identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
5A179F03E867AD2CA3F9FF6DFF3FFAF1.text	5A179F03E867AD2CA3F9FF6DFF3FFAF1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bibio hortulanus (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>1. Bibio hortulanus (Linnaeus, 1758)</p> <p>Tipula hortulana Linnaeus, 1758: 588</p> <p>Bibio siculus Loew, 1846: 344 syn. rev.</p> <p>Bibio hortulanus L. s. str.: Duda 1930: 57</p> <p>Bibio hortulanus L. var. siculus Loew: Duda 1930: 60</p> <p>Bibio hortulanus L.: Krivosheina 1986: 322</p> <p>Bibio siculus Loew: Krivosheina 1986: 325</p> <p>Literature records. Cagliari prov., near Cagliari, mid April 1882 (Costa 1883). Sardinia (without further data) (Dahl et al. 1995; Skartveit 2004) [probably based on Costa (1883)].</p> <p>Other records. Italy, Aosta Valley: St. Denis, 880m, 13.V.2006, 1 ♀, J.-P. Haenni leg. (MHNN). Italy, Lombardy: Como prov., Menaggio, 18-30.V.1891, 6 ♂♂, 14 ♀, Escher-Kündig leg. (ETHZ).</p> <p>Chorotype. A probable Asiatic-European element, present at least in the whole W-Palaearctic region.</p> <p>Italian distribution. Mainland Italy, Sicily, Sardinia (Dahl et al. 1995). All of Italy (Boselli 1928: 92), Piedmont (Leonardi 1927; Boselli 1928), Trentino-Alto Adige (Marcuzzi 1956; Hellrigl 1996; Skartveit &amp; Thaler 2001; Vanin 2006), Venetia (Sommaggio et al. 2004), Emilia-Romagna (Leonardi 1927), Latium (Krivosheina 1997; Rivosecchi &amp; Di Luca 2001), Campania (Leonardi 1927), Sicily (Loew 1846), Aosta Valley, Lombardy (present paper).</p> <p>Ecology. A common vernal species, especially abundant in traditional agricultural landscape.</p> <p>Notes. The species is not represented in recent material from Sardinia (CNBFVR), but its very characteristic features make it unmistakable, especially females. Bibio siculus Loew has been considered as a separate species in recent catalogues (Krivosheina 1986; Skartveit 2004), pending a study of the variability within the Bibio hortulanus complex. Variability is indeed important in southern Palaearctic forms, but the characters concerned are only colour of thorax and abdomen, and colour of pilosity, which are not reliable at the specific level within Bibio Geoffroy, as recently pointed out by Skartveit (2006). For this reason I here follow Duda (1930), who treated B. siculus (and other forms) as mere varieties of B. hortulanus, and I consider both names as synomyms: Bibio hortulanus (Linnaeus, 1758) = Bibio siculus Loew, 1846: 344 syn. rev.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5A179F03E867AD2CA3F9FF6DFF3FFAF1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Haenni, Jean-Paul	Haenni, Jean-Paul (2009): The Bibionidae (Diptera) of Sardinia, with description of two new species *. Zootaxa 2318: 427-439
5A179F03E867AD2DA3F9FA08FC34FE47.text	5A179F03E867AD2DA3F9FA08FC34FE47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bibio marci (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>2. Bibio marci (Linnaeus, 1758)</p> <p>Tipula marci Linnaeus, 1758: 588</p> <p>Bibio hortulanus L. var. marci (L.): Duda 1930: 59</p> <p>Bibio marci (L.): Krivosheina 1986: 323</p> <p>Literature records. Sardinia (Skartveit 2004).</p> <p>Records. S2: 1.III–4.IV.2006, 4 ♂♂ (CNBFVR).</p> <p>Other records. France, Corsica, Corse-du-Sud, Spelunca, 11.IV.1935, 1 ♂, J. Simonet leg. (MHNG). Italy, Aosta Valley: St. Vincent, Salirod, 1080m, 14.V.2006, 1 ♂, J.-P. Haenni leg. (MHNN). Italy, Abruzzi: Chieti prov., Abetina di Rosello, F.te Volpona, 980m, 18.V.2005, 1 ♀, D. Birtele, M. Bardiani &amp; D. Whitmore leg. (CNBFVR). Calabria: Reggio Calabria prov., near Giffone, Piano Limina, 800m, 11.V.2004, 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, D. Birtele, P. Cerretti, G. Nardi &amp; D. Whitmore leg. (CNBFVR).</p> <p>Chorotype. W-Palaearctic.</p> <p>Italian distribution. Mainland Italy, Sicily (Dahl et al. 1995). Lombardy (Vanin 2002), Trentino-Alto Adige (Marcuzzi 1956; Hellrigl 1996; Vanin 2006), Venetia (Sommaggio et al. 2004), Tuscany (Vanin 2003), Latium (cf. Krivosheina 1997), Aosta Valley, Abruzzi, Calabria, Sardinia (Skartveit 2004; present paper).