taxonID	type	description	language	source
5E5C87CFFFA90C2DB9B0E665D704F91A.taxon	description	(Figs. 1 – 2)	en	Turan, Davut, Kottelat, Maurice, Kaya, Cüneyt (2022): The trouts of the upper Kura and Aras rivers in Turkey, with description of three new species (Teleostei: Salmonidae). Zootaxa 5150 (1): 43-64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5150.1.2
5E5C87CFFFA90C2DB9B0E665D704F91A.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. FFR 3240, 255 mm SL; Turkey: Kars Prov.: Keklik Stream [a tributary of Kars Stream] (40 ° 17 ’ N 42 ° 39 ’ E), Sarıkamış District, Aras River drainage; D. Turan & S. Engin, 3 September 2006. Paratypes. FFR 3121, 18, 60 – 233 mm SL; CMK 19737, 2, 163 – 169 mm SL; same data as holotype. — FFR 3117, 22, 95 – 192 mm SL; FFR 3113, 17, 91 – 206; Turkey: Kars Prov.: Keklik Stream [a tributary of Kars Stream] (40 ° 15 ’ N 42 ° 40 ’ E) Sarıkamış District, Aras River drainage; D. Turan & R. Buyurucu, 4 August 2007. — FFR 3112, 20, 102 – 208 mm SL; CMK 19465, 3, 121 – 163 mm SL; Turkey: Kars Prov.: Kızılçubuk Stream [a tributary of Kars Stream] (40 ° 22 ’ N 42 ° 32 ’ E), Sarıkamış District, Aras River drainage; D. Turan & S. Engin, 3 September 2006. — FFR 3120, 10, 69 – 163 mm SL, Turkey: Kars Prov.: Maksutçuk Stream [a tributary of Kars Stream] (40 ° 32 ’ N 42 ° 52 ’ E), Aras River drainage; D. Turan & S. Engin, 3 September 2006. — FFR 3108, 14, 90 – 186 mm SL; Turkey: Ardahan Prov.: Çıldır Lake (41 ° 03 ’ N 43 ° 19 ’ E), Aras River drainage; D. Turan & S. Engin, 5 August 2007. — FFR 3228, 23, 95 – 241 mm SL; Turkey: Kars Prov.: Arpaçay Stream [a tributary of Kars Stream] (40 ° 54 ’ N 43 ° 10 ’ E) Arpaçay District, Aras River drainage; C. Kaya, E. Bayçelebi & M. Kuyumcu, 26 July 2017. — FFR 3229, 8, 110 – 156; Turkey: Kars Prov.: Keklik Stream [a tributary of Kars Stream] (40 ° 17 ’ N 42 ° 39 ’ E) Sarıkamış District, Aras River drainage; C. Kaya, E. Bayçelebi & M. Kuyumcu, 25 July 2017.	en	Turan, Davut, Kottelat, Maurice, Kaya, Cüneyt (2022): The trouts of the upper Kura and Aras rivers in Turkey, with description of three new species (Teleostei: Salmonidae). Zootaxa 5150 (1): 43-64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5150.1.2
5E5C87CFFFA90C2DB9B0E665D704F91A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Salmo murathani is distinguished from all the species of Salmo in adjacent waters in having a combination of the following characters: in life, general body color greyish on back and upper part of flank, yellowish on lower part of flank and belly; 1 – 4 black spots behind eye, 4 – 15 spots on preopercle and opercle (mostly larger than pupil); black spots on body numerous (66 – 165) in males, and in females larger than 230 mm SL, irregularly shaped, small to medium (smaller than pupil), ocellated, surrounded by a large white ring, scattered on back, middle and upper part of flank, and anterior part of lower flank; in females smaller than about 210 mm SL, black spots few (34 – 47), restricted to back and upper part of flank; number of black spots increasing with increasing size; red spots few, ocellated, surrounded by a large white ring, scattered on middle and half of lower and upper flank in both sexes; maxilla length 8.0 – 10.0 % SL, reaching slightly beyond eye in males larger than about 150 mm SL and in females larger than about 200 mm SL; adipose-fin of moderate size, not reaching caudal-fin base; 114 – 122 lateralline scales; 27 – 31 scale rows between lateral line and dorsal-fin origin; 20 – 23 scale rows between lateral line and anal-fin origin; 16 – 18 scale rows between lateral line and end of base of adipose fin; gill rakers 21 – 23 on outer side of first gill arch; 12 – 14 parr marks on flank, visible in specimens smaller than about 200 mm SL, vertically elongate on anterior part of body, roundish on posterior part of body; there are four dark bands on flank in females larger than 230 mm SL.	en	Turan, Davut, Kottelat, Maurice, Kaya, Cüneyt (2022): The trouts of the upper Kura and Aras rivers in Turkey, with description of three new species (Teleostei: Salmonidae). Zootaxa 5150 (1): 43-64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5150.1.2
