taxonID	type	description	language	source
564D87BDFF8A5E5CFC2EFB78FAECBAB6.taxon	description	(Fig. 2, NA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF8A5E5CFC2EFB78FAECBAB6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Bedok Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Pandan Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Yishun Pond (Kwik et al., 2013); Bishan Park (Yeo, 2013); Marina Reservoir (Anonymous, pers. comm., 2014).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF8A5E5CFC39F925FB9FB453.taxon	description	Potamotrygon motoro (Müller & Henle) (Fig. 1, SA [SPC]) Fig. 3. Lepisosteus oculatus, 119.9 mm SL, trade material.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF8A5E5CFED0F8D8FB0EB81B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Upper Seletar Reservoir (Ng et al., 2009; Chua G, 2010; Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010; Ho et al., 2016); Lower Peirce Reservoir (Lai, 2015; Ho et al., 2016); Banir stream [direct link to Lower Seletar Reservoir] (Tan & Zeng, 2015); Lower Seletar Reservoir (Ho et al., 2016).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF8A5E5CFED0F8D8FB0EB81B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Recent observations indicate a breeding population at Lower Peirce Reservoir, where up to six juveniles were sighted at night in shallow water adjacent to a boardwalk (Zhou H, pers. obs., August 2016). This stingray’s diet includes fishes and aquatic macroinvertebrates, including freshwater gastropods, crustaceans, and insect larvae (Tan & Tan, 2018; Kwik et al., in prep.).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF8E5E58FEDDFC8CFE67BA56.taxon	description	(Fig. 4, SA)	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF8E5E58FEDDFC8CFE67BA56.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Marina Reservoir (fishing _ vimal, 2017).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF8E5E58FEDDFC8CFE67BA56.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Sightings of Arapaima gigas (Arapaimidae) have been listed in forums (e. g., http: // forum. fishingkaki. com / discussion / 229269 / arapaima-in-singapore); however, these were never substantiated with photographs or locations until recently from Marina Reservoir near the steps along Boat Quay (fishing _ vimal, 2017). This species is available in the ornamental fish trade, although in limited quantity. This species grows to be one of the largest freshwater fish (Luna, 2020), and it is unsurprising that larger individuals are discarded or released into artificial water bodies when they out-grow their tanks.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF8E5E58FEAAF905FAEEB80F.taxon	description	(Fig. 5, SEA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF8E5E58FEAAF905FAEEB80F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Jurong Lake (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Kranji Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Upper Seletar Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Lower Seletar Reservoir (Ng & Lim, 1997 b; Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Pandan Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Upper Peirce Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); MacRitchie Reservoir (unpublished data); Punggol Reservoir (unpublished data).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF8E5E58FC39FBECFBB9BB16.taxon	description	(Fig. 6, SEA, SAs [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF8E5E58FC39FBECFBB9BB16.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Jurong Lake (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Murai Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Lower Peirce Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Lower Seletar Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Poyan Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Tengeh Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Kranji Marsh (Baker, 2013 c; Tan et al., 2016); Upper Seletar Reservoir spill gate (Tan HH, pers. obs., 2014); Pandan reservoir (unpublished data).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF8E5E5BFC5BF845FF04BE0B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Singapore Botanic Gardens (Anonymous, 1988 a); Lower Peirce Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve (Tan HH, pers. obs., mid- 2000 s).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF8D5E5BFF21FDE9FC3BBEDB.taxon	description	(Fig. 8, SEA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF8D5E5BFF21FDE9FC3BBEDB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Lim & Ng (1990) listed this species from the Central Catchment reservoirs; Lower Peirce Reservoir (Ng & Lim, 1997 a, 1997 b; Baker, 2013 b); Singapore Botanic Gardens (Anonymous, 1988 a); East Coast Park (Anonymous, 1988 a); Woodlands Town Garden (Anonymous, 1989 a); MacRitchie Reservoir (Ng & Lim, 1997 a, 1997 b; Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010; Tan, 2016 a); Bedok Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Upper Seletar Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Lower Seletar Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Pandan Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Upper Peirce Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve (National Parks Board, 2003; Baker, 2014); Pangsua Pond (Kwik et al., 2013; Tan, 2014 b); Central Remarks. This species is protected under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) Appendix I and breeding populations are established in the Central Catchment Nature Reserve reservoirs in Singapore (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010). One of the documented sources is from then-PPD (Primary Productions Department; presently divided into National Parks Board and Singapore Food Agency) (see Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010, for a more detailed account). The Singapore variants are of questionable sources, and probably the consequence of artificial crosses between recognised colour variants (Andy Yap, pers. comm.).