taxonID	type	description	language	source
55718796FFC4FFEBDB966326FBFFFA50.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The Calviriidae are lithophorous Proseriata with an encapsulated brain, a precerebral gut diverticulum, intraepidermal or insunk nuclei and the epidermis completely ciliated. Ovaries anterior of and close to the pharynx, with vitellarian follicles in front of and behind the ovaries. The female duct is short, the oviducts joining behind the male copulatory organ and the female pore behind it (digonoporid condition). A bursa behind the female pore may be present; no genito-intestinal connection. Testes in front of the ovaries. Copulatory organ with atrial needles only or unarmed. With a single or paired seminal vesicles. Accessory glandular organ present, with or without needles, opening into the male atrium or separately. Horizontal pharynx not elongated nor with a long prominent glandular proximal section. A muscular septum in front of the pharynx and a sphincter around the gut dorsal to the pharynx may be present. With prominent frontal glands opening in a sub-terminal depression.	en	Schockaert, Ernest R., Curini-Galletti, Marco, Ridder, Wouter De, Artois, Tom (2011): On the Calviriidae Martens and Curini-Galletti, 1993 (Platyhelminthes, Proseriata), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 3034: 32-46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.203197
55718796FFC5FFEEDB9667EEFAEDFD3D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Species of Diskeria with a copulatory organ with an inner ring of 40 – 50 needles of ± 225 µm (190 – 320 µm) forming a stylet-like structure and an outer ring of ± 60 needles ranging from ± 100 to ± 125 µm. The accessory organ opens into the male atrium and has a stylet of 20 – 35 µm surrounded by needles in two groups, ± 12 thin needles (37 – 72 µm) and ± 15 stouter needles (70 – 125 µm). Occurrence. Port aux Français, Kerguelen (Territoires Australes Françaises), between the pebbles beneath the little building at the port (10 December 1992). Occurs in high numbers, along with many amphipods and isopods on which it feeds.	en	Schockaert, Ernest R., Curini-Galletti, Marco, Ridder, Wouter De, Artois, Tom (2011): On the Calviriidae Martens and Curini-Galletti, 1993 (Platyhelminthes, Proseriata), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 3034: 32-46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.203197
55718796FFC5FFEEDB9667EEFAEDFD3D.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Many animals studied alive, six whole mounts, two animals squashed for karyology and mounted and five sectioned specimens (16 slides). One whole mount is designated the holotype (SMNH nr. 7354); all other material designated paratypes (UH 419 - 439). Derivation of the name. The genus name is derived from the local expression “ DisKer ”, designating the District Commissioner of Kerguelen; the species name refers to the size of the species, which is gigantic for a proseriate.	en	Schockaert, Ernest R., Curini-Galletti, Marco, Ridder, Wouter De, Artois, Tom (2011): On the Calviriidae Martens and Curini-Galletti, 1993 (Platyhelminthes, Proseriata), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 3034: 32-46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.203197
55718796FFC5FFEEDB9667EEFAEDFD3D.taxon	description	Description. The adult animals are around 2 cm, rather broad, flattened and very actively crawling between the pebbles. They are whitish, the head region somewhat paler and have no eyes. Under the microscope the animals are rather opaque, making the internal anatomy difficult to study and many individuals had to be sacrificed before the internal structures became clear. The pre-cerebral gut diverticulum reaches the statocyst (but does not extend beyond it) and the intestine continues until the very caudal end of the animal. The epidermis, moderately vacuolated, about 10 µm high, with intra-epithelial nuclei, is slightly thicker at the ventral side. The cilia are shorter (3 µm) on the dorsal side than on the ventral side (5 µm). There are no rhabdite glands. In the sections, small retracted adhesive patches were detected, surprisingly only on the latero-dorsal sides (see Fig. 2). The large eosinophilic and basophilic frontal glands converge towards a small subterminal pit (Fig. 9 A). In the caudal part of the body two large gland masses were seen in the living animal (Fig. 1 A, B). In the sections these masses appear to consist of large glands, mixed with the large cement glands of the female system and open at either side of the very caudal end (Figs 1 D and 2 B). Apart from the longitudinal muscle layer of the body wall, two latero-ventral bundles of strong longitudinal muscles are present, inserting on the body wall behind the female pore and in the brain region (Figs 1 D, 2 A and 9 A). The pharynx is 350 – 400 µm long, 3 – 4 times as