</p> <p>Ecology. One of the commonest species of the genus, widespread in various biotopes in the whole of Europe, flight period in spring.</p> <p>Notes. Recorded from Sardinia by Skartveit (2004), but with no known locality. Confusion may however have occurred with the closely related B. sardocyrneus sp. nov. (see below). The above record from Domusnovas (SW Sardinia) is thus the first verified proof of the occurrence of B. marci in Sardinia, where both species are apparently sympatric. This is also the case in Corsica.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5A179F03E867AD2DA3F9FA08FC34FE47	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Haenni, Jean-Paul	Haenni, Jean-Paul (2009): The Bibionidae (Diptera) of Sardinia, with description of two new species *. Zootaxa 2318: 427-439
5A179F03E866AD2BA3F9FE7DFA94F814.text	5A179F03E866AD2BA3F9FE7DFA94F814.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bibio sardocyrneus Haenni 2009	<div><p>3. Bibio sardocyrneus sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 1–3, 5–8)</p> <p>Type locality. Italy, Sardinia (Medio Campidano prov.), Villacidro, Rio Cannisoni, 375 m, UTM 32 S 0468713 4362692.</p> <p>Type material. Holotype ♂, labelled: “I – Sardegna (Medio Campidano) / Villacidro, Rio Cannisoni, 375 m / UTM 32 S 0468713 4362692 / 24.III.2006 retino [= net] / D. Whitmore, M. Bardiani, D. Birtele, P. Cornacchia legit / Progetto Sardegna – CNBF [print]”, “ Centro Nazionale per lo Studio e / Conservazione della /Biodiversità / forestale –Verona / Corpo Forestale dello Stato / Progetto Sardegna ” [print], “ Bibio sardocyrneus sp. nov. ♂ / HOLOTYPE / J.-P. Haenni 2007” [handwritten, red label], in good condition, dry pinned (CNBFVR).</p> <p>Paratypes: same data as holotype, 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, D. Birtele (CNBFVR); Villacidro (Medio Campidano prov.), Montimannu, vivaio forestale [= forest nursery], 24.III.2006, r [retino = net], 1 ♀, D. Birtele legit (MHNN); Villacidro (Medio Campidano prov.), 296 m: 20.III.2006, r [retino = net], 1 ♂, D. Birtele leg. (CNBFVR).</p> <p>Other material. France, Corsica: Corse-du-Sud, Ajaccio [without date, but 19 th century], 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Huguenin leg. (ETHZ); Filitosa, 67 m, 10.IV.1999, 2 ♂♂, J.-P. Haenni leg. (MHNN).</p> <p>Diagnosis. This new species is very close to B. marci, but presents in both genders distinct morphological features which allow a safe identification. In males the posterior femur is more clavate, with narrow basal part longer, reaching slightly beyond middle of femur (Fig. 3); hind tarsus inflated (Figs 3, 6), decreasing in thickness from 1 st to 5 th tarsomere, instead of simple, not inflated, parallel-sided, as in B. marci (see Figs. 4, 9). In the female, the wing membrane is lighter, more greyish-white than brownish, hind veins not contrasting, hyaline or nearly so (Fig. 2).</p> <p>Description. Male. Body 8–10 mm long. Black, with long and dense black pilosity in general appearance (Fig. 1), with tibiae and tarsi lighter, brownish. Head. Black, with long black wavy pilosity, especially on occiput, eyes with long stiff pilosity. Ocellar tubercle prominent. Antennae black, flagellum 7-segmented. Palpi black, practically as long as antennae. Thorax. Mesonotum black, finely shagreened, weakly shining, postpronotal streak obscurely rufous (more so in Corsican specimens). Black pilosity, long and nearly wavy on dorsum and pleurae. Wing (Fig. 1). Length, 6.5– 8 mm, dirty whitish, with costal and most of radial cell brownish, pterostigma slightly darker brown, anterior veins brown-black, posterior veins translucent. Basal part of Rs more than twice as long as R-M cross-vein. Halteres black, with black stem. Coxae and femora black, with long, somewhat wavy, black pilosity, less so on