identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
0D4F38E5A1045C188BFDE0C2ED06C5FF.text	0D4F38E5A1045C188BFDE0C2ED06C5FF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Machleida banachi	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Machleida banachi sp. nov. Figs 2A, 5 </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype (Transvaal Mus.): "26.11.1988; E-Y:2582 / forest floor litter / leg. Endrody-Younga", "S. Afr., Transkei / Ntsubane forest / 31.27  S– 29.44E ". Paratypes (Transvaal Mus.): single specimen: same data as holotype; single specimen: same data, except "1.12.1988; E-Y:2593 / forest floor litter / leg. Endrody-Younga"; single specimen: same data, except "25.11.1988; E-Y:2579 / forest floor litter / leg. Endrody-Younga"; two specimens: same data, except: 25.11.1988; E-Y:2580 / groundtraps, 14 days / leg. Endrody-Younga", "groundtrap with / banana bait"; two specimens: same data, except "25.11.1988; E-Y:2537 / fungi &amp; for. litter / leg. Endrody-Younga"; single specimen: "Z.A.82 / Port St. John D. / Ingogo Forest", "Humus / XII-1961", "N. Leleup leg.". </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> This species can be distinguished from all its congeners by the unique structure of elytra: disc medially lacking tubercles and dentate humerus (strongly protruding laterad) (Fig. 2A). This species most closely resembles  Machleida tarski (see identification key above). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Length 8.0-9.5 mm, width of elytra 4.0-7.0 mm. Integument brownish, often densely coated with debris. Head: frons with longitudinal median depression, densely punctate (~0.2 diameters apart), each puncture with short yellowish rectangular, flattened scale-like seta; frontoclypeal suture medially indistinguishable, weakly indented at margins, with pair of lateral depressions; apical clypeal margin broadly shallowly emarginate; clypeus slightly projected toward front of body; apical margin of labrum sharply emarginate medially, densely punctate in apical half (~0.2 diameters apart), each puncture with short yellowish aciminate setae. Eye elongate oval, length approximately 5  × width, weakly emarginate around epistomal base. Mentum with rounded base, not fully filling buccal cavity; anterior margin weakly medially emarginate; densely punctate, each with single acuminate seta. Submentum semicircular, concave medially, densely punctate. Antenna moderately clothed in erect acuminate yellowish setae; length of antennomeres 10+11 equal to 0.8 of antennomere 3 length; length of antenna equal to 0.75 of pronotal length. Prothorax: pronotal lateral margin rounded, strongly raised. Pronotum widest below middle. Disc with two median carinae merging in middle; lateral tubercles confluent with median carinae, forming convexities situated above half pronotal length; surface densely punctate (~0.2 diameters apart), each puncture with short yellowish rectangular, flattened scale-like seta; anterior margin strongly emarginate, anterior apices strongly produced; base bisinuate. Hypomeron with shallow antennal sulcus, sparsely punctate to impunctate, each puncture, if present, with short yellowish acuminate seta. Prosternal process strongly convex, longitudinally depressed in middle (ventral view). Pterothorax: scutellum without median grove. Elytra widest behind middle, clothed with short yellowish rectangular, flattened scale-like setae; marginal costae present, tuberculate, apex of each tubercle densely covered with setae, marginal branch extending to approximately apex of 4th abdominal ventrite, dorsal branch extending to apex of 3rd abdominal ventrite, terminal tubercles transverse; disc smooth, without any trace of intervals, sparsely covered with flattened setae, with elongated tubercles near base (Fig. 3B); ventral portion of elytra basally impunctate, apically with sparse punctures. Elytral slope gradually falling towards elytral apex (at angle of 50°). Epipleura indistinguishable from neighbouring portion of elytra. Mesanepisternum, mesepimeron, and metepimeron impunctate or sparsely punctate. Meso- and metaventrite densely punctate and covered with setae. Lateral regions of metaventrite (between coxae) extremely short. Legs: Apex of profemora with small denticle on outer margin. Femora and tibia densely punctate and setose. Tarsi cylindrical, not flattened. Abdomen: ventrites 1-3 moderately punctate and weakly rugulose; ventrites 4 and 5 densely punctate and setose; ventrite 5 without submarginal sulcus. Terminalia: aedeagus as in  M. devia (Fig. 4C). Female specimens were not dissected due to scarcity of available materials. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> This newly introduced name honours Stefan Banach (30 March 1892-31 August 1945), prominent Polish mathematician and founder of modern functional analysis. He was educated at the Technical University of  Lwów and was a founder of the  Lwów School of Mathematics. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Representatives of this species have been collected in the following ecoregions of South Africa (Fig. 5): KwaZulu-Cape coastal forest mosaic, Maputaland-Pondoland bushland and thickets.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0D4F38E5A1045C188BFDE0C2ED06C5FF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kaminski, Marcin J.;Kanda, Kojun;Smith, Aaron D.	Kaminski, Marcin J., Kanda, Kojun, Smith, Aaron D. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the genus Machleida Fahraeus, 1870 (Tenebrionidae, Pimeliinae, Asidini). ZooKeys 898: 83-102, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.898.46465, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.898.46465
71528F9C04E25B6698BAB8ACFE354A77.text	71528F9C04E25B6698BAB8ACFE354A77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Machleida devia (Peringuey 1899) Peringuey 1899	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 
Machleida devia (
Peringuey
, 1899)
 Figs 1E, 2B, 3D, 4C, 5 </p>
            <p> Asida devia Péringuey , 1899: 258 [transferred to  Machleida by Wilke (1925: 536)] </p>
            <p> =  Machleida capillosa Wilke, 1925: 536 [syn. nov.] </p>
            <p>Material studied.</p>
            <p> Syntype of  Machleida capillosa (Berlin Mus.): "Natal Mus., / Maritzburg. / 1913-330", "  capillosa / sp. n.". Two specimens (Transvaal Mus.): Tugela River / nr Kranskop / Lawrence &amp; / Haacke; single specimen (Transvaal Mus.): "S. Afr.: Zululand / Hluhluwe Game Res. / 28.05  S– 32.04E ", "20.111992: E-Y: 2840 / fung. Trunk &amp; litter / leg. Endrody - Younga". </p>
            <p>Notes.</p>
            <p> During the preparation phase for this study the holotype of  Asida devia was not found in any of the queried collections, i.e. Iziko Museum of South Africa in Cape Town and the institutions listed in the Material and methods section. However, the original description indicates several unique morphological features of this species (i.e. large body size, presence of densely distributed microtubercles on the elytral disc), which were used to differentiate it from other congeners. </p>
            <p>Redescription.</p>
            <p> Length 13.0-14.0 mm, width of elytra 8.5-9.5 mm. Integument black, often densely coated with debris. Head: frons with longitudinal median depression, densely punctate (~0.2 diameters apart), each puncture with short yellowish rectangular, flattened scale-like seta; frontoclypeal suture medially indistinguishable, weakly indented at margins, with pair of lateral depressions; apical clypeal margin broadly and shallowly emarginate; clypeus projected toward front of body (Fig. 1E); apical margin of labrum strongly and sharply emarginate, densely punctate (~0.2 diameters apart), each puncture with short yellowish acuminate seta. Eye elongate oval, length approximately 8  × width, weakly emarginate around epistomal base. Mentum with rounded base, not fully filling buccal cavity; anterior margin weakly medially emarginate; densely punctate, each puncture with single rectangular flattened scale-like seta. Submentum semicircular, concave medially, densely punctate. Antenna moderately clothed in erect acuminate yellowish setae; length of antennomeres 10+11 equal to 0.8 of antennomere 3 length; length of antenna equal to 0.75 of pronotal length. Prothorax: pronotal lateral margin sinuate, slightly raised. Pronotum widest below middle. Disc with two median carinae merging in middle; lateral tubercles confluent with median carinae, forming convexities situated above half pronotal length; surface densely punctate (~0.2 diameters apart), each puncture with short yellowish rectangular, flattened scale-like seta; anterior margin strongly emarginate, anterior apices strongly produced; base bisinuate. Hypomeron with shallow antennal sulcus, densely punctate (~0.2 diameters apart), each puncture with short yellowish rectangular, flattened scale-like seta. Prosternal process strongly convex, without median sulcus (ventral view). Pterothorax: scutellum without median groove. Elytra widest behind middle, clothed with extremely short yellowish rectangular, flattened scale-like setae and microtubercles (Fig. 3D); marginal costae present, tuberculate, apex of each tubercle densely covered with acuminate setae, divided near humera, with marginal branch extending to approximately middle of 4th abdominal ventrite, dorsal branch extending to base of 3rd abdominal ventrite, terminal tubercles transverse; disc rugose, without any trace of intervals and rows, covered