identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
5D1B36031174FF8AC67EFC65FB51FB7B.text	5D1B36031174FF8AC67EFC65FB51FB7B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hopperia patagonica	<div><p>Hopperia patagonica sp. n.</p><p>(Figure 2 (A–I), Plate 1 A–L; Table 2; Table 3)</p><p>Systematic position: Comesomatidae Filipjev 1918; Dorylaimopsinae De Coninck 1965</p><p>Type material: Ten males and ten females and three juveniles on slide numbers: HOLOTYPE, MACN Nº 34712; ALLOTYPE, MACN Nº 34713; PARATYPES, MACN Nº 34619; 34621; 34624–34625; 34714–34719. Col.: Lic. H. Zaixso.</p><p>Type locality: San José Gulf and San Matías Gulf, Chubut province, Argentina.</p><p>Stations: Holotype: S17: 1M; Allotype: S18: 1F; Paratypes: S17: 3M, 2F, 2J; S18: 3M; S19: 3M, 4F; S33: 2F, 1J; S35: 1F.</p><p>Habitat: H. patagonica sp. n. has been found in very fine sand (median particle size 65.4–71.8 µm), 48.8–141.4 m depth, from San José Gulf and south coast of San Matías Gulf (Fig. 1).</p><p>Etymology: From the Spanish word “Patagonia”, in reference to the area it was found</p><p>Measurements: see Table 2</p><p>Description</p><p>Males: Body cylindrical, tapers slightly towards the anterior end and has a conical tail with cylindrical terminus. Cuticle without circumferential surface striations. Punctuations present in transverse rows with lateral differentiations, having larger dots irregularly arranged on the lateral fields. These larger dots are only present on oesophageal and tail region. In the rest of the body the laterochordal punctuations are enlarged but arranged in circumferential rows. Six inner small labial papillae, 6 outer labial setae 1.5 (1.2–1.5) µm long and 4 cephalic setae 2.5 (2.5–3.0) µm long. Cervical region without somatic setae. The buccal cavity is armed with 3 odontia, 13 (10–13) µm long with their distal ends divided in three cusps, one central big and two smaller in lateral position (see Fig. 2 A,B), the pharyngeal muscles surround the posterior part of the stoma.</p><p>PLATE 1: H. patagonica sp. n. A. Amphid on anterior end of female; B. Buccal cavity, anterior end of female; C. Cephalic setae, anterior end of female; D. Entire male; E. Entire female; F. Amphid on anterior end of male; G. Copulatory apparatus, distal end; H. Buccal cavity, anterior end of male; I. Copulatory apparatus, proximal end; J. Tip of female tail; K. Lateral punctuations on the female cervical region; L. Pre–cloacal supplements of male.</p><p>Amphids spiralled ventrally towards the centre, with three turns 8 (8–10) µm diameters, A= 62 (57.1–68.9) % located at 9(6–9) µm from anterior end. Pharynx cylindrical 130 (122–145) µm long, and with inconspicuous bulb posteriorly. The cardia is small. Ventral gland is located at the cardia level and opens through an ampulla 90 (75–120) µm from anterior end. Reproductive system is diorchic, with opposed and outstretched testes, anteriorly in right and posteriorly in left position to the intestine. Spicules curved 45 (41–53) µm, 1.6 (1.2–2.1) abd in cord length. The proximal end presents a central cuticularized internal projection, 23 (21–23) µm long. Gubernaculum formed by one central tubular piece and two straight and slightly sclerotized, dorso­caudally oriented 14 (10–18) µm, 0.5 (0.3–0.7) abd apophyses. Glandular tissue observed situated between spicula and gubernaculum. Pair of short pre­cloacal setae at 10 (9–10) µm from the cloaca and 12 pre­cloacal supplements as tiny and weakly cuticularized pits with thin glands endings present. Tail 135 (115–140) µm long, 4.8 (3.3–5.5) abd, approximately 1/2 cylindrical in shape. There are three caudal glands not shown in figure.</p><p>Females: Females are similar to males in general body shape, anterior sensilla, amphids and cuticle. Ovaries opposed, reflexed, anterior left and posterior to the right of the intestine. Tail 160 (120–220) µm, 4 (3.5–6.8) abd.</p><p>Differential diagnosis</p><p>Hopperia patagonica sp. n. is characterized by the shape of odontia on anterior end (one big and two smaller cusps on each); odontia length in relation to the amphid length, near one and values of b and R3.</p><p>H. patagonica sp. n. is related to H. beaglense, H. americana, H. arntzi Chen &amp; Vincx 1998 and H. australis Jensen 1992 . H. patagonica resembles H. beaglense in values of a, HD and A% but it can be distinguished from it by the small body length, spicules length, number of pre­cloacal supplements and shape of the tail.</p><p>H. patagonica also resembles H. americana and H. arntzi, in body length and c valuebut it can be distinguished from them by spicules length and shape and number of precloacal supplements.</p><p>H. patagonica resembles H. australis in body length; c value and spicules, gubernaculum and tail length but it can be distinguished from it by HD, A%, R3 values and number of pre­cloacal supplements clarify.</p><p>In table 3 the differentiating date of the males of Hopperia species are compared.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D1B36031174FF8AC67EFC65FB51FB7B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pastor, Catalina T.;Ward, De	Pastor, Catalina T., Ward, De (2004): New species of Hopperia (Nematoda, Comesomatidae) and Metachromadora (Nematoda, Desmodoridae) from Patagonia, Chubut, Argentina. Zootaxa 542: 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157676
