identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
5B5D6028E16FD86DFF72014DFDBAF9A0.text	5B5D6028E16FD86DFF72014DFDBAF9A0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platystomatidae	<div><p>Family Platystomatidae</p><p>Diagnosis. Body length 2.4–8.5 mm in the Israeli fauna (2.5–20.0 mm in the world fauna, according to Whittington, 2010), ranging from slender to robust. Body color gray to black, often with metallic luster. Wings usually with pigmented pattern, either dark reticulated with hyaline spots or predominantly hyaline with dark bands.</p><p>Head higher than long, with either frons and face bulging anteriorly or gena swollen and extending posteriorly. Ocelli present. Antenna: pedicel with elongate dorsal seam; first flagellomere elongate, sometimes with apical point; arista varies from bare to short or long pubescent. Proboscis stout, palpus flattened. Chaetotaxy: 1–2 orbitals, medial and lateral verticals, and genal setae present. Postocellar setae weak or absent; vibrissae absent to rudimentary. Thorax longer than wide; setae (pairs): 1 postpronotal, 2 notopleural, 1 anepisternal, 1 postsutural supra-alar, 1 postalar, 1 intra-alar, 1 acrostichal, 1 dorsocentral, 3 scutellar (in most platystomatids). Wing venation: humeral break present; R1 and R4+5 dorsally setulose for almost entire length; cell bcu closed by straight vein Cu2 that is perpendicular to Cu (bcu without posterodistal lobe). Abdomen subcylindrical to narrow-ovate. Male sternite 6 reduced or absent; 2 surstyli present (medial well developed). Female tergite 6 reduced or absent; aculeus with apical sensory setae laterally.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5B5D6028E16FD86DFF72014DFDBAF9A0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bodner, L.;Freidberg, A.	Bodner, L., Freidberg, A. (2016): Taxonomy and immature stages of the Platystomatidae (Diptera: Tephritoidea) of Israel. Zootaxa 4171 (2): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4171.2.1
5B5D6028E16FD86DFF7203B2FA31F8AD.text	5B5D6028E16FD86DFF7203B2FA31F8AD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platystomatidae	<div><p>Key to the genera of Platystomatidae in Israel</p><p>1. Ventral calypter forming distinct lobe. Abdomen broad at base, narrowed towards apex. 1st flagellomere 1.3–2.7 times as long as high. Wing pattern usually reticulate, sometimes reticulate-banded............................ Platystoma Meigen</p><p>- Ventral calypter narrow, not forming distinct lobe. Abdomen spindle-shape, narrowed towards base as well as towards apex. 1st flagellomere about 4 times as long as high. Wing pattern banded......................... Rivellia Robineau-Desvoidy</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5B5D6028E16FD86DFF7203B2FA31F8AD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bodner, L.;Freidberg, A.	Bodner, L., Freidberg, A. (2016): Taxonomy and immature stages of the Platystomatidae (Diptera: Tephritoidea) of Israel. Zootaxa 4171 (2): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4171.2.1
5B5D6028E160D863FF7205E1FB8CFA8C.text	5B5D6028E160D863FF7205E1FB8CFA8C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platystoma Meigen 1803	<div><p>Platystoma Meigen, 1803</p><p>Platystoma Meigen, 1803: 277 . Type species: Musca seminationis Fabricius, 1775: 786 .</p><p>Synonyms: Heyquillia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 708. Type species: Heyquillia lugubris Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 709 . Megaglossa Rondani, 1869: 32 (unjustified new name for Platystoma Meigen, 1803).</p><p>Selected references: Loew, 1845: 34; Hendel, 1913: 55; Hennig, 1945: 1 (palaearctic Platystomatidae); Soós, 1984: 40 (palaearctic catalog); Ferrar, 1987: 478 (breeding habits and immature stages); Korneyev, 2001: 1 (key to genera of palaearctic Platystomatidae); Mesci &amp; Hasbenli, 2015: 804 (fauna of Turkey).</p><p>Redescription. Head (Figs. 8–17, 19–28): Structure: Head higher than long. Frons slightly concave lateral and anterior to ocellar triangle. First flagellomere apically rounded. Color and vestiture: Head yellowish-brown to blackish-brown, sometimes mottled, with yellowish-brown or reddish areas. Conspicuous silvery-white microtrichia present on orbits, occiput and between posterior margin of eye and postgena, sometimes also on parafacial and postgena (not visible in certain angles). Frons mostly sparsely microtrichose, with dense microtrichia on orbits and around bases of orbital and vertical setae, and with median line of microtrichia extending from ocellar triangle to lunule. Ocellar triangle dark brown to black, usually microtrichose as well as delimitated by line of dense microtrichia (rarely bare). Lunule yellow to blackish-brown, inconspicuously microtrichose. Antenna yellowish to blackish-brown with fine microtrichia. Face mostly shiny blackish, sometimes with yellowish to brownish areas, and partially covered with dense microtrichia. Clypeus either entirely gray microtrichose, or predominantly shiny black with marginal spots or bands of microtrichia (rarely shiny black without microtrichia). Palpus brown to blackish, sometimes with yellowish or yellowish-brown base, microtrichose mostly apically and marginally. Proboscis shiny brown, or reddish-brown to dark brown, inconspicuously microtrichose. Chaetotaxy: Frons densely setulose, bare around ocellar triangle. 1–2 pairs of orbital setae and 0–1 pair of postocellar setae present. Lunule setulose or bare. Antenna: scape anteriorly and pedicel dorsally with short dark setulae; pedicel ventrally with moderately long, yellowish-white to orange setulae. Usually 3 genal setae present (sometimes 4–5, rarely less than 3), anterior seta thickest. Postgena with thin, long, mostly yellowish-white but sometimes dark brown setulae, distinctly longer and curly anteroventrally. Occiput either similarly setulose or bare. Palpus with long yellowish to pale brown setulae proximally, and darker, sometimes thicker setulae distally. Proboscis posteriorly and labellum with long, yellowish to brown setulae. Ratios: Head: 1.26–1.62; frons anterior: 1.14–2.00; frons posterior: 1.06–1.83; ocellar triangle/frons: 0.19–0.79; eye: 1.75–2.38; 1st flagellomere: 1.33–2.67; gena/eye: 0.13–0.41; parafacial/gena: 0.13–0.39; posterior orbital/anterior orbital: 1.29–3.27; medial vertical/ lateral vertical: 0.69–1.48; posterior orbital/medial vertical: 0.21–1.06; ocellar/medial vertical: 0.22–0.78; ocellar /ocellar triangle: 0.47–2.15; postocellar/medial vertical: 0.17–0.48.</p><p>Thorax: Color and vestiture: Ground color usually black, sometimes dark brown or reddish-brown, covered with microtrichia. Scutum with irregular reticulate microtrichose pattern, usually forming 3 or 5 longitudinal stripes, of which median stripe most discrete. Scutum almost entirely with small black spots around bases of setae and setulae, including on microtrichose stripes. Ground color of postpronotal lobe usually black with dense white microtrichia. Posterior corner of postpronotal lobe and median articulation of anepisternum and katepisternum shiny yellow to dark brown, without microtrichia. Scutellum irregularly microtrichose. Subscutellum usually dark brown to black, sometimes metallic, irregularly microtrichose or shiny. Mediotergite usually shiny black, laterally microtrichose. Ground color of pleura usually black and irregularly microtrichose: anepisternum and katepisternum mostly with reticulate pattern of microtrichia; ventral part of katepisternum and other pleura either with inconspicuous reticulate pattern of microtrichia or entirely microtrichose. Chaetotaxy: Postpronotal lobe with 0–1 seta, usually with yellowish and black setulae. Scutal setae (pairs): 1–2 scapular, 0–1 presutural supra-alar, 0–1 postsutural supra-alar, 1 postalar, 1 intra-alar, 1 dorsocentral and 1 acrostichal. Scutum uniformly short setulose; setulae usually about 0.12 times as long as major setae. Scutellum with 2–5 (pairs) of setae (usually 3, sometimes 4, rarely 2 or 5). Pleura: 2 notopleural setae present. Anepisternum with 1 seta, either uniformly short setulose, or irregularly long setulose. Anepimeron with 1 seta posterodorsally, and with subequally long, yellowish-white to orange-brown (sometimes also blackish) setulae. Katepisternum with 1–2 (rarely more) brown to blackish setae ventrally, and with long, curly, yellowish-white to orange, or brown to blackish setulae. Ratios: Scutum: 0.77–1.19; presutural supra-alar/intra-alar: 0.19–0.58; postsutural supra-alar/intra-alar: 0.33–0.84; postalar/intra-alar: 0.46– 1.44.</p><p>Legs: Color and vestiture: 2 leg types: (1) dark - ground color dark brown to black, with yellowish areas; (2) pale - ground color yellow to reddish, with pale brown areas. Tarsi usually with yellowish areas as follows: fore and mid metatarsus proximally, hind metatarsus entirely (or almost entirely), and 2nd tarsomere of hind tarsus ventrally. Legs generally inconspicuously and irregularly microtrichose. Chaetotaxy: Legs irregularly setulose; tibiae mostly short setulose; mid tibia ventrodistally with row of black spines. All tarsomeres ventrally with short black spines.</p><p>Wing (Figs. 30–39): Pattern: Generally reticulate; predominantly pale brown to blackish with irregularly scattered hyaline spots. Venation: Crossvein DM-Cu mostly curved basally, sometimes slightly sinuous, and usually with more or less distinct stump vein. Tegula microtrichose. Chaetotaxy: R1 dorsally with dense row of evenly-spaced short black setulae, ventrally bare. R4+5 dorsally with row of short sparse blackish setulae. Tegula usually with short blackish setulae and 2–4 black setae. Calypteres primarily white to yellowish with yellowish to pale brown margins and white to pale brown fringes. Halter microtrichose, with yellowish to pale brown base and stem, and with yellowish to blackish knob. Ratios: Wing: 2.38–3.03.</p><p>Abdomen: Structure: Male and female with 5 preabdominal tergites (T6 absent in female). Color and vestiture: Ground color black or blackish. Microtrichia usually present, more or less uniformly scattered over tergites, lacking around bases of setulae and often lacking also from larger subshiny black areas, sometimes absent completely; this character sometimes sexually dimorphic. Male terminalia: Epandrium (Figs. 41–50, 52–61) in lateral view ventrally concave and saddle-shaped, longer than high or about as long as high, usually with distinct posterior prolongation. Subepandrial sclerite bent ventrally in middle (except in P. dimidiatum). Lateral surstylus weakly sclerotized, usually distinctly articulated to epandrium, rarely fused. Medial surstylus hidden behind lateral surstylus. 2 heavily sclerotized claw-like prensisetae present, divergently projected from each medial surstylus mesally. Phallus (Figs. 63–72) with both bulbous preglans and glans, and with 2 equally or subequally long terminal filaments. Female terminalia: Ovipositor (Fig. 74) practically identical in all local congeners. Cercal unit (Fig. 75) rounded apically, narrowed basally, with well pronounced lateral groove; 6 pairs of setulae present; subapical ventral setulae adjoined. 2–3 spermathecae present (Figs. 77–86), 2 connected by common duct; spermatheca strongly sclerotized, usually short ovoid, smooth, tuberculate or with spine-like protuberances on external surface; internal structure usually cylindrical. Ratios: Male: T3/T4: 0.44–1.29; T4/T5: 0.06–0.80; T3+4/ T5: 0.10–1.60; epandrium: 0.45–0.97; preglans: 1.00–2.13; glans: 1.45–2.43; preglans/glans: 0.31–0.57; acrophallus/preglans+glans: 1.0 0–15.80; distiphallus/preglans+glans: 4.50–13.93. Female: T3/T4: 0.60–1.36; T4/ T5: 0.84–1.47; T3+4/T5: 1.58–2.85; aculeus: 4.17–9.63; cercal unit: 2.00–3.50; cercal unit/aculeus: 0.16–0.36.</p><p>Measurements (mm). Body length: 2.4–8.5 (based on Israeli specimens only; 3–11 according to Mesci &amp; Hasbenli, 2015). Wing length: 3.2–7.1.</p><p>Distribution. Palaearctic.</p><p>Phenology. In Israel, adults of Platystoma species are active during spring. Maximum activity occurs between March and June, with the highest number of active species in April (8 out of 10).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5B5D6028E160D863FF7205E1FB8CFA8C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bodner, L.;Freidberg, A.	Bodner, L., Freidberg, A. (2016): Taxonomy and immature stages of the Platystomatidae (Diptera: Tephritoidea) of Israel. Zootaxa 4171 (2): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4171.2.1
5B5D6028E161D860FF7200C6FA36FDDD.text	5B5D6028E161D860FF7200C6FA36FDDD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platystoma	<div><p>Key to Platystoma species of Israel</p><p>1. Legs pale (yellow or reddish). Wing pattern pale (Figs. 32, 38).................................................. 2</p><p>- Legs dark (dark brown to black). Wing pattern dark (Figs. 30, 31, 33–37, 39)...................................... 3</p><p>2. Legs yellow. Abdomen densely and uniformly microtrichose. ♂: T5 shorter than T3 and T4 combined. Terminal filaments no more than 4 times as long as glans. ♀: T3 slightly longer than T4.................................. P. torridum n. sp.</p><p>- Legs reddish. Abdomen sparsely microtrichose. ♂: T5 longer than T3 and 4 combined. Terminal filaments more than 10 times as long as glans. ♀: T3 slightly shorter than T4............................................. P. dimidiatum Hendel</p><p>3. Gena height about 0.33 of eye height (sometimes more)....................................................... 4</p><p>- Gena height less than 0.33 of eye height.................................................................... 5</p><p>4. Ventral half of face shiny black. Ocellar triangle more than 0.33 times as long as frons (between anterior ocellus and lunule, medially), clearly setulose (Fig. 17).................................................... P. trigonum n. sp. (part)</p><p>- Ventral half of face microtrichose medially. Ocellar triangle shorter, without setulae (Fig. 12).............. P. geula n. sp.</p><p>5. Ventral half of face completely shiny black, without microtrichia................................................ 6</p><p>- Ventral half of face microtrichose at least medially........................................................... 7</p><p>6. Clypeus shiny black (Fig. 14). Abdomen entirely black, without microtrichia...................... P. nitidiventre Hendel</p><p>- Clypeus at least marginally microtrichose (Fig. 17). Abdomen densely microtrichose............. P. trigonum n. sp. (part)</p><p>7. Postocellar seta present.................................................................................8</p><p>- Postocellar seta absent................................................................................. 10</p><p>8. Wing with a distinct hyaline transverse band over crossvein DM-Cu (Fig. 30). Scutum and scutellum mostly black or just weakly microtrichose. Scutum with thin, grayish, inconspicuous longitudinal lines of microtrichia. Abdomen black, without microtrichia............................................................................ P. arcuatum Loew</p><p>- No such band on wing (although hyaline dots are present in this area). Scutum with wide, conspicuous lines of microtrichia. Abdomen microtrichose at least partially on T5..............................................................9</p><p>9. ♂: T5 shorter than T3 and T4 combined. ♀: T3 slightly longer than T4; T4 slightly longer than T5. Two spermathecae present..................................................................................... P. pubescens Loew</p><p>- ♂: T5 three times as long as T3 and T4 combined. ♀: T4 longer than T3 and longer than T5. Three spermathecae present............................................................................................. P. dalia n. sp.</p><p>10. Ventral half of face only medially microtrichose. Clypeus microtrichose only marginally (Fig. 11). ♂: T5 more than 4 times as long as T3 and T4 combined............................................................. P. elizabethae n. sp.</p><p>- Ventral half of face densely and almost completely microtrichose. Clypeus densely microtrichose (Fig. 13). ♂: T5 shorter than T3 and T4 combined................................................................... P. malatiense Hennig</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5B5D6028E161D860FF7200C6FA36FDDD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bodner, L.;Freidberg, A.	Bodner, L., Freidberg, A. (2016): Taxonomy and immature stages of the Platystomatidae (Diptera: Tephritoidea) of Israel. Zootaxa 4171 (2): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4171.2.1
