identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
5F038794FF8C04654D8EF9B0FAFE7310.text	5F038794FF8C04654D8EF9B0FAFE7310.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nudibranchia CUVIER 1817	<div><p>NUDIBRANCHIA CUVIER, 1817</p> <p>CLADOBRANCHIA WILLAN &amp; MORTON, 1984</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F038794FF8C04654D8EF9B0FAFE7310	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pola, Marta;Camacho-García, Yolanda E.;Gosliner, Terrence M.	Pola, Marta, Camacho-García, Yolanda E., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2012): Molecular data illuminate cryptic nudibranch species: the evolution of the Scyllaeidae (Nudibranchia: Dendronotina) with a revision of Notobryon. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 165 (2): 311-336, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00816.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00816.x
5F038794FF8C04664D1AF9E5FED374EA.text	5F038794FF8C04664D1AF9E5FED374EA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scyllaeidae ALDER & HANCOCK 1855	<div><p>FAMILY SCYLLAEIDAE ALDER &amp; HANCOCK, 1855</p> <p>Synopsis of the family Scyllaeidae Odhner, 1936 Dorsal margin produced into large lobes (continuous or separated, with a trace on the rhinophoral sheaths) covered more or less with branchial tufts. Velum indistinct; no frontal papillae. Rhinophore club perfoliate. Anus lateral or laterodorsal. Eyes with very short optic nerves. Jaws covering pharynx. Radula with several laterals; median tooth present or absent. Nephroproct adjacent to anus. Digestive gland divided into two to four compact, not branching, globular masses. Stomach plates present. Gonad separated from digestive gland, appearing in a few globular masses. Vas deferens emerges from the albumen gland.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F038794FF8C04664D1AF9E5FED374EA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pola, Marta;Camacho-García, Yolanda E.;Gosliner, Terrence M.	Pola, Marta, Camacho-García, Yolanda E., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2012): Molecular data illuminate cryptic nudibranch species: the evolution of the Scyllaeidae (Nudibranchia: Dendronotina) with a revision of Notobryon. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 165 (2): 311-336, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00816.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00816.x
5F038794FF8F046C4F1DFE46FB2E740C.text	5F038794FF8F046C4F1DFE46FB2E740C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Notobryon Odhner 1936	<div><p>GENUS NOTOBRYON</p> <p>Synopsis of the genus Notobryon Odhner, 1936</p> <p>Body sides smooth. Two pairs of dorsal lobes with long bases. Anus lateral, between the right lobes. Rhinophoral sheaths with an elevated posterior crest. Digestive gland divided into three compact masses (right, left anterior, and posterior). Radula without median tooth, rachis broad. Penis short, conical with flattened edge-shaped and bearing a small projecting lobe.</p> <p>Type species: Notobryon wardi Odhner, 1936</p> <p>NOTOBRYON WARDI ODHNER, 1936</p> <p>(FIGS 1, 2, 3, 4, 5A–B)</p> <p>Notobryon wardi Odhner, 1936: 1099, plate 1, figures 1–3, text figures 31–38; Baba, 1949: 90, pl. 36, figures 131–132, text figure 114. Nakano, 2004: 217, bottom photo.</p> <p>Notobryon sp. 1 Gosliner, Behrens &amp;Valdés, 2008: 327, second photo from bottom.</p> <p>Notobryon sp. 2 Gosliner, Behrens &amp; Valdés, 2008: 327, bottom photo.</p> <p>Type material: Lectotype (designated here): SMNH type no. 8092 Notobryon wardi Odhner, 1936, east Australia, Queensland, Port Curtis, off Gatcombe Head, one adult specimen 58 mm preserved length, 16 m depth, vii.1929, leg. M. Ward and W. Boardman. The lectotype is intact and was not dissected in this study. Externally, it is in good condition but it is difficult to visualize a few features because the specimen is swollen or some structures are contracted, probably because of the preservation method. Paralectotypes (designated here): SMNH1346, east Australia, Queensland, Port Curtis, off Gatcombe Head, three adult specimens 37, 50, and 51 mm preserved length (two specimens dissected), 16 m depth, vii.1929, leg. M. Ward and W. Boardman. Specimens with four labels, three of them handwritten by Odhner: one records ‘ Notobryon wardi n. gen. n. sp. Type, Det. Odhner’, the second records the number 4306, and the third one, ‘ Dredge off Gatcombe Head, Pt. Curtis about 9 f (illegible), July 1929. Coll. M. Ward &amp; W. Boardman’. The fourth label corresponds to the printed label by the SMNH Museum with all the collecting information. Two of the three paralectotypes were dissected by Odhner. A vial inside the main container had one central nervous