with microtubercles; ventral portion of elytra basally impunctate. Elytral slope steep (falling at angle of 75°). Epipleura clearly distinguishable. Mesanepisternum, mesepimeron, and metepimeron impunctate or sparsely punctate. Meso- and metaventrite densely punctate and covered with acuminate setae. Lateral regions of metaventrite (between coxae) extremely short. Legs: apex of profemora with small denticle on outer margin. Femora and tibia densely punctate and setose. Tarsi cylindrical, not flattened. Abdomen: ventrites 1-3 moderately punctate and weakly rugulose; ventrites 4 and 5 densely punctate and setose; ventrite 5 without submarginal sulcus. Terminalia: aedeagus bipartite, with apical part slightly shorter than basal portion (Fig. 4C). Female specimens were not dissected due to scarcity of available materials. </p>
            <p>Notes on synonymy.</p>
            <p> Type investigation of  Machleida capillosa did not reveal any characters to support its taxonomic distinctiveness from  Asida devia (e.g. both share a unique structure of elytral disc - surface densely covered with microtubercles) (  Péringuey 1899). Furthermore, both species have the same locus typicus (  “Maritzburg” , South Africa). As a result, M.  capillosa is considered here as a junior subjective synonym of  Asida devia . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Representatives of this species have been collected in the following ecoregions of South Africa (Fig. 5): Drakensberg Montane Woodlands and Grasslands, Maputaland-Pondoland bushland and thickets.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/71528F9C04E25B6698BAB8ACFE354A77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kaminski, Marcin J.;Kanda, Kojun;Smith, Aaron D.	Kaminski, Marcin J., Kanda, Kojun, Smith, Aaron D. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the genus Machleida Fahraeus, 1870 (Tenebrionidae, Pimeliinae, Asidini). ZooKeys 898: 83-102, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.898.46465, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.898.46465
D03756F121D95C3AA874E88943BD80BE.text	D03756F121D95C3AA874E88943BD80BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Machleida Fahraeus 1870	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  
Machleida 
Fahraeus
, 1870
</p>
            <p> 
Machleida 
Fahraeus
, 1870: 256
</p>
            <p> =  Machloida Rye, 1873: 286. Type species:  Machleida nodulosa Fåhraeus , 1870, by monotypy. Note. Unjustified emendation of  Machleida Fåhraeus , 1870, not in prevailing usage. </p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Machleida nodulosa Fåhraeus , 1870; by monotypy. </p>
            <p>Revised diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Exclusion of  Asida lecta Peringuey, 1899,  Machleida nossibiana Fairmaire, 1897, and  Machleida tuberosa Wilke, 1925 (see below) from  Machleida increased the morphological consistency of the genus. As a result, some of the previously listed diagnostic characters needed to be revised (e.g., sculpture of pronotum). Additionally, the present investigation reveals that some of the characters proposed by Koch (1962) are too variable within Afrotropical  Asidini to be sustained as diagnostic for  Machleida . A revised diagnosis is presented below. </p>
            <p> The representatives of this genus can be distinguished from other Afrotropical  Asidini by the following combination of characters: antenna appearing as 10-segmented, with antennomeres 10 and 11 of equal in width (Fig. 1D); mentum reduced basally, not fully filling buccal cavity (Fig. 1C); pronotal disc with large primary sculpturing consisting of two median carinae merged in the middle (Fig. 1B), carinae not merging in  M. zofiae Kamiński sp. nov. (Fig. 1A); hypomeron with shallow, posteriorly abbreviated antennal sulcus; elytra with large tubercles (Fig. 2); and expanded epipleura (sometimes fully fused with the neighbouring part of elytra) (Fig. 3A, B). Moreover, all  Machleida species shares a peculiar structure of mesoprescutum, i.e. base deeply emarginate (Fig. 3C). </p>
            <p>Species composition (6).</p>
            <p> M. banachi sp. nov.;  devia (  Péringuey , 1899);  flagstaffensis sp. nov.;  nodulosa Fåhraeus , 1870;  tarskii sp. nov.;  zofiae Kamiński sp. nov. </p>
            <p> Excluded species (  lecta ,  nossibiana ,  tuberosa ). </p>
            <p> These species are hereby excluded from  Machleida based on differences in the structure of the mentum (fully filling buccal cavity), prosternal process (base straight in lateral view, process not convex), and pronotum (disc only basally with median carinae, lateral tubercles absent).  Asida lecta Péringuey , 1899 does not fall within the newly formulated concept of  Machleida . The aforementioned pronotal structure place this species within the subgenus  Archasida Wilke 1922 of  Afrasida Wilke, 1925 (Koch 1962). As a result, the following new combination is proposed:  Afrasida (  Archasida )  lecta (  Péringuey , 1899) comb. nov. A habitus photo of this species is presented in Appendix 2: Fig. S1A. </p>