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF8D5E5BFC4CFD38FB49B8E9.taxon	description	(Fig. 9, AU)	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF8D5E5BFC4CFD38FB49B8E9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Singapore Botanic Gardens, Swan Lake (Lim KKP, pers. obs., October 2010).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF8D5E5AFCB1FA4BFE85BD1B.taxon	description	(Fig. 10, SEA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF8D5E5AFCB1FA4BFE85BD1B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Choa Chu Kang pond (Ng & Lim, 1997 a; Lim & Tan, 2012); Kranji Marsh (Lim & Tan, 2012; Lim et al., 2013; Tan et al., 2016).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF8D5E5AFCB1FA4BFE85BD1B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Both juveniles and adults have been obtained from Kranji Marsh, suggesting an established breeding population there.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF8C5E5AFEFDFEF8FE57B864.taxon	description	(Fig. 11, SEA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF8C5E5AFEFDFEF8FE57B864.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Mandai area (Subaraj et al., 1995; Tan & Low, 2014); Andrew Road drain (Ng & Lim, 1997 a); Bukit Brown (Tan et al., 2013); Venus Drive (Tan HH, pers. obs., 2010); Pandan river (Tan HH, pers. obs., March 2014); outskirts of Nee Soon Swamp Forest (Ho et al., 2016); Tengah area (Cai YX, pers. obs., 11 January 2017); Bishan Park (unpublished data).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF8C5E5AFF53FB54FB48BF5B.taxon	description	(Fig. 12, SEA, EAs [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF8C5E5AFF53FB54FB48BF5B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Probably extirpated in Singapore as there have been no recent records; previously recorded from Serangoon area (de Beaufort, 1933; Tweedie, 1936; Alfred, 1966 a; Munro, 1990); Bukit Timah area (Alfred, 1966 a; Ng & Lim, 1997 a); MacRitchie Reservoir (Alfred, 1966 a; Anonymous, 1988 a); Kallang River (Alfred, 1966 a; Tan HH et al., 2010); Sungei Seletar (Alfred, 1966 a); Lower Peirce Reservoir (Ng & Lim, 1997 a, 1997 b); Central Catchment Nature Reserve — Sime Road forest (Lim, 1989; Ng & Lim, 1997 a, 1997 b).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF8C5E5AFF53FB54FB48BF5B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was an accidental introduction with imported fish fry from China (Johnson, 1964), possibly as early as 1912 (Alfred, 1966 a).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF8C5E5AFC3EFCB8FA5CB9EF.taxon	description	(Fig. 13, SEA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF8C5E5AFC3EFCB8FA5CB9EF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Jurong Lake (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF8C5E55FC23F9CCFDF5BE1B.taxon	description	(Fig. 14, SEA)	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF8C5E55FC23F9CCFDF5BE1B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Woodlands Town Garden (Anonymous, 1989 a).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF8C5E55FC23F9CCFDF5BE1B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was introduced as a food fish during the Japanese Occupation of Singapore (1942 – 1945) (Alfred, 1966 a; Mohsin & Ambak, 1983; Lim & Ng, 1990; Ng & Lim, 1997 a), but failed to gain popularity. There have not been any recent records (i. e., post- 1990).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF835E55FF03FDF8FA89BDDB.taxon	description	(Fig. 15, SEA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF835E55FF03FDF8FA89BDDB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Bedok Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Kallang River (now part of Marina Reservoir; Tan HH et al., 2010).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF835E55FF03FDF8FA89BDDB.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was most probably introduced from Java for aquaculture (Mohsin & Ambak, 1983). Present records are mainly from escapees or releases, as this species is a very popular ornamental fish and frequently used as feeder fish (Lim & Ng, 1990; Ng & Lim, 1997 a).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF835E55FEEBF9C6FC1FB935.taxon	description	(Fig. 16, EAs [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF835E55FEEBF9C6FC1FB935.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Not known.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF835E55FEEBF9C6FC1FB935.