5D1B3603117FFF85C67EFEFAFA95F9BC.text	5D1B3603117FFF85C67EFEFAFA95F9BC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hopperia	<div><p>Key to all known species of Hopperia</p><p>1 Stoma armed with three odontia situated at juncture of cyathiform and tubular portion of the stoma; interchordal punctuations in circumferential rows................................. 2</p><p>1' Stoma armed with six odontia situated at juncture of cyathiform and tubular regions of the stoma; interchordal punctuations irregularly distributed (12–14 precloacal suppl.; spic. 101, 2 abd; ov. outstreched) ............. Hopperia hexadentata Hope &amp; Zhang 1995</p><p>2 Length of posterior cylindrical region of the stoma larger than 1,5 amphid diameters 3</p><p>2’ Length of posterior cylindrical region of the stoma smaller than 1,5 amphid diameters (12 precloacal supplements; spicules 44 µm long, 0.5 abd; ov. outstretched) ................ ........................................................................................................ H. patagonica n. sp.</p><p>3 Length of posterior cylindrical region of the stoma between 1,5 and 2,5 amphid diameters ....................................................................................................................................... 4</p><p>3’ Length of posterior cylindrical region of the stoma larger than 2,5 amphid diameters 5</p><p>4 Spicules shorter than or equal to 2.0 abd ...................................................................... 6</p><p>4’ Spicules longer than 2 abd (precloacal suppl. present; Spic. 87.0 µm, 2.5 abd, ov. outstreched) .......................................................................... H. muscatensis Warwick 1973</p><p>5 More than 10 precloacal supplements (20–21 precloacal suppl.; Spic. 69.0 µm long, 1.5 abd, ov. outstretched ............................................. H. indiana Muthumbi et al. 1997</p><p>5’ Less than 10 precloacal supplements (8 precloacal suppl.; Spic. 37.0–44.0 µm, 1.5 abd, ov. outstretched) .............................................................. H. australis Jensen 1992</p><p>6 Tail tip not swollen........................................................................................................ 7</p><p>6’ Tail tip swollen .............................................................................................................. 8</p><p>7 Reflexed ovaries (8 precloacal suppl., spic. 40.0 µm, 2 abd) ......................................... .............................................................................. H. dorylaimopsoides (Allgen, 1959)</p><p>7’ Outstretched ovaries (6–7 precloacal suppl., spic 54,8 µm, 1,5 abd).............................. ................................................................................... H. beaglense Chen &amp; Vincx 1998</p><p>8 Number of precloacal supplements greater than 10 (13–16 precloacal suppl., spic. 52.0–54.0 µm long, 1.3 abd, ov. reflexed) ....................... H. massiliensis Vitiello 1969</p><p>8’ Number of precloacal supplements smaller than 10 (6 precloacal suppl., ov. outstretched) spic. 54.0 µm, 1.4 abd ........................... H. americana Pastor de Ward 1984 spic. 48.7µm, 1.8 abd ....................................................... H. arntzi Chen &amp; Vincx 1998</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D1B3603117FFF85C67EFEFAFA95F9BC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pastor, Catalina T.;Ward, De	Pastor, Catalina T., Ward, De (2004): New species of Hopperia (Nematoda, Comesomatidae) and Metachromadora (Nematoda, Desmodoridae) from Patagonia, Chubut, Argentina. Zootaxa 542: 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157676
5D1B3603117FFF80C67EF9B0FDBEFEEB.text	5D1B3603117FFF80C67EF9B0FDBEFEEB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metachromadora (Metachromadoroides) zaixsi	<div><p>Metachromadora (Metachromadoroides) zaixsi sp. n.</p><p>(Figure 3 A–I; Plate 2 A–K; Table 4; Table 5)</p><p>Systematic position: Desmodoridae Filipjev, 1922; Spirniinae Gerlach &amp; Murphy, 1965 (according to Lorenzen, 1981)</p><p>Type material: Eight males, eight females, and four juveniles on slide numbers: HOLOTYPE, MACN N1 34720; ALLOTYPE, MACN N° 34726; PARATYPES, MACN N° 34722–34727; 35810–35816. Col.: Lic. H. Zaixso.</p><p>PLATE 2: M. (M.) zaixsi sp. n. A. Head anterior end of male, latero­dorsal view; B. Head anterior end female; C. Buccal cavity of male, dorsal tooth; D. Head anterior end male, lateral view; E. Vulva opening, female; F. Buccal cavity of female; G. Entire allotype female; H. Copulatory apparatus, distal end; I. Copulatory apparatus, proximal end; J. Entire holotype male; K. Lateral alae posterior to oesophagus in male.