T., Ward, De (2004): New species of Hopperia (Nematoda, Comesomatidae) and Metachromadora (Nematoda, Desmodoridae) from Patagonia, Chubut, Argentina. Zootaxa 542: 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157676
5D1B36031174FF8AC67EFC65FB51FB7B.taxon	description	Habitat: H. patagonica sp. n. has been found in very fine sand (median particle size 65.4 – 71.8 µm), 48.8 – 141.4 m depth, from San José Gulf and south coast of San Matías Gulf (Fig. 1).	en	Pastor, Catalina T., Ward, De (2004): New species of Hopperia (Nematoda, Comesomatidae) and Metachromadora (Nematoda, Desmodoridae) from Patagonia, Chubut, Argentina. Zootaxa 542: 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157676
5D1B36031174FF8AC67EFC65FB51FB7B.taxon	etymology	Etymology: From the Spanish word “ Patagonia ”, in reference to the area it was found	en	Pastor, Catalina T., Ward, De (2004): New species of Hopperia (Nematoda, Comesomatidae) and Metachromadora (Nematoda, Desmodoridae) from Patagonia, Chubut, Argentina. Zootaxa 542: 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157676
5D1B36031174FF8AC67EFC65FB51FB7B.taxon	description	Measurements: see Table 2 Description Males: Body cylindrical, tapers slightly towards the anterior end and has a conical tail with cylindrical terminus. Cuticle without circumferential surface striations. Punctuations present in transverse rows with lateral differentiations, having larger dots irregularly arranged on the lateral fields. These larger dots are only present on oesophageal and tail region. In the rest of the body the laterochordal punctuations are enlarged but arranged in circumferential rows. Six inner small labial papillae, 6 outer labial setae 1.5 (1.2 – 1.5) µm long and 4 cephalic setae 2.5 (2.5 – 3.0) µm long. Cervical region without somatic setae. The buccal cavity is armed with 3 odontia, 13 (10 – 13) µm long with their distal ends divided in three cusps, one central big and two smaller in lateral position (see Fig. 2 A, B), the pharyngeal muscles surround the posterior part of the stoma. PLATE 1: H. patagonica sp. n. A. Amphid on anterior end of female; B. Buccal cavity, anterior end of female; C. Cephalic setae, anterior end of female; D. Entire male; E. Entire female; F. Amphid on anterior end of male; G. Copulatory apparatus, distal end; H. Buccal cavity, anterior end of male; I. Copulatory apparatus, proximal end; J. Tip of female tail; K. Lateral punctuations on the female cervical region; L. Pre – cloacal supplements of male. Amphids spiralled ventrally towards the centre, with three turns 8 (8 – 10) µm diameters, A = 62 (57.1 – 68.9) % located at 9 (6 – 9) µm from anterior end. Pharynx cylindrical 130 (122 – 145) µm long, and with inconspicuous bulb posteriorly. The cardia is small. Ventral gland is located at the cardia level and opens through an ampulla 90 (75 – 120) µm from anterior end. Reproductive system is diorchic, with opposed and outstretched testes, anteriorly in right and posteriorly in left position to the intestine. Spicules curved 45 (41 – 53) µm, 1.6 (1.2 – 2.1) abd in cord length. The proximal end presents a central cuticularized internal projection, 23 (21 – 23) µm long. Gubernaculum formed by one central tubular piece and two straight and slightly sclerotized, dorso­caudally oriented 14 (10 – 18) µm, 0.5 (0.3 – 0.7) abd apophyses. Glandular tissue observed situated between spicula and gubernaculum. Pair of short pre­cloacal setae at 10 (9 – 10) µm from the cloaca and 12 pre­cloacal supplements as tiny and weakly cuticularized pits with thin glands endings present. Tail 135 (115 – 140) µm long, 4.8 (3.3 – 5.5) abd, approximately 1 / 2 cylindrical in shape. There are three caudal glands not shown in figure. Females: Females are similar to males in general body shape, anterior sensilla, amphids and cuticle. Ovaries opposed, reflexed, anterior left and posterior to the right of the intestine. Tail 160 (120 – 220) µm, 4 (3.5 – 6.8) abd. Differential diagnosis Hopperia patagonica sp. n. is characterized by the shape of odontia on anterior end (one big and two smaller cusps on each); odontia length in relation to the amphid length, near one and values of b and R 3.	en	Pastor, Catalina T., Ward, De (2004): New species of Hopperia (Nematoda, Comesomatidae) and Metachromadora (Nematoda, Desmodoridae) from Patagonia, Chubut, Argentina. Zootaxa 542: 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157676
5D1B36031174FF8AC67EFC65FB51FB7B.taxon	description	H. patagonica resembles H. australis in body length; c value and spicules, gubernaculum and tail length but it can be distinguished from it by HD, A %, R 3 values and number of pre­cloacal supplements clarify. In table 3 the differentiating date of the males of Hopperia species are compared.	en	Pastor, Catalina T., Ward, De (2004): New species of Hopperia (Nematoda, Comesomatidae) and Metachromadora (Nematoda, Desmodoridae) from Patagonia, Chubut, Argentina. Zootaxa 542: 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157676