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Herre & Myers’ (1937) record was an escapee from cultivation, and this may not have established in Singapore. Tham (1973) commented that this is a rarely used fish for aquaculture, with fry imported from China. Presently, the juveniles of this fish are used quite extensively as feed for predatory fish in the ornamental fish trade (Tan HH, pers. obs.).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF835E55FCB5FE38FE5BB9D5.taxon	description	(Fig. 17, SEA)	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF835E55FCB5FE38FE5BB9D5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Jurong area (Alfred, 1966 a); MacRitchie Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Marina Reservoir (unpublished data); Jurong Lake (unpublished data).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF835E55FCB5FE38FE5BB9D5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Recorded as extinct in Singapore (Alfred, 1966 a); recent records probably represent non-native introductions (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF835E55FCA4FAA7FAF8BBBD.taxon	description	(Fig. 18, SEA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF835E55FCA4FAA7FAF8BBBD.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Punggol Reservoir (unpublished data).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF835E55FCA4FAA7FAF8BBBD.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is probably a discarded pet, as this species is actively promoted in the ornamental fish trade as an algae eater and for algae control (Tan HH, pers. obs.).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF825E54FF78FF79FF0BB86E.taxon	description	(Fig. 19, EAs)	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF825E54FF78FF79FF0BB86E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Upper Seletar Reservoir (previously known as Seletar Reservoir; Yang, 1984).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF825E54FF78FF79FF0BB86E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Herre & Myers’ (1937) record came from an experimental fish pond, and this may not have established in Singapore. Tham (1973) commented that it was the most popular fish cultured in fish ponds and the fry were imported from China. This species was reared in experimental floating cages in reservoirs as early as 1972, and subsequently used primarily for control of submerged macrophytes (Yang, 1984).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF825E54FED4FB4DFB52BD9B.taxon	description	(Fig. 20, EAs [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF825E54FED4FB4DFB52BD9B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Upper Seletar Reservoir (previously known as Seletar Reservoir; Yang, 1984); Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve (National Parks Board, 2003); Catchment Pond (Tan HH, pers. obs., 2000 s); Bedok Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Pandan Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Kent Ridge Park pond (Tan HTW et al., 2010; Tan, 2016 b); Pangsua pond (Kwik et al., 2013); Singapore Botanic Gardens (Tan HH, pers. obs., 2015); Singapore Quarry (Tan HH et al., 2017 b); Bishan Park (unpublished data).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF825E54FED4FB4DFB52BD9B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Herre & Myers’ (1937) record came from an experimental fish pond, and this species may not have established in Singapore then and presently (Lim & Ng, 1990). Tham (1973) commented that this was a popular cultured fish, which was bred locally. Many of the recent records refer to the colourful variants, indicative of discarded pets or mercy / religious release.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF825E54FC0DFE78FBBABFFD.taxon	description	(Fig. 21, SEA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF825E54FC0DFE78FBBABFFD.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Mandai area (Lim & Tan, 2011; Tan & Low, 2014); Bukit Brown (Tan et al., 2013); Bukit Timah area (Tan HH, pers. obs., February 2015); Tengah area (Cai YX, pers. obs., 11 January 2017).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF825E54FC3CFBDEFC15BA6C.taxon	description	(Fig. 22 [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF825E54FC3CFBDEFC15BA6C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Bukit Brown (Tan et al., 2013).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF825E54FC3CFBDEFC15BA6C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The presence of this hybrid was reported by Tan et al. (2013).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF825E54FC1FF94FFAFCB443.taxon	description	(Fig. 23, SEA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF825E54FC1FF94FFAFCB443.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Bukit Brown (Tan et al., 2013).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF815E57FED9FF78FAE9BCFB.taxon	description	(Fig. 24 [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF815E57FED9FF78FAE9BCFB.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is occasionally sold as live feed in the ornamental fish trade (Tan HH, pers. obs.).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF815E57FF70FD14FE85B92E.taxon	description	(Fig. 25, SAs [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF815E57FF70FD14FE85B92E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Upper Peirce Reservoir (Ng & Lim, 1997 b; Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Lower Peirce Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Singapore Botanic Gardens (Yeo & Lim, 2010).