            <p> Because of its Malagasy distribution, the taxonomic placement of  M. nossibiana Fairmaire, 1897 within the South African  Machleida was previously questioned by several authors (Chatanay 1914; Wilke 1925; Gebien 1937). However, based on a single non-typical specimen, Koch (1962) tried to provide some morphological support for this taxonomic hypothesis. According to his view  M. nossibiana generally resembles species of  Machleida and can be separated from other Malagasy  Asidini by the non-soleate underside of the tarsi. In his diagnosis he compared this species to  M. nodulosa and highlighted two main morphological differences: antennae robust in  M. nossibiana , slender in  M. nodulosa ; and prosternal process broad in  M. nossibiana , narrow in  M. nodulosa . The current reinvestigation of the type material of  M. nossibiana (Appendix 2: Fig. S1B) revealed a high morphological resemblance of this species to representatives of the genus  Scotinesthes Fairmaire, 1895 (Koch 1962). Namely, the aforementioned characters used by Koch to separate  M. nossibiana from  M. nodulosa are characteristic for  Scotinesthes . Moreover,  M. nossibiana shares a common structure of the mentum (fully filling buccal cavity; reduced basally in  Machleida ) with the other species representing that Malagasy genus. As a result,  nossibiana is transferred from  Machleida and the following new combination is introduced:  Scotinesthes nossibianus (Fairmaire, 1897) comb. nov. </p>
            <p> Reinvestigation of the type material revealed that  Machleida tuberosa Wilke, 1925 has a peculiar pronotal sculpturing, i.e., disc without carinae but densely covered with small setose tubercles (Appendix 2: Fig. S1C). The second character seems to be unique for this species among the other southern African  Asidini . Because of the aforementioned features,  M. tuberosa does not fit the newly proposed taxonomic concept of  Machleida and is hereby excluded from this genus. The exact placement of this species (possibly a new genus) requires further investigation in a wider taxonomic context. At the moment  tuberosa is treated as incertae sedis  Asidini . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Representatives of this genus have been collected in the following ecoregions of South Africa (Fig. 5): Drakensberg Montane Woodlands and Grasslands, KwaZulu-Cape coastal forest mosaic, Maputaland-Pondoland bushland, and thickets, Southern Africa mangroves.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D03756F121D95C3AA874E88943BD80BE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kaminski, Marcin J.;Kanda, Kojun;Smith, Aaron D.	Kaminski, Marcin J., Kanda, Kojun, Smith, Aaron D. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the genus Machleida Fahraeus, 1870 (Tenebrionidae, Pimeliinae, Asidini). ZooKeys 898: 83-102, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.898.46465, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.898.46465
5E99ED5A61F25EA7A6029E679C266931.text	5E99ED5A61F25EA7A6029E679C266931.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Machleida flagstaffensis	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Machleida flagstaffensis sp. nov. Figs 1F, 2C, 4A, B, 5 </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype (Transvaal Mus.): "1.12.1988; E-Y:2593 / forest floor litter / leg. Endrody-Younga", "S. Afr., Transkei / Ntsubane forest / 31.27  S– 29.44E ". Paratypes: single specimen (Transvaal Mus.): same data as holotype; single specimen (Transvaal Mus.): "24.11.1987; E-Y:2533 / indig. Forest litter / leg. Endrody-Younga", "S. Afr., Transkei / Silaka For. Reserve / 31.33  S– 29.30E " </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> On account of a large body size this species is similar to  Machleida devia . Both species can be separated by the characters listed in the identification key provided above. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Length 13.0-15.0 mm, width of elytra 7.0-7.5 mm. Integument brownish, often densely coated with debris. Head: frons with longitudinal median depression, densely punctate (~0.2 diameters apart), each puncture with short yellowish acuminate seta; frontoclypeal suture medially indistinguishable, weakly indented at margins, with pair of lateral depressions; apical clypeal margin broadly shallowly emarginate; clypeus projected toward front of body (Fig. 1F); apical margin of labrum sharply emarginate, densely punctate (~0.2 diameters apart), each puncture with short yellowish seta. Eye elongate oval, length approximately 6  × width, weakly emarginate around epistomal base. Mentum with rounded base, not fully filling buccal cavity, anterior margin weakly medially emarginate; densely punctate, punctures moderately sized, each with single slender setae. Submentum triangular, concave, densely punctate. Antenna moderately clothed in erect acuminate clear to yellowish setae; length of antennomeres 10+11 equal to 0.9 of antennomere 3 length; antennomeres 10+11 noticeably widended; length of antenna equal to 0.75 of pronotal length. Prothorax: pronotal lateral margin rounded, slightly elevated. Pronotum widest in middle base. Disc with two median carinae merging in middle, and lateral tubercles situated above half pronotal length; surface sparsely punctate, covered with noticeable microsculpture and extremely short, brownish setae. Median carinae and remaining tubercles apically covered with elongated scale-like setae and short elongated setae; anterior margin emarginate, densely setose; base bisinuate. Hypomeron with relatively deep antennal sulcus, impunctate. Prosternal process strongly convex, rounded at apex. Pterothorax: scutellum with median longitudinal grove. Elytra widest behind middle; surface between tubercles glabrous, covered with microsculpture; marginal costae present, tuberculate, apex of each tubercle densely covered with numerous short acuminate setae and large single scale-like seta apically, divided near humera, marginal branch extending to approximately middle of 4th abdominal ventrite, dorsal branch extending to base of 3rd abdominal ventrite, terminal tubercles transverse; disc without any trace of intervals or rows, sparsely covered with tubercles; ventral portion of elytra basally impunctate. Elytral slope steep (falling at angle of 75°). Epipleuron indistinguishable from neighbouring portion of elytra. Mesanepisternum, mesepimeron, and metepimeron sparsely punctate. Meso- and metaventrite sparsely punctate and covered with setae. Lateral regions of metaventrite (between coxae) extremely short. Legs: apex of profemora with small denticle on outer margin. Femora and tibia densely punctate and setose. Tarsi cylindrical, not flattened. Abdomen: ventrites 1-3 sparsely punctate and setose; ventrites 4 and 5 moderately punctate and setose; ventrite 5 without submarginal sulcus. Terminalia: ovipositor with paraproct much longer that coxites, plates 2-4 fused (Fig. 4A). Genital tubes similarly structured to other  Asidini (Fig. 4B). Male specimens were not dissected due to scarcity of available materials. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The species epithet refers to Flagstaff (Eastern Cape, South Africa), a town near the collecting localities of this new species.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Representatives of this species have been collected in the following ecoregions of South Africa (Fig. 5): KwaZulu-Cape coastal forest mosaic, Maputaland-Pondoland bushland and thickets.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E99ED5A61F25EA7A6029E679C266931	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kaminski, Marcin J.;Kanda, Kojun;Smith, Aaron D.	Kaminski, Marcin J., Kanda, Kojun, Smith, Aaron D. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the genus Machleida Fahraeus, 1870 (Tenebrionidae, Pimeliinae, Asidini). ZooKeys 898: 83-102, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.898.46465, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.898.46465
976A3654BE9A5EC1B83CEE027E910A40.text	976A3654BE9A5EC1B83CEE027E910A40.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Machleida nodulosa Fahraeus 1870	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 
Machleida nodulosa 
Fahraeus
, 1870
 Figs 1B, 2D, 5 </p>
            <p> 
Machleida nodulosa 
Fahraeus
, 1870: 256
</p>
            <p> =  Asida legitima Péringuey , 1899: 266 [syn. by  Péringuey (1904: 296)] </p>
            <p>Material studied.</p>
            <p> Single specimen (Transvaal Mus.): "Umkomaas / III.1951 / A.L. Capener"; single specimen (Berlin Mus.): "Natal / Durban"; single specimen (Transvaal Mus.): "Malvern / Natal"; single specimen (Budapest Mus.): "Natal / P. Reineck", "  Machleida /  nodulosa / Fahr"; single specimen (Transvaal Mus.): "Lower / mKomas N. / 9/97", "Durban Museum"; single specimen (Transvaal Mus.): "Tongaat / V.1953 / Mrs. R. Koch". </p>
            <p>Notes.</p>
            <p> The last researcher to study the types of  Machleida nodulosa and  Asida legitima was  Péringuey (1904). This fact indicates that those specimens should be preserved in the Iziko Museum of South Africa (Cape Town). However, the types of those both synonymous species were not found in any of the queried collections, i.e. Iziko Museum of South Africa in Cape Town and the institutions listed in the Material and methods section. </p>