5D1B3603117FFF80C67EF9B0FDBEFEEB.taxon	description	Systematic position: Desmodoridae Filipjev, 1922; Spirniinae Gerlach & Murphy, 1965 (according to Lorenzen, 1981)	en	Pastor, Catalina T., Ward, De (2004): New species of Hopperia (Nematoda, Comesomatidae) and Metachromadora (Nematoda, Desmodoridae) from Patagonia, Chubut, Argentina. Zootaxa 542: 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157676
5D1B3603117FFF80C67EF9B0FDBEFEEB.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Eight males, eight females, and four juveniles on slide numbers: HOLOTYPE, MACN N 1 34720; ALLOTYPE, MACN N ° 34726; PARATYPES, MACN N ° 34722 – 34727; 35810 – 35816. Col.: Lic. H. Zaixso. PLATE 2: M. (M.) zaixsi sp. n. A. Head anterior end of male, latero­dorsal view; B. Head anterior end female; C. Buccal cavity of male, dorsal tooth; D. Head anterior end male, lateral view; E. Vulva opening, female; F. Buccal cavity of female; G. Entire allotype female; H. Copulatory apparatus, distal end; I. Copulatory apparatus, proximal end; J. Entire holotype male; K. Lateral alae posterior to oesophagus in male. Type locality San José Gulf and San Matías Gulf, Chubut province, Argentina. Stations: Holotype: S 106: 1 M; Allotype: S 49: 1 F; Paratypes: S 18: 1 juv.; S 49: 1 M, 1 F; S 50: 2 M, 1 F, 1 Juv; S 90: 2 M, 1 F; S 105: 1 M, 1 F; S 106: 1 M, 3 F, 2 Juv.	en	Pastor, Catalina T., Ward, De (2004): New species of Hopperia (Nematoda, Comesomatidae) and Metachromadora (Nematoda, Desmodoridae) from Patagonia, Chubut, Argentina. Zootaxa 542: 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157676
5D1B3603117FFF80C67EF9B0FDBEFEEB.taxon	description	Habitat: M. (M.) zaixsi sp. n. has been found in very fine sand (median particle size 59.8 – 81.3 µm), 53.5 – 120.1 m depth, from San José Gulf and south coast of San Matías Gulf (Fig. 1).	en	Pastor, Catalina T., Ward, De (2004): New species of Hopperia (Nematoda, Comesomatidae) and Metachromadora (Nematoda, Desmodoridae) from Patagonia, Chubut, Argentina. Zootaxa 542: 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157676
5D1B3603117FFF80C67EF9B0FDBEFEEB.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Dedicated to H. E. Zaixso, San José Project Director and samples collector.	en	Pastor, Catalina T., Ward, De (2004): New species of Hopperia (Nematoda, Comesomatidae) and Metachromadora (Nematoda, Desmodoridae) from Patagonia, Chubut, Argentina. Zootaxa 542: 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157676
5D1B3603117FFF80C67EF9B0FDBEFEEB.taxon	description	Measurements: see Table 4. Description. Males. Cylindrical body gradually tapering to anterior extremity, with smooth head capsule and with conical tail. Body with thick annulated cuticle. Lateral alae present, extending from the posterior end of the pharynx to the anal region. Body annuli interdigitate at level of the lateral alae. There are alternating long 8 (7 – 8 µm) and short 4 (3 – 4 µm) somatic setae in eight longitudinal rows beginning at the pharyngeal region. Head capsule with offset labial region. Six inner and six outer labial setae located at the labial region 1.0 (0.5 – 1.0) µm long. Four cephalic setae on head capsule 4 (3 – 4) µm long, present in all the specimens. Amphids 19 (14 – 20) µm, 76 (57.1 – 80.0) % bda in diameter and loop­shaped with one and a quarter closed turns. Amphids situated on labial region to the end of head capsule and surrounded by punctuations. Stoma armed with strong dorsal tooth and several ventral­subventral teeth, and surrounded posteriorly by anterior end of muscular pharynx. Muscular pharynx cylindrical 190 (160 – 220) µm long, posteriorly enlarged with a long tripartite terminal bulb with cuticular valves. Cardia is conspicuous. Male reproductive system monorchic with one anterior testis in left position to the Intestine. Spicules arched 50 (40 – 52) µm 1.1 (0.7 – 1.1) abd in chord length from tip to tip, with the proximal end cephalated. Gubernaculum well developed formed by one piece 36 µm long (0.8 abd). There are 7 – 10 pairs of 4 (3 – 4) µm long pre­cloacal setae in sub­ventral position. No pre­cloacal supplements present. Tail 120 (115 – 130) µm long, 2.5 (1.7 – 2.8) abd, with a non striated end zone 24 (20 – 23) µm long. Females: Females are similar to males in general body shape, anterior sensilla, amphids, somatic setae and cuticle. Reproductive system didelphic, amphidelphic with reflexed ovaries, anterior ovary branch on right and posterior ovary branch on left of intestine. No brood protection has been observed. Tail 140 (95 – 140) µm, 2 (2.5 – 2.7) abd. Differential diagnosis:	en	Pastor, Catalina T., Ward, De (2004): New species of Hopperia (Nematoda, Comesomatidae) and Metachromadora (Nematoda, Desmodoridae) from Patagonia, Chubut, Argentina. Zootaxa 542: 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157676