system, one complete jaw, two radulae, part of the buccal bulb, part of the stomach plates, and part of the digestive gland. One of the radulae was cleaned and mounted in a SEM stub by us. This is the radula that corresponds to the one that Odhner depicted in the original description. All these structures with the exception of the second radula belong to the 50 mm paralectotype specimen. The second radula remained inside the tissue and was also cleaned and mounted for SEM. In the 51 mm paralectotype, the labial cuticle was still inside the buccal bulb. All the internal organs are present except for the heart and radula. The stomach was opened to remove the stomach plates, the same one that we found in the glass vial. We counted seven plates in the stomach and we believe that one is missing and should be the one that was inside the vial. This plate was also mounted for SEM.</p> <p>Other specimens: Papua New Guinea: CASIZ 075283, Papua New Guinea, North coast, near Madang, inner side of barrier reef just south of Rasch Passage, Matthew’s Folly, 22 m depth, one adult specimen 15 mm preserved, dissected, 15.xi.1990, collected by (coll.) T. M. Gosliner, photo slide. CASIZ 086503, Papua New Guinea, North coast, near Madang, inner side of Rasch Passage, 5 m depth, two immature specimens 5 &amp; 10 mm preserved, dissected, 16.vi.1992, coll. T. M. Gosliner, photo slide. Indonesia: CASIZ 117360, Indonesia, Banda Sea, Reong Island, out at night, 9 m depth, one adult specimen 35 mm alive (18 mm preserved), dissected, 3.xi.1998, coll. P. Fiene-Severns, photo slide. Hawaii: CASIZ 104662, Hawaii, Maui, Makena, one immature specimen 13 mm alive, dissected, 19.v.1995, coll. P. Fiene- Severns, photo slide. CASIZ 101129, Hawaii, Maui, Black Rock, 10 m depth, two immature specimens 5 mm preserved, 20.x.1994, coll. C. Pittman, photo slide. CASIZ 101109, Hawaii, Maui, Airport Beach, on Halimeda, 9 m depth, one immature specimen 5 mm alive, 1.ix.1994, coll. C. Pittman, photo slide. CASIZ 105934, Hawaii, Oahu, off Haleiwa, 109 m, two specimens 20 mm preserved (one dissected), date and collector unknown. CASIZ 116801, Hawaii, Oahu, Kepuhi Point, exposed on rubble at night, 35 m depth, one specimen 20 mm preserved, 3.xii.1985, coll. S. Johnson, photo slide. Philippines: CASIZ 177589, Philippines, Luzon Island, Batangas Province, Mabini, Mainit Bubbles, 16 m maximum depth, one adult specimen 20 mm preserved, dissected, 16.iv.2008, coll. T. M. Gosliner, digital pictures. CASIZ 177591, Philippines, Luzon Island, Batangas Province, Mabini, Mainit Bubbles, 16 m maximum depth, one adult specimen 25 mm preserved, dissected, 16.iv.2008, coll. T. M. Gosliner, digital pictures. CASIZ 177759, Philippines, Luzon Island, Batangas Province, Mabini, Mainit Bubbles, 17 m maximum depth, one adult specimen 25 mm preserved, dissected, 22.iv.2008, coll. T. M. Gosliner, digital pictures. CASIZ 177537, Philippines, Luzon Island, Batangas Province, Mabini, Calumpan Peninsula, Mainit Bubbles, 23 m maximum depth, one adult specimen 20 mm preserved, 21.iii.2008, coll. T. M. Gosliner, A. Valdés, M. Pola, L. Witzel, B. Moore &amp; A. Alejandrino, digital pictures. CASIZ 177540, Philippines, Luzon Island, Batangas Province, Mabini, Calumpan Peninsula, Mainit Bubbles, 23 m max depth, one specimen 15 mm preserved, 21.iii.2008, coll. T. M. Gosliner, A. Valdés, M. Pola, L. Witzel, B. Moore &amp; A. Alejandrino, digital pictures. Pacific Ocean: CASIZ 180378, Marshall Islands: Kwajalein Atoll: South Loi Island: ‘ South Loi sandspit’, 8 m depth, one adult specimen 25 mm alive, 18.xi.2007, coll. S. Johnson, digital pictures.</p> <p>Geographical distribution: Indo-West Pacific: originally described from Australia (Odhner, 1936; Greer, 2000) this species is also found in the Philippines (Köhler, 2001; Gosliner et al., 2008 identified as Notobryon sp.2, present study), Papua New Guinea (Coleman, 2008; Gosliner et al., 2008 identified as Notobryon sp.2, present study), Japan (Nakano, 2004), and Indonesia, Hawaii, and Marshall Islands (Debelius &amp; Kuiter, 2007; present study).</p> <p>Etymology: This species was named after one of the collectors, M. Ward who collected the first four specimens by dredging in July 1929.