identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
56132B081022FFE5FF15D832433E917A.text	56132B081022FFE5FF15D832433E917A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pantomorus albosignatus Boheman in Schoenherr 1840	<div><p>Pantomorus albosignatus species group</p><p>(Habitus Figs. 1–14; genitalia Figs. 15–26; map of distribution Fig. 27)</p><p>Diagnosis. Species relatively small (females 5.5–8.3 mm; males 5.0– 7.9 mm), covered with dense scaly vestiture that forms a characteristic maculation of three pairs of white maculae on grey or brown background ( P. albosignatus and P. andersoni) or dark- brown maculae on a pale background ( P. parvulus and P. crinitus), almost effaced in some specimens (particularly P. crinitus). Rostrum lacking lateral carinae or feebly carinate; scape not reaching hind margin of eyes; elytra short (LE/WE 1.25-1.45), convex, lacking humeri or with vestigial humeri, densely covered with erect to suberect setae; profemora equal to or slightly broader than metafemora; mucro small, only present on protibia, except in some males; penis body equal to or slightly shorter than the apodemes.</p><p>Description. Species relatively small for the tribe Naupactini (females 5.5–8.3 mm; males 5.0– 7.9 mm), covered by brown or grey scaly vestiture, with characteristic pattern of maculations on pronotum and elytra (Figs. 1–8, 11, 14); some specimens uniformly grey or greenish (Figs. 9–10, 12–13). Vestiture consisting of appressed round scales and fine, erect to suberect setae, distributed in 1–4 irregular lines along intervals of elytra; scaly vestiture scattered on legs, lacking on antennae and central line of abdomen.</p><p>Rostrum truncate conical (WF/WR 1.35–1.55× in female, 1.20–1.50× in males), about as long as wide at apex (LR/WR 0.95–1.05× in females; 1.00–1.15× in males); lateral carinae indistinct. Eyes round, feebly to strongly protruding; preocular impression usually indistinct; postocular constriction slight. Antennae short; scape not reaching hind margin of eyes; funicle segment 2, 1.0–2.0× as long as segment 1; funicle segments 3–7, usually 2.0–2.5× as long as wide at apex; club 1.9–2.6× as long as wide.</p><p>Pronotum subcylindrical or slightly truncate-conical; feebly to strongly punctate; base straight to slightly curved (WP/LP 1.30–1.35× in female, 1.25–1.55× in male). Elytra oval, very short, broader relative to pronotum in females (LE/WE 1.25–1.45×; LE/LP 2.25–2.60×; WE/WP 1.35–1.55×), narrower and longer in males (LE/WE 1.30–1.45×; LE/LP 2.05–2.30×; WE/WP 1.15–1.30×); base usually straight and thickened; humeri usually absent; apical declivity usually abrupt (Figs. 7–8); punctures of striae of variable size; intervals flat, about 2–3× as wide as punctures. Metathoracic wings absent. Scutellum small, denuded or setose at apex. Legs short; profemora equal to or slightly wider than metafemora in females (PF/MF 1.00–1.20×), usually wider in males (F1/F3 1.10–1.45×); protibiae bearing small mucro and 7–9 denticles on inner margin; meso- and metatibiae lacking mucro and denticles (with small mucro in males of P. andersoni); corbel of metatibia well-developed, squamose; dorsal comb about as long as distal comb. Ventrite 2 slightly longer than ventrites 3+4; ventrite 5 about same length as 3+ 4 in females and slightly longer in males.</p><p>Female terminalia (Figs. 15–20). Sternite VIII (Fig. 15) subrhomboidal, about as long as wide, with pair of subparallel more sclerotized lines along basal half; apodeme about 3.0-3.5× as long as plate. Ovipositor (Fig. 16) slightly shorter than ventrites 1-5. Spermathecae (Figs. 17–20) subcylindrical; collum truncate-conical; ramus indistinct; cornu shorter than spermathecal body. Spermathecal gland about 2× as long as spermatheca; spermathecal duct about 4–6× as long as spermatheca.</p><p>Male genitalia (Figs. 21–25). Penis about as long as ventrites 1-5; penis body strongly curved, equal to slightly shorter than its apodemes, with semicircular ostium; apex tapered (Fig. 25). Endophallus usually without sclerites.</p><p>Species included: Pantomorus albosignatus (Figs. 1, 4, 7), P. parvulus (Figs. 2, 5), P. andersoni sp. nov. (Figs. 3, 6, 8) and P. crinitus (Figs. 9–14).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/56132B081022FFE5FF15D832433E917A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lanteri, Analia A.;Rio, Maria Guadalupe Del	Lanteri, Analia A., Rio, Maria Guadalupe Del (2020): Revision of the Pantomorus albosignatus species group (Coleoptera: Curculionidae Entiminae) from Mexico and Central America. Zootaxa 4819 (3): 557-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.3.7