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF815E57FF70FD14FE85B92E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Woodlands Town Park pond (Kwik, 2013; Kwik et al., 2013).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF815E57FECEFA8CFA4DB88F.taxon	description	(Fig. 26, SEA)	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF815E57FECEFA8CFA4DB88F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Alfred (1966 a) considered this species extinct in Singapore. Recent populations are probably intentional releases or from Johor, Peninsular Malaysia, via raw water transfer (Ng & Lim, 1997 b; Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF815E57FCA2FED8FDA2BEA7.taxon	description	(Fig. 27, SEA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF815E57FCA2FED8FDA2BEA7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Bukit Brown (Tan et al., 2013).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF815E57FCD6FB6DFE69B45F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Upper Seletar Reservoir (previously known as Seletar Reservoir; Yang, 1984).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF815E57FCD6FB6DFE69B45F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is cultivated in ponds for food, and the fry stock is imported from China (Le Mare, 1949; Tham, 1973; Munro, 1990; Ng et al., 1993). This species was reared in experimental floating cages in reservoirs as early as 1972 (Yang, 1984).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF815E57FCD6FB6DFE69B45F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Sungei Sembawang — Senoko (Anonymous, 1988 a; Ng & Lim, 1997 a); Mandai Road area (Anonymous, 1998 a; Ng & Lim, 1997 a); Lower Seletar Reservoir (Tan HH, pers. obs., early 1990 s).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF815E56FC60F90DFCC2BF17.taxon	description	(Fig. 28, EAs)	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF815E56FC60F90DFCC2BF17.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Pandan Reservoir (Lim & Ng, 1990; Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Upper Seletar Reservoir (Yang, 1984; Lim Distribution. Jurong Lake (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Lower Peirce Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Lower Seletar Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Kent Ridge Park pond (Tan, 2016 b); Punggol Reservoir (unpublished data). & Ng, 1990; Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Kranji Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Jurong Lake (Lim KKP, pers. obs., 2011).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF815E56FC60F90DFCC2BF17.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is popular as food fish and fry were imported from China (Le Mare, 1949; Tham, 1973). This species was used extensively by the Public Utilities Board (PUB) to control plankton levels in reservoirs as early as 1972 (Yang, 1984; Lim & Ng, 1990; Ng & Lim, 1997 a); however, this species is not known to breed in the tropics and all stock for aquaculture is imported (Ng & Lim, 1997 b).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF805E56FEDDFC85FD0DB9DA.taxon	description	(Fig. 29, SAs)	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF805E56FEDDFC85FD0DB9DA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. MacRitchie Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF805E56FEDDFC85FD0DB9DA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This fish species is sometimes sold in wet markets and supermarkets in Singapore (Tan HH, pers. obs.).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF805E56FEECFA39FC2BBDB8.taxon	description	(Fig. 30, SEA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF805E56FEECFA39FC2BBDB8.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is not established in Singapore as no breeding populations are known (Lim & Ng, 1990; Ng & Lim, 1997 a).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF805E56FC49FE18FB35BBD0.taxon	description	(Fig. 31. EAs [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF805E56FC49FE18FB35BBD0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Probably extirpated in Singapore as there have been no recent records (Ng & Lim, 1997 a, 1997 b); previously recorded from Singapore Botanic Gardens (Tweedie, 1936; Alfred, 1966 a); Serangoon area (Tweedie, 1936; Alfred, 1966 a); Mandai Road area (Herre & Myers, 1937); MacRitchie Reservoir (Alfred, 1966 a); Sungei Seletar (Alfred, 1966 a); Sungei Whampoe (Alfred, 1966 a); Kallang River (Alfred, 1966 a; Tan HTW et al., 2010); Bukit Timah campus (Alfred ER, pers. comm., 2007); Lower Peirce Reservoir (Ng & Lim, 1997 a); Upper Seletar Reservoir (Ng & Lim, 1997 a).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF805E56FC49FE18FB35BBD0.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Regan (1913) described this fish species on the presumption that it was endemic to Singapore. Weber & de Beaufort (1916) followed suit in regarding the species as native and endemic, as did subsequent workers (Tweedie, 1936; Herre & Myers, 1937; Alfred, 1966 a; Johnson, 1973 a). The taxonomy was only resolved by Bănărescu in 1971, and its endemic / native status debunked. This species is now understood to be an accidental import, along with fingerlings of food fish species, imported from Hong Kong and southern China (Lim & Ng, 1990).