</p> <p>External morphology (Fig. 1): The body is slender, soft, flaccid, and elevated but laterally compressed. There is a dorsal crest behind the posterior lobes that ends in a keel-like tail. The margin is continuous anteriorly to the narrowest point near the middle of the body. There are some additional more elevated parts, running towards and forming a marked crest on the elevated rhinophoral sheaths. The rhinophores are perfoliate with about ten to 20 lamellae. The front of the head is bilobed but without processes or tentacles. There are two pairs of dorsolateral lobes. These lobes are well developed, the first pair slightly larger than the posterior pair and nearly continuous at their bases leaving U-shaped spaces between them. Each dorsolateral lobe bears four delicately branched secondary gills on their upper surface that look like small trees, two on the inner surface of each lobe and two usually smaller ‘gills’ on the outer margin of each lobe. There are also one or two extra secondary tripinnate ‘gills’ located just in front of the posterior end of the foot. The anal papilla is located on the right side, between the two lobes. The genital opening is on the right side, beneath the anterior end of the first lobe. Minute holes or subcutaneous glands, whose function is indeterminate, cover the entire body.</p> <p>The body surface is quite smooth and semitransparent or reddish-brownish but with fairly numerous small light blue spots, some coalescing into slightly larger blotches. There are also traces of light brown scattered all over the body surface. The secondary ‘gill’ stalks are mostly transparent but some have thin brown cores. Externally the ‘gills’ are sporadically scattered with shiny opaque white, usually near the bases.</p> <p>Anatomy: The alimentary canal begins anteriorly with the buccal bulb that has a pair of elongate jaws that are somewhat brown and thickened along the masticatory process. The masticatory edge of the jaws is expanded into a wing-like flap (Figs 2A, 3A). Over the edge of this flap are a series of polygonal rodlets that have a series of denticles along their outer edge. These rodlets form a honey-comb pattern over the entire surface of the masticatory edge (Figs 2B, 3B, 4A–B). The radula is broad and lacks rachidian teeth (Fig. 3C). The radular formula of most of the dissected specimens is detailed in Table 1. The radula formula described by Odhner (1936) is 14 ¥ 22– 24.0.22–24. The formula of two of the syntypes is 12 ¥ 21.0.21. Each lateral tooth bore denticles on both sides (Figs 2C–D, 3D–F, 4C–D). The denticulation is usually stronger on the outer face of each cusp (Fig. 3E–F). The teeth gradually increase in size towards the outer margin except for the two to three outermost teeth. The salivary glands are a flocculent mass of fine branching tubules, surrounding the foremost part of the very wide oesophagus. The stomach is well developed and has thick folds on the walls forming a girdle of eight thick plate-like elevations, broadly triangular, with broad base and a central apex (Fig. 3G). The digestive gland forms three distinct unbranched lobes.</p> <p>The reproductive system of two specimens is shown in Figure 5A–B. The ovotestis consists of two large and globular gonads lying on the upper side of the posterior liver mass. From each gonad a thin-walled duct passes forwards to the hermaphroditic duct. The distal end of the hermaphroditic duct gets wider and expands into a long and convoluted ampulla that branch into the vas deferens and the oviduct. The oviduct enters the female gland mass. The vas deferens is long, and somewhat folded. It lacks a morphologically well-differentiated prostate gland mass but about half of its length has a different texture and appearance. The remaining deferent duct is narrower and smoother ending in a dilated penis. The penis is a short conical shape with its external margin compressed into an edge ending in a triangular lobe with two short cups (Figs 3H, 4E–F). The vagina is short with an elongate and large bursa copulatrix.</p> <p>NOTOBRYON BIJECURUM BABA, 1937</p> <p>(FIGS 5C, 6A–D, 7)</p> <p>Notobryon bijecurum Baba, 1937: 166 figures 1–3; Baba 1949: 91, plate 37, figure 133, text figure 115. Nakano, 2004: 217, middle photo.</p> <p>Material examined: CASIZ 089003, Japan, Ryukyu Islands, Okinawa, 1.3 km east-north-east of Maekizaki, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.87666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.506666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.87666/lat 26.506666)">Seragaki Beach</a>, 26°30.4′N, 127°52.6′E, mixed sand coral rubble, 40 m depth, one adult specimen 57 mm alive, dissected, 29.xi.1992, coll. R. Bolland, photo slide.</p> <p>Geographical distribution: Currently known only from Japan (Baba, 1937, 1949; Nakano, 2004; present study).</p> <p>External morphology (Fig. 6A–D): The body is slender, soft, flaccid, and elevated, but laterally compressed. The foot is narrow. The posterior crest is moderately large with an entire margin. The rhinophoral sheaths have a posterior longitudinal crest. The rhinophores are perfoliate with 16 lamellae. The front of the head is expanded in a semicircular veil with a wavy margin. There are two pairs of dorsolateral lobes, the posterior ones are much smaller that the anterior ones. These lobes are nearly continuous at their bases leaving a U-shaped space between them. The margins of the dorsolateral lobes are entire. Each dorsolateral lobe bears four large and dendritic ‘gills’ on their upper surface and one on the tail. The anal papilla is located on the right side, between the two lobes. The genital opening is on the right side, beneath the anterior end of the first lobe.