5B5D6028E162D866FF72072BFC8AFDCB.text	5B5D6028E162D866FF72072BFC8AFDCB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platystoma arcuatum Loew 1856	<div><p>Platystoma arcuatum Loew, 1856</p><p>(Figs. 8, 19, 30, 41, 52, 63, 77)</p><p>Platystoma arcuatum Loew, 1856: 50 .</p><p>Selected references: Hendel, 1913: 97 (monograph of Platystoma); Hennig, 1945: 27 (palaearctic Platystomatidae).</p><p>Diagnosis. This species differs from all other congeners by the combination of small size (usually 2.5–3.50 mm), the presence of a nearly complete hyaline transverse band composed of hyaline spots over crossvein DM-Cu, and the T5 of the male, which is 3–4 times as long as either T4 or T3.</p><p>Redescription. Head (Figs. 8, 19): Color and vestiture: Head mostly brown to black, with pale brown areas. Frons mostly translucent microtrichose, with dense silvery-white microtrichia at orbits and around bases of orbital and vertical setae. Ocellar triangle delimited by thin grayish line of microtrichia. Lunule brown to black, with grayish median line of microtrichia. Antenna brown to blackish, densely microtrichose (less pronounced in certain angles); pedicel sometimes yellowish anterodorsally. Face dark brown to black; dorsal 0.5 grayish microtrichose; ventral 0.5 shiny, except thin median line of grayish microtrichia. Clypeus shiny black with either microtrichose spots on corners, or narrow microtrichose band ventrally. Palpus dark brown to black, with pale brown base. Chaetotaxy: 2 (pairs) orbital setae and 1 (pair) postocellar seta present. Lunule setulose. Gena with 1–3 setae, and with long dark brown setulae. Postgena with long pale brown setulae. Occiput with short pale brown setulae. Ratios: Head: 1.46–1.56; frons anterior: 1.17–1.44; frons posterior: 1.20–1.39; ocellar triangle/frons: 0.27–0.36; eye: 1.90–2.38; 1st flagellomere: 1.67–2.50; gena/eye 0.24–0.29; parafacial/gena: 0.20–0.28; posterior orbital/ anterior orbital: 1.35–2.67; medial vertical/ lateral vertical: 1.00–1.31; posterior orbital/medial vertical: 0.41–0.76; ocellar/medial vertical: 0.32–0.64; ocellar/ocellar triangle: 1.08–1.92; postocellar/medial vertical: 0.30–0.48.</p><p>Thorax: Color and vestiture: Ground color mostly black, inconspicuously grayish microtrichose. Scutum with 3 or 5 weak microtrichose stripes. Postpronotal lobe ground color dark brown to black. Scutellum usually matte black, sometimes inconspicuously microtrichose marginally. Subscutellum dark brown, without microtrichia. Anepisternum with sparsely reticulate pattern of microtrichia. Katepisternum mostly shiny dark brown to black, with inconspicuously microtrichose margins. Chaetotaxy: Postpronotal lobe with 1 seta and moderately long brown setulae. Presutural supra-alar seta and postsutural supra-alar seta present. Anepisternum mostly short dark brown setulose, with paler, slightly longer setulae posteriorly. Katepisternum mostly moderately long dark brown setulose, with longer setulae ventrally. Ratios: Scutum: 0.85–0.94; presutural supra-alar/intra-alar: 0.31–0.52; postsutural supra-alar/intra-alar: 0.44–0.73; postalar/intra-alar: 1.00–1.33.</p><p>Legs: Color and vestiture: Leg type dark. Tarsi with following yellowish areas: fore metatarsus proximally, mid and hind metatarsi ventrally, and 2nd tarsomere of hind tarsus ventrally. Coxae inconspicuously microtrichose. Trochanters, femora and tibiae shiny, without microtrichia. Chaetotaxy: Coxae and trochanters black setulose. Femora dark brown setulose, with short setulae dorsally and long setulae ventrally. Fore and hind tibiae with 0–2 spines. All tarsi with dark brown setulae dorsally and yellowish to pale brown setulae ventrally.</p><p>Wing (Fig. 30): Pattern: Generally dark brown, with small hyaline spots scattered more or less uniformly on proximal 0.5–0.6 of wing, posterior to vein R2+3, and with small to large hyaline spots scattered somewhat irregularly on distal 0.5 of wing; more or less conspicuous, fragmented, sometimes complete, transverse band present, consisting of large hyaline spots extending from costa to hind margin of wing, aligned with crossvein DM- Cu; hyaline spots otherwise scattered mostly on apex and around periphery of wing. Combined area of hyaline spots less than combined area of pigmented pattern. Pattern with discrete transverse dark bands extending from costa to hind margin of wing: 1 band extending from pterostigma, over crossvein R-M, near crossvein DM-Cu, ending in posterodistal margin of cell cu1; 2 somewhat oblique bands beyond level of crossvein DM-Cu: Proximal band wider than medial band, starts at apex of cell r1; 1 spot or narrow band over wing apex. Costal cell mostly dark brown, with thin subhyaline spots. Venation: Veins and sclerites dark brown. Vein M ends slightly anterior to wing tip. Crossvein DM-Cu without stump vein. Calypteres pale brown with dark brown margins and yellowish-white fringes; dorsal calypter slightly narrower and shorter than ventral calypter, with conspicuously longer fringes. Halter base brown, stem beige to pale brown, knob dark brown. Chaetotaxy: Base of costa near costagial break, with long ventral seta. Ratios: Wing: 2.41–2.67.</p><p>Abdomen: Structure: Male T4 about as long as T3 and less than 0.33 times as long as T5. Female T4 slightly shorter than T3 and about as long as T5. Color and vestiture: Abdomen almost completely shiny black, with slight microtrichia (sometimes more in female). Male terminalia (Figs. 41, 52, 63): Epandrium laterally broad; ventral concavity with posterior depression; subepandrial sclerite anteriorly broadened and extended beyond anterior margin of epandrium; lateral surstylus in ventral view finger-like, posteriorly rounded and curved mesally, with pointed apex; medial surstylus ambiguous. Terminal filaments equally long and slightly longer than distiphallus. Female terminalia (Fig. 77): 3 spermathecae present; spermatheca short ovoid, with large protuberances. Ratios: Male: T3/T4: 0.71–1.27; T4/T5: 0.26–0.28; T3+4/T5: 0.48–0.57; epandrium: 0.49–0.55; preglans: 1.17–1.50; glans: 1.64–1.89; preglans/glans: 0.39–0.55; acrophallus/preglans+glans: 8.24–10.17; distiphallus/preglans+glans: 6.47–7.29. Female: T3/T4: 0.89–1.00; T4/T5: 0.93–1.12; T3+4/T5: 1.80–2.12; aculeus: 4.17–5.50; cercal unit: 2.50–3.33; cercal unit/aculeus: 0.20–0.23.</p><p>Measurements (mm). Body length: 2.40–5.30; wing length: 2.70–3.40.</p><p>Material examined. ISRAEL: Nahal ' Iyyon, haTanur (' HaTanur', or ' Tanur'): 17.iii.1973, D. Furth (1Ƌ, 1♀), 21.iii.1974, D. Furth (1Ƌ), 13.iv. [19]83, AF (1♀), 430m , 33°16.1'N 35°34.5'E, 15.iii.2011, L. Bodner (19Ƌ, 12♀), AF (5Ƌ, 5♀); Newe Ativ, 26.iv.1964, D. Furth (1♀) ; Senir [ Hazbani], 24.iv.1982, F. Kaplan (1Ƌ); Mezudat Nimrod: [Cala’at Nemrod], 24.iv.1982, AF (1Ƌ) , 33°15.2’N 35°43,2'E, 760m, 17.v.2011, L. Bodner (7Ƌ, 1♀), AF (2Ƌ); Dan, Bet Ussishkin, 33°14’N 35°39'E, 15.iii.2011, AF (7Ƌ, 1♀); Tel Dan, 13.iv. [19]83, AF (3Ƌ, 6♀), I. Yarom (1Ƌ, 3♀) ; Panyas (or ' <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.695&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.248333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.695/lat 33.248333)">Banias'</a>): 33°14.9'N 35°41.7'E, 15.iii.2011, L. Bodner (1♀), M. Morgulis (1♀), 205m , 33°15'N 35°42'E, 28.iv.2011, D. Furth (2Ƌ), 4.v.1977, AF (1♀); 24.iv.1982, AF (11Ƌ, 6♀), I. Yarom (1Ƌ), F. Kaplan (1Ƌ, 1♀), 12.iv. [19]83, AF (1Ƌ). I. Yarom (2Ƌ, 1♀), 16.iv.1992, AF (7Ƌ, 4♀), 8.iii.1984, I. Nussbaum (1♀); Nahal Bezet: [Karkara], 31.iii. [19]68, Pener et al. (5Ƌ, 1♀), 6.iv. [19]67, J. Margalit (3Ƌ, 2♀), 6.iv. [19]67, Pener et al. (3Ƌ), 9.iv. [19]68, Pener et al. (1♀), 12.iv. [19]67, Pener et al. (1Ƌ), [N. Bezet], 21.iv. [19]83, I. Yarom (1Ƌ), Y. Zvik (1♀) ; Hanita, 27.iii.1976, D. Gerling (1Ƌ, 1♀) ; Nahal Keziv, Monfort (' Monfort', or ' Nahal Keziv'): 14.iii.1985, AF (1Ƌ), 10.iv.1993, AF (1Ƌ, 2♀) , 33°02.635'N 35°13.271'E, 4.iii.2010, AF (1♀), 33°02.7'N 35°13.6'E, 5.iii.2008, L. Friedman (2Ƌ), AF (1Ƌ, 1♀), 4.iii.2010, L. Friedman (1Ƌ, 1♀), 33°02.6'N 35°13.3'E, 4.iii.2010, I. Katz (1Ƌ); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.22167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.043335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.22167/lat 33.043335)">Avivim</a>, 18.iv.1981, AF (1♀) ; Sasa, 18.iv.1981, AF (21Ƌ, 7♀) ; Meron (' Har / Mt. Meron', or ' Meiron'): [ Jermak], 16.iv. [19]63, J. Margalit (1Ƌ), 20.iv.1972, AF (4Ƌ, 2♀), 3.v.1973, AF (1♀) , 32°59'N 36°24'E, 30.iv.2007, T. Levanony, Malaise trap (2♀), 1100m, 32°59.7'N 36°24.7'E, 14.iv.2011, L. Bodner (1Ƌ); Nahal 'Ammud: 17.iii.1973, D. Furth (2Ƌ, 1♀), 4.iv. [19]83, I. Yarom, (1♀), 31.iii. [19]82, I. Nussbaum (1Ƌ); Zefat, 10.iv.1976, D. Simon (♀); 'Ein el Asad, 18.iv.1984, I. Nussbaum (1Ƌ, 1♀); Golan, Upper Nahal Zavitan, 7.v.1987, A. Shlagman (1Ƌ); Golan, Devora Fall, 23.iv.1973, AF (1♀) ; Golan, Qazrin, 4.v.1999, AF (1Ƌ); Park haYarden: - 210m , 32°54.5’N 35°37.5'E, 14.iv.2011, AF (1Ƌ, 1♀), 2.iv.1998, AF (2♀), 4.iv. [19]83, AF (1♀), 7.v.1997, AF (1Ƌ); Teverya [Tiberias, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.625&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.908333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.625/lat 32.908333)">Jordan Valley</a>, Palestine], 15.v.1949, D. Theodor (1Ƌ, 2♀) ; Nahal Tavor, 25–26.iii.2001, L. Friedman (4Ƌ, 2♀) ; Qiryat Tiv'on, 22.iii.1975, B. Shadmot (1♀), 2.iv.1975, F. Kaplan (7Ƌ, 2♀), 2.iv.1975, M. Kaplan (1♀); Har haKarmel, Horeshat ha'Arba'im, 450m , 32°45.5’N 35°01.6'E, 2.v.2011, AF (1♀); Nahal Oren: 9.iii.2012, AF (7Ƌ, 1♀), 16.iv.2003, AF (1Ƌ), 14.iv.2006, AF (2♀) ; HaZorea', 8.iii.1979, D. Furth (1Ƌ); Gal'ed, 19.iii. [19]83, AF (1Ƌ); Ma'agan Mikha'el , 32°33’N 34°55.6'E, 26.iii.2009, W. Kuslitzky (1Ƌ); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=34.926666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 34.926666/lat 32.55)">Zikhron Ya'aqov</a>: [Z.Y.], 12.iii.1940, Com. Inst. Ent. Coll. No. 12720 (1Ƌ, 1♀), 1.v.1998, AF (5Ƌ, 1♀) ; Zomet Elyaqim, 1.iv.2012, L. Bodner (31Ƌ, 6♀) ; Sebastiya, 24.iii.1973, D. Furth (1Ƌ); Kokhav Ya'ir , 32°19’N 34°59'E, 21.iii.2011, AF (2Ƌ, 1♀), L. Bodner (1Ƌ); Qedumim, 24.iii. 2 0 0 5, L. Friedman (1♀); Yarhiv, 24.iii. [19]83, AF (1Ƌ); Tel Aviv, Abu Kabir, 28.iv.1981, AF (1Ƌ); Bet Dagan , 32°00’N 34°50'E, 18.iv.2008, W. Kuslitzky (2♀); Rantis Junction, near Nahshonim, 13.iv.1999, AF (1♀) ; Shoham, 18.iii.2011, L. Bodner (1Ƌ); Park Canada, 29.iii.1992, AF (1Ƌ); Bet Shemesh, 30.iii.2004, L. Friedman (2Ƌ, 2♀), I. Zonstein (4♀) ; Zomet haEla, 4.iv.1999, AF (1Ƌ).</p><p>Type locality. Beirut.</p><p>Distribution. Turkey, Lebanon, Syria and Israel.</p><p>Distribution in Israel. Galilee, Golan Heights, Jordan Valley, Carmel Ridge, Samaria, Central Coastal Plain, Foothills of Judea and Judean Hills.</p><p>Adult activity in Israel. March to May.</p><p>Comments. This is the smallest species of Platystomatidae found in Israel, and is probably the smallest Platystoma species anywhere. Adults were frequently collected on Scandix pecten-veneris and Smyrnium olusatrum (Apiaceae) and Euphorbia sp. ( Euphorbiaceae).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5B5D6028E162D866FF72072BFC8AFDCB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bodner, L.;Freidberg, A.	Bodner, L., Freidberg, A. (2016): Taxonomy and immature stages of the Platystomatidae (Diptera: Tephritoidea) of Israel. Zootaxa 4171 (2): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4171.2.1
5B5D6028E164D867FF72071BFAD3F8A8.text	5B5D6028E164D867FF72071BFAD3F8A8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platystoma dalia	<div><p>Platystoma dalia n. sp.</p><p>(Figs. 9, 20, 31, 42, 53, 64, 78, 95)</p><p>Diagnosis. This species resembles Platystoma pubescens Loew (1845) described from Central Europe, based on the original description and redescription (Hennig, 1945), but differs from it by the following characters: T5 of the male 5–7 times as long as T4, and 3–6 times as long as T3 and T4 combined, as opposed to 3–5 times and 1.20 times, respectively; T4 of the female conspicuously longer than T3, whereas slightly shorter in P. pubescens; postpronotum ground color reddish-brown rather than black; median stripe of microtrichia in ventral half of face broad, whereas narrow in P. pubescens . In addition, the specimens from Israel were also compared with topotypical specimens of P. pubescens from Hungary, and were found to differ from them by the presence of three spermathecae in the female rather than two. The number and structure of the spermathecae were apparently not studied by Loew (1845) or Hennig (1945).</p><p>Description. Head (Figs. 9, 20): Color and vestiture: Head reddish-brown to dark brown, with orange to pale brown areas. Frons microtrichose at orbits and around bases of orbital and vertical setae. Ocellar triangle rarely delimited by yellowish microtrichose line. Lunule dorsolaterally dark brown to black, otherwise yellowish to orange-brown, with yellowish median line of microtrichia. Antenna mostly brown to dark brown, densely microtrichose (less pronounced in certain angles); pedicel sometimes yellowish anterodorsally. Face: mostly dark brown to black; dorsal 0.5 grayish microtrichose; ventral 0.5 mostly shiny dark brown to black, except yellowishbrown dorsolaterally, dark brown but matte ventrolaterally, and medially microtrichose. Clypeus blackish with microtrichose spots (sometimes forming narrow marginal bands): 1 (pair) dorsomedially, 1 (pair) dorsolaterally, 1 (pair) ventrolaterally, and 1 broad spot ventromedially. Palpus dark brown to black, with yellowish to pale brown base. Chaetotaxy: 2 (pairs) orbital setae and 1 (pair) postocellar seta present. Lunule pale brown setulose. Gena with 2–3 setae, posterior seta distinctly shorter and thinner. Postgena with thick long dark setulae anterodorsally, thin long yellowish setulae ventrally, and thin short, orange to pale brown setulae posteriorly. Occiput sparsely pale brown setulose. Ratios: Head: 1.40–1.53; frons anterior: 1.40–1.65; frons posterior: 1.23–1.46; ocellar triangle/ frons: 0.32–0.39; eye: 2.00–2.30; 1st flagellomere: 1.50–2.40; gena/eye: 0.26–0.35; parafacial/gena: 0.21–0.33; posterior orbital/anterior orbital: 1.91–3.13; medial vertical/lateral vertical: 1.06–1.38; posterior orbital/medial vertical: 0.56–0.78; ocellar/medial vertical: 0.42–0.59; postocellar/medial vertical: 0.24–0.36; ocellar/ocellar triangle: 0.89–1.33.</p><p>Thorax: Color and vestiture: Ground color black with reddish-brown areas, and yellowish-gray microtrichia. Scutum irregularly microtrichose, with one inconspicuous microtrichose stripe medially. Postpronotal lobe ground color reddish-brown. Posterior corner of postpronotal lobe and median articulation of anepisternum and katepisternum, shiny orange to reddish-brown. Scutellum matte black, with yellowish-gray microtrichia spots along margins, and sometimes with narrow median microtrichose stripe. Subscutellum metallic, dark brown to blackish, covered with fine microtrichia. Mediotergite reddish-brown to black. Anepisternum with homogenous reticulate pattern of microtrichia. Katepisternum reddish-brown to black, mostly inconspicuously microtrichose, except densely microtrichose margins. Chaetotaxy: Postpronotal lobe with 1 seta and with dark brown setulae. Presutural supra-alar seta usually present (sometimes setula-like). Postsutural supra-alar seta present. Anepisternum uniformly short brown setulose. Katepisternum mostly short dark brown setulose, with long setulae ventrally. Ratios: Scutum: 0.77–0.90; presutural supra-alar/intra-alar: 0.30–0.53; postsutural supra-alar/intra-alar: 0.37–0.75; postalar/intra-alar: 0.88–1.20.</p><p>Legs: Color and vestiture: Leg type dark. Tarsi with yellowish areas as in genus. Coxae dorsally with fine microtrichia. Femora inconspicuously microtrichose. Chaetotaxy: Coxae anterodorsally and ventrally with mixed white and black setulae. Trochanters ventrally with brown setulae. Femora pale brown to blackish setulose: fore femur with anterodorsally short and posteroventrally long setulae; mid and hind femora mostly short setulose, with long setulae posterodistally and ventrally. Hind metatarsus and 2nd tarsomere with yellowish setulae ventrally.</p><p>Wing (Fig. 31): Pattern: Reticulate, with small to medium-size hyaline spots scattered more or less uniformly posterior to stem vein on proximal 0.5 of wing, and non-uniformly on distal 0.5, mostly arranged in level of crossvein DM-Cu as spotted band and in larger spots around periphery of wing. Combined area of hyaline spots less than combined area of pigmented pattern. Pattern with discrete transverse dark bands extending from costa to hind margin of wing: 2 bands converging posterior to vein R2+3 and extending as one band over crossvein R-M, near to crossvein DM-Cu, ending near middle of posterior margin of cell cu1; 3 somewhat oblique bands beyond level of crossvein DM-Cu: Proximal two forming "H" shape; apical band C-shaped. Costal cell subhyaline to hyaline with 3 partially merged dark spots. Venation: Veins generally pale to dark brown; axillary sclerites, stem vein and base of costa dark brown. Vein M ends slightly posterior to wing tip. Dorsal calypter slightly narrower than ventral calypter, with conspicuously longer fringes. Halter base and stem yellowish, knob dark brown. Chaetotaxy: Base of costa near costagial break with ventral seta, slightly longer and thicker than costal setulae. Tegula with moderately long setae. Ratios: Wing: 2.38–2.61.</p><p>Abdomen: Structure: Male T4 about half as long as T3 and about 0.25 times as long as T5. Female T4 shorter than T3 and longer than T5. Color and vestiture: Abdomen mostly shiny black, with microtrichia scattered mostly over distal 0.5 of T5, and sparsely over T4. Male terminalia (Figs. 42, 53, 64): Epandrium narrow and elongate; ventral concavity deep; subepandrial sclerite anteriorly broadened and extended beyond margin of epandrium, posteriorly with conspicuously long and narrow bridges; lateral surstylus bulbous, curved mesally; medial surstylus narrow, partially visible. Terminal filaments equally long, and conspicuously longer than distiphallus. Female terminalia (Fig. 78): 3 spermathecae present; spermatheca short ovoid, with large protuberances. Ratios: Male: T3/ T4: 0.44–0.71; T4/T5: 0.15–0.24; T3+4/T5: 0.24–0.38; epandrium: 0.49–0.60; preglans: 1.13–1.50; glans: 1.70– 1.92; preglans/glans: 0.39–0.53; acrophallus/preglans+glans: 10.27–15.80; distiphallus/preglans+glans: 5.32–5.82. Female: T3/T4: 0.60–0.78; T4/T5: 1.22–1.47; T3+4/T5: 2.11–2.46; aculeus: 5.00–7.00; cercal unit: 2.44–3.00; cercal unit/aculeus: 0.21–0.24.</p><p>Measurements (mm). Body length: 3.20–4.80; wing length: 3.10–3.60.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype: Ƌ, ISRAEL, Yehudiya Forest Nature Reserve [but labeled: Golan, Qusbiye], 17.iii.1981, A. Freidberg . Paratypes: same collection data as holotype (35Ƌ, 5♀); additional paratypes (all from Israel): Mezudat Nimrod [Qala'at Nemrod], 24.iv.1982, F. Kaplan (1Ƌ); Avivim, 18.iv.1981, AF (2♀) ; Ma'yan Barukh [Mayan Baruch], 17.iii.1973, D. Furth (2Ƌ); Ga'ton, 17.iii.1973, M. Kaplan (6Ƌ, 3♀) ; Zomet Golani [Golani junc.], 23.iii.1974, M. Kaplan (1Ƌ); Yehudiya Forest Nature Reserve [Qusbiye], 14.iii.1975, F. Kaplan (5Ƌ, 5♀), AF (2Ƌ, 3♀) ; [ Golan, Qusbiye], T. Furman (9Ƌ); 15.iv.1982, F. Kaplan (1Ƌ, 1♀), T. Peller (1♀) ; [ Yahudia], 20.iii.1984, I. Nussbaum (4Ƌ, 1♀) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.583332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.583332/lat 32.9)">Almagor</a>, 32°54’N 35°35'E, 1–14.iii.2011, W. Kuslitzky (3♀) ; Kefar Nahum [Kfar Nahum], 17.iii.1981, AF (2Ƌ); Biq'at Bet Zayda [Bteicha], 14.iii.1975, AF (1♀) ; Gamla, 28.iii.1984, I. Nussbaum (1♀) ; Ginnosar [Genosar], 13.ii.1969, J. Kugler (2Ƌ, 1♀) ; Huqoq [Huquq], 17.iii.1981, AF (20Ƌ, 22♀), T. Furman (7Ƌ, 3♀) ; Yavne'el, 31.iii.1973, D. Furth (1Ƌ); Kinneret [Kinerth], 20.ii. [19]54, Student, [DA4476], (1Ƌ).</p><p>The holotype (Fig. 95) is double-mounted (minutien pin and polyporus block), in excellent condition, and deposited at the SMNHTAU. Most paratypes are deposited at the SMNHTAU; some paratypes will be deposited at the museums listed in the Material and Methods section.</p><p>Distribution. Israel.</p><p>Distribution in Israel. Galilee, Golan Heights and northern part of Jordan Valley.</p><p>Adult activity in Israel. February to April.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named after Dalia Bodner, the senior author’s mother. It is a noun in apposition.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5B5D6028E164D867FF72071BFAD3F8A8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bodner, L.;Freidberg, A.	Bodner, L., Freidberg, A. (2016): Taxonomy and immature stages of the Platystomatidae (Diptera: Tephritoidea) of Israel. Zootaxa 4171 (2): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4171.2.1
