identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
566287FEA0132B7C04897290FD737B0C.text	566287FEA0132B7C04897290FD737B0C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Brachistosternus (Leptosternus) cepedai	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Brachistosternus (Leptosternus) cepedai n. sp.</p>
            <p>Figs. 1–10, 23, 24; Table 1</p>
            <p>Type material: Holotype ɗ: Chile, IV Región, Elqui Province, 5 km from Punta Choros, near the route to Choros, 29°14'29.0'' S, 71°25'45.9'' W, 12 m a.s.l, 22/II/2006, A.A. Ojanguren-Affilastro, L. Compagnucci, and A.C. Cuezzo, UV sampling in dunes (MACN-Ar 12246). Paratypes: 2 ɗ, same data as holotype (AMNH); 1 ɗ, 1 Ψ, same data as holotype (CDA); 20 ɗ, 5 Ψ, (same data as holotype) (MACN-Ar); 4 ɗ, 7 Ψ, same date as holotype (LEULS); 3 ɗ, 10 Ψ, 20 km from Punta Choros, 27°37´77´´ S, 67°53´126´´ W, 20 m a.s.l, 26/VIII/ 2005, D. Valdivia, UV sampling in dunes (MZUC-UCCC). 3 ɗ, 10 Ψ, 15 km from Punta Choros, 27°03´78´´ S, 67°55´851´´ W, 9/XI/2005, J. Pizarro, 2 m a.s.l, UV sampling in dunes (MNHN).</p>
            <p>Additional material. 2 juveniles (AMCC [LP 5844]), same data as holotype.</p>
            <p>Etymology. This species is named after the Chilean biologist Jorge Cepeda-Pizarro, who has carried out an extensive research on the epigean arthropods of the arid zones of northern Chile.</p>
            <p> Diagnosis.  Brachistosternus (L.) cepedai n. sp. is closely related to  Brachistosternus (L.) sciosciae Ojanguren-Affilastro 2002 . These two species can be distinguished by the following characters: (1) androvestigiae are present but poorly developed in males of  Br. (L.) cepedai n. sp. whereas they are absent in males of  Br. (L.) sciosciae . (2) Hemispermatophores of these species are morphologically different: in  Br. (L.) sciosciae the distal lamina is straight and longer than the basal portion, whereas in  Br. (L.) cepedai n. sp. it is curved and of the same length as the basal portion; in  Br. (L.) sciosciae the basal triangle is vestigial, whereas in  Br. (L.) cepedai n. sp. it is absent or reduced to a small bulge. </p>
            <p>Description: Measurements of a male specimen and a female specimen (paratypes) are recorded in Table 1.</p>
            <p> Br. (L.) cepedai Br. (L.) coquimbo</p>
            <p>Paratype ɗ Paratype Ψ Holotype ɗ Paratype Ψ</p>
            <p>LEULS LEULS MACN-Ar MACN-Ar Color: Light yellow, with some faint spots on the carapace and the tergites. Chelicerae: not pigmented. Carapace: median ocular tubercle and area around lateral ocelli infuscated; without pigmentation except for a slight reticular pattern around the ocular tubercle. Tergites: with three faint spots, two laterals and one median; the median spot darker than the lateral ones, (in poorly pigmented specimens the only visible spot of the tergites). Sternites: not pigmented. Metasoma: segments I–III, dorsal surfaces each with an antero-median narrow stripe, and two posterolateral dark spots, lateral and ventral surfaces not pigmented, ventral surface with a narrow VM stripe, that is absent in poorly pigmented specimens; segment IV, dorsal surface with an anteromedian narrow stripe, lateral surfaces unpigmented, ventral surfaces with a narrow VM stripe; segment V, dorsal and lateral surfaces similar to segment IV, ventral surface with a narrow VM stripe and with two narrow VL stripes, that do not join with the VM stripe. Telson: vesicle not pigmented; aculeus dark brown. Pedipalps: femur slightly pigmented on the posterior margin, and near the articulation with the patella; patella slightly pigmented on anterior and posterior margins; chela not pigmented. Legs: femur slightly pigmented near articulation with patella; remaining segments not pigmented.</p>