56132B081021FFE5FF15DA934487924E.text	56132B081021FFE5FF15DA934487924E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pantomorus albosignatus Boheman in Schoenherr 1840	<div><p>Key to species of Pantomorus albosignatus species group</p><p>1 Eyes slightly to moderately protruding; pronotum subcylindrical, disc feebly punctate, posterior margin straight to slightly curved, not to feebly beveled, posterolateral angles not produced; elytra moderately short, apical declivity feeble to moderately abrupt.............................................................................................. 2</p><p>- Eyes strongly protruding; pronotum truncate-conical, disc strongly punctate, posterior margin slightly bisinuate and beveled, posterolateral angles produced, directed outwards; elytra short and broad, apical declivity strongly abrupt................................................................. Pantomorus andersoni sp. n. (Figs. 3, 6, 8) (Mexico: Guerrero)</p><p>2 Elytra lacking humeri; antennae usually broad, funicle segment 2 equal to slightly longer than segment 1; vestiture usually with characteristic pattern of whitish interrupted stripes or maculae on elytra; endophallus without sclerites.................. 3</p><p>- Elytra with vestigial humeri; antennae slender; funicle segment 2 twice as long as segment 1; vestiture usually uniform and lacking characteristic pattern, except for a paler stripe along suture of elytra; endophallus with sclerites.................................................................................. Pantomorus crinitus (Boheman) (Figs. 9–14) (El Salvador, Guatemala and Mexico: Chiapas, Oaxaca and Veracruz)</p><p>3 Eyes moderately protruding; antennae stout; funicle segment 2 about as long as segment 1; base of elytra thickened; disc of elytra strongly convex and much wider relative to maximum width of pronotum (WE/WP 1.50–1.60× in females); apex of elytra rounded; apical declivity moderately abrupt; sides of pronotum slightly curved in both sexes...................................................................................... Pantomorus albosignatus Boheman (Figs. 1, 4, 7) (Mexico: Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Federal District, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, San Luis Potos, Veracruz and Zacatecas) .</p><p>- Eyes slightly protruding; antennae slender, funicle segment 2 longer than segment 1; base of elytra not thickened; disc of elytra moderately convex and less wider relative to maximum width of pronotum (WE/WP 1.30–1.40×); apex of elytra subacute; apical declivity feeble; sides of pronotum moderately to strongly curved in males................................................................................ Pantomorus parvulus Sharp (Figs. 2, 5) (Mexico: Oaxaca and Veracruz)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/56132B081021FFE5FF15DA934487924E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lanteri, Analia A.;Rio, Maria Guadalupe Del	Lanteri, Analia A., Rio, Maria Guadalupe Del (2020): Revision of the Pantomorus albosignatus species group (Coleoptera: Curculionidae Entiminae) from Mexico and Central America. Zootaxa 4819 (3): 557-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.3.7
56132B081020FFE3FF15DEA845B0929A.text	56132B081020FFE3FF15DEA845B0929A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pantomorus albosignatus Boheman in Schoenherr 1840	<div><p>Pantomorus albosignatus Boheman</p><p>(Figs. 1, 4, 7, 17, 21, 26)</p><p>Pantomorus albosignatus Boheman in Schoenherr 1840a: 943 . Type material: lectotype female herein designated, [Mexico]; 7.5 mm long, pinned, at NHRS, col Schoenherr.</p><p>Redescription. Female (Figs. 1, 7) 5.9–7.9 mm long. Vestiture pale grey or pale brown, with characteristic color pattern of whitish stripes and maculae on pronotum and elytra. Pronotum with five longitudinal stripes, extended along midline, dorsum and margins; elytra with white stripes along suture (vanished in some specimens) and intervals 8-9, the latter ascending to interval 6 on posterior third; disc of elytra with pairs of white maculae on base of interval 3, on middle of intervals 2-3 and on posterior third of intervals 2-3. Scales rounded, broadly overlapped, dense, usually forming circles around setae and punctures of elytra. Setae fine, suberect, short and anteriorly direct-ed on rostrum and pronotum, longer and posteriorly directed on elytra, forming 1–2 irregular lines on each interval, very long on apical declivity.</p><p>Rostrum truncate-conical (WF/WR 1.40–1.50×), about as long as wide at apex; lateral carinae indistinct. Eyes moderately protruding; postocular constriction feeble. Antennae short, stout, setose, scape not reaching hind margin of eye; funicle segment 2 about as long as segment 1; club ca. 2.2× as long as wide. Pronotum subcylindrical, widest near middle (WP/LP 1.25–1.35×); anterior margin anteriorly curved; sides slightly curved; disc feeble punctate; posterior margin almost straight, slightly beveled. Scutellum setose at apex. Elytra oval (LE/WE 1.30–1.40×; LE/ LP 2.55–2.70×; WE/WP 1.50–1.60×); base straight, thickened; humeri absent; apical declivity moderately abrupt; punctures of striae with distinct round scale on bottom. Legs. Profemora about as wide as metafemora; protibiae mucronate, with line of 8-9 denticles on inner margin; meso- and metatibiae lacking mucro and denticles; corbel of metatibia moderately broad, squamose; distal comb about as long as dorsal comb.