5B5D6028E166D865FF7205E1FD15FBE4.text	5B5D6028E166D865FF7205E1FD15FBE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platystoma dimidiatum Hendel 1913	<div><p>Platystoma dimidiatum Hendel, 1913</p><p>(Figs. 10, 21, 32, 43, 54, 65, 79)</p><p>Platystoma dimidiatum Hendel, 1913: 99 (monograph of Platystoma).</p><p>Selected references: Hennig, 1945: 29 (palaearctic Platystomatidae); Mesci &amp; Hasbenli, 2015: 805 (fauna of Turkey).</p><p>Diagnosis. Our specimens run smoothly to P. dimidiatum in Hennig's key (1945), except for the following characters: legs generally paler than red-brown (as described in the key), with 2nd and 3rd tarsomeres yellowish to golden-brown, as opposed to dark brown; abdomen slightly microtrichose, as opposed to completely shiny; white dots on prelabrum absent. We nevertheless consider that these differences merely represent intraspecific variation.</p><p>Redescription. Head (Figs. 10, 21): Color and vestiture: Head orange to dark brown with yellowish areas. Median occipital sclerite orange to reddish with fine microtrichia. Frons densely microtrichose laterally, with dark brown dots around bases of setulae. Ocellar triangle bare, delimited by thin yellowish line of microtrichia. Lunule mostly yellow to orange-brown with pale yellow line delimiting scapes and with yellowish-white microtrichia medially. Antenna: scape usually dark brown, sometimes orange to pale brown, densely microtrichose; pedicel yellow to brown, irregularly microtrichose; 1st flagellomere mostly yellow to orange with blackish areas dorsolaterally, densely microtrichose (less pronounced in certain angles). Face: dorsal 0.5 yellowish-brown with dense gray microtrichia; ventral 0.5 without microtrichia, mostly shiny black, with yellowish to orange area medioventrally and matte dark brown areas lateroventrally. Clypeus with 1 (pair) oval dorsomedial microtrichose spot and with narrow microtrichose band along lateral and ventral margins. Palpus brown to black with yellow base. Chaetotaxy: 1 (pair) orbital (posterior) and 1 (pair) postocellar seta present. Lunule either bare or with thin white setulae medially. Gena with 3–5 setae (usually 3, rarely 5), and with dark brown setulae anteriorly. Postgena and occiput with long yellowish-white setulae and short pale brown setulae. Ratios: Head: 1.31–1.44; frons anterior: 1.14–1.54; frons posterior: 1.07–1.38; ocellar triangle/frons: 0.25–0.35; eye: 1.88–2.38; 1st flagellomere: 1.69–2.14; gena/eye: 0.13–0.21; parafacial/gena: 0.13–0.19; medial vertical/lateral vertical: 0.92–1.14; posterior orbital/medial vertical: 0.26–0.38; ocellar/medial vertical: 0.23–0.33; ocellar/ocellar triangle: 0.73–1.00; postocellar/medial vertical: 0.17–0.26.</p><p>Thorax: Color and vestiture: Ground color reddish to dark brown, densely grayish microtrichose. Scutum with 3 microtrichose stripes. Postpronotal lobe ground color dark brown to black. Posterior corner of postpronotal lobe and median articulation of anepisternum and katepisternum, shiny yellowish. Scutellum mostly uniformly microtrichose, with small dark brown spots around setae bases and sometimes with dense median line of microtrichia. Subscutellum mostly shiny dark brown, sometimes with small reddish brown area medially, and with fine grayish microtrichia. Mediotergite reddish-brown, medially shiny and laterally with dense silvery-white microtrichia. Anepisternum, except anteriorly, with homogenous reticulate pattern of microtrichia. Katepisternum mostly shiny reddish to dark brown, with microtrichia on dorsal and posterior margins. Chaetotaxy: Postpronotal lobe with 1 seta and with short dark setulae. Presutural supra-alar seta absent. Postsutural supra-alar seta present. Anepisternum with short dark setulae. Katepisternum mostly short dark setulose, with several long yellowish setulae ventrally. Ratios: Scutum: 0.96–1.10; postsutural supra-alar/intra-alar: 0.46–0.62; postalar/intra-alar: 1.00– 1.25.</p><p>Legs: Color and vestiture: Leg type pale; generally reddish. Fore tarsus brown. Fore coxa microtrichose, mid and hind coxae mostly shiny yellow, sometimes with fine, inconspicuous microtrichia. Chaetotaxy: Fore coxa anterodorsally with short and fine yellowish-white to brown setulae, and with long dark brown setulae distally; mid coxa ventrally with long dark brown setae and setulae; hind coxa ventrally with thin, moderately long yellowishwhite setulae. Trochanters with mixed yellowish-white and dark brown setulae. Femora mostly short dark brown setulose, with long yellowish to pale brown setulae ventrally. Fore and hind tibiae with 1–2 short spines.</p><p>Wing (Fig. 32): Pattern: Generally pale brown and uniformly reticulate, with small hyaline spots, and with discrete transverse dark bands or spots as follows: 2 dark spots extending from pterostigma to vein R4+5; 1 band from distal edge of pterostigma, aligned with crossvein R-M, extending near crossvein DM-Cu, ending in cell cu1 slightly posterior to vein Cu1; 1 band extending from cell r2+3 distal edge, beyond level of crossvein DM-Cu, ending in anteroproximal part of cell m; 1 band or spot over apex of cells r2+3 and r4+5, disturbed by hyaline spot in apex of cell r4+5. Costal cell hyaline with 4–5 dark spots. Venation: Veins and sclerites mostly dark brown, with partially yellowish costa and yellowish humeral vein. Vein M ends anterior to wing tip. Calypters subequal; dorsal calypter with yellowish margins and with mixed long white and short pale brown fringes. Halter base orange, stem yellowish-white, knob basally brown and apically yellowish-white. Chaetotaxy: Base of costa near costagial break with ventral seta. Ratios: Wing: 2.51–2.81.</p><p>Abdomen: Structure: Male T4 about as long as T3 and less than 0.20 times as long as T5. Female T4 shorter, or about as long as T3 or T5. Color and vestiture: Ground color dark brown to black. Microtrichia more or less uniformly reticulate, denser in T1+2 and in lateral margins. Male terminalia (Figs. 43, 54, 65): Epandrium in ventral view rather rectangular-shaped and posterolaterally rounded, in lateral view, posterodorsally truncate; ventral concavity wide and superficial; subepandrial sclerite narrow and linear, without median bend, partially exposed in lateral view; articulation of epandrium and lateral surstylus rather obscure; lateral surstylus short and narrow; medial surstylus ambiguous; prensisetae strongly curved mesally, fully exposed in ventral view, apically exposed in lateral view. Terminal filaments equally long, conspicuously longer than distiphallus. Female terminalia (Fig. 79): 3 spermathecae present; spermatheca ovoid and tuberculate, with robust apical bulge. Ratios: Male: T3/T4: 1.00–1.20; T4/T5: 0.11–0.13; T3+4/T5: 0.22–0.28; epandrium: 0.50–0.61; preglans: 1.50–1.67; glans: 2.33–2.40; preglans/glans: 0.42–0.43; acrophallus/preglans+glans: 18.20–23.25; distiphallus/ preglans+glans: 9.00–10.25. Female: T3/T4: 0.79–0.88; T4/T5: 0.84–1.06; T3+4/T5: 1.58–1.95; aculeus: 9.71; cercal unit: 4.00; cercal unit/aculeus: 0.18.</p><p>Measurements (mm). Body length: 5.30–6.70; wing length: 4.50–4.90.</p><p>Material examined. ISRAEL: Har Hermon (or ' Mt. Hermon'): 1600m: 14–15.vi.2011, E. Morgulis (1Ƌ) ; 15.vi.2011, AF (1Ƌ); 7.vii.1987, F. Kaplan (2Ƌ), Y. Zvik (1Ƌ), AF (1Ƌ); 33°18'N 35°46'E, 17.vii.2012, E. Morgulis (1♀); 33°18.1'N 35°46.2'E, 20.vii.2009, AF (3Ƌ, 4♀), E. Morgulis (1Ƌ); 5.ix.1981, AF (1♀); 1650m: 8.vi.1975, J. Kugler (1Ƌ); 9.vi.1975, AF (1♀); 8.vii.1975, AF (1Ƌ); 9.vii.1987, AF (1♀); 16.viii.1976, AF (1♀); 1700m, 16.vi.1976, Z. Feler (1Ƌ); 1750m, 9.vii.1987, F. Kaplan (1Ƌ); 2000m, 2.vii.1984, F. Kaplan (1Ƌ).</p><p>Type locality. Mt. Ida, Crete.</p><p>Distribution. Greece (Crete), Turkey and Israel.</p><p>Distribution in Israel. Mt. Hermon.</p><p>Adult activity in Israel. June to September.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5B5D6028E166D865FF7205E1FD15FBE4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bodner, L.;Freidberg, A.	Bodner, L., Freidberg, A. (2016): Taxonomy and immature stages of the Platystomatidae (Diptera: Tephritoidea) of Israel. Zootaxa 4171 (2): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4171.2.1
5B5D6028E167D87BFF7201F1FBBDFD79.text	5B5D6028E167D87BFF7201F1FBBDFD79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platystoma elizabethae	<div><p>Platystoma elizabethae n. sp.</p><p>(Figs. 11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 80, 96)</p><p>Diagnosis. This species bears some resemblance to Platystoma malatiense Hennig, except for the following characters: ventral half of face shiny brown, without microtrichia; clypeus microtrichose only marginally; T5 of the male 7–14 times as long as T4 (significantly longer than in all other congeners).</p><p>Description. Head (Figs. 11, 22): Color and vestiture: Head mostly pale to dark brown, with orange-brown areas. Frons sparsely and irregularly microtrichose, with denser microtrichia at orbits and around bases of orbital and vertical setae. Ocellar triangle delimited by thin yellowish line of microtrichia. Lunule orange to dark brown, sometimes dorsomedially microtrichose, with yellowish lines delimiting scapes. Antenna brown to blackish, densely microtrichose (less pronounced in certain angles); pedicel sometimes yellowish or pale brown. Face mostly brown to blackish, with yellowish to orange-brown areas ventrally; dorsal 0.5 mostly grayish microtrichose with small, shiny brown to dark brown area medially; ventral 0.5, dorsally shiny brown to blackish, ventrally matte, and mostly yellowish-orange except blackish areas laterally. Clypeus with conspicuous microtrichose spots (sometimes forming narrow marginal bands): 1 (pair) dorsomedially, 1 (pair) dorsolaterally, 1 (pair) ventrolaterally, and 1 broad spot ventromedially. Palpus brown to dark brown with yellowish base. Chaetotaxy: 1–2 (pairs) orbital setae present; anterior seta, if present, short and setula-like. Postocellar seta absent. Lunule densely setulose. Gena with 2–3 setae and long blackish setulae. Postgena with thin, long, yellowish setulae; occiput with similar but shorter setulae. Ratios: Head: 1.37–1.50; frons anterior: 1.29–1.50; frons posterior: 1.10–1.32; ocellar triangle/frons: 0.27– 0.38; eye: 2.00–2.36; 1st flagellomere: 1.50–2.00; gena/eye: 0.26–0.35; parafacial/gena: 0.17–0.25; posterior orbital/anterior orbital: 1.79–2.75; medial vertical/lateral vertical: 1.06–1.27; posterior orbital/medial vertical: 0.50–0.67; ocellar/medial vertical: 0.41–0.57; ocellar/ocellar triangle: 1.07–1.42.</p><p>Thorax: Color and vestiture: Ground color mostly dark brown to black, sometimes with reddish-brown areas, with yellowish-gray microtrichia. Scutum with 5 microtrichose stripes. Postpronotal lobe ground color reddishbrown to dark brown. Posterior corner of postpronotal lobe and median articulation of anepisternum and katepisternum, shiny orange to brown. Scutellum mostly microtrichose, except black spots around bases of setae. Subscutellum dark brown to blackish, grayish microtrichose. Anepisternum with homogenous reticulate pattern of microtrichia. Katepisternum mostly shiny black, except irregularly microtrichose dorsally. Chaetotaxy: Postpronotal lobe with 1 seta and with long, yellowish-white to pale brown setulae. Scapullar setae, if present, thin and setula-like. Presutural supra-alar seta and postsutural supra-alar seta present (presutural seta sometimes setulalike). Anepisternum with short yellowish to pale brown setulae anterodorsally, and long yellowish to pale brown setulae posteriorly and ventrally. Katepisternum with long yellowish to orange setulae. Ratios: Scutum: 0.85–0.94; presutural supra-alar/intra-alar: 0.19–0.34; postsutural supra-alar/intra-alar: 0.40–0.68; postalar/intra-alar: 0.92– 1.12.</p><p>Legs: Color and vestiture: Leg type dark. Tarsi with yellowish areas as in genus. Coxae dorsally with fine microtrichia. Femora inconspicuously microtrichose. Chaetotaxy: Coxae anterodorsally setulose. Trochanters ventrally with brown setulae. Femora pale brown to blackish setulose: fore femur anterodorsally with short setulae and posteroventrally with long setulae; mid femur and hind femur mostly short setulose, except long setulae posterodistally and ventrally. Hind metatarsus and 2nd tarsomere with yellowish setulae ventrally.</p><p>Wing (Fig. 33): Pattern: Generally non-uniformly reticulate, with small to medium-size sub-hyaline and hyaline spots; combined area of hyaline and subhyaline spots less than combined area of pigmented pattern; larger such spots mostly around periphery of wing; smaller subhyaline spots mostly arranged in two parallel marginal rows along cells r2+3, br, r4+5 and dm; subhyaline spots otherwise irregular or arranged in 1 or several rows. Discrete transverse dark bands present as follows: 1 band from middle of costal cell to anterobasal margin of cell cu1; 1 band from distal tip of costal cell to end of vein A1+Cu2, fading posteriorly; 1 band from costa between subcostal vein and R1 to middle of vein Cu1; 1 broad band aligned with crossvein R-M, extending from costa to posterior margin of cell cu1; 3 somewhat oblique bands beyond level of crossvein DM-Cu, converging medially towards cell r4+5: Proximal two forming "X" shape; apical band C-shaped. Costal cell subhyaline to hyaline with 3–4 large dark spots. Venation: Veins and sclerites mostly dark brown, except yellowish to pale brown costa, humeral, subcostal and stem vein. Vein M ends slightly posterior to wing tip. Crossvein DM-Cu slightly sinuous, without stump vein. Calypters subequal; dorsal calypter with longer fringes than ventral calypter. Halter base and knob brown, stem yellowish-brown. Chaetotaxy: Costa ventrally with seta and long whitish setulae, and with conspicuously long setulae basally. Ratios: Wing: 2.56–2.85.</p><p>Abdomen: Structure: Male T4 either shorter, or about as long as T3, less than 0.20 times as long as T5. Female T4 longer than T3 and about as long as T5. Color and vestiture: T1+2 densely and irregularly microtrichose; T3 mostly metallic black with sparse microtrichia; T 4 in male medially microtrichose, in female uniformly and sparsely microtrichose; T 5 in male microtrichose mostly or only in distal 0.5, in female uniformly and more densely microtrichose. Male terminalia (Figs. 44, 55, 66): Epandrium in lateral view dorsoventrally narrowed, posterior margin concave; ventral concavity wide deep; subepandrial sclerite conspicuously elongated and almost completely exposed (in lateral view), anteriorly extended beyond margin of epandrium and posteroventrally with conspicuously long narrow bridges; lateral surstylus short, ventrally broad, anteriorly concaved (in lateral view), posteriorly and apically rounded; medial surstylus broad and ambiguous; prensisetae strongly curved mesally. Terminal filaments equally long, and conspicuously longer than distiphallus. Female terminalia (Fig. 80): 2 spermathecae present; spermatheca short ovoid, with small protuberances. Ratios: Male: T3/T4: 0.50–1.17; T4/T5: 0.06–0.14; T3+4/T5: 0.10–0.30; epandrium: 0.47–0.52; preglans: 1.25–1.40; glans: 1.89–2.31; preglans/glans: 0.33–0.50; acrophallus/preglans+glans: 12.56–14.40; distiphallus/preglans+glans: 5.35–6.47. Female: T3/T4: 1.25–1.36; T4/T5: 1.00–1.14; T3+4/T5: 2.25–2.67; aculeus: 5.00–7.20; cercal unit: 2.00–3.50; cercal unit/aculeus: 0.17–0.19.</p><p>Measurements (mm). Body length: 3.60–4.70; wing length: 3.80–4.60.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype: Ƌ, ISRAEL, Nahal Keziv, Monfort, 10.iii.1981, A. Freidberg . Paratypes: same collection data as holotype (18Ƌ, 23♀); additional paratypes (all from Israel; for explanation of the variant locality names on the labels, see <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.233334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.033333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.233334/lat 33.033333)">Comments</a>): Nahal Keziv, Montfort, 400m, 33°02'N 35°14'E, 24.ii.2011, L. Bodner (6Ƌ, 2♀), AF (3Ƌ, 3♀) ; 24.ii–14.iii.2011, L. Bodner (7Ƌ, 8♀); 2.iii.1987, AF (3Ƌ, 8♀), A. Shlagman (2Ƌ, 7♀), I. Yarom (3Ƌ, 1♀); 4.iii.1976, AF (21Ƌ, 12♀), M. Kaplan (3Ƌ, 4♀); 4.iii.1993, AF (1Ƌ, 1♀); 400m, 33°02'N 35°14'E, 4.iii.2010, AF (1♀); 33°02.635'N 35°14.271'E, 4.iii.2010, AF (1Ƌ); 5.iii.1978, M. Kaplan (1♀); 5.iii.1978, AF (1Ƌ); 33°02.7'N 35°14.6'E, 5.iii.2008, AF (2♀); 9.iii.1982, AF (5Ƌ, 2♀); 10.iii.1981, AF (19Ƌ, 23♀), F. Kaplan (4Ƌ, 4♀), T. Furman (3Ƌ, 2♀); 14.iii.1985, AF (5♀); 33°02'N 35°14'E, 14.iii.2011, AF (11Ƌ, 13♀), D. Furth (2Ƌ, 2♀); 400m, 33°02'N 35°14'E, 14.iii.2011, E. Morgulis (1Ƌ, 14♀), L. Bodner (4Ƌ, 9♀); 17.iii.1983, AF (11Ƌ, 4♀); 18.iii.1973, D. Furth (1♀); 4.iv.1976, AF (1♀); 10.iv.1993, AF (7Ƌ, 2♀).</p><p>The holotype (Fig. 96) is double-mounted (minutien pin and polyporus block), in excellent condition, and deposited at the SMNHTAU. Most paratypes are deposited at the SMNHTAU; some paratypes will be deposited at the museums listed in the Material and Methods section.</p><p>Distribution. Israel.</p><p>Distribution in Israel. Upper Galilee: Lower Nahal Keziv (Montfort).</p><p>Adult activity in Israel. February to April.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named after our colleague, Elizabeth Morgulis, who has contributed to the senior author's research in many ways. It is an adjective.</p><p>Comments. This species has been collected to date only at the Monfort crusader castle and within a radius of about one kilometer from it, constituting one of the most beautiful sites in Israel. The locality names originally used and cited on the labels, i.e., “Montfort”, “Monfort”, “Nahal Keziv”, “Nahal Keziv, Monfort” and “N. Keziv” (Nahal, in Hebrew, meaning river or stream) more or less refer to the same site.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5B5D6028E167D87BFF7201F1FBBDFD79	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bodner, L.;Freidberg, A.	Bodner, L., Freidberg, A. (2016): Taxonomy and immature stages of the Platystomatidae (Diptera: Tephritoidea) of Israel. Zootaxa 4171 (2): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4171.2.1