hind femur. Anterior and mid tibiae castaneousbrown, hind tibia darker, brownish black. Tibiae and tarsi with shorter dark pilosity. Tarsi castaneous-brown, becoming darker towards tip, the individual tarsomeres more or less darkened at apex. Hind femur (Fig. 3) brownish black, clavate, widening at or shortly after middle. Fore tibia with strong posterior projection (Fig. 5). Posterior tibia (Fig. 3) widening towards apex, first hind tarsomere (Figs 3, 6) inflated, shorter and broader than in B. marci, second tarsomere narrower and shorter than first, but distinctly inflated, third also somewhat inflated. Abdomen black, with long, somewhat wavy black pilosity. Hypopygium (Figs 7–8). Epandrium basally fused with base of gonocoxites, with U-shaped posterior emargination hardly reaching its half length (Fig. 7), gonostyles strongly curved (Fig. 7), cercus flattened, apically broadly rounded and pilose, aedeagal complex elongate, narrowly shovel-shaped, posterior emargination of sternite 9 complex, shallow (Fig. 8).</p> <p>Female. 10–12 mm. Black with black pilosity in general appearance. Head. Frons granulate and hairy between the eyes. Palpi black, practically as long as antennae. Thorax black with black pilosity, notum feably shining, finely shagreened as in male. Wing (Fig. 2). 8–9 mm. Costal cell and most of radial cell brown, pterostigma darker brown, strongly contrasting, rest of wing membrane greyish-white tinged, lighter than in B. marci, with posterior veins not contrasting. Legs black and black pilose. Abdomen black with black pilosity.</p> <p>Etymology. The name sardocyrneus refers to the geographical distribution of the new species. It is a composed latinized adjective, contraction of sardous (from Sardinia) and cyrneus (from Cyrnos, Corsica in Greek).</p> <p>Chorotype. A probable Sardo-Corsican endemic.</p> <p>Ecology. The few known specimens have been caught in wooded habitats in Sardinia and in agricultural semi-wooded habitats in Corsica. In Sardinia most specimens were collected near Rio Cannisoni, a small river that runs almost dry during the summer months; surrounding vegetation consists mainly of open holm oak woodlands, interspersed with bushes of Cistus spp. and Erica spp.</p> <p>Notes. Sardinian and Corsican specimens of the new species have been compared with specimens of B. marci and both taxa have been found to differ consistently. The shape and length of the first hind tarsomere of B. marci, which is not at all inflated and somewhat elongated (Figs 4, 9) is a remarkably constant character in this species: I have seen hundreds of specimens from Europe (Germany, France, Switzerland, Austria, Czech republic, Italy, Portugal, Greece, including Crete), North Africa (Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco) and Central Asia (Uzbekistan) and none present an inflated first hind tarsomere resembling that of B. sardocyrneus sp. nov.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5A179F03E866AD2BA3F9FE7DFA94F814	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Haenni, Jean-Paul	Haenni, Jean-Paul (2009): The Bibionidae (Diptera) of Sardinia, with description of two new species *. Zootaxa 2318: 427-439
5A179F03E863AD28A3F9FF19FD4EFBD6.text	5A179F03E863AD28A3F9FF19FD4EFBD6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dilophus antipedalis Wiedemann 1818	<div><p>4. Dilophus antipedalis Wiedemann in Meigen, 1818</p> <p>Dilophus antipedalis Wiedemann in Meigen, 1818: 239</p> <p>Dilophus femoratus Meig. var. andulasiacus Strobl 1900: 92, 369</p> <p>Dilophus antipedalis Wiedemann in Meigen: Duda 1930: 26 (partim)</p> <p>Dilophus femoratus Meig. var. andulasiacus Strobl: Duda 1930: 31</p> <p>Dilophus andulasiacus Strobl: Pecina 1971: 107</p> <p>Dilophus antipedalis Wiedemann in Meigen: Haenni 1982: 340</p> <p>Dilophus andulasiacus Strobl: Krivosheina 1986: 327</p> <p>Dilophus antipedalis Meigen: Krivosheina 1986: 327</p> <p>Literature records. Oristano prov., Oristano, Krausse leg., 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (Haenni 1982).