</p><p>Female genitalia. Spermatheca (Fig. 17) subcylindrical; collum truncate-conical, slightly longer than in other members of the species group, perpendicular to axis of spermathecal body; ramus indistinct; cornu shorter than spermathecal body, apex slightly exceeding level of gland entrance. Spermathecal gland about 1.8× as long as spermatheca; spermathecal duct about 5.4× as long as spermatheca.</p><p>Male (Fig. 4) 5.0– 5.4 mm long, rostrum slightly longer than wide at apex, pronotum longer and narrower relative to elytra (LE/LP 2.30×; WE/WP 1.30×). Other ratios similar than in female. Male genitalia (Fig. 21). Penis about as long as ventrites 1-5; penis body strongly curved, slightly shorter than apodemes, with semicircular ostium; apex tapered. Endophallus lacking sclerites.</p><p>Geographic distribution (Fig. 26). This species is broadly distributed in several states of Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Federal District, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, San Luis Potos, Veracruz and Zacatecas). It usually occurs above 1500 masl, in Acacia grasslands and Acacia -cactus deserts. O’Brien &amp; Wibmer (1982) recorded this species for Guatemala and El Salvador, but we could not confirm these records. We suspect that they might be confused with the fusco-maculate variant of P. crinitus .</p><p>Plant associations. Acacia sp., Prosopis, Senna sp. ( Fabaceae), and Larrea sp. ( Zygophyllaceae).</p><p>Type material: In NHRS we found a single specimen of P. albosignatus labeled as typus. We consider that this specimen is a syntype , because in the original description by Boheman in Schoenherr (1840) there is no clear indication about the number of specimens studied by the author. Consequently, we decided to designate it as lectotype .</p><p>Other material examined: MEXICO. Aguascalientes: 24m W Aguascalientes, 5-VI-1956, B. Banta (1♀ BMNH) ; 3mi S Cosio, 9-VII-1982, W.F. Abeles (5♀ BMNH) ; 5mi N Rincón de Romos, 9-10-VII-1982, 1981m, Acacia scrub hillside, RR Mamerski (1♀ BMNH) . Chihuahua: Chihuahua city, 1933, Wickham (5♀ USNM, 8♀ BMNH) ; Santa Bárbara, 1920m, 16-VIII-1947, D Rockefeller exp. (1♀ AMNH) . Coahuila: 13 mi W Saltillo, 1478m, at night, 20-VIII-1971, CW O’Brien &amp; Marshall (1♀ ASUCOB) ; 20mi SE Saltillo, 1828m, 20.21- VI-1971, HF Howden (3♀ CMNC) ; 33 mi SE Saltillo, 2286m, 25-VII-1963, AT Howden (1♀ CMNC) ; Saltillo, Palmer (1♀ BMNH) . Durango: 6 mi N Cuencam, 1524m, 20-VIII-1974, CW &amp; L O’Brien &amp; Marshall (6♀ ASUCOB) ; Durango city, Wickham (2♀ BMNH, 5♀ MNHN) ; Durango, 1933, Wickham (150♀ USNM) ; Hwy 45, 7mi E Du-rango city, 4-VIII-1988, Boldt PE (2♀ USNM) ; El Tscate, 1951m, 28-VII-1947, D Rockefeller exp. (1♀ AMNH) ; 5 mi NE Francisco I. Madero, 2012m, 20-VIII-1974, C &amp; L O’Brien &amp; Marshall (1♀ ASUCOB) ; Gómez Palacio, 8-VII-1970, PM Jump (1♀ CMNC) ; 8 mi NE Guadalupe Victoria, 14-VII- 1963, RB Selander &amp; JM. Kingsolver (2♀ USNM) ; 8 mi NE Guadalupe Victoria, 10-VII-1964 (1♀ MLP) ; 2 mi NW La Zarca, 1981m, 1-VII-1971, L &amp; CW O’Brien &amp; Marshall (2♀ ASUCOB) ; Las Puentes, 2134m, 24-VII-1947, D Rockefeller exp. (1♀ AMNH) ; Nombre de Dios, 1798m, 13-VIII-1947, D Rockefeller exp. (2♀ AMNH) ; San Juan del Río, 1585m, 30-VIII-1947, D Rockefeller exp. (1♀ AMNH) ; Sierra de Durango, Wickham (3♀ BMNH) ; Tepehuanes, Wickham (3♀ BMNH) ; Villa Madero, 2042m, 18-VIII-1947, D Rockefeller exp. (1♀ AMNH) ; 2 mi SW Yerbanis, 1981m, 10-VIII-1974, CW &amp; L O’Brien &amp; Marshall (4♀ ASUCOB) . Federal District: Guadalupe, Wickham (1♀ BMNH) ; Mexico City, Höge (1♀ BMNH) . Guanajuato: no loc. (3♀ BMNH) . Guerrero: Iguala (1♀ BMNH) ; Mezcala, 10-VII-1955, RB &amp; JM Selander (1♂ USNM) . Hidalgo: 20 mi NE Dolores, 16-VIII-1974, 1828m, CW O’Brien &amp; G Marshall (1♀ MLP) ; 15 mi NE Huichapan, 2103m, 18-VIII-1951, C &amp; L O`Brien &amp; Marshall (1♀ ASUCOB) ; 2 mi SE Limapán, 24-VI-1975, LE Watrous (1♀ MLP) ; Pachuca, 1-VII-1965, Spangler PJ (5♀ USNM) ; 18mi NW Pachuca, 1951m, 25-VI-1971, CW Ward &amp; CW O`Brien (1♀ ASUCOB) ; Santiago de Anaya, 2030m, 2035’48’’N, 9857’06’’W, 19VII-1999, AM Corona (1♀ EBCC) ; 8.5 km S. Tasquillo, 1830m, 20 35’48’’N, 9920’4’’W, AM Corona (1♀ EBCC); Tula, 3-VII-1963, LR Gillogly (1♀ ASUCOB) ; Tula, Höge (2♀ BMNH) ; 0.8 km N Apan, 20-V-1973 (10♀ USNM) . Nuevo León: 79 mi SW Linares, 2042 m, Hwy 57, 22-VI-1971, CW O`Brien &amp; Marshall (1♀ ASUCOB) ; 14 mi W Monterrey, 1158 m, 14-VIII-1971, C &amp; L O`Brien &amp; Marshall (1♀ ASUCOB) ; 19 mi W Monterrey, 1097m, 21VIII-1974, CW &amp; L O`Brien &amp; Marshall (3♀ ASUCOB) ; 6 mi E San Roberto, 1951m, 15-VIII-1971, CW O`Brien &amp; Marshall (3♀ ASUCOB) . Oaxaca: 9 mi SE El Camarón, 1402m, 2-VI-1974, CW &amp; L O`Brien &amp; Marshall (1♀ ASUCOB) ; Huapanapán, 1727m, 10-VIII-2008, 1809’19.0’’N, 9740’52.8W, H. Casasola &amp; MV Rosas (2♀ MZFC) ; 3.5 mi SW Mitla, 1585m, 4-VIII-1983, Acacia grassland, R. Anderson &amp; W Maddison (6♀ CMNC) ; 11 mi SE No-chixtlán, 2225m, 1-VI-1974, at night, CW &amp; L O`Brien &amp; Marshall (4♀ ASUCOB); Oaxaca, 1534m, 