</p><p>Type locality San José Gulf and San Matías Gulf, Chubut province, Argentina.</p><p>Stations: Holotype: S106: 1M; Allotype: S49: 1F; Paratypes: S18: 1juv.; S49: 1M, 1F; S50: 2M, 1F, 1Juv; S90: 2M, 1F; S105:1M, 1F; S106: 1M, 3F, 2Juv.</p><p>Habitat: M. (M.) zaixsi sp. n. has been found in very fine sand (median particle size 59.8–81.3 µm), 53.5–120.1m depth, from San José Gulf and south coast of San Matías Gulf (Fig. 1).</p><p>Etymology: Dedicated to H. E. Zaixso, San José Project Director and samples collector.</p><p>Measurements: see Table 4.</p><p>Description. Males. Cylindrical body gradually tapering to anterior extremity, with smooth head capsule and with conical tail. Body with thick annulated cuticle. Lateral alae present, extending from the posterior end of the pharynx to the anal region. Body annuli interdigitate at level of the lateral alae.</p><p>There are alternating long 8 (7–8 µm) and short 4 (3–4 µm) somatic setae in eight longitudinal rows beginning at the pharyngeal region.</p><p>Head capsule with offset labial region. Six inner and six outer labial setae located at the labial region 1.0 (0.5–1.0) µm long. Four cephalic setae on head capsule 4 (3–4) µm long, present in all the specimens. Amphids 19 (14–20) µm, 76 (57.1–80.0) % bda in diameter and loop­shaped with one and a quarter closed turns. Amphids situated on labial region to the end of head capsule and surrounded by punctuations.</p><p>Stoma armed with strong dorsal tooth and several ventral­subventral teeth, and surrounded posteriorly by anterior end of muscular pharynx. Muscular pharynx cylindrical 190 (160–220) µm long, posteriorly enlarged with a long tripartite terminal bulb with cuticular valves. Cardia is conspicuous.</p><p>Male reproductive system monorchic with one anterior testis in left position to the Intestine. Spicules arched 50 (40–52) µm 1.1 (0.7–1.1) abd in chord length from tip to tip, with the proximal end cephalated. Gubernaculum well developed formed by one piece 36 µm long (0.8 abd). There are 7–10 pairs of 4 (3–4) µm long pre­cloacal setae in sub­ventral position. No pre­cloacal supplements present. Tail 120 (115–130) µm long, 2.5 (1.7– 2.8) abd, with a non striated end zone 24 (20–23) µm long.</p><p>Females: Females are similar to males in general body shape, anterior sensilla, amphids, somatic setae and cuticle. Reproductive system didelphic, amphidelphic with reflexed ovaries, anterior ovary branch on right and posterior ovary branch on left of intestine. No brood protection has been observed. Tail 140 (95–140) µm, 2 (2.5–2.7) abd.</p><p>Differential diagnosis:</p><p>M. (M.) zaixsi sp. n. is characterized by the absence of pre­cloacal supplements and the presence of four cephalic setae. This new species resembles M. (M.) vulgaris Timm 1961 in body length, a and b values but it can be distinguished from it by the length of the amphid in relation to the head capsule length (50% in M.(M.) vulgaris) and the length of the spicules (72 µm).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D1B3603117FFF80C67EF9B0FDBEFEEB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pastor, Catalina T.;Ward, De	Pastor, Catalina T., Ward, De (2004): New species of Hopperia (Nematoda, Comesomatidae) and Metachromadora (Nematoda, Desmodoridae) from Patagonia, Chubut, Argentina. Zootaxa 542: 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157676
5D1B3603117AFF80C67EFE5AFA94FC8C.text	5D1B3603117AFF80C67EFE5AFA94FC8C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metachromadora (Metachromadoroides) Metachromadoroides	<div><p>Key to all known species of Metachromadora (Metachromadoroides)</p><p>1 Male without ventromedian precloacal supplements ....................................................2</p><p>1’ Male with ventromedian precloacal supplements ........................................................ 3</p><p>2 Anterior non striated end equal to 2 amphid lengths ...................................................... ................................................................ M. (M.) vulgaris Timm 1961 (Bay of Bengal)</p><p>2’ Anterior non striated end equal to 1 amphid length ..... M. (M.) zaixsi sp. n. (Patagonia)</p><p>3 Cephalic setae absent .......................... M. (M.) complexa Timm 1961 (Bay of Bengal)</p><p>3’ Cephalic setae present. .................. M. (M.) pulvinata Wieser &amp; Hopper 1967 (Florida) .................................................................... M. (M.) remanei Gerlach 1951 (North Sea)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D1B3603117AFF80C67EFE5AFA94FC8C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pastor, Catalina T.;Ward, De	Pastor, Catalina T., Ward, De (2004): New species of Hopperia (Nematoda, Comesomatidae) and Metachromadora (Nematoda, Desmodoridae) from Patagonia, Chubut, Argentina. Zootaxa 542: 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157676