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF875E51FF03FF78FC6CBD1B.taxon	description	(Fig. 32, SEA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF875E51FF03FF78FC6CBD1B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species could not be identified to species level as the taxonomic status is complicated and remains unresolved.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF875E51FF34FCC1FEA0B9EA.taxon	description	(Fig. 33, EAs)	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF875E51FF34FCC1FEA0B9EA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Not known.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF875E51FF34FCC1FEA0B9EA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Herre & Myers’ (1937) record came from an experimental fish pond, and this species may not have established in Singapore. Presently, this species can be occasionally found in ponds stocked for angling purposes (Yeo DCJ, pers. obs.).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF875E51FCBFFEF8FD6BBED2.taxon	description	(Fig. 35, SEA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF875E51FCBFFEF8FD6BBED2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Punggol Reservoir (unpublished data).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF875E51FC20FACDFA69BBAE.taxon	description	(Fig. 36, SAs [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF875E51FC20FACDFA69BBAE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. MacRitchie Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010). Distribution. Reported as an escapee in Sime Road forest (Anonymous, 1990) in Central Catchment Nature Reserve; this species is not an established species (Ng & Lim, 1997 a).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF865E50FEE4FF78FD42B962.taxon	description	(Fig. 37, SEA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF865E50FEE4FF78FD42B962.taxon	distribution	Distribution. MacRitchie Reservoir (Lim & Ng, 1990; Ng & Lim, 1997 b); Central Catchment Nature Reserve — Nee Soon Swamp Forest (Munro, 1990); MacRitchie Reservoir (Subaraj et al., 1995); Sime Road forest (Ng & Lim, 1997 a, 1997 b); Bukit Timah Nature Reserve — eastern boundary, Catchment Pond (Lim, 1995; Ng & Lim, 1997 b); Upper Seletar Reservoir (Munro, 1990); Lower Peirce Reservoir (Anonymous, 1990; Lim et al., 1995; Ng & Lim, 1997 a, 1997 b); Sungei Seletar (Banir confluence; Tan HH, pers. obs?, March 2017).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF865E50FEE4FF78FD42B962.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is occasionally sold as live feed in the ornamental fish trade (Tan HH, pers. obs.).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF865E50FEC1FA51FC17B8BB.taxon	description	(Fig. 38, SEA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF865E50FEC1FA51FC17B8BB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Herre & Myers (1937) obtained a single specimen from Singapore and commented that it had an aberrant barring pattern, but provided no location details; Central Catchment Nature Reserve — Nee Soon Swamp Forest (Anonymous, 1988 a; Munro, 1990; Ng & Lim, 1997 a; Ho et al., 2016; Li et al., 2016); Bukit Timah — Catchment Pond (Anonymous, 1988 a); Upper Seletar Reservoir (Munro, 1990; Lim et al., 1995; Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Seletar Reservoir Park (Munro, 1990); Seletar area (Ng et al., 1993); Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve (National Parks Board, 2003); Upper Peirce Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Lower Peirce Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Lower Seletar Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); MacRitchie Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Murai Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Tekong Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010; Lim et al., 2016); Tengah Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Kent Ridge Park ponds (Tan, 2016 b).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF865E50FEC1FA51FC17B8BB.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Ng HH & Tan HH (2010) only recorded this species as they listed species located from reservoirs. This species can be distinguished from its congener (P. partipentazona) that is also present and non-native to Singapore, on basis of the width of black bars (vs. slimmer), depth of body (vs. less deep), and larger overall adult size (vs. smaller).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF865E50FC05FB18FCC3B43D.taxon	description	(Fig. 39, SAs [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF865E50FC05FB18FCC3B43D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Sungei Seletar (Lim & Tan, 2011); Kranji Marsh (Lim & Tan, 2011; Tan et al., 2016); Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve (Lim & Tan, 2011; Lim et al., 2013).