long as wide and in the anterior half of the last body quarter. The epithelium that covers the pharynx at its inner and outer side is low, with insunk nuclei, and ciliated (Fig. 1 C). At the most distal end of the pharynx, the epithelium is devoid of cilia. Here open the glands that lie outside the pharyngeal parenchyma. Under the epithelium there is a weak outer longitudinal and an inner circular muscle layer, the latter forming an obvious sphincter at the base of the pharynx. The longitudinal muscles under the inner epithelium continue up to the body wall and form a septum between the pre- and post-pharyngeal parts of the body (Figs 1 C and 2 B). Dorsally, the intestine pierces the septum as a narrow canal surrounded by circular muscles (Fig. 1 C). There is no obvious oesophagus: the epithelium of the pharynx lumen continues proximally from the sphincter for about 100 µm. The epithelium covering the pharyngeal pocket is very low with some intra-epithelial nuclei, without cilia or underlying muscles, except near the mouth. The vitellaria run from some distance behind the brain to the level of the copulatory organ with only three to four follicles behind the pharynx. The ovaries, in front of the pharynx, are very large, C-shaped with the developing oocytes anteriorly and the ripe oocytes at the caudo-ventral side (Fig. 1 A). There are at least 70 testes in front of the pharynx, three to four next to each other, between and ventral to the vitellaria. The ovo-vitelloducts run backwards and join each other behind the copulatory organ, where they form a wide and rather muscular female duct with a high epithelium devoid of cilia (Figs 1 B and 1 D). This duct continues towards the bursa in the very caudal end of the animal. This bursa has a nucleated epithelium of a variable thickness, related to the degree of its fullness. In some individuals, the bursa is filled with sperm and its epithelium is stretched thin (as in Fig. 2 B); in other individuals the bursa is empty and the epithelium high. No obvious signs of a resorbing function were seen. The bursa can be closed from the female duct by a sphincter. The distal-most portion of the female duct is a narrow canal running to the female pore. Cement glands discharge in this canal at some distance from the point where it leaves the wider part of the female duct. It is surrounded by very weak circular and longitudinal muscle fibres, but the circular muscles form a strong sheath around the atrium between the female duct and the point where the cement glands enter. There is also a strong sphincter near the female pore. The body wall around the pores can be retracted, forming a triangular invagination (Fig. 2 A). The male pore is a transverse slit and at a very short distance in front of the female pore. The copulatory organ is in the dorsal part of the male atrium, somewhat at the right, while the accessory organ is at the left and ventrally in an almost horizontal position (Figs 1 D and 2 C). This accessory apparatus consists of a glandular reservoir (Fig. 1 D and 2 B) from where departs a muscular duct that is swollen into a highly muscular bulb. This continues as a narrow duct towards a short conical stylet that is surrounded dorsally by 10 – 12 thin needles and ventrally by ± 15 thicker and slightly longer needles (Figs 3 and 4 C). All these needles are clearly a product of the high atrial epithelium that fills the proximal part of the accessory apparatus. Stylet and needles are surrounded by circular muscles and strong protractor muscles (Fig. 2 E). Measurements of stylet and needles in eight individuals in whole mounts are given in Table 1. The copulatory organ has two seminal vesicles, on either side of the accessory glandular reservoir (Figs 1 D and 2 B) which taper into two narrow canals and join at the entrance of the prostate vesicle. That vesicle has a high, nucleated epithelium, obviously glandular. External prostate glands are depicted in Fig. 1 B, but no signs of such glands were found in the sectioned material and may be an error of observation made while studying these opaque animals. From the prostate vesicle depart some 40 – 50 needles (Figs 1 D, 3 and 4 A – B), about 191 µm long (in the holotype; mean length in all eight individuals: 227 µm), arranged in a ring and so forming a tube that is easily confused with the stylet found in many other proseriates. This ring of needles is surrounded by a second ring of some 60 needles, with a length ranging from 109 µm to 114 µm in the holotype (mean lengths in the eight individuals: 100 to 123 µm) (Table 1). All needles are embedded in the epithelium of the male atrium, those of the outer ring in the outer epithelium, those of the inner ring in a central continuation of the epithelium (Figs 1 D and 2 D). The needles protrude from this epithelium only over a short distance where the atrium enlarges to continue to the part where the needles and the stylet of the accessory organ enter. Copulatory organ Accessory organ shortest longest " stylet " shortest longest stylet 1 107 120 204 37 70 37 2 107 126 241 72 91 19 3 89 130 213 62 71 4 101 123 194 55 109 22 5 96 116 226 6 104 128 318 67 105 31 7 87 129 228 92 Holotype 109 114 191 72 126 34 Mean 100 123 227 61 95 29	en	Schockaert, Ernest R., Curini-Galletti, Marco, Ridder, Wouter De, Artois, Tom (2011): On the Calviriidae Martens and Curini-Galletti, 1993 (Platyhelminthes, Proseriata), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 3034: 32-46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.203197