5E5C87CFFFA90C2DB9B0E665D704F91A.taxon	description	Description. General appearance is shown in Figs. 1 – 2, morphometric and meristic data are given in Tables 1 – 2. Body slender and slightly compressed laterally. Dorsal profile arched, ventral profile less arched than dorsal profile. Predorsal profile convex with a slightly developed keel. Head somewhat short, its length 25 – 29 % SL in males, 25 – 27 in females, upper profile slightly convex in interorbital area, slightly concave at level of nostrils in male, slightly convex in interorbital area and snout in females. Mouth subterminal in males and females. Length of mouth gape 11 – 16 % SL in males, 11 – 13 in females. Tip of lower jaw slightly curved upward, pointed, with a small process at symphysis in male. Maxilla short, its length 8 – 10 % SL in males and females, reaching slightly beyond eye in males larger than about 150 mm SL and in females larger than about 200 mm SL. Snout short, its length 6 – 8 % SL in males and females, pointed in males and rounded in females. Adipose fin somewhat large, its height 6 – 9 % SL in males, 6 – 8 in females, its free margin straight anteriorly and convex posteriorly. Teeth on shaft of vomer small and cross-lined, sometimes anterior part with single row. Lateral line with 114 – 122 scales; 27 – 31 scale rows between lateral line and dorsal-fin origin; 20 – 23 scale rows between lateral line and anal-fin origin; 16 – 18 scale rows between lateral line and end of base of adipose fin. Dorsal fin with 3 – 4 simple and 9 – 10 branched rays; distal margin straight. Pectoral fin long, with 1 simple and 11 – 13 branched rays; outer margin straight. Pelvic fin with 1 simple and 7 – 8 branched rays; outer margin slightly convex. Anal fin with 3 simple and 7 – 8 branched rays; distal margin concave. Caudal fin slightly forked, upper lobe slightly pointed and lower lobe rounded. Gill rakers 9 – 10 + 11 – 13 = 21 – 23 on outer side of first gill arch. Vomer teeth in two rows. Sexual dimorphism. Males have a longer head (25 – 29 % SL, mean 26.9 vs. 25 – 27, mean 25.7), a greater adipose-fin depth (6 – 9 % SL, mean 7.3 vs. 6 – 8, mean 6.6) and greater mouth gape (11 – 16 % SL, mean 13.7 vs. 11 – 14, mean 12.6) than females. Coloration. General body color in life grayish on back and upper part of flank, yellowish on lower part of flank and belly. General color of preserved specimens: brownish to dark gray on back and upper flank, yellowish on belly and lower part of flank. 1 – 4 black spots behind eye, 4 – 15 spots on preopercle and opercle (mostly larger than pupil). Numerous black spots on pores on top of head. In males, black spots on body numerous (66 – 105), irregularly shaped, small to medium (smaller than pupil), ocellated with an irregularly shaped white ring, scattered on back, middle and upper part of flank, and anterior part of lower flank in males, their number increasing with size. In females smaller than 210 mm SL, black spots fewer (34 – 47), small to medium (smaller than pupil), ocellated with an irregularly shaped white ring, scattered on back and upper part of flank. In females larger than about 230 mm SL, numerous (72 – 165), scattered on back, middle and upper part of flank, their number increasing with size. Red spots few (14 – 40), irregularly shaped, ocellated, surrounded by an irregularly shaped white ring, scattered on middle and half of lower and upper part of flank in both sexes, their number not increasing with size. Dorsal fin greyish, with one or two rows of red spots on its lower part, 2 – 5 rows of black spots on its middle, lower and upper part. Caudal, pectoral, pelvic and anal fins greyish. Leading edge of anal and pelvic fins faint whitish in specimens larger than 200 mm SL. Adipose fin greyish, with zero or one irregularly-shaped red spot along distal margin. There are four dark bands on flank in females larger than 230 mm SL in both live and preserved specimens 12 – 14 parr marks distinct up to at least 200 mm SL in males and females, vertically elongated in anterior part of body, roundish in posterior part of body.	en	Turan, Davut, Kottelat, Maurice, Kaya, Cüneyt (2022): The trouts of the upper Kura and Aras rivers in Turkey, with description of three new species (Teleostei: Salmonidae). Zootaxa 5150 (1): 43-64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5150.1.2