</p> <p>The body surface is quite smooth, varying from transparent to semitransparent light orange or light yellow with bold opaque marking on the back and the sides. Sometimes there are small light blue spots, some coalescing into usually two larger blotches. The ‘gills’ are mostly transparent. Minute holes or subcutaneous glands of indeterminate function cover the entire body.</p> <p>Anatomy: The alimentary canal begins anteriorly with a buccal bulb that has a pair of elongate jaws (Fig. 7A). The masticatory edge of the jaw-plate is formed into a wide flange closely covered with numerous scale-like armatures (Fig. 7B). The radula is broad and lacks rachidian teeth (Fig. 7C). The radula formula described by Baba (1937) for a 30 mm long specimen is 12 ¥ 14–16.0.14–16. The radula formula of the 57 mm specimen studied in this paper is 16 ¥ 24.0.24. Each lateral tooth bears denticles on both sides except for the first inner lateral tooth that lack any denticles (Fig. 7D, E). The teeth gradually increase in size towards the outer margin except for the last two outermost teeth that become smaller. The salivary glands are very elongate and flocculent surrounding the foremost part of the very long and narrow oesophagus. There are seven stomach plates that are thick and broadly triangular (Fig. 7F).</p> <p>The reproductive system is shown in Figure 5C. The ovotestis is comprised of two large and globular gonad groups lying on the upper side of the posterior digestive gland mass. The anterior group is composed of four hermaphroditic glands whereas the posterior group consists of five hermaphroditic glands. The hermaphroditic duct expands into a wider and folded duct that functions as an ampulla. The ampulla branches into the vas deferens and the oviduct. The oviduct enters the female gland mass. The vas deferens has a morphologically well-differentiated prostate gland mass. The prostate is large and globular consisting of many small rounded glands (Fig. 7G). From the prostate continues a relatively short and folded duct that ends in a conical and pointed penis (Fig. 7H). The vagina is short and lacks a bursa copulatrix.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F038794FF8F046C4F1DFE46FB2E740C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pola, Marta;Camacho-García, Yolanda E.;Gosliner, Terrence M.	Pola, Marta, Camacho-García, Yolanda E., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2012): Molecular data illuminate cryptic nudibranch species: the evolution of the Scyllaeidae (Nudibranchia: Dendronotina) with a revision of Notobryon. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 165 (2): 311-336, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00816.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00816.x
5F038794FF85046D4D78FE0BFAB57216.text	5F038794FF85046D4D78FE0BFAB57216.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Notobryon clavigerum , Baba 1937	<div><p>NOTOBRYON CLAVIGERUM BABA, 1937 (FIG. 6E, F)</p> <p>Notobryon clavigerum Baba, 1937: 168, figures 4–6; Baba, 1949: 92, plate 37, figure 134, text figure 116. Nakano, 2004: 218, top three photos.</p> <p>No specimens of N. clavigerum Baba, 1937 have been studied in the present paper because types were not traceable. This species was originally described by Baba (1937) from a single specimen of 80 mm in length collected in Japan, Sagami Bay, Amadaiba, in July 1935. The general shape of the body and most of the external and internal features are very similar to the two previously described species but Baba claimed that there are enough differences to describe N. clavigerum as a different species. Thus, Baba stated that in N. clavigerum the rhinophoral sheaths have a longitudinal crest not only along the posterior margin but also along the anterior margin that ends distally in a wavy margin. Another interesting difference is that the dorsolateral lobes have smooth edges except at the tip, which stands recurved having a row of small claw-like papillae, five on the anterior and three on the posterior lobes, respectively. Moreover, in N. clavigerum, the posterior end is long and has a lower crest on the middle line than in the previously described species. The remaining external and internal features described by Baba (1937) are very similar to N. wardi and N. bijecurum except for the description of hermaphroditic glands consisting of nine separates lobes and the presence of only six gastric plates. The reproductive system is not described.