taxonID	type	description	language	source
5B0687DD26444D0DE392E5BCFC293EB0.taxon	description	Description: The general characters of the genus below are mainly following Chan and Yang (1994) and Che et al. (2007), except the female genitalia. Body hemispherical. Head including eyes narrower than pronotum. Vertex wider than long, disc depressed, without carina. Frons with disc slightly elevated, without median carina. Clypeus not angulate, always on same plane as frons. Rostrum long, reaching mesotrochanter or metatrochanter. Pronotum short and broad with two pits. Mesonotum triangular, disc slightly elevated. Tegmen elliptical, strongly convex and without claval suture, apical margin usually acutely rounded. Wing well-developed, reticulate, more than half length of tegmen. Legs relative long, lateral margin of hind tibia with two teeth. Spinal formula of hind leg (6 – 9) – (8 – 16) – 2. Male genitalia: Anal tube subtriangular, mushroom-shaped or cup-shaped. Suspensorium present. Pygofer in lateral view with hind margin roundly or spinously produced caudad medially. Aedeagus variable. Phallobase with dorsal lobe usually reflexed at apex. Genital styles in lateral view widening to apex. Capitulum of style in dorsal view with apex convex, apical margin with or without process, lateral margin with large lateral tooth. Female genitalia: Sternum VII with middle of posterior margin clearly convex or concave. Anal tube nearly ovate in dorsal view, base wider than apex. Anal column short. Gonoplac slightly elevated in the median area, bor- der between first and second gonoplac lobes obsolete, third gonoplac lobes faintly sclerotized and pigmented, fork indistinct or distinct in dorsal view. Proximal part of posterior connective lamina of gonapophyses IX convex in lateral view, median field with notch in apical part. Gonocoxa VIII nearly rectangular, dorsal margin slightly protruding in proximal part. Endogonocoxal process narrowed to apex. Anterior connective lamina of gonapophysis VIII with three teeth in apical group and with two to four carinate teeth in lateral group.	en	Meng, Rui, Wang, Yinglun (2012): Two new species of the genus Gergithus Stål (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Issidae) from China, with a redescription of G. bimaculatus Zhang and Che, and G. tessellatus Matsumura. Zootaxa 3247: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.211928
5B0687DD26444D0DE392E5BCFC293EB0.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The genus Gergithus differs from the closely related Hemisphaerius Schaum by longer frons and legs, clypeus on the same plane of frons, and tegmina ovate (Stål 1870). Melichar (1906) proposed that the genus differs from Hemisphaerius by the well-developed wings. Following the generic diagnosis from Chan and Yang (1994) and Che et al. (2007), this genus is distinguished within the Hemisphaeriini by frons without median carina; frons, pronotum and mesonotum without tubercles; and the wing longer than half the tegmen. On the basis of the original description of “ front darker along each side is adorned with a row of little yellow tubercles ” and “ fore-wings widened on the border at the base near which they are slightly concave ” from Walker (1851), the placement of G. contusus Walker in Gergithus is doubtful; the species probably belongs in the genus Mongaliana Distant. Additionally, according to the description of “ clypeus angulate ” for G. signatifrons Melichar and G. lincolatus Melichar, and “ frons with median carina ” for G. cribratus Melichar from Melichar (1906), these three species should not belong to Gergithus. However, this conclusion can not be substantiated here as we have not examined any specimens. For this reason, 56 species of Gergithus, including the two new species described here, are listed in the following key. The key is partly modified from Melichar (1906), Distant (1906), Matsumura (1916), Hori (1969), Chan and Yang (1994), and Che et al. (2007). Much of the key is based on the pattern and colouration of the frons and clypeus, which do not appear to vary between individuals within a species.	en	Meng, Rui, Wang, Yinglun (2012): Two new species of the genus Gergithus Stål (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Issidae) from China, with a redescription of G. bimaculatus Zhang and Che, and G. tessellatus Matsumura. Zootaxa 3247: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.211928