            <p> Morphology. Carapace: anterior margin convex with a slight median projection; anterior longitudinal sulcus well developed; ocular tubercle well developed, situated anteromedially, interocular sulcus weakly developed, median ocelli almost two diameters apart; three pairs of lateral ocelli, considerably smaller than the median ones; anterior and posterior longitudinal sulci, lateral sulcus and postocular furrow well developed; carapace lateral surfaces slightly granular, smooth near the ocular tubercle and the anterior longitudinal sulcus. Chelicerae with two subdistal teeth. Hemispermatophore: cylindrical apophysis vestigial (Fig. 2); distal lamina narrow, curved, similar in size to, or slightly longer than the basal portion (Fig. 3); basal triangle absent, or reduced to a small bulge; internal spines, basal spines and row of spines absent. Mesosoma: Tergites I–VI, entirely smooth in females, they are smooth in anterior two-thirds, and slightly granular in the posterior third in males; tergite VII, surface slightly granular in the posterior two-thirds, two PL and two VL carinae apparent in the second half. Sternites: granular in males, smooth in segments I–IV and coarsely granular in segment V in females; spiracles narrow, and medium-sized. Sternum type 2 (Soleglad &amp; Fet 2003) much wider than long, apex width almost equal to posterior width, posterior emargination quite well developed, with convex lateral lobes conspicuously separated. Pectines: pectinal teeth, 25–29 in males (N = 20; median = 27), 17–23 in females (N = 20; median = 21). Metasoma: segments I–IV each with a pair of dorsolateral macrosetae, segment V with one or two pairs of dorsal macrosetae; metasomal segments I–III: dorsal and ventral surfaces densely granular in males, smooth in females, lateral surface densely granular except the area between LSM and LIM carinae; LSM and LIM carina present only in the posterior two thirds of the segment, DL carina extending the entire length of segment, but almost indistinguishable because of the granules of the tegument; metasomal segment IV: ventral surface smooth, covered by scattered macrosetae; DL carina weakly developed, extending the entire length of segment; LIM carina poorly developed, only present in the distal quarter of the segment; LSM carina apparent only at the anterior and posterior margins of the segment; VL carina present on the entire length of the segment but poorly developed, only represented by a slight elevation of the tegument; surfaces between carinae smooth in females and slightly granular in males. Metasomal segment V: androvestigia small-sized, and very narrow, located submedially (Fig. 4); dorsal and lateral surfaces slightly granular (male) or smooth (female); ventral surface sparsely granular, more densely granular in the posterior third of the segment (Fig. 5); ventral macrosetae usually comprising four rows, the first row with four macrosetae, the rest with one or two macrosetae; DL carinae weakly developed; VL carinae well developed, extending the entire length of segment; VM carina absent or weakly developed, represented only by some granules in the posterior half of segment. Telson: Vesicle with rounded ventral surface, lower in males; vesicle surface sparsely granular, with four granules slightly more developed than the rest and related with 4 macrosetae; telson gland absent or not evident; aculeus slightly curved, of the same length as the vesicle (Figs. 6, 7). Pedipalps: Femur: DI and VI carinae granular and well developed, DE carina only present in the proximal half of the segment, internal surface granular, remaining surfaces smooth, one macroseta (M1) associated with d and e trichobothria; patella: DI and VI carinae granular and well developed in males, less granular in females, remaining surfaces smooth; chela: smooth, VM carina weakly developed (Fig. 8), internal apophysis of male well developed (Fig. 9), fingers with a median row of denticles and five or six pairs of accessory denticles each, external denticles overlapping with median row near the base of the finger. Trichobothrial pattern of subgenus  Leptosternus (Figs. 8–10): Neobothriotaxic Major Type C, with one accessory trichobothrium in V series of chela; femur with 3 trichobothria (1 d, 1 i and 1 e); patella with 19 trichobothria (3 V, 2 d, 1 i, 3 et, 1 est, 2 em, 2 esb, and 5 eb); chela with 27 trichobothria (1 Est, 5 Et, 5 V, 1 Esb, 3 Eb, 1 Dt, 1 Db, 1 et, 1 est, 1 esb, 1 eb, 1 dt, 1 dst, 1 dsb, 1 db, 1 ib, 1 it). Legs: ventral surface of the femur with two longitudinal carinae, the rest of the surface smooth; telotarsi I and II: each with inner unguis ca. 15% shorter than external, and with the inner pedal spur absent or vestigial (Figs. 23, 24). </p>