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F038794FF85046D4D78FE0BFAB57216	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pola, Marta;Camacho-García, Yolanda E.;Gosliner, Terrence M.	Pola, Marta, Camacho-García, Yolanda E., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2012): Molecular data illuminate cryptic nudibranch species: the evolution of the Scyllaeidae (Nudibranchia: Dendronotina) with a revision of Notobryon. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 165 (2): 311-336, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00816.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00816.x
5F038794FF8704704ED0FC7CFA9276F9.text	5F038794FF8704704ED0FC7CFA9276F9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Notobryon thompsoni Pola & Camacho-García & Gosliner 2012	<div><p>NOTOBRYON THOMPSONI SP. NOV. (FIGS 5D, 8, 9)</p> <p>Notobryon wardi Thompson &amp; Brown, 1981: 437, figures 1–2, misidentification; Gosliner, 1987: 105, middle photo, misidentification; Zsilavecz, 2007: 67, 4 figs, misidentification.</p> <p>Material examined: Type material: Holotype: CASIZ 176363, South Africa, western Cape Province, west False Bay, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.452&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.125" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.452/lat -34.125)">Dale Brook</a>, 34°7.50′S, 18°27.12′E, intertidal zone, one adult specimen 18 mm preserved, 7.i.2008, coll. T. M. Gosliner, A. Valdés, M. Pola, L. Witzel, B. Moore &amp; C. Stout, digital photograph. Paratypes: CASIZ 176362, South Africa, western Cape Province, west False Bay, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.452&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.125" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.452/lat -34.125)">Dale Brook</a>, 34°7.50′S, 18°27.12′E, intertidal zone, one adult specimen 20 mm preserved, dissected, 7.i.2008, coll. T. M. Gosliner, A. Valdés, M. Pola, L. Witzel, B. Moore &amp; C. Stout, digital photograph. CASIZ 176364, South Africa, western Cape Province, west False Bay, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.452&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.125" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.452/lat -34.125)">Dale Brook</a>, 34°7.50′S, 18°27.12′E, intertidal zone, one immature specimen 10 mm preserved, 7.i.2008, coll. T. M. Gosliner, A. Valdés, M. Pola, L. Witzel, B. Moore &amp; C. Stout, digital photograph. CASIZ 176277, South Africa, Cape Province, Atlantic coast, Oudekraal, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.360167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.981834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.360167/lat -33.981834)">Mushroom Rock</a>, 33°58.91′S, 18°21.61′E, 14 m maximum depth, one adult specimen 18 mm preserved, dissected, 5.i.2008, coll. T. M. Gosliner, A. Valdés, M. Pola, L. Witzel, B. Moore &amp; C. Stout, digital photograph. CASIZ 176925, South Africa, Cape Province, Atlantic coast, Oudekraal, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.360167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.981834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.360167/lat -33.981834)">Oudekraal</a>, 33°58.91′S, 18°21.61′E, 12 m maximum depth, one specimen 12 mm preserved, dissected, 13.i.2008, coll. T. M. Gosliner, A. Valdés, M. Pola, L. Witzel, B. Moore &amp; C. Stout, digital photograph. CASIZ 176956, South Africa, Cape Province, Atlantic coast, Oudekraal, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.349667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.988167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.349667/lat -33.988167)">Coral Gardens</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.349667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.988167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.349667/lat -33.988167)">Hottentot’s Huisie</a>, 33°59.29′S, 18°20.98′E, 17.5 m maximum depth, one immature specimen 12 mm preserved, dissected, 14.i.2008, coll. T. M. Gosliner, A. Valdés, M. Pola, L. Witzel, B. Moore &amp; C. Stout, digital photograph. CASIZ 073189, South Africa, Cape Province, Atlantic coast, Oudekraal, Coral Gardens, Hottentot’s Huisie, north of Llandudno, one specimen 15 mm preserved, i.1981, coll. T. M. Gosliner. CASIZ 074100, South Africa, Cape Province, False Bay, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.452&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.125" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.452/lat -34.125)">Dale Brook</a>, 