5B0687DD26414D08E392E16AFB1B3BF9.taxon	description	Description: Male length (N = 2) (including tegmina): 5.9 – 6.3 mm, length of tegmen: 5.4 – 5.8 mm; female length (N = 6) (including tegmina): 6.0 – 6.9 mm, length of tegmen: 5.6 – 6.5 mm. Colouration: Body black. Vertex yellow (Fig. 1, 3). Eyes gray. Frons fuscous with yellow fascia near apex, and black fascia on frontoclypeal suture (Fig. 4). Clypeus fuscous with two yellow small spots on side of base. Rostrum pitchy, apical segment black. Antenna black. Pronotum black, median area fuscous. Mesonotum black with two large yellow lateral spots (Fig. 3). Tegmen dark brown with 9 yellow spots arranged 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2 from base to apex of tegmen (Figs. 2, 5). Wing cinereous, veins fuscous (Fig. 6). Legs and abdomen pale brown, apex of fore femora and mid femora dark brown, fore tibiae and mid tibiae black, apices of teeth of hind legs black. Head and thorax: Vertex broad, nearly rectangular, three times wider than long in middle line, disc distinctly impressed (Figs. 1, 3). Frons convex, almost as long as wide, the widest part about 1.8 times wider than basal part (Fig. 4). Frontoclypeal suture approximately straight. Clypeus relatively broad and flat. Rostrum attaining post-trochanters. Anterior margin of pronotum slightly produced between eyes, with small pit near midline on each side. Mesonotum triangular, 1.7 times wider at widest part than medial length, each yellow spot with pit (Fig. 3). Tegmen oval and reticulate with numerous punctures, 1.6 times longer than wide (Figs. 2, 5). Wing 0.9 times tegmen length (Fig. 6). Spinal formula of hind leg 7 – 8 (9) – 2. Male genitalia: Anal tube large, base narrower than apex in dorsal view, apical margin with 2 obtuse angleshaped prominences on both sides (Fig. 7). Anal column short (about 0.3 times as long as anal tube). Suspensorium wide, S-shaped in lateral view (Fig. 17). Pygofer with strongly convex hind margin (Fig. 18). Connective slender (Fig. 17). Aedeagus U-shaped in lateral view, each side of base with hook-shaped process strongly curved and apex directed ventrally (Figs. 16, 17). Phallobase with dorso-lateral and ventral lobes. Each dorso-lateral lobe of phallobase with bifurcate apical spinous process with long upper branch directed dorsally and shorter lower branch directed apically. Ventral phallobase lobe apical margin slightly arched, shorter than dorsolateral phallobase lobes. Genital style with strongly concave hind margin, caudo-ventral angle widely rounded (Fig. 18). Capitulum of style flat in dorsal view, apex convex, with large lateral tooth apex directed ventrally (Fig. 8). Female genitalia: Sternum VII with middle of posterior margin clearly convex (Fig. 39). Anal tube nearly ovate in dorsal view, base wider than apex (Fig. 10). Anal column short (about 0.3 times as long as anal tube). Gonoplac slightly prominent in median area, border between first and second gonoplac lobes obsolete, third gonoplac lobes faintly sclerotized and pigmented, fork indistinct in dorsal view (Figs. 9, 15). Proximal part of posterior connective lamina of gonapophyses IX convex in lateral view, distal parts of posterior connective laminae with prominent horn in dorsal view, median field with shallow notch in apical part, lateral fields projecting to form semicircular appendages in dorsal view (Figs. 11, 12). Gonocoxa VIII nearly rectangular, dorsal margin slightly protruding in proximal part. Endogonocoxal process sharply narrowed to apex. Anterior connective lamina of gonapophysis VIII with rod-like appendage at ventral margin of base, and apical group of anterior connective lamina with three teeth, lateral group with three keeled teeth (Figs. 13, 14). Female reproductive organs: Bursa copulatrix with moderately short and thick ductus at basal half and round pouch at apical half, ductus generally membranous and wrinkled, wall of pouch with weakly visible cells and very small centrally sculptured ornamentation. Junction of vagina and bursa copulatrix with large sclerotized plate. Posterior vagina short and anterior vagina relatively long, apical part of anterior vagina expanded. Oviductus communis opening into antero-ventral wall of anterior vagina, with very thin and short ductus. Spermatheca opened into apical wall of anterior vagina and well-developed, ductus receptaculi robust with compact helix-shaped feature at proximal half and comparatively slender with sparse helix-shaped feature at distal half, diverticulum receptaculi apparently dilated or subglobular, spermathecal pump slim and wall with spiral loop (Fig. 41).	en	Meng, Rui, Wang, Yinglun (2012): Two new species of the genus Gergithus Stål (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Issidae) from China, with a redescription of G. bimaculatus Zhang and Che, and G. tessellatus Matsumura. Zootaxa 3247: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.211928