14-VII-1955, P &amp; C Vaurie (7♀ AMNH) ; 5 mi SW Oaxaca, 1433m, 4-VII-1983, R Anderson &amp; W Maddison, Acacia thorn scrub (8♀ CMNC) ; Hwy 175, 10 km NE Oaxaca, 1800m, 11-VI-1979, H &amp; A Howden (6♀ CMNC) ; 8 km SW Oaxaca, 1450m, 5-VII-1983, RS Anderson, Acacia thorn scrub (1♀ CMNC) ; 24.3 km N San Gabriel Mixtepec, 1174m, 11VII-1987, R Anderson, cloud forest (1♀ CMNC) ; 39.1 km SE Teotitlán del Camino, 518 m, 21-VII-1987, Acacia scrub, R Anderson (2h 3♂ CMNC) ; 5.7 mi SE Quiotepec, hwy 131, 640m, 21-VII-1987, Kovarik &amp; Schaffner (2♀ 2♂ CMNC) ; 2.1 km S Sgo. Chazumba, Rte 125, 1670m, Acacia scrub, 21-VIII-1992 (1♀ CMNC) ; 10 mi W Tama-zulapán, 2286m, 28-VI-1971, CW O`Brien (1♀ ASUCOB); 16 mi SE Tlacolula, 2012m, thorn scrub (1♀ CMNC) . Puebla: 3 mi SE Acatlán, 1158m, 1-VI-1974, CW &amp; L O`Brien &amp; Marshall (2♀ 3♂ ASUCOB) ; 12 mi SE Izucar de Matamoros, 21-VII-1974, RL Mangan &amp; DS Chandler (1♀ ASUCOB) ; Tehuacán, Höge (2♀ BMNH) ; Tla-cotepec, 2-VII-1955, BB &amp; JM Selander &amp; JM Kingsolver (8♀ USNM) . 12.5 km SW Zapotitlan Salinas, 1815’N, 9733’W, 1680m, 8-VII-1992, RL Westcott (1♀, CMNC) . 6 km SW Acatepec, 1813’N, 9738’W, 1990m, 17-VII-1996, RL Westcott (2♀, CMNC) . Querétaro: Amenalco, Laguna de Servin, km 48 Carr. Huimilpán-Amenalco, 25-VII-2000, Felix L &amp; Ruiz J (1♀ MLP) ; 1 mi E Cadereyta, 2073m, 15-VIII-1974, CW &amp; L O`Brien &amp; Marshall (2♀ ASUCOB) ; Cadereyta, 5 km NE Higuerillas, 1530m, matorral, 27-VII-2000, R Jones (2♀ MLP) ; Cadereyta, km 88 carr Vizarron-Peña Blanca, 31-VIII-2000, J L Cozar (2♀ MLP) ; Cerro Ermitaño, 14-VIII-1998, Senna sp, R. Jones (1♀ MLP) ; 20 mi NE Dolores Hidalgo, 2012m, 16-VIII-1974, O`Brien &amp; Marshall (1♀ ASUCOB) ; 1 mi N Sauceda, 2134m, 29-VI-1971, O`Brien &amp; Marshall (10♀ ASUCOB) ; Tequisquiapán, 1900m, 8-VII-1972, J Mateo (1♀ ASUCOB) . San Luis Potos: 1 mi SE La Calzada, 1189 m, on mesquite, 8-VI-1983, R. Anderson (23♀ CMNC) ; Palmar (1♀ BMNH) ; near Río Verde at Media Luna, 20-VI-1982, J.B. Stribling (1♀ BMNH) ; 11.6 km E San Luis Potos, 1707m, Acacia cactus desert, 8-VII-1983, R Anderson (6♀ RSAC) ; 6 km E San Luis Potos, 1945m, Acacia cactus scrub, 3-VII-1987, R. Anderson (6♀ CMNC) ; 65 mi NW San Luis Potos, 2256m, 30-VI-1971, CW O`Brien &amp; Marshall (4♀ ASUCOB) ; 19 mi N SL Potos, on mesquite, 1-IX-1995, E Mockford (1♀ CMNC); 10 mi NE San Luis Potos, 1890m; 22-VIII-1954, Dreisbach RR (1♀ USNM) ; Palmar (1♀ BMNH) . Veracruz: Acultzingo, Sallé (2♀ BMNH) ; Córdoba, Höge (1♀ BMNH) . Zacatecas: Fresnillo, 2134m, 15-VIII-1947, D. Rockefeller exp. (1♀ AMNH) ; 10 mi NW Fresnillo, hwy 45, 2225m, 17-VIII-1974, CW &amp; L O`Brien &amp; Marshall (1♀ ASUCOB) ; hwy 45, 41 mi E Sombrerete, 2128m, beating at night, 13-VII-1984, S Mc Cleve &amp; P Jump (10♀ CMNC) ; 31 mi SE Guadalupe, 2195m, 30-VI-1971, on Acacia, L`Brien &amp; Marshall (1♀ ASUCOB) ; 59 km N Zacatecas, beating Larrea, 11-VIII-1969, AN García-Alderete (1♀ ASUCOB) : 15 mi NW Sombrerete, 17-VIII-1957 (1♀ USNM) .</p><p>Remarks. Pantomorus albosignatus shows variation in the color pattern of its vestiture. In some specimens the white stripes and maculae are absent and the specimens are almost uniformly grey and in others (mostly those from Oaxaca) the whitish stripes and maculae show greenish reflections. In the specimens from Guerrero the eyes are slightly more protruding than in the typical forms from other places. Males are absent in most samples examined with the exception of bisexual populations only in Oaxaca (Quiotepec) and Puebla (Acatlán).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/56132B081020FFE3FF15DEA845B0929A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lanteri, Analia A.;Rio, Maria Guadalupe Del	Lanteri, Analia A., Rio, Maria Guadalupe Del (2020): Revision of the Pantomorus albosignatus species group (Coleoptera: Curculionidae Entiminae) from Mexico and Central America. Zootaxa 4819 (3): 557-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.3.7
56132B081026FFE1FF15DEA84446943D.text	56132B081026FFE1FF15DEA84446943D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pantomorus parvulus Sharp 1891	<div><p>Pantomorus parvulus Sharp</p><p>(Figs. 2, 5, 18, 22, 26)</p><p>Pantomorus parvulus Sharp, 1891: 153 . Type material: lectotype female herein designated; [Mexico, Etla, Sallé] (Oaxaca); 6.5 mm long, glued on a card, at BMNH. Paralectotypes: male, Mexico, Etla, Sallé (BMNH); male, Mexico, Cerro de Plumas, Höge (Oaxaca) (BMNH); female, Mexico, Jalapa, Höge (Veracruz) (BMNH); male, Mexico, Juquila, Sallé (Oaxaca) (USNM) (Fig. 5).</p><p>Redescription. Female (Fig. 2) 5.5–7.0 mm long. Vestiture pale grey, pale brown or greenish, with characteristic color pattern of whitish stripes or maculae along pronotum and elytra. Pronotum with whitish longitudinal stripes along dorsum and margins, the latter extended anteriorly on eyes and posteriorly on elytra; elytra usually with three light maculae on intervals 2–3, the third one confluent with the marginal stripe extended along intervals 8–9 and ascending on posterior third. Some specimens with pale grey or greenish background and three pairs of dark-brown maculae on 2–3 intervals, extended on sides. Scales rounded, broadly overlapped, dense, usually forming circles around setae and punctures of elytra, usually rubbed on dorsum of elytral disc. Setae fine, suberect, short and anteriorly directed on rostrum and pronotum, longer and posteriorly directed on elytra, forming two irregular lines on each interval, very long on apical declivity.