</p> <p>Records. S1: near Colonia Beneck, 636 m, 18.IV–2.V.2006,? 3 ♀ f. S2: 18.IV–2.V.2006, 2 ♂♂. S3: 18.IV–2.V.2006, 1 ♂. SAR1: 16.II–15.VI.2004,? 3 ♀ (see below); 29.IV–20.V.2005, 1 ♂ (all CNBFVR).</p> <p>Chorotype. A typical W-Mediterranean element present in North Africa and Southern Europe.</p> <p>Italian distribution. Sardinia. Not yet recorded from mainland Italy nor from Sicily.</p> <p>Ecology. A vernal species, flight period earlier than that of D. sardous sp. nov., with a wide ecological amplitude in Southern Europe.</p> <p>Notes. The female specimens from SAR1 and S1 do not present the usual wing pattern of D. antipedalis. The costal cell is hardly or not yellowish-tinged, thus not contrasting with the rest of the membrane, and the hind veins are only weakly darker than membrane. Accordingly, they are only tentatively attributed to D. antipedalis, even if the shared similarities with this species (e.g., shape of head, arrangement of spines on anterior tibia, first antennal flagellomere contrasting yellow, abdomen markedly bicolorous, with tergites much darker than sternites etc.) are numerous.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5A179F03E863AD28A3F9FF19FD4EFBD6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Haenni, Jean-Paul	Haenni, Jean-Paul (2009): The Bibionidae (Diptera) of Sardinia, with description of two new species *. Zootaxa 2318: 427-439
5A179F03E863AD28A3F9FBEAFD20F8DF.text	5A179F03E863AD28A3F9FBEAFD20F8DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dilophus bispinosus Lundstrom 1913	<div><p>5. Dilophus bispinosus Lundström, 1913</p> <p>Dilophus bispinosus Lundström, 1913: 392</p> <p>Dilophus bispinosus Ldstr.: Duda 1930: 27</p> <p>Dilophus bispinosus Ldstr.: Krivosheina 1986: 327</p> <p>Records. S2: 3–17.X.2006, 1 ♂, 1 ♀. S3: 3–17.X.2006, 1♂, 1 ♀. SAR1: 21.IX–21.X.2003, 2 ♂♂; 6.X–5.XI.2004, pitfall trap, 3 ♀; S1: 19.IX–3.X.2006, 1 ♀; 3–17.X.2006, 2 ♀ (all CNBFVR).</p> <p>Other records. France, Corsica: Corse-du-Sud, Tavera, 400 m, 14–24.IX.1981, C. Dufour, I. Henriksen &amp; P. Oosterbroek leg., 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Haute-Corse, Corte, St. Pierre-de-Venaco, 730 m, 14–24.IX.1981, C. Dufour, I. Henriksen &amp; P. Oosterbroek leg., 2 ♂♂ (all MHNN).</p> <p>Chorotype. Euro-Mediterranean element, extending as far north as Great Britain, Switzerland and the Czech Republic, but more frequent in the Mediterranean region.</p> <p>Italian distribution. Southern Italy (Dahl et al. 1995). Lombardy (Vanin 2003), Venetia (Sommaggio et al. 2004), Tuscany (Vanin 2003), Campania (Séguy 1940), Sardinia (present paper).</p> <p>Ecology. Common in wooded areas. D. bispinosus is bivoltine in Southern Europe with flight periods in early spring and autumn.</p> <p>Notes. First records for Sardinia and Corsica.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5A179F03E863AD28A3F9FBEAFD20F8DF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Haenni, Jean-Paul	Haenni, Jean-Paul (2009): The Bibionidae (Diptera) of Sardinia, with description of two new species *. Zootaxa 2318: 427-439
5A179F03E863AD29A3F9F8D2FD08FCCC.text	5A179F03E863AD29A3F9F8D2FD08FCCC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dilophus febrilis (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>6. Dilophus febrilis (Linnaeus, 1758)</p> <p>Tipula febrilis Linnaeus, 1758: 588</p> <p>Dilophus vulgaris Meigen, 1818: 306</p> <p>Dilophus febrilis (L.): Duda 1930: 29</p> <p>Dilophus febrilis (L.): Haenni 1982: 342</p> <p>Dilophus febrilis (L.): Krivosheina 1986: 328</p> <p>Literature records. “Diffuso per molte parti dell’isola [= occurs in many parts of the island]”, 1881 (Costa 1882); Cagliari prov., Cagliari area, second half of April 1882 (Costa 1883).</p> <p>Other records. Italy, Umbria: Perugia prov., Gubbio, Loc. Colonnata, 500m, 19.IV.2003, 1 ♂, D. Whitmore leg. (CNBFVR). Latium: Latina prov., Sabaudia, Pantani dell’Inferno, lato nord [= northern side], 14.IV.2004, 1 ♀, G. Nardi leg. (CNBFVR).