55718796FFC1FFEEDB966584FF2CF8B8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Species of Diskeria with a copulatory organ with an inner ring of ± 50 needles of ± 130 µm and an outer ring of ± 70 needles of ± 50 µm, all of the same length. The stylet of the accessory organ is ± 60 µm long and two groups of surrounding needles consist of 10 – 11 thin needles (± 60 – 80 µm) and 11 – 13 stouter needles (± 80 µm). Occurrence. Tasmania, Fossil Island, in the intertidal of a beach with medium coarse sand (October, 1993).	en	Schockaert, Ernest R., Curini-Galletti, Marco, Ridder, Wouter De, Artois, Tom (2011): On the Calviriidae Martens and Curini-Galletti, 1993 (Platyhelminthes, Proseriata), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 3034: 32-46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.203197
55718796FFC1FFEEDB966584FF2CF8B8.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. One animal studied alive, then strongly squashed for the karyological study and mounted, designated holotype (QM G 230112). Derivation of the name. The species epithet is derived from the locality where the species was found.	en	Schockaert, Ernest R., Curini-Galletti, Marco, Ridder, Wouter De, Artois, Tom (2011): On the Calviriidae Martens and Curini-Galletti, 1993 (Platyhelminthes, Proseriata), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 3034: 32-46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.203197
55718796FFC1FFEEDB966584FF2CF8B8.taxon	description	Description. The specimen is more than 1 cm in length, and very opaque. However, from the sketches of the living animal, it can be seen that the habitus of this species, and most probably the general anatomy as well, are the same as those of D. gigantea (Fig. 5 A – B). The most striking differences from D. gigantea are the number of testes (around 20) and differences found in the hard parts. There are about 50 needles of around 130 µm, forming the central stylet-like tube of the copulatory organ (Fig. 6 A) and the outer ring consists of around 70 needles, about 50 µm long. The number of needles of the inner and of the outer ring is close to that of D. gigantea, but they are considerably shorter (even shorter than in the individual with the shortest needles of D. gigantea). Contrary to the situation in D. gigantea, all needles in the outer ring are of the same length. In the highly disrupted individual the accessory organ is found at some distance from the copulatory organ. It consists of a group of needles with a stylet in the middle (Fig. 6 C). The needles are arranged in a series of 11 relatively stout needles of about 80 µm and a series of 10 more slender needles, 60 – 80 µm. A glandular reservoir can be seen and its duct leading to the stylet, 60 µm long. Surprisingly, next to the copulatory organ a second set of two series of needles can be found (see Fig. 6 B), one series of 13 stout needles of 80 – 100 µm and a series of 11 slender needles, 60 µm long. These needles evidently belong to an accessory organ even though no stylet was found. The two series of needles in both groups are indeed almost identical. It is possible that one of the two accessory organs was in fact in the gut (cannibalism is not unusual in flatworms) or might have been left behind after copulation. Since the first accessory organ is still attached to its glandular reservoir, the needles near the copulatory organ are probably from another individual ..	en	Schockaert, Ernest R., Curini-Galletti, Marco, Ridder, Wouter De, Artois, Tom (2011): On the Calviriidae Martens and Curini-Galletti, 1993 (Platyhelminthes, Proseriata), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 3034: 32-46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.203197
55718796FFCFFFE2DB96668CFE6CFC13.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Diagnosis of the genus; with about 60 atrial needles of 130 – 180 µm. Occurrence. Iceland, Keflavik, close to the Sandgerdi Marine Centre, in the intertidal zone of a beach with medium sand (July, 1999).	en	Schockaert, Ernest R., Curini-Galletti, Marco, Ridder, Wouter De, Artois, Tom (2011): On the Calviriidae Martens and Curini-Galletti, 1993 (Platyhelminthes, Proseriata), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 3034: 32-46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.203197