            <p> Descriptions of  M. nodulosa and  A. legitima indicate several specific morphological features (i.e. relatively small body size; presence of dense punctures on elytra; elytral tubercles distributed evenly, not forming ridges), which were used to differentiate them from other congeners. </p>
            <p>Redescription.</p>
            <p> Length 8.5-9.0 mm, width of elytra 4.5-5.0 mm. Integument brownish, often densely coated with debris. Head: frons with shallow longitudinal median depression, densely punctate (~0.2 diameters apart), each puncture with short yellowish rectangular, flattened scale-like seta; frontoclypeal suture medially indistinguishable, weakly indented at margins, with pair of lateral depressions; apical clypeal margin broadly shallowly emarginate; clypeus slightly projected toward front of body; apical margin of labrum sharply emarginate medially, densely punctate in apical half (~0.2 diameters apart), each puncture with short yellowish setae. Eye elongate oval, length approximately 4  × width, weakly emarginate around epistomal base. Mentum with rounded base, not fully filling buccal cavity, anterior margin weakly medially emarginate; densely punctate, each point with single acuminate seta. Submentum semicircular, slightly concave medially, densely punctate. Antenna moderately clothed in erect acuminate yellowish setae; length of antennomeres 10+11 equal to 0.8 of antennomere 3 length; length of antenna equal to 0.7 of pronotal length. Prothorax: pronotal lateral margin strongly sinuate, slightly raised. Pronotum widest in middle. Disc with two median carinae merging in middle, lateral tubercles situated above half pronotal length; surface densely punctate (~0.2 diameters apart), each puncture with short yellowish rectangular, flattened scale-like seta; anterior margin strongly emarginate, anterior apices strongly produced; base v-shaped. Hypomeron with shallow antennal sulcus, sparsely punctate to impunctate, each puncture, if present, with short yellowish acuminate seta. Prosternal process strongly convex, longitudinally depressed in middle (ventral view). Pterothorax: scutellum without median grove. Elytra widest behind middle, densely punctured and evenly covered with tubercles (tubercles sometimes merging), each tubercle clothed with short yellowish rectangular, flattened scale-like setae; ventral portion of elytra, except epipleuron, similarly structured as dorsal side. Elytral slope gradually falling towards elytral apex (at angle of 50°). Epipleuron clearly distinguishable. Mesanepisternum, mesepimeron, and metepimeron sparsely punctate. Meso- and metaventrite densely punctate and covered with acuminate setae. Lateral regions of metaventrite (between coxae) extremely short. Legs: apex of profemora with small denticle on outer margin. Femora and tibia densely punctate and setose. Tarsi cylindrical, not flattened. Abdomen: ventrites 1-3 moderately punctate and setose (small brownish setae); ventrites 4 and -5 densely punctate and setose; ventrite 5 without submarginal sulcus. Terminalia: ovipositor and genital tubes as in  M. flagstaffensis (Fig. 4AB). Male specimens were not dissected due to scarcity of available materials. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Representatives of this species have been collected in the following ecoregion of South Africa (Fig. 5): Southern Africa mangroves.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/976A3654BE9A5EC1B83CEE027E910A40	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kaminski, Marcin J.;Kanda, Kojun;Smith, Aaron D.	Kaminski, Marcin J., Kanda, Kojun, Smith, Aaron D. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the genus Machleida Fahraeus, 1870 (Tenebrionidae, Pimeliinae, Asidini). ZooKeys 898: 83-102, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.898.46465, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.898.46465