5E5C87CFFFA90C2DB9B0E665D704F91A.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biology. Salmo murathani occurs in streams Keklik, Kızılçubuk, Arpaçay, Maksutçuk (all in the Kars watershed) around Sarıkamış district, and in Lake Çıldır (Fig. 3). Salmo murathani inhabits clear and comparatively slow flowing water, with stone and pebble bottom. Salmo murathani co-occurs with Barbus cyri in lower part the stream Keklik. The maximum known size of Salmo murathani is 255 mm SL. There is no indication that our material from Turkey would include anadromous individuals. Our materials include both mature male and female individuals. People in villages along the rivers say that they have not seen that migrations could happen; they also report that the largest size of trouts in these rivers are about 300 mm.	en	Turan, Davut, Kottelat, Maurice, Kaya, Cüneyt (2022): The trouts of the upper Kura and Aras rivers in Turkey, with description of three new species (Teleostei: Salmonidae). Zootaxa 5150 (1): 43-64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5150.1.2
5E5C87CFFFA90C2DB9B0E665D704F91A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Salmo murathani is named after Murathan Turan, son of the first author. A noun in genitive.	en	Turan, Davut, Kottelat, Maurice, Kaya, Cüneyt (2022): The trouts of the upper Kura and Aras rivers in Turkey, with description of three new species (Teleostei: Salmonidae). Zootaxa 5150 (1): 43-64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5150.1.2
5E5C87CFFFAD0C20B9B0E7A3D373FD92.taxon	description	(Fig. 4)	en	Turan, Davut, Kottelat, Maurice, Kaya, Cüneyt (2022): The trouts of the upper Kura and Aras rivers in Turkey, with description of three new species (Teleostei: Salmonidae). Zootaxa 5150 (1): 43-64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5150.1.2
5E5C87CFFFAD0C20B9B0E7A3D373FD92.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. FFR 3239, 222 mm SL; Turkey: Ardahan Prov.: Stream Toros (41 ° 06 ’ N 42 ° 26 ’ E), Kura River drainage; D. Turan & S. Engin, 02 September 2006. Paratypes. FFR 1130, 12, 135 – 253 mm SL; CMK 19738, 2, 188 – 194 mm SL; same data as holotype. — FFR 3164, 10, 154 – 217 mm SL; Turkey: Ardahan Prov.: Stream Toros (41 ° 06 ’ N 42 ° 26 ’ E), Kura River drainage; D. Turan, E. Bayçelebi & C. Kaya, 21 September 2014. — FFR 3107, 4, 156 – 192; FFR 3167, 2, 155 – 182; Turkey: Ardahan Prov.: Stream Alabalık (41 ° 03 ’ N 42 ° 22 ’ E), Kura River drainage; D. Turan & S. Engin, 14 August 2008. — FFR 3110, 4, 67 – 118 mm SL; Turkey: Ardahan Prov.: Stream Karaman at Aşıkzülal (41 ° 25 ’ N 42 ° 39 ’ E), Kura River drainage; D. Turan & S. Engin, 2 September 2006. — FFR 3136, 16, 99 – 185 mm SL; Turkey: Ardahan Prov.: Stream Kınavur at Çataldere (41 ° 11 ’ N 42 ° 36 ’ E), Kura River drainage; D. Turan & C. Kaya, 23 September 2010.	en	Turan, Davut, Kottelat, Maurice, Kaya, Cüneyt (2022): The trouts of the upper Kura and Aras rivers in Turkey, with description of three new species (Teleostei: Salmonidae). Zootaxa 5150 (1): 43-64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5150.1.2