55718796FFCFFFE2DB96668CFE6CFC13.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Many animals studied alive, nine animals in eight whole mounts (only one female), one specimen squashed for karyology and mounted, and 10 sectioned specimens (two “ adult males ” and one young male; three fully developed females and two young females, two juveniles). One whole mount is designated the holotype (SMNH nr. 8098); all other material designated paratypes (UH 440 - 457). Derivation of the name. The beautifully arranged needles of the copulatory organ resemble those of the species of Calviria; the species name refers to the location where the species was found.	en	Schockaert, Ernest R., Curini-Galletti, Marco, Ridder, Wouter De, Artois, Tom (2011): On the Calviriidae Martens and Curini-Galletti, 1993 (Platyhelminthes, Proseriata), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 3034: 32-46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.203197
55718796FFCFFFE2DB96668CFE6CFC13.taxon	description	Description. The animals are whitish, 5 – 7 mm long (measured in the whole mounts); there is seemingly no difference in size between the individuals in the male and in the female stage. There is a slight narrowing at the level of the brain and at the genital pore in the male stage. There are some sensory bristles at either side of the head (Fig. 7 A and B). The epidermis and cilia are around 3 µm (on the dorsal as well as at the ventral side) with the nuclei sunk under the muscle layer, which consists of fine circular and slightly thicker longitudinal muscles. Large hyaline vacuoles, about 20 µm high and 17 µm broad occur all over the body, but mainly at the lateral sides and in the caudal region. In the male stage there are a few adhesive papillae at the tail, while in the female stage there are large glands opening in a row from the lateral sides over the ventral side (Fig. 7 D, E). The frontal glands converge to a slightly depressed sub-terminal area (Fig. 9 B). The anterior diverticulum of the gut runs clearly over the statocyst, and the gut itself runs to the very caudal end. The pharynx is at about 2 / 3 of the body length and has a similar construction to that in the other Calviriidae, albeit the internal circular muscle layer is highly developed. The glands that open at the tip of the pharynx are extremely developed and are even found in front of the ovaries. In the male stage (Fig. 7 A and C) there are 20 – 30 testes from some distance behind the brain to the level of the pharynx glands; the most anterior (and smaller) testes are in a single row, while those more towards the pharynx are in two alternating rows. Two large seminal vesicles, filled with unusually thick sperm, are in the very caudal end of the animal and enter the prostate vesicle laterally through S-shaped seminal ducts. The prostate vesicle, with coarse basophilic glands proximally and fine eosinophilic glands distally, continues with a duct, the epithelium of which is much thicker dorsally than ventrally. This duct protrudes as a penis papilla in a ring of ± 60 atrial needles. There are weak spiral muscles around the prostate vesicle, but no muscles were detected around the duct that forms the penis papilla. The atrial needles (Fig. 8) are arranged in an oval ring, about 400 – 500 µm in lateral direction and 100 µm in antero-caudal direction. The number of needles is constant around 60 in the five “ adult ” males in the whole mounts. The length of the needles varies from 130 to 180 µm and they are about 45 µm in the two developing males. They end in a strong hook; at the base of each hook is inserted a bundle of muscles that originates from the proximal end of the needle. In front of the copulatory organ there is a large oval accessory glandular organ in the male atrium, about 300 x 460 to 360 x 730 µm (measured in the whole mounts). Towards the atrium it is covered by a cuboidal hyaline epithelium. The central area of the organ is depressed, the whole organ forming a kind of sucker. The central area of the basement membrane under the epithelium is thick with some weak muscles under it. Large basophilic and eosinophilic glands open at the right and left sides of the sucker-like depression. The rest of the atrium is covered with a low epithelium and the male pore is guarded by a small sphincter. In the fully developed female stage (Fig. 7 B, D and E) the ovaries, lying in front of the pharynx glands, are very large, C-shaped. The vitellaria start at some distance behind the brain and continue until about midway between the pharynx and the caudal end, with seven to eight post-pharyngeal follicles. The ovovitelloducts enter the short female duct (± 65 µm long) from both sides. The cement glands are highly developed and enter the female duct over its entire length. Anteriorly they almost reach the last vitellarian follicle; posteriorly they reach the caudal end, where they are mixed with the row of adhesive glands. In one of the “ males ” in whole mount there was a faint indication of developing ovaries, but in none of the sectioned male stages was any indication of ovaries seen. On the other hand, in two of the developing females remnants of the male system were seen in the gut. In one of these individuals, the copulatory organ could clearly be recognised; in the other individuals there were some spines in the post-pharyngeal part of the gut that can be interpreted as partly resorbed needles of the copulatory organ. Probably the male organs are digested during the development of the female organs.	