</p><p>Rostrum truncate-conical (WF/WR 1.20–1.30×), as long as wide at apex; lateral carinae indistinct. Eyes slightly protruding; postocular constriction indistinct. Antennae short, moderately broad, setose; scape not reaching hind margin of eye; funicle segment 2, 1.75 –2.0 × as long as segment 1; club ca. 2.40 as long as wide. Pronotum subcylindrical, widest near middle (WP/LP 1.25–1.35×); anterior margin anteriorly curved; sides curved; disc feeble punctate; posterior margin almost straight, not beveled. Scutellum very small, denuded. Elytra oval (LE/WE 1.301.40×; LE/LP 2.20–2.50×; WE/WP 1.25–1.40×); base straight, slightly thickened; humeri absent; apical declivity feeble; punctures of striae smaller than in P. albosignatus, lacking distinct round scale. Legs. Profemora slightly wider than metafemora (PF/MF ca. 1.20×); protibiae mucronate, with line of 8-9 denticles on inner margin; meso and metatibiae lacking mucro and denticles; corbel of metatibiae moderately broad, squamose; distal comb about as long as dorsal comb.</p><p>Female genitalia. Spermatheca (Fig. 18) subcylindrical; collum truncate-conical, perpendicular to axis of spermathecal body, shorter than in remaining members of the species group; ramus indistinct; cornu shorter than spermathecal body, apex exceeding level of gland entrance. Spermathecal gland about 2× as long as spermatheca; spermathecal duct about 4.5× as long as spermatheca.</p><p>Male (Fig. 5) 5.5–5.9 mm long, rostrum less tapered towards apex relative to females; sides of pronotum more curved; profemora distinctly wider than metafemora (PF/MF 1.40×). Male genitalia (Fig. 22). Penis about as long as abdomen; penis body strongly curved, slightly shorter than its apodemes, with semicircular ostium; apex tapered. Endophallus lacking sclerites.</p><p>Geographic distribution (Fig. 26). Mexico (Oaxaca and Veracruz). This species usually occurs below 1000masl, in cloud forests and tropical deciduous forests .</p><p>Type material: Pantomorus parvulus was described based on six specimens from Mexico, Sallé collection (Juquila, Etla and Las Peras) and Höge collection (Jalapa and Cerro de Plumas), currently deposited at BMNH and USNM. We designate as lectotype, the only specimen labeled as type at the BMNH, which is a female from Etla (Oaxaca). This female was originally pinned and later remounted on a card (there is a hole on the anterior third of the right elytron). The specimen from Las Peras (Oaxaca) mentioned by Sharp (1891) as part of the type series, is probably misplaced .</p><p>The specimens of the Sallé collection are labeled as Naupactus perarduus Chevr. in litteris. There is a female labeled as N. perarduus Chevr., without locality information, in the Gorham collection of USNM that could be part of the type series, but we do not have enough evidence to presume this to be so (the specimen is included in other material examined).</p><p>Other material examined: MEXICO. Oaxaca: 10.9 km N Candelaria, 991m, 12-VII-1987, R Anderson, cloud forest (1♀ 1♂ CMNC) ; 7.6 km S San Gabriel Mixtepec, 762m, 10-VII-1987, R Anderson, tropical deciduous forest (3♂ CMNC) ; 24.3km N San Gabriel Mixtepec, 1174 m, 11-VII-1987, R Anderson, cloud forest (1♀ CMNC); Salina Cruz, La Ventosa, 16-VIII-2008, 25m, 1610’44.8’’N, 9509’27’’W, Arturo Casasola &amp; MV Rosas (2♀ MZFC) ; 39.1 km SE Teotitlán del Camino, 518 m, 21-VII-1987, Acacia scrub, R Anderson (1♂ CMNC). Mexico. no loc. (1♂ BMNH); no loc., Gorham collection (1♀ as N. perarduus Chevr. nomen nudum, USNM) .</p><p>Remarks. Females of P. parvulus mainly differ from females of P. albosignatus in their smaller size, less protruding eyes, rostrum less tapered towards apex, antennae more slender, with longer funicle segments, elytra narrower relative to width of pronotum, base of elytra not thickened, apex more acute and apical declivity feeble. Males of P. parvulus mainly differ from males of P. albosignatus in the pronotum more convex and curved on the flanks.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/56132B081026FFE1FF15DEA84446943D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lanteri, Analia A.;Rio, Maria Guadalupe Del	Lanteri, Analia A., Rio, Maria Guadalupe Del (2020): Revision of the Pantomorus albosignatus species group (Coleoptera: Curculionidae Entiminae) from Mexico and Central America. Zootaxa 4819 (3): 557-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.3.7