5B0687DD26414D08E392E16AFB1B3BF9.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Holotype: male, Bawangling Mountain, Changjiang County, Hainan Province, China, 750 m, 5 – 7 June 2008, coll. Yibing Ba, Juntong Lang. Paratypes: 2 females, same data as holotype; 1 male, 2 females, same locality, 8 – 11 November 2006, coll. Jiliang Wang, Chao Gao; 2 females, Bawangling Mountain, Hainan Province, China, 433 m, 30 July 2010, coll. Chaozhong Jiang.	en	Meng, Rui, Wang, Yinglun (2012): Two new species of the genus Gergithus Stål (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Issidae) from China, with a redescription of G. bimaculatus Zhang and Che, and G. tessellatus Matsumura. Zootaxa 3247: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.211928
5B0687DD26414D08E392E16AFB1B3BF9.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This new species resembles G. multipunctatus Che, Zhang and Wang, 2007; but differs from the latter by the colouration of the tegmen and frons, the latter with ten yellow spots arranged 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1 from base to apex of tegmen and frons with one yellow spot near apical margin. The structure of the aedeagus of the two species is very different.	en	Meng, Rui, Wang, Yinglun (2012): Two new species of the genus Gergithus Stål (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Issidae) from China, with a redescription of G. bimaculatus Zhang and Che, and G. tessellatus Matsumura. Zootaxa 3247: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.211928
5B0687DD26414D08E392E16AFB1B3BF9.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The specific name “ nonomaculatus ’’ refers to the nine yellow spots on the tegmen.	en	Meng, Rui, Wang, Yinglun (2012): Two new species of the genus Gergithus Stål (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Issidae) from China, with a redescription of G. bimaculatus Zhang and Che, and G. tessellatus Matsumura. Zootaxa 3247: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.211928
5B0687DD26424D05E392E2DAFC07385A.taxon	description	Description: Male length (N = 2) (including tegmen): 5.0 – 5.1 mm, length of tegmen: 4.5 – 4.6 mm; female length (N = 3) (including tegmen): 5.6 – 5.8 mm, length of tegmen: 5.0 – 5.2 mm. Colouration: General colour pale yellow (one male specimen pale greenish yellow). Vertex pale yellow. Eyes dark brown. Frons dark brown with yellowish green fascia near clypeus (Fig. 22). Frontoclypeal suture black. Clypeus fusco-piceous. Rostrum yellow brown. Antenna brown. Pronotum pale yellow and suffused with black near posterior margin medially. Mesonotum pallid greenish yellow with or without a blackish stripe medially. Tegmen translucent, pale yellow at base, with four marks: two wide oblique black stripes at basal third and apical third, one short, narrow, oblique stripe at middle of post marginal portion, one black spot at apical third of tegmen (Figs. 21, 23). Wing light brown, veins hazel with dark microtrichia (Fig. 24). Legs yellow brown, apices of teeth of hind legs black. Head and thorax: Vertex wide, anterior margin straight, posterior margin slightly concave, 3.3 times wider than long in midline, disc distinctly depressed (Figs. 19, 20). Frons broad with numerous punctures, 1.4 times wider at widest part than at base, lateral margin distinctly elevated (Fig. 22). Frontoclypeal suture approximately straight. Clypeus relatively small, slightly depressed at basal third, disc prominent. Rostrum attaining post-trochanters. Pronotum anterior margin produced between eyes, posterior margin straight medially, disc slightly concave with minute punctures. Mesonotum triangular and wrinkled, 2.1 times wider at widest part than long (Fig. 20). Tegmen 1.6 times longer than widest part (Figs. 21, 23). Wing with veins lightly reticulate, veins with minute setae, 0.7 times length of tegmen, 2.3 times longer than widest part (Fig. 24). Spinal formula of hind leg 3 7 – 14 – 2, Ƥ 9 – 16 – 2. Male genitalia: Anal tube nearly triangle in dorsal view and narrow at base, widest at apical part, apical margin convex at middle, with one angulate prominence on each side, and middle part concave (Fig. 25). Anal column narrow and short (about 0.1 times as long as anal tube). Suspensorium narrow, with faintly pigmented median field. Pygofer with dorsolateral angles not developed, posterior margin obtusely projecting medially, anterior margin shallowly concave in upper half (Fig. 38). Connective slightly thick (Figs. 26, 36). Aedeagus shallowly U-shaped in lateral view, with asymmetrical process on each side of base, left process uncinate and dumpy, apex acuminate