5B5D6028E179D87EFF72078AFC2EFD54.text	5B5D6028E179D87EFF72078AFC2EFD54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platystoma geula	<div><p>Platystoma geula n. sp.</p><p>(Figs. 12, 23, 34, 45, 56, 67, 81, 97)</p><p>Diagnosis. This species generally matches the characteristics of the Platystoma lugubre species group (Hennig, 1945) with the following exceptions: presence of 2–3 supra-alar setae, as opposed to 4; absence of setulae on the scutellum; black ground color of the postpronotum, as opposed to red (differs from all species in the group except P. lugubre corsicanum Séguy). This species was also compared with specimens of similar species, P. t e gu l a r u m Loew and P. gemmationis (Rondani), from which it differs by a much shorter ventral calypter.</p><p>Description. Head (Figs. 12, 23): Color and vestiture: Head conspicuously pale to dark brown, with yellowish-brown areas. Frons microtrichose mostly medially, at orbits and around bases of orbital setae, with 4 orange to brown patches delimited by inconspicuous transverse band of microtrichia at middle, and by median line of microtrichia. Ocellar triangle inconspicuously microtrichose, delimited by dense yellowish microtrichia. Lunule yellow to pale brown, with yellowish microtrichia, especially medially. Antenna: scape pale to dark brown, pedicel yellow to orange and 1st flagellomere dark brown, all microtrichose (not visible in certain angles). Face mostly blackish, except yellowish to brownish areas lateroventrally; dense gray microtrichia on most of dorsal part and medioventrally, leaving ventral 0.20–0.33 of antennal groove shiny black without microtrichia, and lateroventrally without microtrichia although matte. Clypeus mostly densely microtrichose, with small lateral shiny area (depending on angle of observation). Chaetotaxy: 2 (pairs) orbital setae and 1 (pair) postocellar seta present. Lunule setulose. Postgena and occiput with long yellowish setulae. Ratios: Head: 1.41–1.51; frons anterior: 1.53– 1.83; frons posterior: 1.32–1.50; ocellar triangle/frons: 0.29–0.38; eye: 1.95–2.24; 1st flagellomere: 1.60–2.13; gena/eye: 0.36–0.41; parafacial/gena: 0.29–0.39; posterior orbital/anterior orbital: 2.33–2.50; medial vertical/ lateral vertical: 0.69–1.17; posterior orbital/medial vertical: 0.56–0.81; ocellar/medial vertical: 0.37–0.54; ocellar/ ocellar triangle: 0.83–1.08; postocellar/medial vertical: 0.23–0.35.</p><p>Thorax: Color and vestiture: Ground color black, with yellowish-gray microtrichia. Scutum with 3 or 5 microtrichose stripes. Postpronotal lobe ground color black. Scutellum medially and laterally microtrichose, with sublateral black spots, sometimes including round black spots around bases of setae. Subscutellum black, with grayish-yellow microtrichia, mostly laterally and near median. Pleura microtrichose as in genus. Chaetotaxy: Presutural supra-alar seta absent. 0–1 postsutural supra-alar seta present. Postpronotal lobe with yellowish setulae anteriorly and black setulae posteriorly. Anepisternum uniformly short setulose. Katepisternum with long curly yellowish-white to orange setulae. Ratios: Scutum: 0.81–0.95; postsutural supra-alar/intra-alar: 0.33–0.50; postalar/intra-alar: 0.46–1.09.</p><p>Legs: Color and vestiture: Leg type dark. Tarsi: fore and mid tarsi black, with yellow areas on proximal part of tarsomeres; hind metatarsus mostly yellowish, dorsoapically pale brown; 2nd tarsomere of hind tarsus yellowish ventrally and dorsally on proximal half. Other segments as fore and mid tarsi. Coxae anterodorsally microtrichose, posterodorasally shiny black. Chaetotaxy: Coxae and trochanters with mixed yellow and blackish setae and setulae, posterodorsally bare. Femora dorsally with blackish and mostly short setulae, with long and thicker setulae distally. Fore femur ventrally with yellow and blackish setae and setulae. Mid and hind femora, ventrally with thin long yellowish setulae. Tarsi with short, mostly blackish setulae, with shorter orange-brown setulae ventrally. Hind metatarsus anteroventrally with row of predominantly thick black setulae, distinguished from rest of setulae and more conspicuous in male.</p><p>Wing (Fig. 34): Pattern: Mostly rather pale brown, reticulate, with large hyaline spots along and near costa and mostly smaller spots arranged in 2 longitudinal rows in each of cells r2+3, br and r4+5. Combined area of hyaline spots subequal to combined area of pigmented pattern. Conspicuous, dark, transverse bands or large spots present as follows: 1 band extending from costa at cell co, over crossvein BM-Cu, ending in anterobasal corner of cell cu1; 2 spots extending from costa in proximal 0.5 of pterostigma, ending in posterior margin of cell r1 proximal 0.5; 1 band extending from distal edge of pterostigma, aligned with crossvein R-M, ending medially at cell dm, anterior to vein Cu1; 1 spot extending from posterior part of cell dm, in level between crossveins R-M and DM-Cu, ending near medial of posterior margin of cell cu1; 1 narrow band extending (more or less intermittently) from costa to posterodistal edge of cell cu1, aligned with crossvein DM-Cu; 3 somewhat oblique bands beyond level of crossvein DM-Cu, converging medially towards cell r4+5: Proximal two forming "X" shape; apical band C-shaped. Costal cell hyaline with 4 dark spots, of which two middle most conspicuous. Venation: Veins generally yellowish to dark brown. Axillary sclerites and stem vein pale to dark brown. Costa mostly yellow. Base of costa, from proximal edge to costagial break, blackish. Vein M ends slightly posterior to wing tip. Crossvein DM-Cu slightly sinuous. Dorsal calypter slightly wider and shorter than ventral calypter. Halter with orange base, yellowish stem and pale to dark brown, sometimes apically beige, knob. Ratios: Wing: 2.68–2.91.</p><p>Abdomen: Structure: Male T5 almost twice as long as T4, T4 about as long as T3. Female T4 about as long as T3 and slightly longer than T5. Color and vestiture: Microtrichia scattered more or less uniformly over tergites, mostly present medially over T2-T5. Male terminalia (Figs. 45, 56, 67): Epandrium rounded laterally, broadened dorsoventrally; ventral concavity inconspicuous, wide and superficial; subepandrial sclerite in lateral view enclosed by epandrium, indistinctly bent but with sharp corner projected dorsally; lateral surstylus broad, posteriorly rounded and apically narrowed; medial surstylus short and ambiguous, although slightly visible in ventral view. Terminal filaments equally long, slightly longer than preglans and glans combined and conspicuously shorter than distiphallus. Female terminalia (Fig. 81): 3 spermathecae present; spermatheca short ovoid and smooth. Ratios: Male: T3/T4: 0.86–1.00; T4/T5: 0.66–0.77; T3+4/T5: 1.13–1.45; epandrium: 0.81–0.97; preglans: 1.25–1.50; glans: 1.45–2.00; preglans/glans: 0.50–0.57; acrophallus/preglans+glans: 1.00–1.41; distiphallus/ preglans+glans: 11.88–13.93. Female: T3/T4: 0.93–1.10; T4/T5: 1.12–1.28; T3+4/T5: 1.93–2.17; aculeus: 6.17– 6.50; cercal unit: 2.33–2.40; cercal unit/aculeus: 0.16–0.18.</p><p>Measurements (mm). Body length: 6.70–8.50; wing length: 5.60–7.10.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype: Ƌ, ISRAEL, Nahal 'Iyyon, Ha'Tanur Waterfall, 430m, 33°16.1'N 35°34.5'E, 15.iii.2011, A. Freidberg . Paratypes: same collection data as holotype (23Ƌ, 26♀); additional paratypes (all from Israel; for explanation of the designation of paratypes, see Comments): large specimens: Har Dov , 8.iv.1983, AF (1♀); Nahal ' Iyyon, haTanur (' HaTanur', or ' Tanur') : 22.ii.2002, AF (1Ƌ, 1♀), 15.iii.1975, AF (27Ƌ, 13♀), 15.iii.1975, F. Kaplan (6Ƌ, 5♀), 430m, 33°16.1'N 35°34.5'E, 15.iii.2011, L. Bodner (24Ƌ, 26♀), AF (14Ƌ, 11♀), E. Morgulis (5♀), 21.iii.1974, D. Furth (2♀); Panyas: 33°14.9'N 35°41.7'E, 15.iii.2011, L. Bodner (13Ƌ, 12♀), AF (32Ƌ, 23♀), E. Morgulis (2Ƌ, 1♀), 16.iv.1992, AF (1♀), 205m, 33°15'N 35°42'E, 28.iv.2011, D. Furth (1♀); Sasa, 18.iv.1981, AF (8Ƌ, 5♀); HaGoshrim, 28–29.ii.1977, AF (5Ƌ), 29.ii.1977, F. Kaplan (1♀); Hurfeish, 7.iv.1987, Y. Zvik, on Phlomis viscosa, (1Ƌ, 2♀); Qiryat Shemona, 16.iv.1992, AF (5Ƌ, 2♀); Dan, Bet Ussishkin: 33°14'N 35°39'E, 15.iii.2011, AF (19Ƌ, 24♀), 33°14'N 35°39'E, 15.iii.2011, E. Morgulis (1♀); Avivim: 18.iv.1981, AF (4Ƌ, 2♀), 13.iii.1984, I Yarom (1♀); Emek HaHula, 26.iii.1992, D. Raucher (1Ƌ, 1♀); Nahal Keziv, Monfort (' <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.233334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.033333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.233334/lat 33.033333)">Monfort'</a>, or ' Nahal Keziv'): 400m, 33°02'N 35°14'E , 24.ii.2011, L. Bodner (18Ƌ, 15♀), AF (5Ƌ), 33°02.6'N 35°13.3'E, 4.iii.2010, I. Katz (10Ƌ, 5♀), 33°02.635'N 35°13.271'E, 4.iii.2010, AF (3Ƌ, 4♀), 33°02.7'N 35°13.6'E, 5.iii.2008, AF (8Ƌ, 4♀), L. Friedman (4Ƌ, 4♀), 9.iii.1982, M. Kaplan (1Ƌ), 10.iii.1981, AF (1Ƌ), F. Kaplan (1♀), 33°02'N 35°14'E, 14.iii.2011, AF (1Ƌ, 1♀), E. Morgulis (1♀); Ma'alot-Tarshiha, 474m, 33°00'N 35°15'E, 26.iv.2005, M. Meir (2♀); Ma'alot, 3.v.2000, J. Halperin, on Rhamnus, (1Ƌ); Yir'on, 663m, 33°04.3'N 35°27'E, 14.iii.2011, L. Bodner (1Ƌ, 1♀); Yir'on, 17.iv.2000, AF (7Ƌ); Meron (' Har / Mt. Meron', or ' Meiron') : 31.iii.1958, J. Kugler (1Ƌ, 1♀), 9.iv.1977, AF (1♀), 1000m, 32°59.7'N 35°24.7'E, 14.iv.2011, AF (1Ƌ, 1♀), 1000m, 32°59.7'N 35°24.7'E, 14.iv.2011, L. Friedman (1Ƌ), 1100m, 32°59.7'N 35°24.7'E, 14.iv.2011, L. Bodner (1Ƌ, 2♀), 1000m, 16.iv.1992, AF (1♀), 1120m, 32°59.8'N 35°24.7'E, 19.iv.2010, E. Morgulis (1Ƌ), 1120m, 32°59.8'N 35°24.7'E, 19.iv.2010, AF (1♀), 23.iv.1973, M. Kaplan (1Ƌ), [Meron Reserve], Gat 'En Zeved, 32°59'N 35°25'E, 24.iv.2002, AF (1Ƌ), [Har Meron Reserve], 'En haZaqen, 32°58'N 35°25'E, 24.iv.2002, AF (1Ƌ), 1100m, 24.iv.2003, AF (3♀), [<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.433334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.433334/lat 32.966667)">Har Meron Reserve</a>], Camping under Kefar, 600m, 32°58'N 35°26'E , 25.iv.2002, AF (1Ƌ), 30.iv.1981, F. Kaplan (1Ƌ, 1♀), 3.v.1973, AF (1♀), 5.v.1975, AF (1♀), 5.v.1987, F. Kaplan (2Ƌ, 1♀), 6.v.1986, G. Eldar (1Ƌ, 2♀), 14.v.1974, AF (10Ƌ, 2♀), 14.v.1974, F. Nachbar (1Ƌ, 2♀), 17.v.1976, D. Simon (1Ƌ, 1♀), [ Jarmaq] , 20.v.1964, J. Kugler (2Ƌ), 20.v.1972, AF (2Ƌ, 1♀), 800m, 22.v.1998, AF (1Ƌ), 1120m, 33°00'N 35°25'E, 26.v.2009, AF (1Ƌ); Yaqqir [Yakir], 4.iv.1981, AF (1Ƌ); Zuri'el, 9.iv.1977, AF (1♀); Qiryat Anavim, 25.iv.1955, J. W. Wahrman (2Ƌ, 1♀). Small specimens: Nahal 'Iyyon, Ha'Tanur [Tanur], 17.iii.1973, D. Furth (2♀); N[ahal] Hazbani, 13.iii. [19]84, I. Yarom (1Ƌ, 1♀); HaGoshrim, 4.iv.1993 (2Ƌ, 5♀); Dafna, 18.iii.1973, M. Kaplan (3Ƌ, 4♀); Dan, 22.ii.1979, D. Furth (1Ƌ); Tel Dan, 13.iv. [19]83, I. Yarom (1♀); N[ahal] Sa’ar, 25.ii.1983, Z. Eythan (1Ƌ); Panyas [Banyas], 8.iii.1984, I. Nussbaum (6Ƌ, 1♀); 1 km East of Shomera, 31.iii. [19]68, Pener et al. (1♀) ; N[ahal] Bezet, 21.iv. [19]83, I. Yarom (1Ƌ); Horshat [Chorshat] Tal, 11.iv.1976, D. Simon (4Ƌ, 1♀); Nahal Keziv, Monfort ('Monfort', or 'Nahal Keziv'): 2.iii.1987, I. Yarom (1Ƌ), AF (1Ƌ), 4.iii.1976, AF (1Ƌ, 4♀), 4.iii.1993, AF (2Ƌ, 2♀), 17.iii.1983, AF (1♀), 18.iii.1973, AF (1♀); Gonen, 15.iii.1975, AF (3Ƌ); Ga`ton, 6.iii.2000, H. Ackerman (2Ƌ); Netu`a, 21.iv. [19]83, I. Yarom (2♀); Avivim, 18.iv.1981 (1♀,); Hurfeish, 7.iv.1987, I. Nussbaum (1♀); Rihaniya: 15.v.1996 (1♀), 22.v.1998 (1Ƌ); Park haYarden: 21.iii.2000, O. Manheim (1♀), H. Ackerman (1♀), 4.iv. [19]83, I. Yarom (6Ƌ, 1♀), 2.iv.1998, AF (1Ƌ); Biq'at Bet Zayda [Bteicha]: 14.iii.1975, AF (2Ƌ, 1♀), 24.iii.1973, M. Kaplan (1Ƌ); Ginnosar, 28.ii.1977, AF (1Ƌ); Kefar Nahum, 17.iii.1981, AF (1Ƌ); Yehudiya Forest Nature Reserve [Qasabiya], 20.iii.1984 (2Ƌ, 1♀), I. Nussbaum , 5.iv.1983 (1♀); Haifa [Haifa]: 4.ii.1969, AF (1Ƌ), 7.ii.1969, AF (1Ƌ, 1♀), 15.ii.1970, AF (1Ƌ, 3♀), 26.ii.1977, AF (1♀), 28.ii.1970, AF (1Ƌ, 1♀), 4.iii.1971, AF (3Ƌ), 7.iii.1969, AF (1♀), [Haifa, Palestine], 11.iii.1944, Bytinski-Salz (1Ƌ); Biq'at Bet Netofa [Palestina, Galilee, Bet Natufa], 1.iii. [19]55, O. Theodor (3Ƌ, 1♀); Nesher: 28.ii. [19]69, AF (1♀), 4.iii.1975, F. Kaplan (1Ƌ, 2♀); Oranim, 27.iii. [19]63,? (1Ƌ, 1♀); Qiryat Tiv`on [Tivon]: 4.iii.1975, F. Kaplan (22Ƌ, 3♀), 7.iii.1981, AF (2Ƌ), 2.iv.1975, F. Kaplan (1♀); Allonim, 3.ii.1942, Bytinski-Salz (1Ƌ, 1♀); Mishmar haEmeq, 4.iv. [19]53, M. Costa (2Ƌ, 2♀); Gesher, 16.iii.1973, D. Furth (1Ƌ); Karmel [Carmel]: 31.i.1970, AF (1Ƌ), 6.ii.1971 (1♀), 14.ii.1976, AF (2Ƌ), 22.ii.1981, AF (1Ƌ, 1♀), 4.iii.1975, F. Kaplan (1♀), 6.iii.1971, AF (25Ƌ, 10♀), 12.iii. [19]86, C. O`Toole (2Ƌ), 21.iii.1973, AF (2Ƌ), 8.iv. [19]67, D. Gerling (1♀); Yagur (or ' Jagur') : 21.ii.1976, AF (2Ƌ), [Jadjur, Haifa, Palestine], 5.iii. [19]34, O. Th[eodor] (1♀), 22.vi.1956, J. Kugler (1Ƌ); Nahal Oren: 32°43’N 35°01'E, 22.ii.2008, AF (5Ƌ), 4.iii.1975, M. Kaplan (2Ƌ, 2♀), 18.iii.1973, D. Furth (1♀), 18.iii.1981, (1♀); Isafiye, 18.iii.1973, D. Furth (1♀); N[ahal] Yoqne’am, 12.iii.1974, D. Furth (1Ƌ); Even Yizhaq (Gal'ed), 22.ii.2002, AF (1Ƌ); Allone`Abba, 14.iv.1999, AF (2Ƌ, 2♀); IAFAT, 2.iii.1968, J. Kugler (1♀); Bet Lehem haGlilit, 10.iii.1997, L. Friedman (3Ƌ, 1♀); Ramat Dawid, 14.iii. [19]81, T. Furman (1Ƌ, 1♀), 23.iii. [19]53, I. Goldman (1Ƌ); Megiddo, 20.ii. [19]84, S. Eliav (2Ƌ); Har Shana, Carmel, 24.iii.1989, J. Kugler (2Ƌ, 1♀); haZorea', 8.iii.1979, D. Furth (1♀); N[ahal] Tut, 2.iii.1979, D. Furth (1Ƌ); Keren haCarmel [Muhraqa], 18.iii.1987, I. Nussbaum (1♀);`En Hod, 27.iii.1975, AF (2Ƌ, 1♀);`En [Ein] Hod, 30.iii.1987, I. Yarom (1Ƌ, 4♀); Zikhron Ya`aqov: 9.ii.1998, I. Yarom (1Ƌ), 24.ii.1968, J. Kugler (3Ƌ, 2♀), 1.iv.1998, AF (1Ƌ, 2♀); Nahal 'Iron [Wadi/W. Ara]: 2.iii.1978, A. Freudberg (2Ƌ, 1♀), 19.iii.1974, D. Furth (1♀); Nahal Tavor, north facing slope, 26.iii.2001, L. Friedman (2Ƌ); Nahal Tavor, 26.iii.2001, L. Friedman (1♀);`En Pelugot, 16.iv.1973, D. Furth (1Ƌ); Hadera, 11.iii.1940, Com. Inst. Ent. (1♀); Upper Nahal Tirza [Upper W. Faria], 19.ii.1974, D. Furth (1Ƌ); Nahal Tirza [W. Faria] : 1.iii.1973, AF (3Ƌ, 1♀), 6.iii.1974, D. Furth (1Ƌ), 11.iii.1973, D. Furth (1Ƌ); Sabastiya, 24.iii.1973, D. Furth (3Ƌ, 3♀); 'Ammiqam, 8.ii.1997, R. Hoffman (1♀); Shekhem: [Shchem], 1.iii.1973, M. Kaplan (2Ƌ), [Nablus], 11.iii.1973, D. Furth (1Ƌ, 1♀); Kokhav Ya'ir: Ya'ar Sappir, 160m, 32°13.9’N 34°59.5'E, 16.ii.2010, I. Katz (10Ƌ, 4♀), L. Friedman (4Ƌ, 7♀), AF (2♀), 32°14’N 34°59.5'E, 21.iii.2011, L. Bodner (16Ƌ, 12♀); Shoham: 2.iii.2004, I. Zonstein (3Ƌ), 17.iii.2010, L. Friedman (1Ƌ), AF (1♀), 32°00’N 34°57'E, 18.iii.2011, L. Bodner (7Ƌ, 4♀), 32°00’N 34°57'E, 23.iii.2007, L. Younger &amp; E. Kaufmann (1Ƌ, 1♀); Bet Nehemya, 6.iv.1984, I. Nussbaum (2Ƌ, 2♀); Park Canada: 13.ii. [20]10, W. Kuslitzky (1♀), 29.iii.1992, AF (1Ƌ, 1♀); Latrun, 10.iii.2004, AF (1♀); Bet Shemesh: 10.iii.2004, AF (3♀), 21.iii.2000, E. Fonio (1Ƌ), 24.iii. [19]83, AF (1Ƌ, 1♀), 30.iii.2004, I. Zonstein (1Ƌ, 1♀); Devira, 31°34’N 34°51'E, 12.iv.2009, R. Haneman (1♀); Bet Lehem, 10.ii.1995, I. Nussbaum (1Ƌ); Talimon, 3.iii.1982, I. Nussbaum (1Ƌ).</p><p>The holotype (Fig. 97) is double-mounted (minutien pin and polyporus block), in excellent condition, and deposited in SMNHTAU. Most paratypes are deposited at SMNHTAU; some paratypes will be deposited at the museums listed in the Material and Methods section.</p><p>Distribution. Israel.</p><p>Distribution in Israel. Mt. Hermon, Golan Heights, Upper and Lower Galilee, Carmel Ridge, Jordan Valley, Yizre'el Valley, Samaria, Foothills of Judea and Judean Hills.</p><p>Adult activity in Israel. February to April.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named after Mrs Geula Freidberg, the late mother of the junior co-author. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Comments. This is the largest species of Platystomatidae found in Israel. The numerous specimens studied by us can be fairly equally divided into two size groups based on body length: 6.70–8.50 mm or 4.20–6.20 mm. Our prior assumption that these two size groups may represent two new species is not supported by any other morphological evidence. We have therefore chosen to base our description of the new species on the large specimens only and designated these as the type series. The small specimens are also recorded in the material examined section following the large specimens, although they are not designated as paratypes.</p><p>Adults were frequently collected on Silybum marianum (Asteraceae), Mandragora autumnalis (Solanaceae), Scandix pecten-veneris, and Smyrnium olusatrum (both Apiaceae).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5B5D6028E179D87EFF72078AFC2EFD54	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bodner, L.;Freidberg, A.	Bodner, L., Freidberg, A. (2016): Taxonomy and immature stages of the Platystomatidae (Diptera: Tephritoidea) of Israel. Zootaxa 4171 (2): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4171.2.1