56132B081025FFEFFF15DF5043DE94F1.text	56132B081025FFEFFF15DF5043DE94F1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pantomorus andersoni Lanteri & Rio 2020	<div><p>Pantomorus andersoni Lanteri &amp; del Rio, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 3, 6, 8, 19, 23, 25, 26)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 911EBCD9-FA47-4931-949D-1D1572110958</p><p>Type material. Holotype female, 6.5 mm long, glued on a card [Mex: Guerrero / 2-4mi N/ Chilpancingo / VI-241983] [B.K. Dozier] (FSCA). Allotype male, 6 mm long, glued on a card [Mex: Guerrero / 2-4 mi N/ Chilpancingo /24-VI-1983] [B. K. Dozier] (FSCA). Other paratypes: Guerrero: 2-4 mi N Chilpancingo, 24-VI-1983, B.K. Dozier (1♂ FSCA, 1♂ MLP); Mezcala, 3-VI-1946, J &amp; D Pallister (1♀ 1♂ AMNH); 10-12 km E Xochipala, 795-885m, 1748´N 98 25’W, 30-VI-1992, RL Westcott (1♀ CMNC, 1♀ MLP); 9.7 km E Xochipala, 1036m, 5-VII-1987, R Anderson, Acacia cactus woodland (1♂ CMNC); 3 km SE Xalitla, 610m, 1800’N, 9824’W, 16-VII-1992, RL Westcott (1♀ CMNC).</p><p>Differential diagnosis. The background color of vestiture is usually darker than in P. albosignatus; scales are larger, more appressed, and do not form circles around punctures and setae of the elytra; setae along intervals are denser. Eyes are more protruding; pronotum is slightly truncate conical instead of subcylindrical, more strongly punctate on dorsum, with slightly bisinuate, beveled posterior margin, and posterolateral angles produced, directed outwards; elytra are shorter with respect to the pronotum, punctures of the striae are larger and apical declivity is more abrupt. The collum of the spermatheca is slightly shorter than in P. albosignatus; the spermathecal duct and gland are slightly longer, same as the penis of the males.</p><p>Description. Holotype female (Figs. 3, 8) 6.5 mm long. Vestiture dense, usually brown with characteristic patter of whitish stripes. Pronotum with five longitudinal stripes, extended along midline (very narrow), dorsum and margins, the latter prolonged on head (below eyes) and elytra (marginal stripes); disc of elytra with three pairs of white maculae, on intervals 3, 3-4, and 2-5, in some specimens confluent with each other and with the marginal stripe, ascending from interval 9 to 6 in the posterior third. Scales rounded, broadly overlapped in the white stripes, and somewhat elongate in the dark- brown background of elytra. Setae on dorsum fine, suberect, shorter and anteriorly directed on head and pronotum, longer and posteriorly directed on elytra, forming 3–4 irregular lines along each interval, longer on apical declivity. Vestiture of venter composed of whitish scales on sides of abdomen and suberect setae. Legs covered with small, round, scattered scales and fine setae.</p><p>Rostrum strongly truncate-conical (WF/WR 1.55×), as long as wide at apex; lateral carinae feeble. Eye round-ed, strongly protruding; postocular constriction distinct. Antennae short, stout, setose; scape coarse, reaching about 2/3 of eyes; funicle segment 2 ca. 1.5× as long as segment 1, funicle segments 3–7 ca. 1.5× as long as wide at apex, club ca. 2× as long as wide. Pronotum slightly subconical, with curved flanks (WP/LP ca. 1.30×); anterior margin almost straight; sides divergent, slightly curved; disc strongly punctate; posterior margin slightly bisinuate, beveled. Scutellum small, setose. Elytra oval, very short and broad (LE/WE 1.25×; LE/LP 2.25×; WE/WP 1.40×); base slightly V-shaped, thickened; humeri absent; apical declivity abrupt; intervals flat; punctures of striae broad. Legs. Profemora slightly wider than metafemora (PF/MF 1.15×); protibiae mucronate, with line of 8-9 denticles on inner margin; meso and metatibiae lacking mucro and denticles; corbel of metatibiae moderately broad, covered with small scales; distal comb about as long as dorsal comb.</p><p>Female terminalia. Sternite VIII and ovipositor as in figures 15–16. Spermatheca (Fig. 19) subcylindrical; collum truncate-conical, almost perpendicular to axis of spermathecal body, slightly shorter than in P. albosignatus; ramus indistinct; cornu shorter than spermathecal body, apex reaching level of gland entrance. Spermathecal gland ca. 2.2× as long as spermatheca; spermathecal duct ca. 5.7× as long as spermatheca.</p><p>Allotype male (Fig. 6) 6 mm long. Pronotum slightly narrower and more elongate relative to elytra (WF/WR 1.50×, WP/LP 1.25×, LE/WE 1.30×, LE/LP 2.10×; WE/WP 1.30×). Profemora slightly wider than in females (ca. 1.18×); mesotibiae with small mucro. Male genitalia (Figs. 23, 25). Penis about as long as abdomen; penis body strongly curved, slightly shorter than its apodemes, more slender than in remaining members of the species group, with semicircular ostium; apex tapered. Endophallus lacking sclerites.</p><p>Geographic distribution (Fig. 26). Mexico (Guerrero), between 500 and 1000 masl, in Acacia-cactus woodlands .</p><p>Remarks. Most specimens of P. andersoni are slightly larger than those of P. albosignatus, and the background color of the vestiture is usually darker (dark-brown instead of grey), however, in one paratype from Xochipala the background is almost uniformly grey and the typical maculation of the species is almost absent.</p><p>In the samples of P. andersoni the ratio females/males is about 1. Conversely, most populations of P. albosignatus occurring above 1,500 masl are composed only of females.</p><p>Etymology. This new species is described after the outstanding weevil specialist and very good friend Robert Anderson, from the Canadian Museum of Nature.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/56132B081025FFEFFF15DF5043DE94F1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lanteri, Analia A.;Rio, Maria Guadalupe Del	Lanteri, Analia A., Rio, Maria Guadalupe Del (2020): Revision of the Pantomorus albosignatus species group (Coleoptera: Curculionidae Entiminae) from Mexico and Central America. Zootaxa 4819 (3): 557-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.3.7