            <p>Variation: Pedipalp chela length/height ratio, male 2.77–3.26 (N = 20; mean = 3.09), female 2.25–3.44 (N = 20; mean = 2.88); pedipalp chela length/width ratio, male 3.85–4.54 (N = 20; mean = 4.18), female 3.78– 4.42 (N = 15; mean = 4.11); metasomal segment V, length/width ratio, male 1.8–1.95 (N = 20; mean = 1.86), female 1.78–1.97 (N = 20; mean = 1.89); metasomal segment V, ventral macroseta 7–10 (N = 20; median = 8); metasomal segment V, ventrolateral macroseta 11–17 (N = 20; median = 14); telotarsus III, dorsal macroseta 12–15 (N = 20; median = 14); telotarsus III, ventrointernal macroseta 10–12 (N = 20; median = 11); telotarsus III, ventroexternal macroseta 5–7 (N = 20; median = 7); basitarsus III, dorsal macroseta 6–8 (N = 20; median = 7); total length (mm), male 36.5–48 (N = 20; mean = 41.5), female 39–66 (N = 18; mean = 62.3).</p>
            <p> Distribution and ecology.  Brachistosternus (L.) cepedai n. sp. inhabits in the  Coquimbo Region of northern Chile; all specimens have been collected in coastal dunes and in the coastal steppe near the localities of Choros and Punta Choros (Fig. 1). The localities where this species has been collected fall within the coastal desert of Huasco, pertaining to the transitional coastal desert of Chile (Gajardo 1993, Cepeda-Pizarro 1995). </p>
            <p> Brachistosternus (L.) cepedai n. sp. inhabits in sandy areas with scarce vegetation, usually Crystaria glaucophyla Cav. (  Malvaceae ) and  Tetragonia maritima Barn. (Aizoaceae) . This species lives in sympatry with the bothriurids  Bothriurus coriaceus Pocock 1893 ,  Brachistosternus (L.) roigalsinai Ojanguren-Affilastro 2002 , and an undescribed  Brachistosternus species, and the iurid  Caraboctonus keyserlingi Pocock 1893 , being the later absent from the coastal dunes. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/566287FEA0132B7C04897290FD737B0C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ojanguren-Affilastro, Andrés A.;Agusto, Pablo;Pizarro-Araya, Jaime;Mattoni, Camilo I.	Ojanguren-Affilastro, Andrés A., Agusto, Pablo, Pizarro-Araya, Jaime, Mattoni, Camilo I. (2007): Two new scorpion species of genus Brachistosternus (Scorpiones: Bothriuridae) from northern Chile. Zootaxa 1623: 55-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179242
566287FEA0172B70048973A3FE8A7E54.text	566287FEA0172B70048973A3FE8A7E54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Brachistosternus (Leptosternus) coquimbo	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Brachistosternus (Leptosternus) coquimbo n. sp.</p>
            <p>Figs. 1, 11–22; Table 1</p>
            <p> Type material: Holotype ɗ: Chile, IV Región,  Coquimbo , between Juntas and Paso del Agua Negra, 30°16'14.5'' S, 69°58'27.9'' W, 3000 m a.s.l, 6/II/2006; A.A. Ojanguren, L. Compagnucci &amp; C. Cuezzo (MACN-Ar). Paratypes: 4 ɗ, 1 juvenile; same data; 1 ɗ, Cancha Sky, El Indio mine, 29º51´00´´ S, 70º03´00´´ W, 3300 m a.s.l; 15/II/1992, H. Vásquez; 1 Ψ, Sancarrón, El Indio mine, 29º33´00´´ S, 70º14´00´´W; 5/II/ 1993; H. Vásquez (MACN-Ar). </p>
            <p>Etymology: The name of this species refers to the Chilean region where it has been collected.</p>
            <p> Diagnosis:  Brachistosternus (L.) coquimbo n. sp. is closely related with  Brachistosternus (L.) montanus Roig Alsina, 1977 . The two species can be distinguished by the following characters: (1)  Br. (L.) coquimbo has a narrower pedipalp chela. In males the chela length/width ratio varies from 4.7 to 5.09 (N = 6; mean = 4.85), and in the only studied female it is 4.33, whereas in the males of  Br. (L.) montanus it varies from 4.01 to 4.37 (N = 15; mean = 4.25) and in females it varies from 3.9 to 4.16 (N = 10; mean = 4.07); (2) in  Br. (L.) coquimbo males the chela length/height ratio varies from 3.63 to 3.93 (N = 6; mean = 3.81) and is 3.5 in the only studied female; whereas in  Br. (L.) montanus males it varies from 3.01 to 3.31 (N = 15; mean = 3.17), and in females it varies from 3.06 to 3.23 (N = 10; mean = 3.14).  Brachistosternus (L.) coquimbo n. sp. lives in sympatry with  Brachistosternus (L.) perettii Ojanguren-Affilastro &amp; Mattoni 2006 . The two species are easily distinguishable:  Br. (L.) perettii do not posses a VM carina of metasomal segment V whereas it is well developed and extends on the entire length of the segment in  Br. (L.) coquimbo . </p>