5E5C87CFFFAD0C20B9B0E7A3D373FD92.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Salmo ardahanensis is distinguished from all the species of Salmo in adjacent waters in having a combination of the following characters: general body color brownish on back and upper part of flank, yellowish on lower part of flank and belly in life; a single faintly marked black spots behind eye (larger than pupil), and 1 – 5 spots on preopercle and opercle (smaller than pupil); black spots on body few to numerous (12 – 97 [fewer than 50 in only 12 specimens, more than 67 in only 5 specimens]), roundish, medium size (approximately equal to pupil), ocellated, surrounded by a large white ring, scattered on back, middle and upper part of flank in some specimens, sometime restricted to back and upper part of flank; in females, black spots few (21 – 46), restricted to back and upper part of flank; number of black spots not or slightly increasing with increasing size in most males; red spots few (19 – 38), ocellated, surrounded by a large white ring, scattered on middle and half of lower and upper flank in both sexes; body markedly compressed laterally in males; adipose-fin large, almost reaching to caudal-fin base in males larger than about 170 mm SL; maxilla long (length 9.4 – 11.2 % SL), reaching markedly beyond eye in males larger than about 200 mm SL, reaching slightly beyond posterior margin of eye in females; 113 – 119 lateral-line scales; 25 – 31 scale rows between lateral line and dorsal-fin origin; 18 – 21 scale rows between lateral line and anal-fin origin; 14 – 17 scale rows between lateral line and end of base of adipose fin; gill rakers 19 – 21 on outer side of first gill arch; vomer teeth in two row. 10 – 13 parr marks distinct in males and females up to at least 170 mm SL, vertically elongated in anterior part of body, roundish in posterior part. No dark band on flank.	en	Turan, Davut, Kottelat, Maurice, Kaya, Cüneyt (2022): The trouts of the upper Kura and Aras rivers in Turkey, with description of three new species (Teleostei: Salmonidae). Zootaxa 5150 (1): 43-64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5150.1.2
5E5C87CFFFAD0C20B9B0E7A3D373FD92.taxon	description	Description. General appearance is shown in Fig. 4, morphometric and meristic data are given in Tables 2 – 3. Body somewhat deep and markedly compressed laterally in males, slightly compressed in females. Dorsal profile arched, ventral profile less arched than dorsal profile. Predorsal profile convex with a developed keel. Head long, its length 27 – 30 % SL in males, 25 – 27 in females, flattened dorso-ventrally. Mouth about terminal in males and subterminal in females. Length of mouth gape 14 – 17 % SL in males, 12 – 13 in females. Tip of lower jaw slightly curved upward, pointed, with a small process at symphysis in male. Maxilla long, its length 9.4 – 11.2 % SL in males, 8.3 – 9.1 in females, reaching beyond eye in males larger than about 170 mm SL, reaching slightly beyond posterior margin of eye in females larger than about 200 mm SL. Upper profile of maxilla slightly convex. Snout short, its length 6 – 9 % SL in males and females, pointed in male and rounded in female. Adipose fin large, its height 7 – 10 % SL in males, 6 – 7 in females, its free margin straight anteriorly and markedly convex posteriorly. Vomer teeth in two rows. Lateral line with 113 – 119 scales; 25 – 31 scale rows between lateral line and dorsal-fin origin; 17 – 22 scale rows between lateral line and anal-fin origin; 14 – 17 scale rows between lateral line and end of base of adipose fin. Dorsal fin with 3 – 4 simple and 8 – 10 branched rays; distal margin straight or slightly convex. Pectoral fin long, with 1 simple and 11 – 12 branched rays; outer margin convex. Pelvic fin with 1 simple and 7 – 8 branched rays; outer margin convex. Anal fin with 3 simple and 8 – 9 branched rays; distal margin convex anteriorly, concave posteriorly. Caudal fin slightly forked, lobes slightly rounded. Gill rakers 19 – 21 on outer side of first gill arch. Total vertebrae 57 – 58. Sexual dimorphism. Males of S. ardahanensis have a longer head than females (27 – 31 % SL, mean 28.9 vs. 25 – 31, mean 27.0), a greater predorsal length (46 – 52 % SL, mean 49.5 vs. 47 – 49, mean 47.7), a higher dorsal-fin (17 – 20 % SL, mean 18.3 vs. 16 – 18, mean 16.5), a greater adipose-fin (adipose-fin