34°7.50′S, 18°27.12′E, one adult specimen 21 mm preserved, collection date unknown, coll. T. M. Gosliner, digital photograph. CASIZ 073964, South Africa, Cape Province, Atlantic coast, off Bloubergstrand, 4.6 m depth, one adult specimen 40 mm preserved, 14.ii.1980, coll. W. R. Liltved. SAM 33981, South Africa, Cape Province, False Bay, Dale Brooks, intertidal, five immature specimens 3, 5, 8, 10, and 15 mm preserved, collection date unknown, coll. T. M. Gosliner. SAM CP614 B, South Africa, Cape Province, one adult specimen 20 mm preserved, dissected, 22.iii.1958, Ecological Survey, University of Cape Town. SAM KNY214 C, South Africa, Cape Province, one adult specimen 30 mm preserved, 7.vii.1960, ecological survey, University of Cape Town.</p> <p>Geographical distribution: Currently known from South Africa (Thompson &amp; Brown, 1981; Gosliner, 1987; Debelius &amp; Kuiter, 2007; Zsilavecz, 2007; present study), all specimens previously identified as N. wardi.</p> <p>Etymology: Notobryon thompsoni is named after T. E. Thompson who was the first to describe this species based on several specimens that he collected in South</p> <p>Africa (Thompson &amp; Brown, 1981), but he mistakenly identified this species as N. wardi.</p> <p>External morphology (Fig. 8): The body is slender and laterally compressed. The front of the head is bilobed forming a thin oral veil. There is a distinctive posterior dorsal crest. The rhinophores are perfoliate with about ten to 15 lamellae. The rhinophoral sheaths have the characteristic elevated crest on its posterior face. There are two pairs of dorsolateral lobes. These lobes are markedly concave on the medial faces and the anterior pair is quite separate from the posterior pair leaving a large and straight space between the two of them. Both dorsolateral lobes are very similar in size, and more rounded rather than triangular, the first pair is sometimes slightly larger than the posterior pair. Each dorsolateral lobe bears four delicate secondary ‘gills’, although in one specimen (CASIZ 074100) we counted up to six on the right side of the second pair of lobes. All the ‘gills’ are about the same size and very branched, looking like small trees. There is an extra secondary tripinnate ‘gill’ located just in front of the posterior end of the body. The anal papilla is located on the right side, immediately in front of the posterior lobe. The genital opening is on the right side, at a level behind and ventral to the right rhinophore. Minute holes or subcutaneous glands of unknown function cover the entire body.</p> <p>The ground colour is pale brown or brown reddish with specks and some large blotchy areas of superficial blue-green pigment, often forming glistening apices on the pointed papillae of the flanks. There are also scattered dark brown spots over the sides and notum and dark brown pigment edges the dorsolateral lobes and the metapodial ridges. The medial faces of the spoon-like lobes show iridescent pink or green areas. The posterior crest of the rhinophoral sheaths, as well as their upper wavy margin, has the same iridescent pigment as the lobes. The tips of the rhinophores are iridescent green or blue. The lamellae are pale brown. The ‘gills’ are transparent but exhibit the same iridescent pigment that is present in the lobes, rhinophoral sheaths, and the posterior end.</p> <p>Anatomy: The alimentary canal begins anteriorly with a buccal bulb that has a pair of elongate jaws (Fig. 9A). The masticatory edge of the jaws is expanded into a wing-like flap. Over the edge of this flap is a series of polygonal rodlets that have a series of denticles along their outer edge. These rodlets form a honey-comb pattern over the entire surface of the masticatory edge (Fig. 9B). The radula is broad and lacks rachidian teeth (Fig. 9C). The radula formula is 12–19 ¥ 16–20.0.16–20. The specific formula for some of the specimens studied in this paper is shown in Table 1. Although it is difficult to see it seems that except for the inner and outermost teeth, each cusp bears denticles on both sides, always stronger on the outer face of each cusp (Fig. 9D, E). The teeth gradually increase in size towards the outer margin except for the last two to three outer teeth that become smaller (Fig. 9E). The salivary glands are elongate and flocculent surrounding the foremost part of the long and narrow oesophagus. We found eight conical gastric plates in the stomach (Fig. 9F). The digestive gland forms three distinct unbranched lobes.