5B5D6028E17CD87FFF7207A1FDD6F8E0.text	5B5D6028E17CD87FFF7207A1FDD6F8E0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platystoma malatiense Hennig 1945	<div><p>Platystoma malatiense Hennig, 1945</p><p>(Figs. 13, 24, 35, 46, 57, 68, 82)</p><p>Platystoma malatiense Hennig, 1945: 26 (palaearctic Platystomatidae).</p><p>Diagnosis. This small-to-medium size species bears some resemblance to P. arcuatum and P. trigonum n. sp. in its overall appearance, but is easily distinguished from these and other congeners by the presence of dense white microtrichia on almost the entire facial area and on the clypeus.</p><p>Redescription. Head (Figs. 13, 24): Color and vestiture: Head pale to dark brown with orange to reddishbrown areas. Frons densely microtrichose at orbits, on and around ocellar triangle and around bases of orbital and vertical setae. Ocellar triangle densely microtrichose. Lunule brown to blackish-brown with grayish microtrichia. Antenna brown to blackish-brown with dense grayish microtrichia; pedicel pale brown, sometimes yellowish dorsally; 1st flagellomere dark brown. Face dark brown to black medially, yellowish to pale brown lateroventrally, mostly densely microtrichose, except black shiny areas dorsolaterally, and yellowish-brown matte areas ventrolaterally. Clypeus densely microtrichose. Chaetotaxy: 2 (pairs) orbital setae present. Postocellar seta absent. Lunule setulose dorsomedially. Postgena with long yellowish setulae. Occiput with similar setulae as postgena, except shorter. Ratios: Head: 1.33–1.46; frons anterior: 1.35–1.56; frons posterior: 1.16–1.33; ocellar triangle/ frons: 0.24–0.33; eye: 1.92–2.17; 1st flagellomere: 1.38–2.00; gena/eye: 0.30–0.35; parafacial/gena: 0.25–0.31; posterior orbital/anterior orbital: 1.73–3.27; medial vertical/lateral vertical: 0.90–1.25; posterior orbital/medial vertical: 0.73–1.06; ocellar/medial vertical: 0.30–0.78; ocellar/ocellar triangle: 0.78–2.15.</p><p>Thorax: Color and vestiture: Ground color black, with yellowish-gray microtrichia. Scutum with 5 microtrichose stripes. Postpronotal lobe ground color usually black, sometimes reddish. Scutellum microtrichose marginally, sometimes also with medial stripe of microtrichia. Subscutellum metallic dark brown to black, with fine microtrichia. Proepisternum and proepimeron densely white microtrichose. Chaetotaxy: Presutural supra-alar seta and postsutural supra-alar seta present. Postpronotal lobe with thin long yellowish-white setulae. Anepisternum with long, posteriorly brown and ventrally yellowish-white setulae, otherwise, with short yellowishwhite to brown setulae. Katepisternum with yellowish-white setulae. Ratios: Scutum: 0.88–0.97; presutural supraalar/intra-alar: 0.31–0.45; postsutural supra-alar/intra-alar: 0.53–0.80; postalar/intra-alar: 1.04–1.26.</p><p>Legs: Color and vestiture: Leg type dark. Tarsi with yellowish areas as in genus. Coxae, trochanters and most parts of forelegs with fine microtrichia. Mid and hind femora, either inconspicuously microtrichose or bare. Chaetotaxy: Coxae anteriorly and distally with mixed white and brown setulae. Trochanters with yellowish setulae. Fore femur black setulose, with long setulae ventrally and shorter setulae dorsally. Mid and hind femora with short black setulae dorsally, and with long paler setulae ventrally. Hind femur with long and thick black setulae dorsally and distally. Tibiae short setulose, with blackish setulae dorsally and yellowish setulae ventrally. Hind metatarsus and 2nd tarsomere with yellowish setulae ventrally.</p><p>Wing (Fig. 35): Pattern: Reticulate, with small to medium-size hyaline spots, scattered more or less uniformly on proximal 0.5 of wing and irregularly on distal 0.5 of wing. Combined area of hyaline spots less than combined area of pigmented pattern. Pattern with discrete transverse dark bands extending from costa to hind margin of wing: 2 bands converging posterior to vein R2+3 and extending as one band over crossvein R-M near to crossvein DM-Cu, ending near middle of posterior margin of cell cu1; 3 somewhat oblique bands beyond level of crossvein DM-Cu, converging medially towards cell r4+5. Costal cell subhyaline to hyaline with 3–5, sometimes partially merged large dark spots. Venation: Veins mostly pale to dark brown; axillary sclerites, stem vein and base of costa from proximal edge to costagial break, dark brown; rest of costa yellowish to pale brown. Vein M ends slightly anterior to wing tip. Crossvein DM-Cu without stump vein. Dorsal calypter narrower and shorter than ventral calypter, with conspicuously longer fringes. Halter base and stem yellowish to pale brown, knob dark brown. Ratios: Wing: 2.68– 3.03.</p><p>Abdomen: Structure: Male T4 about as long as T3 and about half as long as T5. Female T4 slightly shorter than T3 and slightly longer than T5. Color and vestiture: Male abdomen more or less uniformly microtrichose. Female abdomen irregularly microtrichose, with microtrichia scattered sparsely over T3 and T4, and more densely over T5. Male terminalia (Figs. 46, 57, 68): Epandrium broad; ventral concavity wide and superficial; subepandrial sclerite laterally enclosed by epandrium; lateral surstylus in ventral view finger-like, rounded laterally and slightly curved mesally, with pointed apex; medial surstylus rectangle, rather distinguishable (mostly visible in ventral view); cerci conspicuously elongated. Terminal filaments equally long, and distinctly shorter than distiphallus. Female terminalia (Fig. 82): 3 spermathecae present; spermatheca short ovoid and smooth. Ratios: Male: T3/T4: 1.00–1.08; T4/T5: 0.57–0.71; T3+4/T5: 1.17–1.43; epandrium: 0.63–0.77; preglans: 1.22–1.50; glans: 1.82–2.25; preglans/glans: 0.38–0.50; acrophallus/preglans+glans: 3.12–4.33; distiphallus/preglans+glans: 9.88–10.09. Female: T3/T4: 1.05–1.20; T4/T5: 1.08–1.18; T3+4/T5: 2.38–2.44; aculeus: 4.39–6.07; cercal unit: 2.71–3.20; cercal unit/aculeus: 0.18–0.22.</p><p>Measurements (mm). Body length: 3.20–5.30; wing length: 2.80–3.90.</p><p>Material examined. ISRAEL: Har Hermon (or ' Mt. Hermon'): 1300m, 23.v.1998, AF (1♀) ; 1400m, 24.v.2012, AF (3♀); 1400m, 15.vi.2011, AF (1♀); 1400–1600m, 24.v. [19]83, AF (1Ƌ, 1♀); 1500m, 17.v.2009, L. Friedman (3♀), AF (2♀); 1515m, 33°17.7’N 35°45.6'E, 17.v.2011, L. Bodner (25Ƌ, 22♀), AF (10Ƌ, 4♀); 1500– 1700m, 24.v.2012, L. Bodner (7Ƌ, 7♀); 1600m, 4.v.1999, AF (1Ƌ); 33°18.3’N 35°46.2'E, 17.v.2011, AF (1Ƌ, 7♀), L. Bodner (2Ƌ, 1♀); 1600m, 18.v.2009, AF (3Ƌ, 3♀), L. Friedman (2Ƌ, 4♀); 1700m, 17.v.2009, AF (6♀), L. Friedman (1Ƌ, 4♀), W. Kuslitzky (1♀); 1800m, 33°18.1’N 35°46.4'E, 7.v.2010, AF (1♀); Nahal ‘Iyyon, HaTanur Waterfall, 430m, 33°16.1’N 35°34.5'E, 15.iii.2011, AF (15Ƌ, 22♀), L. Bodner (15Ƌ, 18♀), E. Morgulis (1Ƌ, 2♀); Panyas [Banias], 12.iv. [19]83, AF (1Ƌ); Avivim, 18.iv.1981, AF (43Ƌ, 26♀) ; Yir'on, 17.iv.2000, AF (31Ƌ, 6♀) ; Sasa, 18.iv.1981, AF (1♀) ; Rihaniya [Rihanyia], 16.iv.1992, AF (1Ƌ, 1♀) ; Meron (' Har / Mt. Meron', or ' Meiron'): 1100m, 9.iv.1977, AF (3♀) , 1100m, 32°59.7’N 35°24.7'E, 14.iv.2011, L. Bodner (14Ƌ, 15♀), 1000m, 32°59.7’N 35°24.7'E, 14.iv.2011, L. Friedman (5Ƌ, 5♀), AF (1Ƌ, 3♀), E. Morgulis (1Ƌ, 1♀), 1100m, 17.iv.2000, AF (4Ƌ, 3♀), H. Ackerman (1Ƌ), 17.iv.2012, L. Friedman (1Ƌ, 4♀), 20.iv.1972, AF (5Ƌ, 2♀), 1100m, 27.iv. [19]84, I. Yarom (1Ƌ, 1♀), 900m, 27.iv. [19]84, AF (1Ƌ), 1100m, 30.iv.1981, F. Kaplan (1Ƌ); 3.v. [19]83, Y. Zvik, (1Ƌ), 14.v.1974, AF (1♀), 1100m, 28.v.1981, AF (1♀), 800m, 28.v.2003, L. Friedman (1Ƌ), [Har Meron Reserve], 'En Zeved, 32°59'N 35°26'E, 24.iv.2002, AF (1Ƌ, 3♀), L. Friedman (1Ƌ), Nahal 'Ofaim, 1100m, 20.v.2013, L. Friedman (1♀); ' En-el-Asad, 18.iv.1984, I. Nussbaum (2Ƌ, 1♀) ; Emeq [k] Peqi'in, 3.iv.1978, D. Furth (1♀) ; Har Addir, 980m, 20.v.2013, L. Friedman, on Q[uercus]. boissieri, Q. calliprinos, (1Ƌ); Dalton, 25.iv.1974, D. Furth (2Ƌ); Qiryat ' Anavim : 25.iv.1955, HEBR. UNIV., J.W. Wahrman (3Ƌ, 1♀), [Jerusalem, Palestine, Qiryat ' Anavim], 25.iv. [19]55, O. Theodor (1Ƌ, 6♀) ; Yerushalayim, Bet haKerem [Beth Hakerem, Jerusalem, Palestine], 25.iv. [19]55, O. Theodor (1Ƌ, 1♀) .</p><p>Type locality. Malatia (Turkey).</p><p>Distribution. Turkey, Armenia, Iraq and Israel.</p><p>Distribution in Israel. Upper Galilee, Mt. Hermon, Golan Heights and Judean Hills.</p><p>Adult activity in Israel. April to May.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5B5D6028E17CD87FFF7207A1FDD6F8E0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bodner, L.;Freidberg, A.	Bodner, L., Freidberg, A. (2016): Taxonomy and immature stages of the Platystomatidae (Diptera: Tephritoidea) of Israel. Zootaxa 4171 (2): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4171.2.1
5B5D6028E17ED87DFF7205E1FDD1FA35.text	5B5D6028E17ED87DFF7205E1FDD1FA35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platystoma nitidiventre Hendel 1913	<div><p>Platystoma nitidiventre Hendel, 1913</p><p>(Figs. 14, 25, 36, 47, 58, 69, 83)</p><p>Platystoma nitidiventre Hendel, 1913: 75 (monograph of Platystoma).</p><p>Selected references: Hennig, 1945: 25 (palaearctic Platystomatidae); Mesci &amp; Hasbenli, 2015: 805 (fauna of Turkey).</p><p>Diagnosis. This species differs from the other congeners by the combination of a relatively dark wing pattern, shiny black abdomen without microtrichia, and the conspicuously yellow pleural membrane on the ventral part of the abdomen in both male and female, as opposed to gray in males and whitish in females.</p><p>Redescription. Head (Figs. 14, 25): Color and vestiture: Head mostly reddish-brown to dark brown, with orange-brown areas. Frons reddish to dark brown, microtrichose around bases of orbital and vertical setae, and around ocellar triangle. Rarely present is thin yellowish median line of microtrichia. Ocellar triangle inconspicuously microtrichose. Lunule mostly blackish-brown, except yellowish line delimiting scapes. Antenna: scape, pedicel and 1st flagellomere brown to dark brown, all microtrichose. Face mostly shiny black with fine gray microtrichia on most of dorsal 0.3–0.5, sometimes excluding antennal grooves. Clypeus shiny black. Chaetotaxy: In general, setae and setulae longer than other studied species. 2 (pairs) orbital setae and 1 (pair) postocellar seta present. Lunule conspicuously setulose. 2–5 genal setae present (usually 3). Postgena and occiput with variously long, pale brown to black setulae. Ratios: Head: 1.33–1.48; frons anterior: 1.26–1.48; frons posterior: 1.06–1.26; ocellar triangle/frons: 0.26–0.33; eye: 1.86–2.15; 1st flagellomere: 1.57–1.86; gena/eye: 0.21–0.27; parafacial/gena: 0.21–0.33; posterior orbital/anterior orbital: 1.92–2.31; medial vertical/lateral vertical: 1.09–1.19; posterior orbital/ medial vertical: 0.65–0.88; ocellar/medial vertical: 0.45–0.52; ocellar/ocellar triangle: 1.31–1.79; postocellar/ medial vertical: 0.35–0.43.</p><p>Thorax: Color and vestiture: Ground color black, irregularly and inconspicuously microtrichose. Scutum with 3 or 5 weak grayish microtrichose stripes. Postpronotal lobe and posterior notopleuron reddish-brown, with yellow joint. Scutellum marginally microtrichose. Subscutellum and mediotergite black, without microtrichia. Proepisternum mostly shiny black, with white microtrichia ventrally. Proepimeron densely white microtrichose. Anepisternum with reticulate pattern of microtrichia, more pronounced anteriorly. katepisternum and anepimeron sparsely and irregularly microtrichose. Chaetotaxy: Presutural supra-alar seta and postsutural supra-alar seta present. Scutum setulae 0.12–0.50 times as long as major setae. Postpronotal lobe anterior margin with long black setulae. Anepisternum with long setulae posteriorly and ventrally, and shorter setulae anteriorly and medially. Anepimeron with black setulae anteriorly, and yellowish setulae medially. Katepisternum with brown to black setulae. Ratios: Scutum: 0.97–1.14; presutural supra-alar/intra-alar: 0.35–0.58; postsutural supra-alar/intra-alar: 0.41–0.67; postalar/intra-alar: 0.92–1.00.</p><p>Legs: Color and vestiture: Leg type dark. Tarsi with yellowish areas as follows: fore metatarsus proximally, mid and hind metatarsi almost entirely, 2nd tarsomere of hind tarsus ventrally. Coxae inconspicuously and irregularly microtrichose. Trochanters, femora and tibiae shiny. Chaetotaxy: Coxae and trochanters with black setulae, except posterodorsally. Femora dorsally with short setulae and ventrally with long setulae. Fore and hind tibiae with 0–2 less prominent spines. All tarsi with short dark brown setulae dorsally and yellowish to pale brown setulae ventrally.</p><p>Wing (Fig. 36): Pattern: Generally dark brown, with hyaline spots scattered more or less uniformly: small spots on proximal 0.5 of wing, posterior to vein R2+3; large spots around periphery of wing; small to medium-sized spots in center of distal 0.5 of wing. Combined area of hyaline spots less than combined area of pigmented pattern. Wing pattern conspicuously dark from costa to vein Cu1, gradually paler basally and posteriorly and subhyaline in alula and anal lobe. Costal cell dark brown with thin vague subhyaline spots. Venation: Veins and sclerites brown to blackish. Vein M ends slightly posterior to wing tip. Crossvein DM-Cu without stump vein. Dorsal calypter narrower and shorter than ventral calypter, with slightly longer fringes. Halter base and stem yellowish to pale brown, knob dark brown. Chaetotaxy: Base of costa near costagial break with ventral seta. Ratios: Wing: 2.51– 3.00.</p><p>Abdomen: Structure: Male T4 about as long as T3 and about half as long as T5. Female T4 slightly shorter than T3 and about as long as T5. Color and vestiture: Abdomen almost completely shiny black, except slight marks of microtrichia. Male terminalia (Figs. 47, 58, 69): Epandrium in ventral view rather square-shaped, broadened dorsoventrally; ventral concavity narrow, with posterior depression; subepandrial sclerite anteriorly broadened and extended beyond margin of epandrium; lateral surstylus apically and posteriorly rounded, strongly curved mesally; medial surstylus elongated, rather distinguishable (mostly visible in ventral view). Terminal filaments equally long, shorter than distiphallus. Female terminalia (Fig. 83): 2 spermathecae present; spermatheca short ovoid, with short blunt protuberances. Cylindrical inner structure more than half as long as spermatheca. Ratios: Male: T3/T4: 1.00– 1.17; T4/T5: 0.44–0.57; T3+4/T5: 0.96–1.13; epandrium: 0.56–0.60; preglans: 1.14–2.13; glans: 1.61–2.06; preglans/glans: 0.43–0.57; acrophallus/preglans+glans: 5.73–7.48; distiphallus/preglans+glans: 10.19–10.73. Female: T3/T4: 1.05–1.21; T4/T5: 0.88–1.06; T3+4/T5: 1.79–2.11; aculeus: 5.33–8.86; cercal unit: 2.67–3.33; cercal unit/aculeus: 0.16–0.20.</p><p>Measurements (mm). Body length: 4.3–6.2; wing length: 4.4–4.9.</p><p>Material examined. ISRAEL: Har Hermon (' Hermon', or ' Mt. Hermon'): 1300m, 22.v.1973, AF (13Ƌ, 21♀) ; 1400m: 8.vi.1975, M. Kaplan (1♀); 9.vi.1976, D. Simon (1Ƌ, 1♀); 15.vi.2011, AF (1Ƌ); 21.vi.1971, J. Kugler (1♀); 1500m: 6.v. [19]75, D. Simon (2♀); 33°17.7’N 35°45.6'E, 17.v.2011, L. Bodner (3Ƌ, 1♀); 18.v.1976, D. Simon (4Ƌ, 2♀); 21.v.1979, D. Furth (2♀); 18.v.1976, D. Simon (4Ƌ, 2♀); 23.v.1978, AF (3♀); 10.vi. [19]83, I. Nussbaum (1♀); 1400–1600m: 23.v.1978, J. Kugler (1♀); 24.v. [19]83, I. Yarom (1♀); 1400–1650m, 18.v.1976, AF (2Ƌ, 2♀); 1500–1600m, 33°18’N 35°46'E, 6.vi.2002, L. Friedman (1Ƌ); 1500–1700m, 24.v.2012, L. Bodner (4Ƌ, 5♀); 1600m: 14.v.1981, AF (2Ƌ, 1♀); 16.v.1995, I. Yarom (1Ƌ, 1♀); 33°18.3’N 35°46.2'E, 17.v.2011, AF (1Ƌ, 1♀); 18.v.2009, AF (1Ƌ, 1♀); 19.v. [19]83, I. Yarom (3Ƌ, 7♀), F. Kaplan (4Ƌ, 4♀); 20.v.1986, G. Eldar (1Ƌ); 20.v.1997, I. Yarom (1♀); 23.v.1998, AF (3Ƌ, 2♀); 33°18.1’N 35°46.2'E, 24.v.2010, AF (7Ƌ), E. Morgulis (2Ƌ, 1♀); 27.v.2003, L. Friedman (1Ƌ); 29.v.2000, I. Yarom (3Ƌ); 9.vi. [19]83, I. Yarom (3Ƌ, 2♀); 12.vi.2003, AF (1Ƌ); 14.vi, 15.vi.2003, E. Morgulis (13Ƌ, 6♀); 17.vi.1999, AF (1Ƌ); 2.viii.1986, G. Eldar (1♀); 8.viii.1984, I. Nussbaum (1Ƌ); 1650m: 5.v.1979, D. Furth (2Ƌ); 6.v.1975, J. Kugler (3Ƌ); 17.v.2000, AF (1♀); 22.v.1973, AF (1Ƌ, 2♀); 9.vi.1975, AF (2Ƌ); 19.v.1981, T. Furman (4Ƌ, 2♀); Har Dov, Karst, 1380m, 33°18.6’N 35°43.2'E, 25.v.2010, AF (1♀); Har Dov, 8.vi. [19]83, AF (2♀); Panyas, 16.iv.1992, AF (1Ƌ); Sasa, 18.iv.1981, AF (1♀); Rihaniya: 22.v.1998, AF (3Ƌ), 16.iv.1992, AF (1Ƌ); Meron (' Har / Mt. Meron', or ' Meiron') : 11.iv.1974, AF (2Ƌ), 1100m, 30.iv.1981, AF (1♀), F. Kaplan (1♀), 7.v.1969, AF (1♀), 17.v.1976, AF (1Ƌ), 20.v.1972, AF (3♀), 900m, 28.v.1981, AF (1Ƌ); Nahal Admoniyot, 18.v. [19]67, J. Plotkin (1Ƌ); Haifa [Haifa], 30.v [May].1980, AF (3Ƌ, 1♀); Karmel woods, 21.iv.1954, Coll. Lewenwirt, I. Hadassim (1♀); Karmel [Carmel], 22.iv.1973, AF (23Ƌ, 13♀); Yagur [Jagur], 27.ix.1963, J. Kugler (1♀); Nesher, 2.iv.1975, F. Kaplan (1Ƌ); Nahal Oren, 200m, 11.v.1995, AF (1♀); Zikhron Ya'aqov: 1.iv.1998, AF (1Ƌ), [Zikron Ya'akov], 30.iv.1981, AF (1♀), 1.v.1998, AF (1Ƌ); Ramat [-] Hadassa, 19.iv.1956, J. Kugler (1Ƌ); Zomet Ha'Amaqim (Jalame), 18–22.v.1993, AF (1Ƌ); Yaqqir [Yakir], 4.iv.1981, AF (3Ƌ, 6♀), F. Kaplan (1Ƌ, 1♀); Pedu'el, Deir Qala', 27.iii.2013, L. Friedman (1Ƌ); Park Canada, 29.iii.1992, AF (1♀); Latrun, 29.iii.1973, D. Furth (1♀); Beit Jimal, 3.iv.1988, I. Yarom (1♀); Mishmar Dawid, 31°49’N 34°35'E, 13.iii.2010, W. Kuslitzky (1♀).</p><p>Type locality. " Kaukasus, Kusari " (Azerbaijan).</p><p>Distribution. Azerbaijan, Turkey and Israel.</p><p>Distribution in Israel. Mt. Hermon, Golan Heights, Upper Galilee, Carmel Ridge, Samaria, Yizre'el Valley, Foothills of Judea and Judean Hills.</p><p>Adult activity in Israel. April to June.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5B5D6028E17ED87DFF7205E1FDD1FA35	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bodner, L.;Freidberg, A.	Bodner, L., Freidberg, A. (2016): Taxonomy and immature stages of the Platystomatidae (Diptera: Tephritoidea) of Israel. Zootaxa 4171 (2): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4171.2.1