FB3B8089F7015C94A67923AFB92324AE.text	FB3B8089F7015C94A67923AFB92324AE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Machleida tarskii	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Machleida tarskii sp. nov. Figs 1C, 2E, 5 </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype (Transvaal Mus.): "Z.A. 86 / Pirie Forest / King Williams Town", "Humus / XII.1961", "N. Leleup leg.". Paratype: single specimen same data as holotype.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> This species most closely resembles  Machleida banachi , as both share a similar body size, structure of pronotal disc (median carinae merging) and elytra (tubercles forming two lateral ridges). They can be separated by different formation of the elytral slope (extremely steep in  tarskii ; gradually falling in  banachi ) (Fig. 3A, B). For other characters separating those both species see the identification key. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Length 9.0-9.2 mm, width of elytra 5.0-5.2 mm. Integument dark brown (yellowish in holotype), often densely coated with debris. Head: frons with longitudinal median depression, sparsely punctate (3.0-4.0 diameters apart), each puncture with short yellowish acuminate setae; frontoclypeal suture medially indistinguishable, indented at margins, with pair of lateral depressions; apical clypeal margin broadly shallowly emarginate; clypeus slightly projected toward front of body; apical margin of labrum strongly emarginate, densely punctate apically (~0.2 diameters apart), each puncture with short yellowish setae. Eye elongate oval, length approximately 4  × width, weakly emarginate around epistomal base. Mentum with rounded base, not fully filling buccal cavity, anterior margin medially emarginate; sparsely punctate, each puncture with single seta. Submentum semicircular, concave, impunctate. Antenna moderately clothed in erect acuminate clear to yellowish setae; length of antennomeres 10+11 equal that of antennomere 3; length of antenna equal to 0.75 of pronotal length. Prothorax: pronotal lateral margin rounded, strongly raised, densely covered with tubercles, each tubercle densely covered with patch of short setae and medially with few scale-like longer setae. Pronotum widest below base. Disc with two median carinae merging in middle; lateral tubercles confluent with median carinae, forming convexities situated above half pronotal length; surface moderately punctate (1.0-2.0 diameters apart), punctures without setae; anterior margin strongly emarginate, anterior apices strongly produced; base bisinuate. Hypomeron with shallow antennal sulcus, impunctate. Prosternal process strongly convex, densely covered with short scale-like setae, longitudinally depressed in middle (ventral view). Pterothorax: scutellum with median longitudinal grove. Elytra widest behind middle, impunctate; two marginal rows of tubercles present, apex of each tubercle densely covered with setae; marginal branch extending to approximately middle of 5th abdominal ventrite, dorsal branch extending to base of 5th abdominal ventrite, terminal tubercles transverse; disc without any trace of intervals, between tubercles glabrous, tubercles distributed sparsely, each apically with dense patch of setae; ventral portion of elytra, mesanepisternum, mesepimeron, and metepimeron impunctate, and sparsely covered with short, brownish setae. Elytral slope extremely steep (falling at angle of 80°). Epipleura indistinguishable from neighbouring portion of elytra. Meso- and metaventrite moderately punctate and covered with yellowish setae. Lateral regions of metaventrite (between coxae) extremely short. Legs: apex of profemora with small denticle on outer margin. Femora and tibia densely punctate and setose. Tarsi cylindrical, not flattened. Abdomen: ventrites 1-4 sparsely covered with brownish short setae; ventrite 5 moderately punctate and setose, (yellowish setae) without submarginal sulcus. Terminalia: specimens were not dissected due to scarcity of available materials. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The species epithet is in honor of Alfred Tarski (14 January 1901-26 October 1983), Polish-American logician and mathematician. Educated at the University of Warsaw and a member of the  Lwów–Warsaw school of logic, he immigrated in 1939 to the USA, where he became a citizen in 1945. Alfred Tarski carried out research in mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley, from 1942 until his death in 1983. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Representatives of this species have been collected in the following ecoregion of South Africa (Fig. 5): Drakensberg Montane Woodlands and Grasslands.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3B8089F7015C94A67923AFB92324AE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kaminski, Marcin J.;Kanda, Kojun;Smith, Aaron D.	Kaminski, Marcin J., Kanda, Kojun, Smith, Aaron D. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the genus Machleida Fahraeus, 1870 (Tenebrionidae, Pimeliinae, Asidini). ZooKeys 898: 83-102, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.898.46465, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.898.46465
BE40D4F563905B10B2390B238CE7F7FB.text	BE40D4F563905B10B2390B238CE7F7FB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Machleida zofiae Kaminski	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 
Machleida zofiae 