            <p>Description: Measurements of a male specimen and a female specimen are recorded in Table 1. Colour. General colour dark yellow with a dense dusky pattern. Chelicerae: with a dark spot near the base of the fingers, movable finger with a dark spot on the external surface. Carapace: densely pigmented; ocular tubercle and lateral ocelli black; area around the ocular tubercle densely pigmented, with two lateral dark stripes from the lateral sulci to the lateral ocelli, and with two posterolateral dark spots; remaining tegument with reticulate pattern. Tergites I–VI: each tergite with three dark spots, two lateral and one median spot, connected by dense reticular pigmentation. Tergite VII with five dark spots, two antero-lateral, two postero-lateral, and an anteromedian spot, sometimes connected by a faint reticular pattern. Sternites: not pigmented. Metasoma: metasomal segments I–III: dorsal surface with an antero-median thin stripe, and two posterolateral dark spots; lateral surfaces depigmented; ventral surface with one thick VM and two thin VL stripes, joined distally; VM stripe barely visible in segment I, absent in some specimens, more noticeable in segment II, and well marked in segment III. Metasomal segment IV: dorsal surface with a faint small antero-median spot, and with two small posterolateral dark spots; lateral surfaces with reticulate pigment; ventral surface with one thick VM and two thin VL stripes joining in the posterior third of the segment,and connected by reticular pattern in the remaining surface. Metasomal segment V: dorsal surface with two DL faint stripes; lateral surface with slight reticular pattern; ventral surface with one thin, dark VM and two thick VL stripes that join in the posterior third of the segment; in the anterior half of the segment the VL stripes divided in four thin lines, two VL and two VSM, that join in the posterior half of the segment. Telson: vesicle with the ventral and dorsolateral surfaces densely pigmented; aculeus dark brawn. Pedipalps: femur densely pigmented near patella articulation, and in the anterior and posterior surfaces, with a dark stripe on the DE margin; patella with one DI and one DE stripe, densely pigmented near chela articulation, remaining surfaces with dense reticular pattern; chela manus with longitudinal stripes joined by a faint reticular pigment, fingers not pigmented. Legs: femur and patella densely pigmented, remaining segments not pigmented.</p>
            <p> Morphology. Carapace: Anterior margin with a slight median bulge; tegument smooth near the ocular tubercle, lateral surfaces densely granular; ocular tubercle slightly anterior to the middle of the carapace, interocular sulcus deeply marked, median ocelli two diameters apart, with a seta behind each eye; anterior, laterals and posterior longitudinal sulci well marked, postocular furrow deeply marked. Chelicerae with two subdistal teeth. Hemispermatophore: distal lamina thick and slightly curved, approximately of the same size as the basal portion (Figs. 11, 12); cylindrical apophysis well developed, longer than the laminar apophysis; basal triangle well developed, formed by 2 or 3 crests; internal spines absent; basal spines and row of spines poorly developed, and aligned along the same axis (Fig. 13). Mesosoma: Tergites I–VI finely granular in the distal margin, remaining areas smooth. Tergite VII smooth in the median area, remaining areas densely granular, with two lateral carinae in the posterior half of the segment. Sternites: Sternite I smooth in the anterior half of the segment, coarsely granular in the posterior half; Sternites II–V densely granular. Spiracles narrow and well developed. Sternum type 2 (Soleglad &amp; Fet 2003) much wider than long, apex width almost equal to posterior width, posterior emargination quite well developed, with convex lateral lobes conspicuously separated. Pectines: pectinal teeth 29–34 in males (N = 5; median = 32), 29–30 in the only studied female. Metasoma: Metasomal segments I–III: tegument densely granular; LSM and LIM carinae present on the distal 3/4 of the segment; DL carina weakly developed, extending on the entire length of the segment. Metasomal segment IV: dorsal and lateral surfaces granular; ventral surface smooth