56132B08102BFFECFF15DC2940899011.text	56132B08102BFFECFF15DC2940899011.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pantomorus crinitus (Boheman 1840)	<div><p>Pantomorus crinitus (Boheman)</p><p>(Figs. 9–14, 20, 24, 26)</p><p>Naupactus crinitus Boheman in Schoenherr 1840: 20 . Type material: lectotype female herein designated; [México]; 7 mm long, pinned, at NHRS.</p><p>Pantomorus crinitus: Chevrolat 1879: 130; Sharp, 1891: 157.</p><p>Naupactus nobilis Boheman in Schoenherr 1840: 19 . Type material: lectotype female herein designated; [México, Alvarado] (Veracruz); 5 mm long, pinned, at NHRS. New synonymy.</p><p>Pantomorus nobilis: Chevrolat 1879: 130; Sharp, 1891: 158.</p><p>Pantomorus affinis Sharp 1891: 157 . Type material: lectotype male herein designated; [México, Oaxaca, Höge]; 6.5 mm long glued on a card, at BMNH. Paralectotype male, with same data as lectotype, at BMNH. Syn. by Champion 1911: 334.</p><p>Pantomorus crinitus var affini s: O’Brien &amp; Wibmer 1982: 30.</p><p>Redescription. Female (Figs. 9-11) 5.5–7.0 mm long. Vestiture usually greenish or pinkish-grey, with two pair of light stripes along margins of pronotum and elytra, the later antero- posteriorly directed from base of interval 9 to middle length of interval 6; base of pronotum and suture of elytra pale or iridescent green; some specimens from Chiapas with one to three pairs of dark-brown maculae on elytra, usually on intervals 2–4; ventral surface often iridescent green. Scales rounded, broadly overlapped, covering entire integument. Setae fine, suberect, short and anteriorly directed on rostrum and pronotum, long and posteriorly directed on elytra, forming 3–4 irregular lines along each interval, longer on apical declivity.</p><p>Rostrum truncate-conical (WF/WR 1.35–1.40×), about as long as wide at apex; lateral carinae subtle, squamose. Eyes moderately protruding; postocular constriction feeble. Antennae short, slender, setose; scape not reaching hind margin of eye; funicle segment 2 twice as long as segment 1; club 2.6× as long as wide. Pronotum subcylindrical, widest near posterior two third, (WP/LP 1.25-1.35×); anterior margin feeble curved; disc slightly punctate; posterior margin almost straight, not beveled. Scutellum small, setose. Elytra broadly oval (LE/WE 1.35–1.40×; LE/LP 2.352.50×; WE/WP 1.35-1.45×); base almost straight, not thickened; humeri vestigial; apical declivity abrupt; punctures of striae small. Legs with profemora slightly wider than metafemora (PF/MF 1.20×); protibiae mucronate, with line of 8-9 large denticles on inner margin; meso and metatibiae lacking mucro and denticles; corbel of metatibiae moderately broad, squamose; distal comb about as long as dorsal comb.</p><p>Female genitalia. Spermatheca (Fig. 20) subcylindrical; collum truncate conical, slightly curved towards gland entrance, which is slightly protruding; cornu shorter than spermathecal body. Spermathecal duct membranous, very slender, about 3.7X as long as spermatheca; spermathecal gland tubular, about gland 2× as long as spermatheca.</p><p>Male (Figs. 12–14) 5.0– 6.5 mm long. Pronotum and elytra more slender and elongate than in female (WP/LP 1.20-1.25×, LE/WE 1.35-1.45×, LE/LP 2.10-2.20×, WE/WP 1.15-1.25×); profemora distinctly wider than metafemora (ca. 1.40×).</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 24). Penis about as long as ventrite 1-5; penis body strongly curved, slightly shorter than its apodemes, broader than in remaining members of the species group, with semicircular ostium; apex tapered. Endophallus with pair of elongate sclerites and central oval sclerite (Fig. 24).</p><p>Geographic distribution (Fig. 26). El Salvador (Chalatenango), Guatemala (Guatemala city and Quetzaltenango) and Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca and Veracruz), between 100 and 1000 masl. The former two countries were added to the range of P. crinitus by Champion (1911) and were confirmed by O´Brien &amp; Wibmer (1982: 30); however, two specimens from El Salvador (San Salvador and Izalco), labeled by Champion as P. crinitus and deposited at USNM, do not belong to this species. Pantomorus crinitus reaches southern latitudes and lower elevations relative to P. albosignatus, and mainly occurs in open oak pine forests, cloud forests and tropical deciduous forests.