Kaminski sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype (Transvaal Mus.): "Transkei: coast / Dwesa for. Res. / 32.17  S– 28.50E ", "26.2.1985; E-Y: 2165 / groundtraps, 7 days / leg. Endrody-Younga", "groundtrap with / banana bait". </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Easily distinguishable from other congeners by the specific structure of pronotum: disc with median carinae interrupted in the middle of pronotal disc (Fig. 1A); lateral tubercles situated below the half pronotal length (Fig. 1A). This is also the only  Machleida species with relatively large tuberculate horns on frons. Superficially this species can be confused with  M. flagstaffensis . However, besides the characters listed above those two species can be distinguished by different structure of elytral slope, i.e. steep in  flagstaffensis (falling at angle of 75°) versus gradually falling in  zofiae (at angle of 50°). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Length 11.5 mm, width of elytra 5.5 mm. Integument brownish, densely coated with debris. Head: frons with pair of tuberculate horns, densely punctate (~0.2 diameters apart), each puncture with short yellowish acuminate seta; frontoclypeal suture medially indistinguishable, indented at margins, with pair of lateral depressions; apical clypeal margin broadly and shallowly emarginate; clypeus slightly projected toward front of body; apical margin of labrum strongly emarginate, densely punctate apically (~0.2 diameters apart), each puncture with short, yellowish seta. Eye elongate oval, length approximately 4  × width, weakly emarginate around epistomal base. Mentum with rounded base, not fully filling buccal cavity, anterior margin medially emarginate; sparsely punctate, each puncture with single seta. Submentum semicircular, concave, impunctate. Antenna moderately clothed in erect acuminate clear to yellowish setae; length of antennomeres 10+11 equal that of antennomere 3 (Fig. 1D); length of antenna equal to 0.85 of pronotal length. Prothorax: pronotal lateral margin sinuate, strongly raised, densely covered with setae. Pronotum widest in middle. Disc with median carinae not merging in middle (Fig. 1A); lateral tubercles located below half pronotal length; surface moderately to densely punctate (0.2-2.0 diameters apart), punctures with flattened setae; anterior margin strongly emarginate, anterior apices strongly produced; base bisinuate. Hypomeron with shallow antennal sulcus, sparsely punctate or impunctate. Prosternal process strongly convex, densely covered with short scale-like setae, longitudinally depressed in middle (ventral view). Pterothorax: scutellum with median longitudinal grove (Fig. 3C). Elytra widest behind middle, impunctate; two marginal rows of tubercles present, apex of each tubercle densely covered with acuminate setae, marginal branch extending to approximately base of 4th abdominal ventrite, dorsal branch extending to middle of 3th abdominal ventrite; terminal tubercles of both rows enlarged; disc without any trace of intervals, covered with tubercles distributed in two rows near suture, each tubercle apically with dense patch of setae, surface of disc glabrous between tubercles; ventral portion of elytra, mesanepisternum, mesepimeron, and metepimeron impunctate, sparsely covered with short brownish setae. Elytral slope gradually falling towards elytral apex. Epipleuron clearly distinguishable. Meso- and metaventrite moderately punctate and covered with yellowish setae. Lateral regions of metaventrite extremely short. Legs: apex of profemora with small denticle on outer margin. Femora and tibia densely punctate and setose. Tarsi cylindrical, not flattened. Abdomen: ventrites 1-4 sparsely covered with short, brownish setae; ventrite 5 moderately punctate and setose, (yellowish setae) without submarginal sulcus. Terminalia: single holotype was not dissected. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Machleida zofiae is named in honour of the first author's daughter, Zofia Irena  Kamińska , born on November 3, 2018 (Flagstaff, USA). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>The holotype of this species was collected in the following ecoregion of South Africa (Fig. 5): KwaZulu-Cape coastal forest mosaic.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BE40D4F563905B10B2390B238CE7F7FB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kaminski, Marcin J.;Kanda, Kojun;Smith, Aaron D.	Kaminski, Marcin J., Kanda, Kojun, Smith, Aaron D. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the genus Machleida Fahraeus, 1870 (Tenebrionidae, Pimeliinae, Asidini). ZooKeys 898: 83-102, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.898.46465, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.898.46465