</p> <p>Chorotype. Sibero-European.</p> <p>Italian distribution. Northern Italy, Sicily, Sardinia (Dahl et al. 1995). Lombardy (Vanin 2002), Trentino-Alto Adige (Marcuzzi 1956; Hellrigl 1996), Venetia (Sommaggio et al. 2004), Tuscany (Vanin 2003), “nel sud Italia [in southern Italy]” (Rivosecchi &amp; Di Luca 2001), Umbria, Latium (present paper).</p> <p>Ecology. A widespread and very common species, abundant in all kinds of habitats in Europe, from lower to high elevations. Bivoltine in Central and Southern Europe.</p> <p>Notes. Not present in the recent CNBFVR material, but the species is easily recognizable at least in females and its presence in Sardinia is not in doubt.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5A179F03E863AD29A3F9F8D2FD08FCCC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Haenni, Jean-Paul	Haenni, Jean-Paul (2009): The Bibionidae (Diptera) of Sardinia, with description of two new species *. Zootaxa 2318: 427-439
5A179F03E862AD29A3F9FCE4FCEFF9A8.text	5A179F03E862AD29A3F9FCE4FCEFF9A8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dilophus femoratus Meigen 1804	<div><p>[Dilophus femoratus Meigen, 1804]</p> <p>Dilophus femoratus Meigen, 1804: 116</p> <p>Dilophus albipennis Meigen, 1830: 315</p> <p>Dilophus femoratus Meig.: Duda 1930: 30</p> <p>Dilophus femoratus Meig.: Haenni 1982: 344</p> <p>Dilophus femoratus Meig.: Krivosheina 1986: 328</p> <p>Literature records. Cagliari prov., near Cagliari, April 1882 (Costa 1883). Oristano prov., San Lussurgio [= Santulussurgio], May 1882 (Costa 1883). Sardinia (Dahl et al. 1995; Skartveit 2004) [probably based on Costa (1883)].</p> <p>Chorotype. Palaearctic.</p> <p>Ecology. A widespread and common species in various habitats, more frequent in mountainous areas. Bivoltine in parts of its range.</p> <p>Italian distribution. Northern and Southern Italy, Sardinia (Dahl et al.1995). Lombardy (Vanin 2002), Trentino-Alto Adige (Vanin 2006), Emilia-Romagna, Tuscany (Vanin 2003).</p> <p>Notes. In the absence of material, the discovery of Dilophus sardous sp. nov. brings some doubt about the occurrence of the closely related D. femoratus in Sardinia (which however remains possible). The specific identity of the species of this group may only be confirmed by the study of male genitalic characters or by detailed molecular studies. Accordingly, D. femoratus is provisorily deleted from the list of Sardinian species, pending the examination of possible relevant material.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5A179F03E862AD29A3F9FCE4FCEFF9A8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Haenni, Jean-Paul	Haenni, Jean-Paul (2009): The Bibionidae (Diptera) of Sardinia, with description of two new species *. Zootaxa 2318: 427-439
5A179F03E862AD26A3F9F941FBC6FE47.text	5A179F03E862AD26A3F9F941FBC6FE47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dilophus humeralis Zetterstedt 1850	<div><p>7. Dilophus humeralis Zetterstedt, 1850</p> <p>Dilophus humeralis Zetterstedt, 1850: 3393</p> <p>Dilophus humeralis Zett.: Duda 1930: 32 (p.p.)</p> <p>Dilophus humeralis Zett.: Haenni 1982: 345</p> <p>Dilophus humeralis Zett.: Krivosheina 1986: 328</p> <p>Records. Medio Campidano prov., Villacidro, Montimannu, vivaio forestale [= forest nursery], hand net, 24.III.2006, 1 ♂, D. Birtele leg. (CNBFVR).</p> <p>Chorotype. European; the presence of this species in North Africa remains doubtful (Haenni 1981). This species has a wide European distribution.</p> <p>Italian distribution. Northern Italy, Sicily (Dahl et al. 1995). Sardinia (present paper).</p> <p>Ecology. Generally at low altitudes, but it occurs also at higher altitudes in the southern parts of its range, where it is bivoltine.</p> <p>Notes. Dilophus humeralis is recorded here for the first time from Sardinia.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5A179F03E862AD26A3F9F941FBC6FE47	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Haenni, Jean-Paul	Haenni, Jean-Paul (2009): The Bibionidae (Diptera) of Sardinia, with description of two new species *. Zootaxa 2318: 427-439