with a large number of scattered setae; DL carinae and LSM carinae extending on the entire length of the segment, but poorly developed; LIM carina only present in the last third of the segment. Metasomal segment V: slightly wider in its median part than near the anterior and posterior margins in males (Fig. 14); dorsal surface smooth; androvestigia long and well developed, occupying almost 50 % of the dorsal surface (Fig. 15); lateral surface granular; LSM and DL carinae granular, extending the entire length of the segment but poorly developed; ventral surface irregularly granular, specially in the second half of the segment; VL and VM carinae extending on the entire length of the segment; four rows of ventral setae, two basal rows of four setae and two posterior rows of one or two setae each. Telson: dorsal gland in males almost triangular and well developed (Fig. 16); vesicle with rounded ventral surface (Figs. 17, 18), ventral surface slightly granular; aculeus slightly curved, of the same length as the vesicle. Pedipalps: Femur: internal surface slightly granular; VI, DE, and DI carinae granular, extending on the entire length of the segment, but poorly developed; remaining surfaces smooth. Patella: internal surface with scattered granules; DI and VI carinae extending on the entire length of the segment, but poorly developed; remaining surfaces of the tegument smooth. Chela: manus very narrow, with smooth tegument; ventrointernal carina poorly developed (Fig. 19); prolateral apophysis well developed in males; movable finger with a median row of granules and 5 or 6 internal and external granules that do not overlap with the median row of granules. Trichobothrial pattern of subgenus  Leptosternus (Figs. 19–22): Neobothriotaxic Major Type C, with one accessory trichobothrium in V series of chela; femur with 3 trichobothria (1 d, 1 i and 1 e); patella with 19 trichobothria (3 V, 2 d, 1 i, 3 et, 1 est, 2 em, 2 esb, and 5 eb); chela with 27 trichobothria (1 Est, 5 Et, 5 V, 1 Esb, 3 Eb, 1 Dt, 1 Db, 1 et, 1 est, 1 esb, 1 eb, 1 dt, 1 dst, 1 dsb, 1 db, 1 ib, 1 it). Legs: Tegument finely granular in femur; telotarsi I and II with the inner unguis 5 to 10 % shorter than the external one; internal and external basitarsal spurs well developed, of the same size in all segments. </p>
            <p>Variation: Pedipalp chela length/height ratio, male 3.63–3.93 (N = 6; mean = 3.81), female 3.5; pedipalp chela length/width ratio, male 4.7–5.09 (N = 6; mean = 4.85), female 4.33; metasomal segment V, length/ width ratio, male 1.5–1.7 (N = 6; mean = 1.61), female 1.4; metasomal segment V, ventral macroseta, 11–13 (N = 7; median = 12); metasomal segment V, ventrolateral macroseta, 8–9 (N = 7; median = 8); telotarsus III, dorsal macroseta, 10–12 (N = 7; median = 11); telotarsus III, ventrointernal macroseta, 5–8 (N = 7; median = 7); telotarsus III, ventroexternal macroseta, 6–8 (N = 7; median = 7); basitarsus III, dorsal macroseta, 5–9 (N = 7; median = 8); total length (mm), males, 49–57 (N = 6; mean = 53), female: 44.</p>
            <p> Distribution and ecology:  Brachistosternus (L.) coquimbo n. sp. has been collected in the Andean sector of  Coquimbo Region, (Chile), between 2850 to 3000 m a.s.l (Fig. 1). All localities are located within the high- Andean steppe of Doña Ana botanical subregion, of the Andean desert botanical region (Cepeda-Pizarro et al. 2006; Gajardo 1993; Squeo et al. 2006a, 2006b). </p>
            <p> Brachistosternus (L.) coquimbo n. sp. occurs in areas with fine clay substratum with scattered rocks. The vegetation of this area is composed mostly of small shrubs. This species has been collected in sympatry with  Br. (L.) perettii , and with an undescribed species of  Orobothriurus Maury, 1976 , closely related to  O. alticola (Pocock, 1899) . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/566287FEA0172B70048973A3FE8A7E54	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ojanguren-Affilastro, Andrés A.;Agusto, Pablo;Pizarro-Araya, Jaime;Mattoni, Camilo I.	Ojanguren-Affilastro, Andrés A., Agusto, Pablo, Pizarro-Araya, Jaime, Mattoni, Camilo I. (2007): Two new scorpion species of genus Brachistosternus (Scorpiones: Bothriuridae) from northern Chile. Zootaxa 1623: 55-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179242