</p> <p>The reproductive system is shown in Figure 5D. The ovotestis consists of two globular gonads lying on the upper side of the posterior digestive gland mass. From each gonad a thin-walled duct passes forwards to the hermaphroditic duct. The distal end of the hermaphroditic duct gets wider and expands into a long and convoluted ampulla that branches into the vas deferens and the oviduct. The oviduct enters the female gland mass. The vas deferens is short, wide, and somewhat folded. It lacks a morphologically welldifferentiated prostate gland mass but about half of its length has a different texture and appearance. The vas deferens ends in a digitiform, unarmed penis (Fig. 9G, H). The vagina is short with an elongate bursa copulatrix.</p> <p>Natural history: Found from the intertidal zone down to at least 15 m, but most commonly found intertidally. Feeds on hydroids. Prefers densely overgrown reefs (Zsilavecz, 2007). This species, when disturbed, swims by lateral movements of the body.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F038794FF8704704ED0FC7CFA9276F9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pola, Marta;Camacho-García, Yolanda E.;Gosliner, Terrence M.	Pola, Marta, Camacho-García, Yolanda E., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2012): Molecular data illuminate cryptic nudibranch species: the evolution of the Scyllaeidae (Nudibranchia: Dendronotina) with a revision of Notobryon. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 165 (2): 311-336, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00816.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00816.x
5F038794FF9904734D63FC26FC9C7216.text	5F038794FF9904734D63FC26FC9C7216.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Notobryon panamica Pola & Camacho-García & Gosliner 2012	<div><p>NOTOBRYON PANAMICA SP. NOV. (FIGS 5E, 10, 11)</p> <p>Notobryon wardi Behrens &amp; Hermosillo, 2005: 99, upper photo, misidentification; Hermosillo et al., 2006: 167, bottom photo, misidentification.</p> <p>Notobryon sp. Camacho-García et al., 2005: 95, upper photo.</p> <p>Material examined: Type material: Holotype: Mexico: CASIZ 180376, Mexico, Jalisco, Bahía de Banderas, Mismaloya, one adult specimen, dissected, 3.iv.2009, coll: A. Hermosillo, digital photograph. Paratypes: CASIZ 175778, Mexico, Jalisco, Bahía de Banderas, Los Arcos, one adult specimen 15 mm preserved, dissected, 12.vi.2003, coll. A. Hermosillo, photo slide. Costa Rica: MZUCR-INB0003118069, Costa Rica, Guanacaste, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-85.87139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.479722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -85.87139/lat 10.479722)">West Isla Catalina</a>, intertidal, 10°28′47′′N, 85°52′17′′W, one adult specimen 15 mm preserved, dissected, 23.i.2001, coll. S. Ávila. MZUCR 6356, Costa Rica, Punta Ballena, Isla del Caño, 8 m depth, one adult specimen 20 mm preserved, dissected, 30.iv.2006, coll. Y. Camacho, digital photograph. Panama: CASIZ 088163, Panama, Pacific coast, Isla Montuosa, 12 m maximum depth, one immature specimen 12 mm preserved, dissected, 15.iv.1993, coll. T. M. Gosliner, photo slide. CASIZ 088164, Panama, Pacific coast, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-81.808334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.2166667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -81.808334/lat 7.2166667)">Isla Jicarita</a>, southeast side, 7°13′N, 81°48′30′′W, 16.iv.1993, one immature specimen 6 mm preserved, 16.iv.1993, coll. T. M. Gosliner, photo slide. CASIZ 088177, Panama, Pacific coast, Isla Jicarita, anchorage, one adult specimen 20 mm preserved, dissected, 16.iv.1993, coll. T. M. Gosliner, photo slide.</p> <p>Geographical distribution: This species has been recorded from the Pacific coast of southern Mexico to Costa Rica and Panama (Hermosillo, 2002a, b; Behrens &amp; Hermosillo, 2005; Camacho-García et al., 2005 identified as Notobryon sp., Hermosillo, Behrens &amp; Rios Jara, 2006 identified as N. wardi) and the Caribbean coast of Honduras, Santa Lucía, Virgin Islands, St. Vincent, and the Grenadines (Valdés et al., 2006 provisionally identified as N. wardi but probably an undescribed species).</p> <p>Etymology: This species is named after the Panamic Biogeographical Province, to which this species appears to be restricted.