depth 7 – 10 % SL, mean 8.8 vs. 6 – 7, mean 7.7), a longer maxilla (10 – 11 % SL, mean 10.5 vs. 8 – 10, mean 9.0), and a greater mouth gape (10 – 12 % SL, mean 10.6 vs. 8 – 10, mean 9.2). Coloration. General body color in life brownish on back and upper part of flank, yellowish on lower part of flank and belly. General color of preserved specimens: dark brown on back and upper flank, yellowish on lower part of flank and belly. A single faintly marked black spots behind eye (larger than pupil), and 1 – 5 spots on preopercle and opercle (smaller than pupil). Small (smaller than pupil) black spots on pores of top of head. Black spots on body few to numerous (12 – 97 [fewer than 50 spots in only 12 specimens, more than 67 in only 5 specimens] in males), roundish, medium size (slightly smaller than pupil), ocellated with a roundish white ring, scattered on back, middle and upper part of flank in most males larger than about 220 mm SL, their number slightly increasing with increasing size in most males, in some individuals, black spots fewer (about 40) and restricted to back and upper part of flank. In females, black spots few (21 – 46), small to medium (smaller than pupil), ocellated with a roundish white ring, scattered on back and upper part of flank. Red spots few (19 – 38), roundish, ocellated, surrounded by a roundish white ring, scattered on middle and half of lower and upper part of flank in both sexes, their number not increasing with size. Dorsal fin greyish, with 3 – 4 rows of black spots, and one or two rows of red spots on its lower part. Caudal, pectoral, pelvic and anal fins greyish. Leading edge of anal and pelvic fins white in specimens larger than 200 mm SL. Adipose fin greyish, with one or two roundish red or black spot along distal margin, rarely plain. 10 – 13 parr marks distinct in males and females up to at least 170 mm SL, vertically elongated in anterior part of body, roundish in posterior part.	en	Turan, Davut, Kottelat, Maurice, Kaya, Cüneyt (2022): The trouts of the upper Kura and Aras rivers in Turkey, with description of three new species (Teleostei: Salmonidae). Zootaxa 5150 (1): 43-64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5150.1.2
5E5C87CFFFAD0C20B9B0E7A3D373FD92.taxon	distribution	Distribution and notes on biology. Salmo ardahanensis is known from the upper Kura River drainage (Fig. 3). Salmo ardahanensis was observed in clear and fast flowing water, with stone and pebble bottom. The species has never been observed in the lower part of the streams. The maximum size observed in the field is 280 mm SL. Mature individuals were observed in both sexes. Salmo ardahanensis is a resident trouts apparently restricted to the upper Kura River drainage. We conducted field work during both summer and late autumn and we did not observe any migratory form of the species in the Turkish part of Kura River, including in relatively larger streams at lower altitude (e. g. stream Aşıkzülal, 41 ° 26 ’ N 42 ° 37 ’ E, altitude 1800 m; Kura River at Yalnızçam, 41 ° 04 ’ N 42 ° 29 ’ E, 1825 m; stream Açıkyazı, 41 ° 08 ’ N 42 ° 35 ’ E, 1821 m; stream Ölçek, 41 ° 08 ’ N 42 ° 51 ’ E, 1739 m).	en	Turan, Davut, Kottelat, Maurice, Kaya, Cüneyt (2022): The trouts of the upper Kura and Aras rivers in Turkey, with description of three new species (Teleostei: Salmonidae). Zootaxa 5150 (1): 43-64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5150.1.2
5E5C87CFFFAD0C20B9B0E7A3D373FD92.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name ardahanensis is derived from Ardahan Province, where the species has been collected. An adjective.	en	Turan, Davut, Kottelat, Maurice, Kaya, Cüneyt (2022): The trouts of the upper Kura and Aras rivers in Turkey, with description of three new species (Teleostei: Salmonidae). Zootaxa 5150 (1): 43-64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5150.1.2