and directed caudad, right process elongate and comparatively straight, apex directed cephalad (Figs. 26, 36, 37). Phallobase with dorso-lateral and ventral lobes. Each dorso-lateral lobe of phallobase with apical spinous process. Ventral phallobase lobe acuminate at apex, longer than dorsolateral phallobase lobes, and strongly sclerotized. Genital style small, with concave posterior margin, caudo-ventral angle rounded (Fig. 38). Capitulum of style, in dorsal view, with two obtuse apical processes, and large lateral tooth with apex divided into two spinules directed ventrally, a tuberculiform process under lateral teeth (Fig. 30). Female genitalia: Sternum VII with posterior margin clearly concave in middle (Figs. 35, 40). Anal tube nearly ovate in dorsal view, base wider than apex (Fig. 27), apical margin incised (Fig. 40). Anal column wide (about 0.3 times as long as anal tube). Gonoplac slightly prominent medially, border between first and second gonoplac lobes obsolete, third gonoplac lobes membranous and fork strongly sclerotized (Figs. 32, 34). Proximal part of posterior connective lamina of gonapophyses IX convex in lateral view, median field with bivalvate apical part, lateral fields not projecting (Figs. 29, 31). Gonocoxa VIII nearly rectangular, ventral margin slightly concave. Endogonocoxal process gradually narrowed to apex. Anterior connective lamina of gonapophysis VIII bearing three teeth in apical group and two teeth with carinae in lateral group (Figs. 28, 33). Female reproductive organs: Bursa copulatrix well developed with shrinking ductus at basal half and large pouch at apical half. Posterior vagina thick, with small horseshoe-like sclerotized plate near base of bursa copulatrix ductus. Anterior vagina long and relatively thin. Oviductus communis thin and short. Spermatheca well-developed, ductus receptaculi relatively long, with elongate pouch proximally and elongated thin ductus preapically, diverticulum receptaculi distinctly dilated or bulbous with wider apical part than basal part, spermathecal pump comparatively short and acuminate with compact helix-shaped loop (Fig. 42).	en	Meng, Rui, Wang, Yinglun (2012): Two new species of the genus Gergithus Stål (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Issidae) from China, with a redescription of G. bimaculatus Zhang and Che, and G. tessellatus Matsumura. Zootaxa 3247: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.211928
5B0687DD26424D05E392E2DAFC07385A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Holotype: male, Wangxiangtai, Yuanjiang County, Yunnan Province, China, 18 July 2006, coll. Xueqin Shi. Paratypes: 1 female, same data as holotype; 1 male, 2 females, Daxing Country, Mili Town, Yuanjiang County, Yunnan Province, China, 22 July 2006, coll. Zhonghua Fan.	en	Meng, Rui, Wang, Yinglun (2012): Two new species of the genus Gergithus Stål (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Issidae) from China, with a redescription of G. bimaculatus Zhang and Che, and G. tessellatus Matsumura. Zootaxa 3247: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.211928
5B0687DD26424D05E392E2DAFC07385A.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This new species resembles G. bistriatus (Schumacher), 1915 from which it can be distinguished by the three black oblique stripes on tegmen and one black spot at apical third of tegmen, whereas in G. bistriatus, the tegmen has two transverse brown bands medially and on apical third, always interrupted, and with a brown spot at apex. The two species also differ in male genitalia.	en	Meng, Rui, Wang, Yinglun (2012): Two new species of the genus Gergithus Stål (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Issidae) from China, with a redescription of G. bimaculatus Zhang and Che, and G. tessellatus Matsumura. Zootaxa 3247: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.211928
5B0687DD26424D05E392E2DAFC07385A.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The specific epithet refers to the three stripes on the tegmen.	en	Meng, Rui, Wang, Yinglun (2012): Two new species of the genus Gergithus Stål (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Issidae) from China, with a redescription of G. bimaculatus Zhang and Che, and G. tessellatus Matsumura. Zootaxa 3247: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.211928