5B5D6028E17FD870FF720341FE3BFD3E.text	5B5D6028E17FD870FF720341FE3BFD3E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platystoma pubescens Loew 1845	<div><p>Platystoma pubescens Loew, 1845</p><p>(Figs. 15, 26, 37, 48, 59, 70, 84)</p><p>Platystoma pubescens Loew, 1845: 36 .</p><p>Selected references: Hendel, 1913: 95 (monograph of Platystoma); Hennig, 1945: 27 (palaearctic Platystomatidae); Mesci &amp; Hasbenli, 2015: 807 ( Platystoma fauna of Turkey).</p><p>Diagnosis. Within the Israeli fauna, this species is similar to Platystoma dalia n. sp., but is readily distinguished from it by the following characters: T5 of the male 1.25–1.85 times as long as T4 and shorter than T4 and T3 combined, as opposed to 4.69–6.90 times as long as T4 and conspicuously longer than T4 and T3 combined; T4 of the female 0.76–0.92 times as long as T3, as opposed to 1.26–1.52 times as long as T3; ventral half of face medially with narrow stripe of microtrichia, as opposed to broad area of microtrichia; two spermathecae present, as opposed to three.</p><p>Redescription. Head (Figs. 15, 26): Color and vestiture: Head mostly reddish-brown to dark brown, with pale brown areas. Frons microtrichose medially, at orbits and around bases of orbital and vertical setae. Ocellar triangle delimited by thin yellowish line of microtrichia. Lunule orange-brown to dark brown, sometimes yellowish brown dorsally, with yellowish median line of microtrichia. Antenna mostly brown to dark brown, densely microtrichose (less pronounced in certain angles); pedicel yellowish anterodorsally. Face: dorsal 0.5 microtrichose excluding shiny black areas at antennal groove and between pedicels; ventral 0.5 mostly shiny black with yellowish to dark brown areas sublaterally, and with narrow median line of microtrichia. Clypeus blackish with microtrichose spots: 1 (pair) dorsomedially, 1 (pair) dorsolaterally, 1 (pair) ventrolaterally, and 1 broad spot ventromedially. Palpus dark brown to black with yellowish base. Chaetotaxy: 2 (pairs) orbital setae and 1 (pair) postocellar seta present. Lunule setulose. Postgena yellowish to pale brown setulose, with long setulae anteroventrally, and shorter thinner setulae posteriorly. Occiput setulose as postgena posteriorly. Ratios: Head: 1.36–1.62; frons anterior: 1.31–1.77; frons posterior: 1.31–1.68; ocellar triangle/frons: 0.30–0.45; eye: 1.88–2.22; 1st flagellomere: 1.33–2.33; gena/eye: 0.24– 0.32; parafacial/gena: 0.13–0.19; posterior orbital/anterior orbital: 1.29–2.67; medial vertical/lateral vertical: 1.03– 1.21; posterior orbital/medial vertical: 0.45–0.82; ocellar/medial vertical: 0.41–0.58; postocellar/medial vertical: 0.30–0.48; ocellar/ocellar triangle: 1.00–1.62.</p><p>Thorax: Color and vestiture: Thorax metallic black, inconspicuously grayish microtrichose. Scutum with 3 or 5 microtrichia stripes. Postpronotal lobe ground color usually black, sometimes reddish posteriorly. Posterior corner of postpronotal lobe and median articulation of anepisternum and katepisternum, shiny pale brown, or reddish. Scutellum microtrichose marginally excluding setae bases, sometimes with large microtrichose spot anteromedially. Subscutellum bronze or black metallic, inconspicuously microtrichose. Anepisternum with homogenous reticulated pattern of microtrichia. Katepisternum without microtrichia, except wide microtrichose stripe dorsally. Chaetotaxy: Postpronotal lobe with 1 (rarely 2) seta, and with yellowish setulae anteriorly and black setulae posteriorly. Presutural supra-alar seta either setula-like, or absent. Postsutural supra-alar seta present. 3 (rarely 4) pairs of scutellar setae present. Anepisternum with short brown setulae. Katepisternum mostly moderately long, yellowish to pale brown setulose, with longer setulae ventrally (several of which thick and setalike). Ratios: Scutum: 0.84–0.97; presutural supra-alar/intra-alar: 0.31–0.34; postsutural supra-alar/intra-alar: 0.39–0.61; postalar/intra-alar: 1.02–1.29.</p><p>Legs: Color and vestiture: Leg type dark. Tarsi with yellowish areas as in genus. Coxae dorsally with fine microtrichia. Femora inconspicuously microtrichose. Chaetotaxy: Coxae anterodorsally and ventrally with mixed white and black setulae. Trochanters ventrally with brown setulae. Femora pale brown to blackish setulose: fore femur with anterodorsally short and posteroventrally long setulae; mid and hind femora mostly short setulose, with long setulae posterodistally and ventrally. Hind metatarsus and 2nd tarsomere with yellowish setulae ventrally.</p><p>Wing (Fig. 37): Pattern: Reticulate, with small to medium-size hyaline spots scattered more or less uniformly on proximal 0.5 of wing and non-uniformly on distal 0.5, forming 2 spotted bands; larger such spots mostly around periphery of wing. Combined area of hyaline spots less than combined area of pigmented pattern. Pattern with more or less discrete transverse dark bands extending from costa to hind margin of wing: 1 band from distal edge of pterostigma, aligned with crossvein R-M and nearly extending to crossvein DM-Cu, ending in the middle of posterior margin of cell cu1; 3 somewhat oblique bands beyond level of crossvein DM-Cu: Proximal two merged in cell r4+5; apical band C-shaped. Costal cell subhyaline to hyaline with 3–4 large, partially merged, dark spots. Venation: Veins generally pale to dark brown; axillary sclerites, stem vein and base of costa from proximal edge to costagial break, dark brown. Vein M ends slightly posterior to wing tip. Dorsal calypter slightly narrower than ventral calypter, with conspicuously longer fringes. Halter base and stem yellowish to pale brown, knob dark brown. Chaetotaxy: Base of costa near costagial break, with ventral seta. Tegula with moderately long setulae and setae. Ratios: Wing: 2.54–2.80.</p><p>Abdomen: Structure: Male T4 slightly shorter than T3 (or about as long) and shorter than T5. Female T4 slightly longer than T3 or T5. Color and vestiture: Abdomen mostly shiny black, with microtrichia scattered mostly over distal 0.5 of T5 and sparsely over T4. Male terminalia (Figs. 48, 59, 70): Epandrium broad and robust; ventral concavity narrow and deep; subepandrial sclerite anteriorly broadened, mostly enclosed by epandrium laterally, except slightly exposed anterior apex; lateral surstylus bulbous, strongly curved mesally; medial surstylus ambiguous. Terminal filaments equally long, and shorter than distiphallus. Female terminalia (Fig. 84): 2 spermathecae present; spermatheca short ovoid, more or less smooth. Ratios: Male: T3/T4: 0.81–1.18; T4/T5: 0.54–0.80; T3+4/T5: 1.14–1.26; epandrium: 0.64–0.74; preglans: 1.00–1.38; glans: 1.82–2.00; preglans/glans: 0.39–0.43; acrophallus/preglans+glans: 3.71–4.90; distiphallus/preglans+glans: 6.89–8.97. Female: T3/T4: 1.06– 1.24; T4/T5: 1.06–1.31; T3+4/T5: 2.38–2.85; aculeus: 4.67–5.00; cercal unit: 2.20–2.88; cercal unit/aculeus: 0.21– 0.23.</p><p>Measurements (mm). Body length: 3.20–5.50; wing length: 3.10–3.90.</p><p>Material examined. ISRAEL: Avivim, 18.iv.1981, AF (2Ƌ, 1♀); Sasa, 18.iv.1981, AF (5Ƌ, 10♀); Hurfeish, 7.iv.1987, Y. Zvik, on Phlomis viscosa, (1♀), I. Nussbaum (1Ƌ); Rihaniya, 16.iv.1992, AF (1Ƌ); Hanita, 6.iii. [19]78, Y. Hadar (1♀); Yir'on, 17.iv.2000, AF (13Ƌ, 3♀); Meron (' Har / Mt. Meron', or ' <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.411667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.995" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.411667/lat 32.995)">Meiron'</a>): 1100m, 32°59.7'N 35°24.7'E , 14.iv.2011, L. Bodner (1♀), [ Jermak] , 16.iv. [19]63, Margalit (1Ƌ), 950m, 18.iv.1984, I. Nussbaum (1♀), 20.iv.1972, AF (3Ƌ, 1♀), [<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.433334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.433334/lat 32.983334)">Har Meron Reserve</a>], ' En Zeved, 32°59'N 35°26'E , 24.iv.2002, AF (3Ƌ, 4♀), L. Friedman (2♀), [<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.4/lat 32.983334)">Meron Reserve</a>], Bet haYa'aran, 1100m, 32°59'N 35°24'E , 25.iv.2002, AF (1Ƌ), 1100m, 27.iv. [19]84, I. Yarom (1♀), 1100m, 30.iv.1981, AF (6Ƌ, 2♀), F. Kaplan (1Ƌ, 1♀), [ Jermak] , 1.v. [19]66, J. Kugler (1♀), 7.v.1967, J. Kugler (1♀), 14.v.1974, AF (1Ƌ); Montfort, 10.iv.1993, AF (1Ƌ); Zefat, 3.iv.1971, AF (5Ƌ, 3♀); Nahal Qetalav, 26.iv.2012, L. Friedman (1♀); Qazrin, 9.iv.1987, I. Nussbaum (1♀); Kefar Shamay, 5.v.1987, F. Kaplan (1♀); 'En Zetim, 33°00'N 35°29'E, 8.v.2007, AF (1Ƌ); N[ahal] Dishon: 14.iv. [19]83, I. Zvik (2Ƌ, 3♀), 25.iv.1974, D. Furth (1Ƌ); N[ahal] 'Ammud: 17.iii.1973, D. Furth (1Ƌ), 18.iii.1974, M. Kaplan (1♀), 31.iii. [19]82, I. Nussbaum (1Ƌ, 2♀); 'En Pelugot, 16.iv.1973, D. Furth (1Ƌ, 3♀); Gilboa, Har Avinadav, 20.iii.2012, L. Bodner (4Ƌ); Qoranit, 32°51'N 35°16'E, 1.v.2007, Ben-Mordechai, Malaise Trap, (1♀); Yagur [Jagur], 22.iii.1956, J. Kugler (1Ƌ); Haifa [Haifa]: 15.ii.1970, AF (2Ƌ, 1♀), 26.ii.1977, AF (1Ƌ), 7.iii.1969, AF (1Ƌ), 7.iii.1981, AF (1♀), 14.iii.1970, AF (5Ƌ, 4♀), 30.iii.1968, AF (1♀), 1.iv.1972, AF (1♀); Karmel [Carmel]: 14.ii.1976, AF (4Ƌ, 5♀), 6.iii.1971, AF (11Ƌ, 4♀), 12.iii. [19]86, C. O'Toole (1♀), 24.iii.1973, AF (2Ƌ); Nahal Oren [N. Oren]: 4.iii.1975, F. Kaplan (2Ƌ), 9.iii.2012, AF (2Ƌ, 3♀); 'En [Ein] Hod, 30.iii.1982, I. Yarom (1Ƌ, 2♀); Zikhron Ya'aqov, 1.iv.1998, AF (1♀); Nahal 'Iron [W. Ara]: 2.iii.1978, AF (2Ƌ, 3♀); 19.iii.1974, AF (1♀); 23.iii.1973, D. Furth (1♀); Ramat Dawid, 14.iii.1981, T. Furman (1Ƌ); Umm Zuqa Nature Reserve, Rt. 5788, 18.iii.2008, L. Friedman (1Ƌ); Anabta, 25.iv.1981, AF (1Ƌ); Kokhav Ya'ir, 32°14'N 34°59'E, 21.iii.2011, AF (1♀); Yarhiv [Yarhiv], 24.iii. [19]83, AF (6Ƌ, 7♀), I. Yarom (3Ƌ, 2♀); Qedumim, 8.iii.2013, L. Friedman (1Ƌ); 27.iii.2005, L. Friedman (2♀); 9.iv.2012, L. Friedman (2♀); Har Gerizim, 881m, 4.iv.2013, L. Friedman (1Ƌ, 1♀); Yizhar, Salman Farsi Nat. Res., 881m, 4.iv.2013, L. Friedman (1Ƌ, 1♀); Yaqqir [Yakir], 4.iv.1981, AF (4Ƌ, 10♀), F. Kaplan (1Ƌ); Rosh ha'Ayin, 31.iii.2006, W. Kuslitzky (3♀); Park Rosh ha'Ayin, 16.iv.1993, AF &amp; F. Kaplan (6Ƌ, 5♀); Migdal Afeq [Zedek], 23.iii.1984, I. Nussbaum (2Ƌ); 24.iii. [19]83, I. Nussbaum (1Ƌ); Nahshonim, 20.iii. [19]84, AF (1Ƌ); Zomet Rantis [Rantis Junction], near Nahshonim, 13.iv.1999, AF (1Ƌ, 3♀); Pedu'el, Deir Qala', 27.iii.2013, L. Friedman (8Ƌ, 2♀); Shilo, Nahal Shilo, 10.iv.2012, L. Friedman (19Ƌ, 13♀); Dolev-Talmon, Nahal Dolvim, 8.iv.2012, L. Friedman (7Ƌ, 4♀); Shoham: 2.iii.2004, I. Zonstein (1Ƌ), 15.iii.2013, L. Friedman (3Ƌ, 1♀), 18.iii.2005, S. Gal &amp; N. Feuerstein (1Ƌ), 18.iii.2011, L. Bodner (3Ƌ, 1♀), 22.iii.2012, L. Friedman (1Ƌ), 32°00'N 34°57'E, 30.iii.2012, A. Danilevsky (1♀), 31.iii.2006, L. Friedman (5Ƌ); Bet Nehemya [Beit Nehemia], 6.iv.1984, I. Nussbaum (4Ƌ, 2♀); Mishmar Dawid: 31°49'N 34°54'E, 3.iv.2009, W. Kuslitzky (1Ƌ), 3.iv.2010, W. Kuslitzky (1Ƌ), 9.iv.2009, W. Kuslitzky (1Ƌ, 1♀); Latrun: 10.iii.2004, AF (1Ƌ), 29.iii.1973, D. Furth (2♀); Park Canada, 29.iii.1992, AF (8Ƌ, 4♀); Qidron, 1.iv. [19]83, (1♀); Bet Shemesh: 24.iii. [19]83, I. Yarom (4Ƌ), AF (2Ƌ, 1♀), 30.iii.2004, I. Zonstein (1Ƌ), 26.iv.1973, D. Furth (2Ƌ, 1♀); 'Emeq haEla: 31°41'N 34°58'E, 4.iv.2007, AF (2Ƌ), [Emeq Haela], 10.iv.2006, A. Abada (1♀); 12.iv.2009, AF (1Ƌ); Zekharya [Zecharia/Kefar Zecharia], 26.iii.1978, AF (1Ƌ), 3.iv.1988, I. Yarom (1♀), 18.iv.1984, I. Yarom (1Ƌ, 1♀); Etanim [Eitanim], 8.iv.1985, I. Nussbaum (6Ƌ, 3♀); Matta', 18.iii.2007, L. Friedman (2♀); Har Tayyasim, 740m, 31°46.3'N 35°05.1'E, 27.iii.2011, E. Morgulis (2Ƌ, 1♀), AF (3Ƌ), L. Friedman (1Ƌ, 2♀); Yerushalayim: Me Neftoah, 640m, 31°47.9'N 35°11.7'E, 27.iii.2011, AF (5Ƌ, 2♀), L. Friedman (2Ƌ), [Jerusalem], 20.iv. [19]57, M. Ginsburg (1♀), Har haZofim [ Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem, Palestine] , 20.iv. [19]30, O. Theodor (2Ƌ); Qiryat [Q.] 'Anavim, 17.iv.1974, D. Furth (2Ƌ); Nahal Kefira [Vadi Kabala, Judaean highlands, Palestine], 30.iv. [19]47, Com. Inst. Ent. Coll. No.12720, (1♀), [ Platystoma pubescens Loew, Det. R. W. Crosskey]; Q[K]iryat Gat, 19.iv.1977, AF (1Ƌ); Bet [Beit] Guvrin, 24.iii. [19]83, I. Yarom (1♀), 24.iii.1976, AF (1♀), 29.iii.1992, AF (9Ƌ, 7♀), 31.iii.1975, AF (9Ƌ, 7♀), F. Kaplan (2Ƌ), 31.iii.1981, AF (2Ƌ, 5♀); Nahal Hever [N.Chever], 14.iii.1975, J. Kugler (1Ƌ). European specimens: Hungary: Budapest, Kertész, Platystoma pubescens Lw., det. À. Soós, 1977 (1Ƌ) ; Budapest, Farkasvölgy, 28– 29.iv.1957, leg. Mihàlyi, Platystoma pubescens Lw., det. À. Soós, 1976 (1♀) ; Rimaszombat, Szabé 1914, Platystoma pubescens Lw., det. À. Soós, 1977 (1Ƌ); Tihany , 6–11.v.1957, leg. Mihàlyi &amp; Zsirko, keletl part, Platystoma pubescens Lw., det. À. Soós, 1976 (1♀); Austria: Bisaniberg, 18.v. [18]84, [ Platystoma] pubescens det.</p><p>Mik, received 1986, Tel Aviv University (1Ƌ); Cyprus:. ii.1936, Platystoma pubescens, det. L. Czerny, received 1986, Tel Aviv University (1Ƌ, 2♀) .</p><p>Type locality. Rhodes (Greece).</p><p>Distribution. Southeastern Europe and Eastern Mediterranean: Greece (Rhodes), Austria, Italy, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Cyprus and Israel.</p><p>Distribution in Israel. Galilee, Carmel Ridge, Central Coastal Plain, Foothills of Judea, Judean Hills, Samaria, Jordan Valley and Judean Desert.</p><p>Adult activity in Israel. February to May.</p><p>Comments. The specimens from Israel of this species generally matched Platystoma pubescens in Hennig's key (1945) when ignoring couplet 1, in which Hennig obviously erred in his count of the supra-alar setae. There was also a difficulty in couplet 45 regarding the tergite ratio of the male (T5 3–5 times as long as T4). The Israeli specimens, however, differ from Hennig's redescription (1945) and from specimens from the type country by the tergite ratio. Specimens of P. pubescens from Europe showed a certain variability between the localities: specimens from countries closer to Israel (i.e., Cyprus) resembled the Israeli specimens more closely than those from more distant regions of Europe (i.e., Hungary and Austria). Despite the uncertainty regarding the identification and taxonomic position of these European specimens, we nonetheless consider that the Israeli specimens are, in fact, Platystoma pubescens .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5B5D6028E17FD870FF720341FE3BFD3E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bodner, L.;Freidberg, A.	Bodner, L., Freidberg, A. (2016): Taxonomy and immature stages of the Platystomatidae (Diptera: Tephritoidea) of Israel. Zootaxa 4171 (2): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4171.2.1