5E5C87CFFFA00C22B9B0E328D707FEEE.taxon	description	(Figs. 5 – 6)	en	Turan, Davut, Kottelat, Maurice, Kaya, Cüneyt (2022): The trouts of the upper Kura and Aras rivers in Turkey, with description of three new species (Teleostei: Salmonidae). Zootaxa 5150 (1): 43-64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5150.1.2
5E5C87CFFFA00C22B9B0E328D707FEEE.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. FFR 3224, 259 mm SL; Turkey: Kars Prov.: Susuz district: Kırkpınar Stream, a tributary of Kars Stream, Aras River drainage (40 ° 51 ’ N 43 ° 01 ’ E); D. Turan & S. Engin, 3 September 2006. Paratypes. FFR 3122, 6, 140 – 250 mm SL; CMK 19739, 2, 133 – 172 mm SL; same data as holotype. — FFR 3114, 12, 116 – 201 mm SL; Kars Prov.: Susuz district: Kayalık Stream, a tributary of Kars Stream (40 ° 49 ’ N 43 ° 07 ’ E), Aras River drainage; D. Turan & S. Engin, 3 September 2006. — FFR 3115, 15, 93 – 237 mm SL; CMK 19462, 3, 117 – 162 mm SL; Kars Prov.: Susuz district: Porsuklu (Akçalı) Stream, a tributary of Kars Stream (40 ° 48 ’ N 43 ° 11 ’ E), Aras River drainage; D. Turan & S. Engin, 5 July 2006. — FFR 3118, 6, 95 – 132 mm SL; Kars Prov.: Sarıkamış district: Boyalı Stream, a tributary of Kars Stream (40 ° 26 ’ N 42 ° 34 ’ E), Aras River drainage; D. Turan & S. Engin, 5 July 2006. — FFR 3144, 16, 87 – 265 mm SL; Turkey: Kars Prov.: Susuz district: İncilipınar Stream, a tributary of Kars Stream (40 ° 49 ’ N 43 ° 04 ’ E), Aras River drainage; D. Turan, C. Kaya & E. Baycelebi, 15 July 2012.	en	Turan, Davut, Kottelat, Maurice, Kaya, Cüneyt (2022): The trouts of the upper Kura and Aras rivers in Turkey, with description of three new species (Teleostei: Salmonidae). Zootaxa 5150 (1): 43-64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5150.1.2
5E5C87CFFFA00C22B9B0E328D707FEEE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Salmo araxensis is distinguished from all the species of Salmo in adjacent waters by a combination of the following characters: body greyish to brownish in life; commonly one black spot behind eye, faintly marked; 3 – 10 black spots on preopercle and opercle; black spots on body few (7 – 27), scattered on back and upper part of flank, ocellated with a roundish narrow white ring; red spots few (30 – 39), small (about half of pupil diameter), faintly marked, ocellated, surrounded by a narrow white ring in males and females, usually organized in 2 – 4 irregular longitudinal rows on median and lower part of flank; maxilla length 9 – 10 % SL in males, 8 – 9 in females, reaching slightly beyond eye in males larger than about 130 mm SL and in females larger than about 190 mm SL; 103 – 114 lateral-line scales; 27 – 28 scale rows between lateral line and dorsal-fin origin; 17 – 20 scale rows between lateral line and anal-fin origin; 13 – 16 scale rows between lateral line and end of base of adipose fin; gill rakers 21 – 22 on outer side of first gill arch; 10 – 13 parr marks on flank, visible in specimens up to about 130 mm SL. No dark band on flank.	en	Turan, Davut, Kottelat, Maurice, Kaya, Cüneyt (2022): The trouts of the upper Kura and Aras rivers in Turkey, with description of three new species (Teleostei: Salmonidae). Zootaxa 5150 (1): 43-64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5150.1.2
5E5C87CFFFA00C22B9B0E328D707FEEE.taxon	description	Description. General appearance is shown in Figs. 5 – 6. Morphometric and meristic data are given in Tables 2 – 3. Body somewhat deep, slightly compressed laterally. Dorsal profile arched in males, straight or slightly arched in females, ventral profile less arched than dorsal profile in males and females. Head short, its length 24 – 29 % SL in males, 23 – 28 in females, upper profile convex in interorbital area and slightly concave at level of nostrils in males, markedly convex in interorbital area and snout in females. Mouth small, length of gape 12 – 16 % SL in males, 12 – 15 in females, slightly subterminal in males and females. Maxilla short, its length 9 – 10 % SL in males, 8 – 9 in females, reaching beyond eye in males larger than about 150 mm SL and in females larger than about 210 mm SL. Snout short, its