5B0687DD264F4D00E392E1BAFD2E3C58.taxon	description	Female genitalia: Sternum VII with posterior margin slightly convex medially (Fig. 63). Anal tube nearly ovate in dorsal view, base wider than apex, widest at middle (Fig. 57). Anal column short (about 0.2 times as long as anal tube). Border of gonoplac between first and second gonoplac lobes obsolete, third gonoplac lobes membranous and fork strongly sclerotized (Figs. 58, 60). Proximal part of posterior connective lamina of gonopophysis IX slightly convex in lateral view, median field separate at apical third, lateral fields not projecting (Figs. 59, 61). Gonocoxa VIII nearly rectangular. Endogonocoxal process gradually narrowing apically. Anterior connective lamina of gonapophysis VIII bearing three teeth in apical group and two teeth with carinae in the lateral group (Fig. 62). Female reproductive organs: Bursa copulatrix well-developed with slightly thin basal half and sac-like apical half. Posterior vagina thick and weakly sclerotized, with small sclerotized plate at base. Anterior vagina relatively thin. Oviductus communis comparatively thick and short. Spermatheca well-developed, ductus receptaculi elongate, diverticulum receptaculi distinctly dilatate, apical part distinctly wider than basal part, spermathecal pump comparatively long with compact helix-shaped loop (Fig. 64).	en	Meng, Rui, Wang, Yinglun (2012): Two new species of the genus Gergithus Stål (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Issidae) from China, with a redescription of G. bimaculatus Zhang and Che, and G. tessellatus Matsumura. Zootaxa 3247: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.211928
5B0687DD264F4D00E392E1BAFD2E3C58.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: 1 male (holotype, SWU), Zhadian Town, Gejiu, Yunnan Province, 20 July 2007, coll. Li Yin; 1 male, Wangxiangtai, Yuanjiang County, Yunnan Province, China, 2010 m, 22 July 2006, coll. Xu Zhang; 1 female, same location as anterior, 2020 m, 23 July 2006, coll. Xu Zhang.	en	Meng, Rui, Wang, Yinglun (2012): Two new species of the genus Gergithus Stål (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Issidae) from China, with a redescription of G. bimaculatus Zhang and Che, and G. tessellatus Matsumura. Zootaxa 3247: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.211928
5B0687DD264F4D00E392E1BAFD2E3C58.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The external morphology of the specimens we examined differ from the holotype (Zhang, Y. and Che, Y. - L., 2009, Figs. 16 – 26) which is brown with pale yellow spots and without a stripe along the apical margin of tegmen, but the male genitalia match those of the holotype exactly and the variation in colour is therefore not regarded as having significance at the species level.	en	Meng, Rui, Wang, Yinglun (2012): Two new species of the genus Gergithus Stål (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Issidae) from China, with a redescription of G. bimaculatus Zhang and Che, and G. tessellatus Matsumura. Zootaxa 3247: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.211928
5B0687DD26554D1FE392E7A2FA683CA1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: 1 male, Wuyigong, Fujian Province, China, 26 June 1982, coll. Shicheng Qi; 1 female, Daanyuan, Fujian Province, China, 20 June 1981, coll. Shicheng Qi; 1 female, Baishanzu, Qingyuan County, Zhejiang Province, China, 1050 m, 24 July 1963, coll. Yintao Jin; 3 females, Xingcun, Chongan County, Fujian Province, China, 230 - 250 m, 2 June 1959, coll. Yintao Jin and Yangming Lin; 1 female, Daanyuan, Fujian Province, 7 July 1959, coll. Yintao Jin and Yangming Lin.	en	Meng, Rui, Wang, Yinglun (2012): Two new species of the genus Gergithus Stål (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Issidae) from China, with a redescription of G. bimaculatus Zhang and Che, and G. tessellatus Matsumura. Zootaxa 3247: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.211928
5B0687DD26554D1FE392E7A2FA683CA1.taxon	discussion	Remarks: In general, the tegmen of G. tessellatus is black with 10 green marks (faded to a yellow colour in dried specimens), arranged 1, 3, 4, 2 from base to apex by original description, but in our examination, the body colour and marks on the tegmen of some specimens have great variation: the tegmen may be black with some yellow spots joined with each other (Figs. 65, 66), or the black tegmen may only have scattered yellow spots (Figs. 68, 69), or the body may be dark brown with irregular stripes on the tegmen (Figs. 71, 72). All of specimens examined have the same male genital characters except the features described above. We treat them as the same species here.	en	Meng, Rui, Wang, Yinglun (2012): Two new species of the genus Gergithus Stål (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Issidae) from China, with a redescription of G. bimaculatus Zhang and Che, and G. tessellatus Matsumura. Zootaxa 3247: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.211928