</p> <p>External morphology (Fig. 10): The body is limaciform, tapering to the acute posterior end of the foot. The anterior end of the head is indented. The foot is paddle shaped with a dorsal sail-shaped crest. The rhinophoral sheaths are wide and tall with a posteriorly directed crest. They expand into a wide opening through which the perfoliate rhinophores are visible. The crest is crenulated with a few tubercles at the base of its posterior side. The rhinophores are perfoliate with about 15 lamellae. The three lobes of the digestive gland are readily visible through the body. Small rounded tubercles are present on the body surface. The body has four lateral rounded lobes that are extended laterally when the animal is at rest or vertically when it is actively crawling. Each lobe has four secondary ‘gills’ of about the same length. These ‘gills’ are higher than the dorsal lobes. One pair is located below the base of each lobe, on the notum and the other pair just above them, but on the lobe. The secondary ‘gills’ are tripinnate. In one of the specimens examined (MZUCR 6356), there is one extra secondary ‘gill’ located at the anterior part of the tail. Both pairs of dorsolateral lobes are very similar in size, the first pair sometimes slightly larger than the posterior pair. The upper margin of the lobes, the rhinophoral sheaths, and the tail are markedly crenulated. The anal papilla is elevated and lobated, located on the right side, immediately in front of the posterior lobe. The genital opening is located laterally at a level behind and ventral to the right rhinophore.</p> <p>The body colour is translucent brown. The internal organs are orangish yellow. The notum is covered with opaque yellowish white, olive green, and blue traces of pigment. These spots are also spread over the oral veil, rhinophoral sheaths, dorsolateral lobes, and tail crest. Some pinkish spots also occur on the margins of the dorsolateral lobes and the branchial sheaths. Scattered brown spots are also found over the notum, the laterals, and the posterior metapodium. The tubercles are opaque white to light brown in colour. The rhinophoral sheaths are the same colour as the notum with some blue, green, and pink specks. The rhinophoral apex is opaque white. The spotting on the body may be present and more notable in some animals than others. The branchial leaves are almost transparent, some of them speckled with pink. Ventrally, the foot is light grey.</p> <p>Anatomy: The alimentary canal begins anteriorly with an oval, muscular buccal bulb that has a pair of strong and elongate jaws (Fig. 11A). The masticatory edge of the jaws is expanded into a wing-like flap. Over the edge of this flap is a series of polygonal rodlets that have a series of denticles along their outer edge. These rodlets form a honey-comb pattern over the entire surface of the masticatory edge (Fig. 11B). The radula is broad and lacks rachidian teeth (Fig. 11C). The radula formula is 9–18 ¥ 13– 20.0.13–20. The specific formula for some of the specimens studied in this paper is shown in Table 1. Most of the cusps bear denticles on both sides, stronger but less numerous on the outer face of each cusp (Fig. 11C, D). The inner and outermost teeth may lack any denticulation or have a very faint one. The teeth gradually increase in size towards the outer margin except for the last two to three outermost teeth, which are smaller (Fig. 11C, D). The salivary glands are elongate and flocculent surrounding the foremost part of the long and narrow oesophagus. We found six to seven thick plates-like elevations on the stomach, which are broadly triangular, with a broad base and a central apex (Fig. 11E). The digestive gland forms three distinct unbranched lobes.</p> <p>The reproductive system is shown in Figure 5E. The ovotestis consists of two globular gonads lying on the upper side of the posterior digestive gland mass. From each gonad a thin-walled duct passes forwards to the hermaphroditic duct. The distal end of the hermaphroditic duct gets wider and expands into a long and convoluted ampulla that branches into the vas deferens and the oviduct. The oviduct enters the female gland mass. The vas deferens is short, wide, and somewhat folded. It lacks a morphologically welldifferentiated prostate gland mass but about half of its length has a different texture and appearance. The penis is flattened and paddle-shaped with a symmetrical apex. It lacks any auxiliary projections and is unarmed (Fig. 11F–H). The vagina is short with an elongate bursa copulatrix.</p> <p>Natural history: Rare, subtidal. This species, when disturbed, swims by lateral movements of the body. Feeds on Lytocarpus hydroids (Hermosillo, 2002a, b; Behrens &amp; Hermosillo, 2005; Hermosillo et al., 2006).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F038794FF9904734D63FC26FC9C7216	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pola, Marta;Camacho-García, Yolanda E.;Gosliner, Terrence M.	Pola, Marta, Camacho-García, Yolanda E., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2012): Molecular data illuminate cryptic nudibranch species: the evolution of the Scyllaeidae (Nudibranchia: Dendronotina) with a revision of Notobryon. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 165 (2): 311-336, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00816.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00816.x