length 6 – 8 % SL in males, 6 – 7 in females, with pointed tip in males and slightly pointed in females. Adipose fin somewhat large, its height 6 – 10 % SL in males, 6 – 8 in females. Vomer teeth small, in two rows. Lateral line with 103 – 114 scales; 24 – 28 scale rows between lateral line and dorsal-fin origin; 17 – 20 scale rows between lateral line and anal-fin origin; 13 – 16 scale rows between lateral line and end of base of adipose fin. Dorsal fin with 3 – 4 simple and 9 – 11 branched rays; distal margin straight. Pectoral fin with 1 simple and 10 – 12 branched rays; outer margin convex. Pelvic fin with 1 simple and 7 – 8 branched rays; outer margin convex. Anal fin with 3 simple and 7 – 8 branched rays; distal margin slightly convex anteriorly and concave posteriorly. Caudal-fin slightly forked, upper lope pointed and lower lobe rounded. Gill rakers 8 – 10 + 11 – 13 = 21 – 22 on outer side of first gill arch. Sexual dimorphism. Males of S. araxensis have a slightly longer head than females (24 – 29 % SL, mean 27.2 vs. 23 – 28, mean 25.8), a slightly deeper body (22 – 27 % SL, mean 25.0 vs. 21 – 26, mean 23.6), a slightly longer snout (6 – 8 % SL, mean 7.1 vs. 6 – 7, mean 6.3), a longer maxilla (9 – 10 % SL, mean 9.3 vs. 8 – 9, mean 8.6) and a somewhat greater mouth gape (9 – 11 % SL, mean 9.7 vs. 8 – 10, mean 8.7) than females. Coloration. In live and preserved specimens, body greyish to brownish on back and flank, belly yellowish. Commonly one black spot behind eye, faintly marked; 3 – 10 black spots on preopercle and opercle. No or 1 – 3 black spots on top of head. Black spots on body few (23 – 27 in males, 7 – 24 in females), small (usually smaller than pupil), ocellated, surrounded by a narrow white ring, restricted to back (but usually missing medially in predorsal area) and to upper part of flank. Red spots few (27 – 51), small (smaller than pupil), not conspicuous, ocellated, surrounded by a narrow white ring, usually organized in two to four irregular longitudinal rows on median and lower part of flank. Dorsal fin dark grey, with one or two rows of red spots and 2 – 5 rows of black spots, slightly marked. Caudal fin dark grey; pectoral, pelvic and anal fins greyish or yellowish; adipose fin dark grey, with no or one red spot along free edge. 10 – 13 parr marks on flank, visible in specimens up to about 130 mm SL, commonly vertically elongated.	en	Turan, Davut, Kottelat, Maurice, Kaya, Cüneyt (2022): The trouts of the upper Kura and Aras rivers in Turkey, with description of three new species (Teleostei: Salmonidae). Zootaxa 5150 (1): 43-64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5150.1.2
5E5C87CFFFA00C22B9B0E328D707FEEE.taxon	distribution	Distribution and notes on biology. Salmo araxensis is only known from three tributaries of Kars Stream (Kırkpınar, Porsuklu and İncilipınar streams), in Aras River drainage (Fig. 3). During various surveys in the area, S. araxensis has been observed neither in the lower part of the streams, nor in the other tributaries of Aras River, therefore, we consider that the species is not anadromous and is restricted to these streams. It inhabits headwaters, with clear and swift flowing water, with stone and pebble bottom. Its maximum known size is 276 mm SL. Mature individuals were observed in both sexes.	en	Turan, Davut, Kottelat, Maurice, Kaya, Cüneyt (2022): The trouts of the upper Kura and Aras rivers in Turkey, with description of three new species (Teleostei: Salmonidae). Zootaxa 5150 (1): 43-64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5150.1.2
5E5C87CFFFA00C22B9B0E328D707FEEE.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name araxensis is derived from Arax, the ancient name of the Aras River. An adjective.	en	Turan, Davut, Kottelat, Maurice, Kaya, Cüneyt (2022): The trouts of the upper Kura and Aras rivers in Turkey, with description of three new species (Teleostei: Salmonidae). Zootaxa 5150 (1): 43-64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5150.1.2