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF865E53FC04F88CFDB4B8E1.taxon	description	(Fig. 40, SEA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF865E53FC04F88CFDB4B8E1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Singapore Botanic Gardens (Anonymous, 1988 a; Lim & Ng, 1990; Munro, 1990; Ng & Lim, 1997 a; Yeo & Lim, 2010); Bukit Timah — Institute of Education pond (Anonymous, 1988 b); MacRitchie Reservoir (Subaraj et al., 1995); Sungei Sembawang — Senoko (Ng & Lim, 1997 a); Choa Chu Kang (Ng & Lim, 1997 a); Cluny Road drain (Ng & Lim, 1997 a); Mandai Road area (Ng & Lim, 1997 a); Upper Seletar Reservoir streams (Anonymous, 1988 a, 1990; Ng & Lim, 1997 a, 1997 b); Lower Seletar Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); MacRitchie Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010; Tan, 2016 a); Kranji Marsh (Lim et al., 2013; Tan et al., 2016); Punggol Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2013); Serangoon Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2013); Pasir Panjang canal (Tan HH et al., 2015); Central Catchment Nature Reserve — Nee Soon Swamp Forest (Lim & Ng, 1992; Ho et al., 2016; Li et al., 2016); Kent Ridge Park ponds (Tan, 2016 b); Yew Tee canal (Tan HH, pers. obs., 2016); Marina South (Tan HH, pers. obs., 2016); Bishan Park (Liew JH, pers. obs., 2016); Sungei Seletar (Banir confluence; Tan HH, pers. obs., March 2017).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF865E53FC04F88CFDB4B8E1.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is occasionally sold as live feed in the ornamental fish trade (Tan HH, pers. obs.).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF855E53FEF5FAD2FECEBB6E.taxon	description	(Fig. 41, SEA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF855E53FEF5FAD2FECEBB6E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Banir (Kwik, 2014; Kwik & Yeo, 2015).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF855E53FEF5FAD2FECEBB6E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Originally thought to be a non-native species, it could potentially represent a new taxon or hybrid (Tan HH, in prep.).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF855E53FC56FF79FA69BF57.taxon	description	(Fig. 42, SEA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF855E53FC56FF79FA69BF57.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Old Mandai Road area (Ng & Lim, 1997 a); Bukit Timah Nature Reserve — Catchment Pond (Lim & Tan, 2011; Tan & Zeng, 2014).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF855E53FC56FF79FA69BF57.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species appears to be established at one location although many individuals from this population appear to be inbred and deformed (see Tan & Zeng, 2014).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF855E53FCD6FC44FA69B93B.taxon	description	(Fig. 43, SEA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF855E53FCD6FC44FA69B93B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Pandan Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF855E53FC3FFA9BFC65B42B.taxon	description	(Fig. 44, SEA)	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF855E53FC3FFA9BFC65B42B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Not known.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF855E53FC3FFA9BFC65B42B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Herre & Myers’ (1937) record came from an unnamed stream in Singapore, and no further details were available. No records of this taxon recently. Species from the genus Tor are unlikely to be native to Singapore, due to lack of suitable habitat. Tor species are found typically in large river habitats, which geologically never existed in Singapore.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF845E52FF12F9F8FA4DBD5B.taxon	description	(Fig. 47, SEA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF845E52FF12F9F8FA4DBD5B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Kranji Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF845E52FF12F9F8FA4DBD5B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This record is probably an escapee, as this species is very popular in the ornamental fish trade, being seasonally available after monsoon season (Tan HH, pers. obs.).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF845E52FC26FE78FA89B93C.taxon	description	(Fig. 48 A, B, SEA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF845E52FC26FE78FA89B93C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Bedok Reservoir (Anonymous, pers. comm., 2015).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF845E52FC26FE78FA89B93C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is probably a discarded pet, as the specimen obtained was a xanthic variant with a bright yellow orange body but with normal pigmented eyes. A normal coloured individual is illustrated in Fig. 48 for reference.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF845E52FEEFFF79FD9ABF3A.taxon	description	(Fig. 45, EAs [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF845E52FEEFFF79FD9ABF3A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Yishun Pond (Lim & Kwik, 2012; Kwik et al., 2013).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF845E52FEEFFF79FD9ABF3A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is sold as live feed for in the ornamental fish trade (Tan HH, pers. obs.).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF845E52FEF7FC99FDAFB9D8.taxon	description	(Fig. 46, SEA)	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF845E52FEF7FC99FDAFB9D8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Not known.