5A179F03E86DAD24A3F9FE7DFD7BF945.text	5A179F03E86DAD24A3F9FE7DFD7BF945.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dilophus sardous Haenni 2009	<div><p>8. Dilophus sardous sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 10–16)</p> <p>Type locality. Italy, Sardinia (Cagliari province [= Carbonia-Iglesias prov. since 2005]): Iglesias, Monti Marganai, Tintillonis, 480 m, UTM 32 S 463010 4355249.</p> <p>Type material. Holotype ♂ labelled: “I – Sardegna (CA [= Carbonia-Iglesias prov.]) / Iglesias M.ti Marganai / località Tintillonis 480m / 11-12.VI.2004 (Malaise) / UTM 32 S 463010 4355249 / D. Birtele, P. Cerretti, G. Nardi, M. Tisato, D. Whitmore leg./ Progetto Sardegna – CNBF” [print], “ Centro Nazionale per lo Sudio / e Conservazione della /Biodiversità forestale – CNBF / Verona – Bosco della Fontana / Corpo Forestale dello Stato / Progetto Sardegna ” [print], “ Dilophus sardous sp. nov. ♂ / HOLOTYPE / J.- P. Haenni 2007” [partly handwritten, red label].</p> <p>Paratypes: same data as holotype, 367 ♂♂, 89 ♀; Carbonia-Iglesias province, Iglesias, Marganai, near Case Marganai, 660 m, UTM 32S 0463341 4556196, hand net, leg. D. Birtele, P. Cerretti, G. Nardi, M. Tisato &amp; D. Whitmore 5.VI.2004, 1 ♀; 6.VI.2004, 2 ♂♂.</p> <p>Remarks: Holotype in good condition, dry pinned, paratypes partly dry pinned, partly preserved in alcohol, in coll. CNBFVR except 20 males and 10 females in coll. MHNN, Neuchâtel.</p> <p>Other material examined. C07: 20–24.V.2006, 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀. C23: 19–24.V.2006, 1 ♂. C70: 7.VI.2004, car net [= entomological hand net held outside the window of a moving car], 2 ♂♂; 8.VI.2004, car net, 3 ♂♂. C82: 7.VI.2004, hand net, 11 ♂♂, 3 ♀; 9–12.VI.2004, several hundreds of males and females of both sexes; 12.VI.2004, 29 ♂♂, 6 ♀. S3: 7.VI.2004, hand net, D. Birtele, P. Cerretti, G. Nardi, M. Tisato, D. Whitmore leg., 1 ♂. SAR1: 15–30.VI.2004, 20 ♂♂, 1 ♀; 20.V–16.VI.2005, Malaise trap and window flight trap, 13 ♂♂, 12 ♀; S2: 16–30.V.2006, 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀; 30.V–13.VI.2006, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (all CNBFVR).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Among the west Palaearctic species of the Dilophus febrilis -group (those species with only 2 sets of spines on anterior tibiae), D. sardous may be distinguished by the following combination of characters: in both sexes, the median row of spines of anterior tibiae consists of three spines only (Figs 12–13), while most other species have four spines, the anterior one often more or less separated from the others; it is unique for males, the deep parallel-sided posterior incision of sternite 9 (Fig. 16), combined with the shape of the gonostyle (which is only weakly angled; Fig. 15), and the milky white wing membrane with hardly contrasting, whitish pterostigma and translucent, not contrasting posterior veins (Fig. 10); D. femoratus Meigen (generally distributed in Europe) males have milky white wings and a similar posterior incision on sternite 9, but strongly angled, axe-shaped gonostyles; D. maderae Wollaston (from Madera) has a similar posterior incision of sternite 9 and quite similar gonostyles, but light brownish wings with strongly contrasting brown pterostigma and brown veins (see Haenni &amp; Báez 2001); in females the brownish tinged wing with contrasting hind veins and the entirely fuscous abdomen with last sternite contrasting yellow is present otherwise only in D. neglectus Haenni, 1982 (from mountain ranges in Central Europe), which has four spines in the middle row on fore tibiae (3 spines in D. sardous sp. nov.) and both species differ in many male characters (shape of sternite 9 and gonostyles, etc) (see Haenni 1982).