</p><p>Type material: When revising the type material at the NHRS, we only found a single female of Naupactus crinitus and a single female of N. nobilis labeled as typus. Since in Boheman in Schoenherr (1840) there is no information about the number of specimens studied by the author, we consider each one as a syntype and designated them as lectotypes. On the other hand, Pantomorus affinis was described by Sharp (1891) based on two males from Mexico, Oaxaca, without indication of locality. These males are at the BMNH, but only one has a label of type, and this one was herein designated as lectotype.</p><p>The synonymy of P. affinis with P. crinitus was established by Champion (1911) when he studied a large series from Mexico, Guatemala and El Salvador, and he realized that the species shows remarkable variation. In the checklist of O´Brien and Wibmer (1982) this species is considered as a variety of P. crinitus .</p><p>Other material examined: EL SALVADOR. Chalatenango: La Palma, 5-VI-1956, E Möhn (1♀ ASUCOB) . GUATEMALA. Guatemala: San Isidro, 487m, Champion (1♂ BMNH) . Quetzaltenango: 25.2 km SW Zunil, 800 m, 20-VI-1993, F Génier (1♀ CMNC) ; Retalhuleu, 18.23- VI-1986 (1♀ 1♂ MLP) . MEXICO. Chiapas: Escuintla, VI-1925 (1♀ ASUCOB, 1♀ 1♂ BMNH) ; 20km Motozintla, Comitan, 900 m, 8-VII-1988, A Cadena &amp; L Cervantes (1♀ ASUCOB) . Tapachula, Höge (3♀ USNM, 7♀ 7♂ BMNH) ; Villaflores, Los Ángeles Campo, CONANP, Reserva Biosfera La Sepultura, 1615’49.7’’N, 9337’01.3’’W, 1000 m, 3.31- VII-2005, R Anderson, open oak pine forests, beating oaks (1♀ CMNC) . Oaxaca: 10.8 mi W Pinotepa Nacional, 7-VII-1987, Kovarik &amp; Schaffner (3♀ CMNC) ; 8 mi N Jct 125/ 200, 195m, 19-VII-1986, S McClkeve (1♀ 1♂ CMNC) ; 5 mi W jct 190/185, IS Askevold, desert scrub (2♀ CMNC); San Gabriel Mixtepec, 762 m, 10-VII-1987, R Anderson, trop dec for (1♀ CMNC) ; San Gabriel Mixtepec, 1174m, 11-VII-1987, R Anderson, cloud forest (1♀ CMNC) ; Oaxaca, Höge (1♂ BMNH) . Veracruz: Atoyac (2♂ BMNH) ; Córdoba (2♀ BMNH) ; Barranca de Cayoapa, Teocelo, 800m, 26-VII-1980, K Luna (1♀ UBUNAM) ; Córdoba, F Knab, 12-VI-1937 (3♀ 5♂ USNM) ; Córdoba, 4-VII-1965, AB Lau (8♀ 3♂ USNM) ; Córdoba (2♀ BMNH) ; hwy 150, 3 km SE Cuitláhuac, on foliage of “ Tinaja ( Rutaceae) (1♀ ASUCOB) ; El Palmar, 16km W Tetzonapa, 9.15- VI-1948, Werner-Nutting (1♂ ASUCOB) ; Lago Catemaco, 25-VIII1965, AR Gillogly (1♀ ASUCOB) ; Lake Catemaco, 8.16- IX-1960, H &amp; A Howden (1♀ CMNC) ; Catemaco, 31-VII-1983, M Kaubars (3♀ 1♂ CMNC) ; Orizaba (1♂ BMNH) ; Playa Vicente (2♀ BMNH) ; Presidio, 28-VII-1965, A.B. és Tuxtla 460m, Lago Encantada, B&amp;B Valentine (2♀ BMNH) ; Lau (2♀ 2♂ USNM) ; Santa Lucrecia (1♀ 1♂ BMNH) ; 18 mi W Tinaja, 26-VI-1971, CW &amp; L O’Brien (14♀ ASUCOB; 3♀ 1♂ MLP) ; 2mi NE San Andrés Tuxtla, 460m, Lago Encantada, B &amp; B Valentine (2♀ BMNH) ; Toxpan (4♀ BMNH) . MEXICO. No loc. (3♂ BMNH as P. nobilis) .</p><p>Remarks. According to Sharp (1891: 158) P. nobilis (Fig. 10), is very close indeed to some of the greenish-grey unicolorous examples of P. crinitus (Fig. 9). We agree and observed that the only difference between both nominal species is in the color of the vestiture, usually almost uniformly grey or green, consequently, we consider Naupactus nobilis Boheman as a new junior subjective synonym of Naupactus crinitus Boheman.</p><p>We also agree with the synonymy of P. affinis (Fig. 12) and P. crinitus (Fig. 9) as established by Champion (1911: 334), after the examination of a larger sample of specimens, not only from southern Mexico but also from Guatemala and El Salvador. In the series from Tapachula (Chiapas), this author found females and males whose elytra show dark- brown maculae on a pale background, a variation described as fuco-maculate (Champion 1911: 334) (Figs. 11, 14).</p><p>After studying the types of the three species, we realized that the nominal species described by Boheman ( P. crinitus and P. nobilis) are based on females, and they are distinguished from the type of P. affinis Sharp, described based on males, not only in the color of the vestiture, but also in the characters of sexual dimorphism (see Figs. 911, and 12–14). Pantomorus crinitus differs from the remaining species of the same group, by the slender antennae, with funicle segment 2 about twice as long as segment 1; the presence of vestigial humeri in females; and the coarse penis, with sclerites in the endophallus of males. The maculation of the elytra, if present, looks like the opposite of the pattern seen in P. albosignatus and P. andersoni: brown maculae on a pale background, instead of white maculae on a dark background.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/56132B08102BFFECFF15DC2940899011	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lanteri, Analia A.;Rio, Maria Guadalupe Del	Lanteri, Analia A., Rio, Maria Guadalupe Del (2020): Revision of the Pantomorus albosignatus species group (Coleoptera: Curculionidae Entiminae) from Mexico and Central America. Zootaxa 4819 (3): 557-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.3.7