5B5D6028E172D876FF720640FA21FA92.text	5B5D6028E172D876FF720640FA21FA92.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platystoma torridum	<div><p>Platystoma torridum n. sp.</p><p>(Figs. 16, 27, 38, 49, 60, 71, 85, 88–94, 98)</p><p>Diagnosis. The specimens of this species were compared to Hendel’s (1913) original description of Platystoma curvinerve (described from Turkmenistan), topotypical specimens of that species, and to Hennig (1945), the most modern key to species of Platystoma (Hennig's redescription of P. curvinerve is practically a repetition of Hendel's description). P. torridum greatly resembles P. curvinerve, differing from it in the following characters: ground color of thorax black, rather than notopleuron area orange to red, and densely microtrichose, as opposed to shiny; scutum and scutellum heavily microtrichose without blackish-green reflection; all the pleura punctured as well as microtrichose, as opposed to just the anepisternum; abdomen conspicuously microtrichose, not shiny; ventral half of face shiny black, lacking median line of microtrichia, not reddish-yellow; gena height less rather than more than a quarter of the eye height.</p><p>Description. Head (Figs. 16, 27): Color and vestiture: Head mostly yellow with yellowish-brown to dark brown areas. Median occipital sclerite orange to reddish with fine microtrichia. Frons microtrichose mostly laterally, with orange to brown dots around bases of setulae. Ocellar triangle delimited by dense silvery-white microtrichia. Lunule yellow to orange with yellowish median line of microtrichia. Scape and pedicel yellow to orange, 1st flagellomere yellow to orange with blackish area on dorsal margin. Antenna almost entirely microtrichose except inner pedicel. Face: dorsal 0.5 yellowish brown with dense gray microtrichia; ventral 0.5 shiny black medially and yellowish to orange lateroventrally, without microtrichia. Clypeus with 1 (pair) oval dorsomedial spot, 1 (pair) narrow lateral band, and single narrow band of microtrichia medioventrally. Chaetotaxy: 1 (pair) orbital (posterior) and 1 (pair) postocellar seta present. Lunule bare, rarely with thin white setulae. Postgena with yellowish-white setulae. Occiput bare. Ratios: Head: 1.26–1.38; frons anterior: 1.19–1.38; frons posterior: 1.16–1.31; ocellar triangle/frons: 0.19–0.31; eye: 1.75–2.25; 1st flagellomere: 1.75–2.67; gena/eye: 0.18– 0.24; parafacial/gena: 0.14–0.21; medial vertical/lateral vertical: 0.96–1.48; posterior orbital/medial vertical: 0.21– 0.63; ocellar/medial vertical: 0.22–0.42; ocellar/ocellar triangle: 0.50–0.94; postocellar/medial vertical: 0.23–0.28.</p><p>Thorax: Color and vestiture: Ground color black, with dense gray microtrichia. Scutum with 3 microtrichose stripes. Posterior corner of postpronotal lobe and median articulation of anepisternum and katepisternum shiny yellow without microtrichia. Scutellum microtrichose; more pronounce at posterior margin, around basal scutellar setae and in thin median longitudinal line. Subscutellum and mediotergite black with grayish microtrichia. Proepisternum and anterior anepisternum with dense white microtrichia. Other pleura with reticulate pattern of microtrichia. Chaetotaxy: Postpronotal lobe with 0–2 setae, and with anteriorly yellowish and posteriorly brown setulae. Presutural supra-alar seta absent. Postsutural supra-alar seta present. Anepisternum with short setulae. Katepisternum with yellowish-white to orange setulae. Ratios: Scutum: 1.00–1.19; postsutural supra-alar/intraalar: 0.62–0.84; postalar/intra-alar: 0.97–1.44.</p><p>Legs: Color and vestiture: Leg type pale; generally yellow. Fore tarsus brown. Fore coxa microtrichose, mid and hind coxae mostly shiny yellow, sometimes with fine, inconspicuous microtrichia. Chaetotaxy: Fore coxa anterodorsally setulose, mid and hind coxae ventrally setulose; fore coxa with short, yellowish-white to brown setulae proximally, and with long dark brown setulae distally; mid coxa predominantly with long dark brown setae and setulae; hind coxa with thin, moderately long, yellowish-white setulae. Trochanters with mixed yellowishwhite and dark brown setulae. Femora mostly short dark brown setulose, with long yellowish to pale brown setulae ventrally. Fore and hind tibiae with 1–2 short spines.</p><p>Wing (Fig. 38): Pattern: Generally pale grayish-brown, more or less uniformly reticulate. Combined area of hyaline spots greater than combined area of pigmented pattern. 5–7 more conspicuous costal dark spots over pterostigma, cells r1 and r2+3. Costal cell hyaline with 3–5 separate dark spots. Venation: Veins and sclerites mostly yellow or yellowish-brown. Costa entirely yellow. Vein M ends distinctly anterior to wing tip. Dorsal calypter slightly wider and shorter than ventral calypter. Dorsal calypter margins with brownish fringes. Halter base and knob yellowish-orange, stem yellowish-white. Chaetotaxy: Base of costa near costagial break, ventrally with moderately long seta. Ratios: Wing: 2.40–2.65.</p><p>Abdomen: Structure: Male T4 slightly shorter than T3 (or about as long) and about half as long as T5. Female T4 about as long as T3 or T5. Color and vestiture: Abdomen densely and uniformly microtrichose. Male terminalia (Figs. 49, 60, 71): Epandrium in ventral view square-shaped, in lateral view narrow and L-shaped; ventral concavity wide and deep; subepandrial sclerite narrow, posteroventrally exposed in lateral view; lateral surstylus short and narrow, mesally concave, anterodorsally fused to epandrium; medial surstylus indistinct; prensisetae in ventral view fully exposed. Terminal filaments equally long, conspicuously shorter than distiphallus. Female terminalia (Fig. 85): 3 spermathecae present, 2 connected by short common duct attached to sclerotic ring; spermatheca spherical and tuberculate, with bell-shaped base and cone-shaped inner structure. Ratios: Male: T3/ T4: 1.00–1.29; T4/T5: 0.56–0.80; T3+4/T5: 1.28–1.60; epandrium: 0.61–0.68; preglans: 1.14–1.33; glans: 2.14– 2.38; preglans/glans: 0.31–0.36; acrophallus/preglans+glans: 2.6 1–2.90; distiphallus/preglans+glans: 5.54–6.17. Female: T3/T4: 1.00–1.17; T4/T5: 1.00–1.29; T3+4/T5: 2.00–2.59; aculeus: 5.92–6.08; cercal unit: 2.48–3.00; cercal unit/aculeus: 0.33–0.36.</p><p>Measurements (mm). Body length: 4.50–7.30; wing length: 4.10–4.80.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype: Ƌ, ISRAEL, Har Horesha, 900–1000m, 18.iv.1998, A. Freidberg . Paratypes: same collection data as holotype (30Ƌ, 5♀); additional paratypes (all from Israel): ' Arad (or Arad): 16.iv.1997, AF, in dung (1Ƌ), 21.iv.1981, AF (19Ƌ, 7♀), F. Kaplan (10Ƌ, 6♀); Zomet Haluqim, 5KmNW, 14.iv.2003, AF (2Ƌ), L. Friedman (1Ƌ, 1♀); Nahal Ye'elim (or Nahal Ye'elim, nr. ' Arad) : 6.iv.1988, F. Kaplan (2Ƌ), 8.iv.2012, AF (7Ƌ, 1♀), 8.iv.1996, AF (1♀), 8.iv.1998, AF (2Ƌ, 2♀), 12.iv.1990, AF (3Ƌ, 4♀), 12.iv.2012, L. Bodner (6Ƌ, 3♀), 21.iv.1992, AF (1Ƌ), [Top Yaalim], 21.iv. [19]92, Guy B. (1♀), 21.iv.2005, AF (3Ƌ), 21.iv.2005, L. Friedman (1Ƌ), 23.iv.2012, AF (6Ƌ, 1♀), [N.Ye'elim], 2–3 Km E. ' Arad: 28.iv.1986, AF (11Ƌ, 1♀), 19.iv.1995, AF (8Ƌ, 1♀), 22.iv.1987, AF (2Ƌ, 1♀), 30.iv.1987, AF (3Ƌ, 1♀); Nizzana, Northern Negev, 25.iv.2002, [PPIS, Trap] (3Ƌ); ' En [Ein] Mor, 2KmW, 22.iv.1986, AF (1♀) ; ' En Mor, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=34.776665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.845" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 34.776665/lat 30.845)">Nahal Hawarim</a>, 30°50.7'N 34°46.6'E, 4.iv.2010, E. Morgulis (1♀) ; Nahal Nizzana: Rt. 171, 750m, 2.iv.2014, AF (16Ƌ, 4♀), 21.iv.1982, I. Rubin (1Ƌ); Har Hemet, nr. Makhtesh Ramon, 14.iv.1992, AF (1♀) ; Har Horesha (' Rosh Horesha', or ' HarHoresha'), Rt.171: 930m, 2.iv.2014, AF (1♀) , 30°36'N 34°31'E, 6.iv.2005, AF (8Ƌ, 3♀), L. Friedman (1♀), 925m, 30o30.032'N 34o35.450'E, 26.iv.2012, L. Bodner (2Ƌ, 2♀), 935m, 30°30'N 34°36'E, 26.iv.2012, AF (1♀); Nahal Eshharim [Esh-harim], West side of Ramon Crater, 950m, 30o30.03'N 34o35.45'E, 2.v.1995, M. E. Irwing (1♀); Nahal Eshharim, 2.v.1995, I. Yarom, Malaise trap (1♀) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=34.583332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 34.583332/lat 30.5)">Har Harif</a>: 30o30'N 34o35'E, 11.iv.2002, AF (2Ƌ, 1♀), Rt. 10 N junction , 30o30'N 34o35'E, 11.iv.2002, L. Friedman (2Ƌ), Rt. 171, 900m, 29.vi.1994, AF (1Ƌ, 1♀); Borot Loz, 5 Km E, 6.iv.2005, AF (13Ƌ, 7♀), L. Friedman (7Ƌ, 2♀) ; Nahal Loz, Har Ramon, 900m, 14.iv.1992, AF (13Ƌ, 11♀) ; Har Ramon, 4.vi.1992, AF &amp; F. Kaplan (1Ƌ).</p><p>The holotype (Fig. 98) is double-mounted (minutien pin and polyporus block), in excellent condition, and deposited at the SMNHTAU. Most paratypes are deposited at the SMNHTAU; some paratypes will be deposited at the museums listed in the Material and Methods section.</p><p>Distribution. Israel.</p><p>Distribution in Israel. Judean Desert, Northern and Central Negev.</p><p>Adult activity in Israel. April to June.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named " torridum " (Latin: "dry and parched"), as in Israel it is the only species of the Platystomatidae that inhabits and is restricted to the desert region.</p><p>Biology and Ecology. This is the only species of Platystomatidae that is restricted to desert areas. Adults were nearly always collected on large shrubs of Retama raetam (Fabaceae) . However, they have never been reared from this plant. Moreover, since our life-history study showed that the larvae are saprophagous (see below), we speculate that the adults spend time on this plant for shelter and food in the form of nectar and honey-due. Adults have also been observed feeding on mammal dung, probably as a proteinaceous supplement to their diet.</p><p>Life cycle. Oviposition: Females were observed ovipositing in crevices available in the cage, such as in the aluminum mesh that covered the ventilation openings. The eggs were laid in batches of around 50 (Fig. 88). Rearing: We mainly presented the larvae with various decaying materials, but also fresh root nodules. However, the 1st instar larvae did not appear to feed on these substrates and eventually died. We finally offered the larvae a moist bran-based diet previously developed in our laboratory by Morgulis (2012) and used for Ulidiidae, and this time we were successful in rearing a complete cycle of Platystoma torridum . Duration: Egg incubation 3–5 days; 1st +2nd instar larvae 18–22 days; 3rd instar larva 7–10 days; Pupa 12–17 days; total duration from egg to adult 40– 54 days.</p><p>Description of Immature Stages (Figs. 88–94). Eggs (Fig. 88): Length: 0.92–0.99 mm, width: 0.16–0.18 mm (n=10). Elongate, white, rice-grain-like, with anterior end pointed and posterior end rounded. 1st instar larva: Length: 0.92–0.99 mm, width: 0.16–0.18 mm (n=10). 2nd instar larva: Length: 5.75–6.13 mm, width: 0.75–0.97 mm (n=4). 3rd instar larva (Fig. 90): Length: 13.56–14.04 mm, width: 1.44–1.78 mm (n=4). Body cylindrical, tapering anteriorly and truncate posteriorly. Body surface generally smooth, protuberant only on ventral creeping welts. Cephalopharyngeal skeleton (Fig. 91): Mandible strongly sclerotized, smooth, without accessory tooth; apical tooth sharp, elongate and strongly curved; dental sclerite brownish, weakly sclerotized; hypopharyngeal sclerite elongate, more than 3 times as long as wide; parastomal bar about as long as hypopharyngeal sclerite, narrow, pointed anteriorly; ventral cornua bears window. Anterior spiracle (Fig. 92): Fan-shaped with 1 main branch and 6–7 digits. Posterior spiracle (Figs. 93, 94): Spiracular plates projecting posteriorly from anal plate. Peritrem black, heavily sclerotized and thick, about 0.25 as plate diameter. Spiracular slits about 2 times as long as wide, arranged in radiating pattern at angle of about 120 0. Puparium (Fig. 89): Length: 6.06 mm, width: 2.05 mm (n=1). Puparium brown, barrel shaped with wrinkled surface. Posterior spiracles prominent.</p><p>Overall, the immatures of this species match the descriptions of congeners in previous reports (Ferrar 1987). However, two differences were found in the 3rd instar larva when comparing our species with the description of P. lugubre Robineau-Desvoidy (Hennig, 1945): (1) the anterior spiracle of P. lugubre has 12 digits, while that of P. torridum has only six or seven; (2) according to Hennig, the body length measured in P. lugubre larvae was 16 mm and the body width was 2 mm, while the third instar larvae of P. torridum measured 13.6–14.4 by 1.44–1.78 mm.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5B5D6028E172D876FF720640FA21FA92	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bodner, L.;Freidberg, A.	Bodner, L., Freidberg, A. (2016): Taxonomy and immature stages of the Platystomatidae (Diptera: Tephritoidea) of Israel. Zootaxa 4171 (2): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4171.2.1
5B5D6028E174D874FF7200E1FE8BFB14.text	5B5D6028E174D874FF7200E1FE8BFB14.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platystoma trigonum	<div><p>Platystoma trigonum n. sp.</p><p>(Figs. 17, 28, 39, 50, 61, 72, 86, 99)</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is similar to P. subfasciatum described from Bulgaria (Loew, 1862), differing from it by the following two characters, already used in Hennig's key (1945): (1) ventral half of face completely shiny, lacking the median line of microtrichia (which is present in P. subfasciatum); (2) T5 of the male 3–4 times as long as T3 or T4, as opposed to 1.5 times as long in the latter species. The new species differs from Loew's and Hennig's descriptions of P. subfasciatum mentioned above by three additional characters: (1) the wings illustrated by Hennig (1945) and by Hendel (1913) do not match our specimens, as the pattern of P. subfasciatum is composed of denser and more uniformly scattered hyaline spots, as well as two discrete dark bands on posterior half of wing; (2) ocellar triangle as long as, or slightly longer than frons; and (3) ocellar triangle with short black setulae. This latter character is unique among the local Platystoma species and was not mentioned in the earlier descriptions of P. subfasciatum . We believe that studying specimens of P. subfasciatum from the type locality or around it would unlikely reverse our decision and result in a synonym.</p><p>Description. Head (Figs. 17, 28): Color and vestiture: Head mostly pale to dark brown, sometimes with yellowish-brown areas. Frons microtrichose mostly at orbits and around bases of orbital setae. Ocellar triangle delimited by dense line of yellowish microtrichia. Lunule dark brown to black dorsally, yellow to pale brown ventrally, with yellowish line delimiting scapes and inconspicuous microtrichia medially. Antenna: scape pale to dark brown, pedicel yellowish to orange-brown and 1st flagellomere dark brown, all irregularly microtrichose. Face: dorsal 0.5 brown to blackish with dense gray microtrichia; ventral 0.5 shiny dark brown to black, without microtrichia. Clypeus with 1 (pair) oval dorsomedial spot, 1 (pair) smaller dorsolateral spot, and single band of microtrichia along ventral margin. Palpus brown to black, with yellowish to pale brown base. Chaetotaxy: 2 (pairs) orbital setae present. Postocellar seta absent. Ocellar triangle setulose. Lunule setulose. Postgena with long yellowish setulae. Occiput with similar setulae as postgena, except shorter. Ratios: Head: 1.40–1.56; frons anterior: 1.67–2.00; frons posterior: 1.42–1.83; ocellar triangle/frons: 0.46–0.79; eye: 1.80–2.14; 1st flagellomere: 1.50– 2.14; gena/eye: 0.30–0.38; parafacial/gena: 0.25–0.36; posterior orbital/anterior orbital: 1.33–2.00; medial vertical/ lateral vertical: 0.90–1.10; posterior orbital/medial vertical: 0.54–0.74; ocellar/medial vertical: 0.32–0.42; ocellar/ ocellar triangle: 0.47–0.55.</p><p>Thorax: Color and vestiture: Ground color dark brown to black, covered with yellowish-gray microtrichia. Scutum with 3 or 5 microtrichose stripes. Postpronotal lobe ground color black. Scutellum microtrichose marginally and in median stripe. Subscutellum metallic black with fine microtrichia. Anepisternum and katepisternum with reticulate pattern of microtrichia, excluding shiny black ventral part of katepisternum. Chaetotaxy: Presutural supra-alar seta either conspicuously short or absent. Postsutural supra-alar seta present. Postpronotal lobe with long yellowish-white to brown setulae. Anepisternum mostly short setulose, with longer setulae posteriorly. Katepisternum mostly moderately long, yellowish-white to pale brown setulose, with longer setulae ventrally. Ratios: Scutum: 0.84–0.98; presutural supra-alar/intra-alar: 0.20–0.36; postsutural supra-alar/ intra-alar: 0.53–0.83; postalar/intra-alar: 0.86–1.22.</p><p>Legs: Color and vestiture: Leg type dark. Tarsi with yellowish areas as in genus. Fore coxa with fine microtrichia, mid and hind coxae inconspicuously microtrichose. Chaetotaxy: Coxae anterodorsally and ventrally setulose: fore coax mostly with white setulae, mid and hind coxae with yellowish white to dark brown setulae. Trochanters ventrally with dark brown setulae. Femora black setulose: fore femur with posteriorly long and anteriorly short setulae; mid and hind femora mostly short setulose, with long and thick setulae posterodistally. Hind metatarsus and 2nd tarsomere with yellowish setulae ventrally.</p><p>Wing (Fig. 39): Pattern: Generally non-uniformly reticulate, with small to medium-size sub-hyaline and hyaline spots; combined area of hyaline and subhyaline spots less than combined area of pigmented pattern; larger such spots mostly around periphery of wing; smaller subhyaline spots mostly arranged in two more or less parallel and regular marginal longitudinal rows along cells r2+3, br, r4+5 and dm. Subhyaline spots otherwise irregular or arranged in 1 or several rows. Pattern with more or less discrete transverse dark bands extending from costa to hind margin of wing: 1 band from distal edge of pterostigma, more or less aligned with or slightly beyond level of crossvein R-M and nearly extending to crossvein DM-Cu, ending in the middle of posterior margin of cell cu1; 3 somewhat oblique bands beyond level of crossvein DM-Cu, converging medially towards cell r4+5: Proximal two forming "X" shape; apical band C-shaped. Costal cell subhyaline to hyaline with 4–6 partially merged dark spots. Venation: Veins generally pale brown; axillary sclerites, stem vein and base of costa from proximal edge to costagial break dark brown; rest of costa yellowish to pale brown. Vein M ends slightly posterior to wing tip. Dorsal calypter narrower and shorter than ventral calypter, with conspicuously longer fringes. Halter base and stem yellow, knob dark brown to blackish. Chaetotaxy: Base of costa near costagial break with ventral seta. Ratios: Wing: 2.79–3.00.