</p> <p>Description. Male. Body 4.1–5.2 mm long. Shiny black in general colour, with light golden pilosity (Fig. 10). Head black, rostrum hardly extending beyond base of antennae, eyes short pubescent, antennae short, with 9-segmented flagellum. Thorax strongly shining, polished black on notum and on most of pleurae; posterior margin of pronotum bearing a row of 12 spines, anterior margin of mesonotum with a row of 16 (rarely 18) smaller spines. Wing (Fig. 10) 3.3–3.9 mm long, hyaline, appearing slightly milky white according to the angle of view; pterostigma whitish, more or less suffused of brownish along veins, not contrasting with membrane; anterior veins brownish, posterior veins hyaline, not contrasting with membrane. Halteres brownish black with yellowish-brown stem. Legs black, except apex of anterior coxa and most of outer surface and a broad longitudinal band on inner surface of anterior femur, contrasting brown. Femora shiny black. Anterior tibia (Fig. 12) bearing two rows of well developed spines, a transverse set of three spines in an oblique row and an apical set of nine spines. Hind tibia and first hind tarsomere not modified, both weakly widening towards apex, the latter elongate and reaching nearly 2/5 of length of tibia. Abdomen black, shining, but less so than thorax. Hypopygium with posterior margin of sternite 9 (Fig. 16) bearing a deep posterior median, more or less parallel-sided emargination reaching a third of length of sternite, tergite 9 straight or slightly concave on posterior margin (Fig. 15), gonostyles (Fig. 15) nearly straight, apically blunt pointed.</p> <p>Female. Body 4.2–5.8 mm long, variegated black and yellow in general colour, with sparse and rather short golden yellow pilosity. Head (Fig. 13) shiny black, antennae short, flagellum 9-segmented, the flagellomeres closely set but easy to count; whitish yellow pilosity more developed posteriorly, part of head anterior to the eyes less than half the height of eyes. Thorax. Notum shiny black, with postpronotal lobes rufous yellow, scutellum laterally and posteriorly more obscurely tinged with rufous; pleurae variegated, black and obscurely rufous. Prothoracic comb of 12 black spines, notal comb irregular, consisting of 12–14 smaller spines. Wing (Fig. 11) 3.5–4.8 mm long; membrane slightly but distinctly tinged with brownish, pterostigma well marked, brown, strongly contrasting, anterior veins light brown, posterior veins light brownish, contrasting with membrane. Halteres brown with yellowish stem. Legs. Coxae and femora rufous yellow, trochanters darker, tibiae and tarsi black. Anterior tibia (Fig. 13) with two rows of strong spines, a submedian transverse set of three spines in an oblique row and an apical set of nine spines. Abdomen entirely dark brown, with light pilosity, except for contrasting yellow sternite 9. In quite numerous specimens the anterior sternites are somewhat lighter coloured than posterior ones, frequently with a median longitudinal lighter band.</p> <p>Etymology. The name sardous is an adjective referring to the geographic origin of the new species.</p> <p>Chorotype. A probable Sardinian endemic element according to present knowledge, but its presence might be expected in Corsica.</p> <p>Ecology. The new taxon appears to be abundant and widespread in the Monti Marganai and Montimannu areas at altitudes ranging from 480 to 700 m. Like several Dilophus Meigen species, D. sardous sp. nov. presents mass occurrences since several hundreds of specimens were caught by a Malaise trap during a short period in mid June.</p> <p>Notes. Morphological variation appears reduced, although 2 males (from Tintillonis) with 4 spines in the median row of anterior tibiae were found.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5A179F03E86DAD24A3F9FE7DFD7BF945	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Haenni, Jean-Paul	Haenni, Jean-Paul (2009): The Bibionidae (Diptera) of Sardinia, with description of two new species *. Zootaxa 2318: 427-439