en	Schockaert, Ernest R., Curini-Galletti, Marco, Ridder, Wouter De, Artois, Tom (2011): On the Calviriidae Martens and Curini-Galletti, 1993 (Platyhelminthes, Proseriata), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 3034: 32-46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.203197
55718796FFCDFFE2DB966378FCA7FA3C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Protandric Calviriidae with paired seminal vesicles. With a septum in front of the pharynx and a sphincter around the gut above the pharynx. Copulatory organ unarmed. Accessory organ with two glandular globules producing two different kinds of secretion. Simple female system without a bursa. Epidermis with intra-epithelial nuclei.	en	Schockaert, Ernest R., Curini-Galletti, Marco, Ridder, Wouter De, Artois, Tom (2011): On the Calviriidae Martens and Curini-Galletti, 1993 (Platyhelminthes, Proseriata), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 3034: 32-46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.203197
55718796FFCDFFE2DB966378FCA7FA3C.taxon	materials_examined	Type and only species: Asilomaria ampullata Karling, 1966.	en	Schockaert, Ernest R., Curini-Galletti, Marco, Ridder, Wouter De, Artois, Tom (2011): On the Calviriidae Martens and Curini-Galletti, 1993 (Platyhelminthes, Proseriata), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 3034: 32-46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.203197
55718796FFCDFFE2DB966378FCA7FA3C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. We agree with Martens and Curini-Galletti (1993) who consider the copulatory organ proper as being unarmed and the glandular organ with needles as the accessory organ, contrary to the view of Karling (1966). Also contrary to Karling, we do not consider the invagination behind the female pore as an “ external ” bursa. In A. ampullata there are 12 needles in the accessory organ.	en	Schockaert, Ernest R., Curini-Galletti, Marco, Ridder, Wouter De, Artois, Tom (2011): On the Calviriidae Martens and Curini-Galletti, 1993 (Platyhelminthes, Proseriata), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 3034: 32-46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.203197
55718796FFCDFFE2DB9662ADFC42F8C5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Protandric Calviriidae. Epidermis with intra-epithelial nuclei. With a septum in front of the pharynx and a sphincter around the gut above it. Numerous large hyaline vacuoles under the body wall. A single seminal vesicle filled with large sperm. The copulatory organ is directed forwards with atrial needles arranged in a ring. Accessory glandular organ separated and in front of the male atrium. Simple female system with both ovovitelloducts opening in a short female duct and with or without bursa.	en	Schockaert, Ernest R., Curini-Galletti, Marco, Ridder, Wouter De, Artois, Tom (2011): On the Calviriidae Martens and Curini-Galletti, 1993 (Platyhelminthes, Proseriata), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 3034: 32-46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.203197
55718796FFCDFFE2DB9662ADFC42F8C5.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Calviria solaris Martens and Curini-Galletti, 1993. Other species: C. sublittoralis Martens and Curini-Galletti, 1993 and C. banyulensis Martens and Curini-Galletti, 1993.	en	Schockaert, Ernest R., Curini-Galletti, Marco, Ridder, Wouter De, Artois, Tom (2011): On the Calviriidae Martens and Curini-Galletti, 1993 (Platyhelminthes, Proseriata), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 3034: 32-46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.203197
55718796FFCDFFE2DB9662ADFC42F8C5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. All three species have four needles in the accessory organ, which is (apparently) not connected to the exterior. Only C. solaris has a small terminal bursa in the female system.	en	Schockaert, Ernest R., Curini-Galletti, Marco, Ridder, Wouter De, Artois, Tom (2011): On the Calviriidae Martens and Curini-Galletti, 1993 (Platyhelminthes, Proseriata), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 3034: 32-46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.203197