</p><p>Abdomen: Structure: Male T4 about as long as T3 and about 0.33 times as long as T5. Female T4 slightly longer than T3 or T5. Color and vestiture: Male abdomen densely and uniformly microtrichose. Female abdomen sparsely and irregularly microtrichose, mostly medially over tergites. Male terminalia (Figs. 50, 61, 72): Epandrium laterally rounded, dorsally planate; ventral concavity deep; subepandrial sclerite conspicuously broadened anteriorly and extended beyond anterior margin of epandrium; lateral surstylus posteriorly and laterally rounded, strongly curved mesally; medial surstylus ambiguous. Terminal filaments unequally long, each conspicuously longer than distiphallus. Female terminalia (Fig. 86): 3 spermathecae present; spermatheca shortovoid with thin spiny protuberances. Ratios: Male: T3/T4: 0.85–1.11; T4/T5: 0.26–0.37; T3+4/T5: 0.51–0.71; epandrium: 0.45–0.62; preglans: 1.17–1.40; glans: 1.64–2.43; preglans/glans: 0.31–0.41; acrophallus/ preglans+glans: 6.13–9.10 / 12.25–14.38 (short/long filament); distiphallus/preglans+glans: 4.50–6.43. Female: T3/T4: 1.00–1.32; T4/T5: 1.06–1.19; T3+4/T5: 2.29–2.53; aculeus: 5.20–9.63; cercal unit: 2.90–3.00; cercal unit/ aculeus: 0.17–0.22.</p><p>Measurements (mm). Body length: 3.70–6.20; wing length: 3.60–5.20.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype: Ƌ, ISRAEL, Har Hermon, 1700m, 8.vi.1975, A. Freidberg . Paratypes: same collection data as holotype (16Ƌ, 6♀); additional paratypes (all from Israel, Har Hermon; but sometimes labeled " Mt. Hermon " or " Hermon ", arranged by increasing altitude): 1200m: 24.v. [19]83, I. Nussbaum (1Ƌ, 2♀) ; 9.vi. [19]83, I. Yarom (3Ƌ); 1300m, 22.v.1973, AF (1Ƌ, 1♀); 1400m: 23.v.1978, D. Simon (1Ƌ); 23.v.2012, AF (1Ƌ); 21.vi.1971, J. Kugler (1Ƌ); 1400–1600m, 24.v. [19]83, AF (1Ƌ); 1400–1650m, 18.v.1976, AF (2Ƌ); 1500m: 6.v. [19]75, D. Simon (1♀); 18.v.1976, D. Simon (1Ƌ, 1♀); 23.v.1978, AF (4Ƌ, 3♀); 20.vi. [19]77, M. Broza (1Ƌ, 1♀); 1515m, 33°17.7’N 35°45.6'E, 17.v.2011, L. Bodner (1♀); 1500–1700m, 24.v.2012, L. Bodner (2♀); 1600m: 6.v.1975, F. Kaplan (1♀); 33°18.3’N 35°46.2'E, 17.v.2011, L. Bodner (1♀); 23.v.1998, AF (1♀); 33°18.1’N 35°46.2'E, 24.v.2010, E. Morgulis (1♀); 6.vi.1973, M. Kaplan (1♀); 9.vi.1975, M. Kaplan (2Ƌ, 1♀); 9.vi. [19]83, I. Yarom (1Ƌ); 12.vi.2003, AF (1Ƌ); 22.vi.1971, J. Kugler (1Ƌ, 1♀); 27.vi.1977, J. Kugler (1♀); 6.vii.1987, I. Nussbaum (1Ƌ); 7.vii.1987, AF (1Ƌ), Yoram Zvik (1Ƌ); 8.vii.1987, I. Nussbaum (1Ƌ); 9.vii.1987, I. Nussbaum (1Ƌ, 1♀), F. Kaplan (2Ƌ); 1650m: 6.v.1975, AF (1Ƌ, 2♀), J. Kugler (1Ƌ); 22.v.1973, AF (3Ƌ, 1♀); 9.vi.1975, AF (2Ƌ); 16.vi.1969, J. Kugler (1Ƌ); 22.vi.1973, AF (3Ƌ); 1700m: 9.vi. [19]83, AF (1Ƌ, 2♀); 9.vi. [19]83, I. Nussbaum (3Ƌ); 10.vi. [19]83, I. Nussbaum (5Ƌ, 7♀); 16.vi.1977, AF (11Ƌ, 8♀); 16.vi. [19]77, Z. Feler (2Ƌ); 21.vi.1982, AF (1♀); 22.vi.1973, AF (5Ƌ, 2♀); 28.vi.1971, J. Kugler (2Ƌ, 3♀); 1750m: 8.vi.1975, M. Kaplan (1Ƌ); 22.vi.1973, M. Kaplan (1Ƌ); 1800m: 11.vi.1976, AF (1Ƌ); 11.vi.2003, L. Friedman (1Ƌ); 12.vi.1996, AF (1♀); 1900m, 1.vii.1986, AF (1Ƌ); 2000m: 20.v.1986, AF (2Ƌ, 1♀); 30.v.1979, M. Kaplan (1Ƌ); 2.vi.1985, I. Nussbaum (1♀); 9.vi. [19]83, AF (2♀); 12.vi.1996, AF (1Ƌ, 1♀); 21.vi.1982, AF (1Ƌ); 28.vi.1971, J. Kugler (1♀); 13.viii.1973, AF (1♀); ( No altitude) 19.v. [19]81, I. Yarom (1Ƌ).</p><p>The holotype (Fig. 99) is double-mounted (minutien pin and polyporus block), in excellent condition, and deposited at the SMNHTAU. Most paratypes are deposited at the SMNHTAU; some paratypes will be deposited at the museums listed in the Material and Methods section.</p><p>Distribution. Israel.</p><p>Distribution in Israel. Mt. Hermon.</p><p>Adult activity in Israel. May to July.</p><p>Etymology. We name this species " trigonum " (Latin: "triangular harp"), due to its unique ocellar triangle.</p><p>Comments. As we were unable to obtain comparative material of Platystoma subfasciatum (which appears to be the most similar species), the validity of this new species is based only on comparisons with published descriptions.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5B5D6028E174D874FF7200E1FE8BFB14	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bodner, L.;Freidberg, A.	Bodner, L., Freidberg, A. (2016): Taxonomy and immature stages of the Platystomatidae (Diptera: Tephritoidea) of Israel. Zootaxa 4171 (2): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4171.2.1
5B5D6028E176D875FF720061FE29FE01.text	5B5D6028E176D875FF720061FE29FE01.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rivellia Robineau-Desvoidy 1830	<div><p>Rivellia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830</p><p>Rivellia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 729 . Type species: Rivellia herbarum Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 729 ( Musca syngenesiae Fabricius, 1781) (by subsequent designation of Rondani, 1869).</p><p>Selected references: Hennig, 1945: 6 (palaearctic Platystomatidae); Soós, 1984: 40 (palaearctic catalog); Foote, 1985: 27 (biology of Rivellia pallida Loew); Ferrar, 1987: 478 (breeding habits and immature stages); McMichael et al., 1990: 967 (biology of Rivellia melliginis (Fitch)); Korneyev, 2001: 5 (key to genera of palaearctic Platystomatidae); McAlpine, 2001: 133 (Australasian genera of Platystomatidae).</p><p>Diagnosis. Rivellia is related to Platystoma, being in the same subfamily ( Platystomatinae). However, these two genera clearly differ from each other both in habitus and in detail, which makes their separation very easy. Platystoma are small-to-large species (3–10 mm long), usually almost entirely blackish or black, whereas Rivellia are mostly small (2.5–5.0 mm long) and often almost entirely yellowish. Platystoma are robust, with very broad abdomen, particularly basally, whereas Rivellia are delicate flies with narrow, spindle-shape abdomen that is narrowed towards base as well as towards apex. 1st flagellomere about 4 times as long as high in Rivellia, much shorter (1.3–2.7) in Platystoma . In Rivellia the wing pattern is clearly banded or reduced to small spots or none, whereas in Platystoma, the wing pattern is mostly reticulate, although in one species ( P. chrysotoxum Hendel) it is banded, but differs from Rivellia species in the extensive wing pattern. In both genera cell dc is narrow at base, rather abruptly widened distally. However, the ratio of maximum length to maximum width of this cell is 2.5 in Rivellia, 3 in Platystoma . Platystoma has three pairs of scutellar setae, while Rivellia has only two. In Rivellia, the epandrium in lateral view is convex ventrally and with a posterior prolongation much longer than the anterior part, whereas in Platsytoma the epandrium is convex dorsally, and a prolongation, if present, is distinctly shorter than the anterior part. There are three spermathecae (2+1), less sclerotized than those of Platystoma, in which it specifically varies between three (2+1) and two spermathecae.</p><p>Distribution. Rivellia is a genus of approximately 150 described species, fairly evenly distributed in all zoogeographical regions except Antarctica. However, almost all Palaearctic species are known from Asia (particularly China and Korea), and only two species from Europe.</p><p>Comments. Based on Hennig’s key and descriptions of most Palaearctic species (1945), excluding the Korean species (Byun et al., 1998), the Israeli species of Rivellia does not match any of these species, and is considered by us to be undescribed.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5B5D6028E176D875FF720061FE29FE01	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bodner, L.;Freidberg, A.	Bodner, L., Freidberg, A. (2016): Taxonomy and immature stages of the Platystomatidae (Diptera: Tephritoidea) of Israel. Zootaxa 4171 (2): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4171.2.1
5B5D6028E177D842FF720752FB69F830.text	5B5D6028E177D842FF720752FB69F830.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rivellia israelica	<div><p>Rivellia israelica n. sp.</p><p>(Figs. 18, 29, 40, 51, 62, 73, 76, 87, 100)</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is diagnosed both in the key to the Platystomatidae of Israel and in the generic diagnosis above. It was not found to be conspecific with any of the Palaearctic species keyed by Hennig (1945). However, we did not continue comparing our specimens with specimens or descriptions of the remaining 130 species around the world. See also the explanatory comment under the genus title above.</p><p>Description. Head (Figs. 18, 29): Structure: First flagellomere truncate and more or less angular apically, often distinctly pointed dorsoapically; arista with short dense rays, nearly plumose, total width including rays about 0.25–0.33 times height of 1st flagellomere. Color and vestiture: Head yellowish-brown. Conspicuous narrow stripes of silvery-white microtrichia present only around eye, especially noticeable along posteroventral margin of eye. Ocellar triangle blackish, subshiny, not microtrichose. Lunule yellow. Antenna mostly yellowish but tip blackish, and dark coloration often extended more proximally, with fine microtrichia. Face yellowish, dorsal half with dense grayish microtrichia. Clypeus shiny brownish, without microtrichia. Palpus yellow. Proboscis shiny brownish (sometimes discolored). Chaetotaxy: Frons densely setulose, bare around ocellar triangle. 2 (pairs) orbital setae and 0–1 (pair) of postocellar seta present. Lunule setulose. Usually 1 conspicuous genal seta present, among several sparse, thin, moderately long, straight brownish setulae. Occiput sparsely setulose. Ratios: Head: 1.20–1.37; frons anterior: 1.03–1.24; frons posterior: 0.91–1.09; ocellar triangle/frons: 0.28–0.44; eye: 1.65–1.89; 1st flagellomere: 2.84–3.97; gena/eye: 0.15–0.19; parafacial/gena: 0.15–0.32; posterior orbital/anterior orbital: 0.49–0.81; medial vertical/lateral vertical: 0.89–1.00; posterior orbital/medial vertical: 0.40–0.72; ocellar/medial vertical: 0.48–0.59; ocellar/ocellar triangle: 0.80–1.26.</p><p>Thorax: Color and vestiture: Ground color usually black and yellow, greatly varied among the specimens; in dark specimens most of mesonotum from neck to scutellum, but not postpronotum and area around it, notopleuron and posterolateral margin of scutum to level of dorsocentral seta blackish; subscutellum, mediotergite and laterotergite also blackish; katepisternum black except dorsally, strongly shiny, almost without microtrichia; laterotergite and small area between base of forecoxa and anterior spiracle with conspicuous small whitish or silvery spots of microtrichia. In pale specimens blackish area either restricted to median region of scutum or attains U-shaped form, with blackish extension from arm of U laterally along transverse suture, and pleura entirely yellow, although mediotergite partly blackish; in dark specimens mesonotum almost entirely blackish, except more or less narrow margin, and mediotergite and ventral pleura blackish, mesonotum covered with thin microtrichia. Mediotergite mostly shiny, laterally microtrichose. Chaetotaxy: Postpronotal lobe with 1 seta and brownish or yellowish setulae. Scutum setae (pairs): 1–2 scapular, 0–2, usually 0 or enlarged setulae, presutural supra-alar, 1 postsutural supra-alar, 1 postalar, 1 intra-alar, 1 dorsocentral and 0–1 acrostichal. 2 notopleural setae present. Scutum uniformly short setulose; setulae usually about 0.2 times as long as adjacent major setae. Scutellum with 2 (pairs) scutellar setae, basal about 0.5 times as long as apical, scutellum also with 10–15 setulae. Pleura: Anepisternum posteriorly uniformly short setulose with 1–2 posterodorsal setae; setulae thin, erect, yellowish. Anepimeron with 1 seta and several fine setulae. Katepisternum with 1–2 setae ventrally, and with sparse, erect, long, yellowish setulae. Ratios: Scutum: 1.10–1.52; postsutural supra-alar/intra-alar: 0.52–0.96; postalar/intra-alar: 0.99–1.25.</p><p>Legs: Color and vestiture: Leg entirely yellow except hind tibia almost entirely brownish, except base and tip, non-microtrichose. Chaetotaxy: only fore femur posteroventrally with distinct row of setae, with 3–4 distal setae larger and darker. Otherwise, without overt features.</p><p>Wing (Fig. 40): Pattern: In most species, including the new species from Israel, wing banded, with 4–5 bands variable in dimension, orientation and degree of coalescence. Basal band usually marginal and longitudinal; distal two bands usually joined together along costa; pattern sometimes reduced to single band and small spot, or wing almost entirely hyaline. Venation: Veins generally yellowish to pale brown. Vein M ends slightly posterior to wing tip. Crossvein DM-Cu slightly curved toward base of wing. Calypteres white. Halter microtrichose, with yellowish base and stem and blackish knob. Chaetotaxy: R1 dorsally with dense row of evenly-spaced short black setulae, ventrally bare. R4+5 dorsally with row of short sparse blackish setulae, ventrally with 2 setulae aligned with pterostigma. Tegula usually with short blackish setulae and 2–4 black setae. Ratio: Wing: 2.29–2.98.</p><p>Abdomen: Structure: Male and female with 5 preabdominal tergites. Female’s T6 absent. Color and vestiture: Ground color black or blackish, subshiny, shagreened. Microtrichia absent completely. Male terminalia (Figs. 51, 62, 73): Epandrium in lateral view ventrally convex and not saddle-shaped, squarish anteriorly, prolonged posteriorly; prolongation considerably longer than squarish part. Lateral surstylus indistinguishable from epandrium (without obvious articulation), apparently fused with it and strongly sclerotized. Subepandrial sclerite not bent ventrally in middle. Medial surstylus hidden by lateral surstylus. Two heavily sclerotized claw-like prensisetae present. Phallus with bulbous preglans and glans, and with 2 equally-long terminal filaments; terminal filaments with swollen base. Female terminalia: Ovipositor mostly as in Platystoma (Fig. 74); cercal unit (Fig. 76) broadened basally; subapical ventral setulae not adjoined. 3 spermathecae present (Fig. 87), 2 connected by common duct broadened into single atrium; 3rd single spermatheca also opens into similar atrium; spermatheca shallow funnel-like, moderately sclerotized, with smooth surface, without ring-shaped base, apical bulge and internal structure. Ratios: Male: T3/T4: 0.83–0.93; T4/T5: 1.14–1.37; T3+4/T5: 2.11–2.54; epandrium: 0.98–1.01; preglans: 0.75–0.88; glans: 1.89–1.97; preglans/glans: 0.28–0.33; acrophallus/preglans+glans: 1.57–1.6; distiphallus/preglans+glans: 4. Female: T3/T4: 0.63–0.84; T4/T5: 1.44–2.81; T3+4/T5: 2.52–4.75; aculeus: 4.39– 5.26; cercal unit: 3.370–3.373; cercal unit/aculeus: 0.25–0.26.</p><p>Measurements (mm). Body length: 3.45–3.94; wing length: 2.70–3.36.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype: Ƌ, ISRAEL, Park HaYarden, 20.vi.1982, A. Freidberg, malaise trap . Paratypes: same collection data as holotype (12Ƌ, 92♀); additional paratypes (all from Israel): Panyas (usually as ' Baniass'): 24.iv.1982, AF (3Ƌ, 2♀), F. Kaplan (2♀), I. Yarom (1♀) , 5.v.1977, D. Simon (1Ƌ, 2♀), 9.vi.1976, AF (1Ƌ, 1♀), D. Simon (1♀), 10.vi.1976, D. Simon (2♀), 13.vi.1982, AF (2Ƌ, 1♀), 28.vi.1977, AF (1♀), 10.vii.1975, M. Kaplan (2♀), 25.vii.1985, AF (1♀), 30.viii.1981, AF (1♀); Tel Dan: 5.v.1977, AF (6Ƌ, 8♀), D. Simon (1♀) , 6.v.1979, D. Furth (1Ƌ, 1♀), 16.v.1971, AF (2Ƌ, 3♀), 27.v.2003, AF (1Ƌ), 18.x.1969, AF (2Ƌ); HaGosherim, 21.iv.1969, AF (1♀); ' Enot ' Enan, 1.v.2006, L. Friedman (2Ƌ); Rosh Pinna , 19.vii.1977, AF (1Ƌ); Park HaYarden: -200[m], 32°54.6'N 35°37.5'E, 21.iii.2010, E. Morgulis (1Ƌ), 32°54.5'N 35°37.5'E, 14.iv.2011, AF (2♀), 7.v.2009, AF (1Ƌ, 1♀), 17.v.1997, AF (1♀), W. Kuslitzky (1♀), - 190m, 32°54.7'N 35°37.6'E, 22.v.2011, E. Morgulis (1♀), 14.vi.1982, AF (3Ƌ, 2♀), 16.vi.1982, AF (6Ƌ, 2♀), 17.vi.1982, AF (1Ƌ), 24.vi.1982, AF (1♀), 25.vii. [19]83, Y. Zvik (1♀), 5.viii.1986, AF (1Ƌ), [P. HaYarden], 7.viii. [19]83, Nussbaum (3Ƌ, 1♀); Biq'at Bet Zayda [Bteicha]: 14.iii.1975, AF (1♀) , 11.viii.1970, AF (1Ƌ, 1♀); ' En Gev, 7.v.1997, AF (1♀) ; Rosh ha'Ayin, 8.vi.1996 (2Ƌ, 1♀) .</p><p>The holotype (Fig. 100) is double-mounted (minutien pin and polyporus block), in excellent condition, and deposited at the SMNHTAU. Most paratypes are deposited at the SMNHTAU; some paratypes will be deposited at the museums listed in the Material and Methods section.</p><p>Distribution. Israel.</p><p>Distribution in Israel. Mostly along the Rift Valley—Upper Galilee, Golan Heights and Jordan Valley. A few specimens were collected in the Central Coastal Plain (Rosh ha'Ayin).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet ‘ israelica’ denotes the country from which this species is known and in which it is geographically isolated from other members of the genus.</p><p>Adult activity in Israel. March to October.</p><p>FIGURES 63–73. Phallus. 63. Platystoma arcuatum . 64. P. dalia . 65. P. dimidiatum . 66. P. elizabethae . 67. P. geula . 68. P. malatiense . 69. P. nitidiventre . 70. P. pubescens . 71. P. torridum . 72. P. trigonum . 73. Rivellia israelica .</p><p>FIGURES 77–87. Spermathecae. 77. Platystoma arcuatum . 78. P. dalia . 79. P. dimidiatum . 80. P. elizabethae . 81. P. geula . 82. P. malatiense . 83. P. nitidiventre . 84. P. pubescens . 85. P. torridum . 86. P. trigonum . 87. Rivellia israelica .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5B5D6028E177D842FF720752FB69F830	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bodner, L.;Freidberg, A.	Bodner, L., Freidberg, A. (2016): Taxonomy and immature stages of the Platystomatidae (Diptera: Tephritoidea) of Israel. Zootaxa 4171 (2): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4171.2.1