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF845E52FEF7FC99FDAFB9D8.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Probably an escapee from the ornamental fish trade (Ng & Lim, 1997 b). Earlier workers (pre- 1990) used the name Rasbora taeniata (Kottelat, 1991).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF845E4DFC32FA1FFDEBBE1B.taxon	description	(Fig. 49, SA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF845E4DFC32FA1FFDEBBE1B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve (Chim CK, pers. comm., 2006); Kranji Reservoir (Admin, 2006, identified as Chanda sp.; Lim RHB, pers. comm., 2018); Murai Reservoir (Lim RHB, pers. comm., 2018).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF845E4DFC32FA1FFDEBBE1B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The first record of this species (deposited in ZRC in 2006) was from a brackish water pond at Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve and could have been flushed out from one of the fish farms adjacent to the reserve (Tan HH, pers. obs.). In 2006, and more recently in 2018, this species has been observed in large schools in Kranji and Murai Reservoir (Admin, 2006; Lim RHB, pers. obs.). This fish has been occasionally found in waters with varying degrees of salinity (Froese, 2018). The persistence of this fish in Kranji Reservoir from 2006 to present suggests that it has established a viable breeding population.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9B5E4DFC5CFC1EFAD2BAC3.taxon	description	(Fig. 53, SEA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9B5E4DFC5CFC1EFAD2BAC3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Jurong Lake (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9B5E4DFC5CFC1EFAD2BAC3.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Ng & Kottelat (2013 b) recently revised the taxonomy of the Asian Hemibagrus, and resolved many issues with existing species. The common lowland species found throughout most of the lower Sundaic drainages has been re-identified as H. capitulum; whereas H. nemurus, which was the name erroneously used for the species in Singapore previously, is restricted to the island of Java.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9B5E4DFEE7FDF8FD5AB864.taxon	description	(Fig. 50, SA) Timah Nature Reserve — Catchment Pond (Baker, 2013 e); Punggol Reservoir (Tan & Leong, 2015); Kent Ridge Park pond (Tan, 2016 b); Serangoon reservoir (unpublished data).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9B5E4DFEE7FDF8FD5AB864.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is not known to breed in Singapore (Ng & Lim, 1997 a). All recent records are released / discarded pets (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9B5E4DFEE7FDF8FD5AB864.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Recorded as an escapee in the Mandai area and not an established species (Ng & Lim, 1997 a).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9B5E4DFF18F929FD35B44A.taxon	description	(Fig. 52, SA)	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9B5E4DFF18F929FD35B44A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Jurong Lake (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); MacRitchie Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Bukit	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9B5E4DFEECFB54FE2FBA8A.taxon	description	(Fig. 51, SA)	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9B5E4DFEECFB54FE2FBA8A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Based on a sighting at Bukit Batok Nature Park (Lim KKP, pers. obs., 2010).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9B5E4CFC88F930FEE0BD9B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Not known.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9B5E4CFC88F930FEE0BD9B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was imported accidentally through the food fish route (Alfred, 1966 a; Ng et al., 1993; Ng & Lim, 1997 b), and appears to be extirpated in Singapore, as there had been no recent records. Ng & Kottelat (1998) clarified the taxonomy of the species, and H. elongatus, the name used previously, is a subjective junior synonym to H. guttatus.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9A5E4CFEC3F856FB35B932.taxon	description	(Fig. 56, AF [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9A5E4CFEC3F856FB35B932.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Bedok Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Jurong Lake (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Kranji Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Upper Seletar Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010; Baker & Lim, 2013); Lower Seletar Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Pandan Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Upper Peirce Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Rochor canal (now part of Marina Reservoir; Tan HH et al., 2010); Singapore Botanic Gardens (Yeo & Lim, 2010); Lower Peirce Reservoir (Baker, 2013 d); Pangsua pond (Kwik et al., 2013); Woodlands Town Park pond (Kwik et al., 2013); Yishun pond (Kwik et al., 2013); Bishan Park (Yeo, 2013; Tan & Koh, 2015); West Coast Park marsh pond (Tan, 2014 a); Singapore Botanic Gardens (Tan HH, pers. obs., 2015); Pulau Tekong (Lim et al., 2016); Kranji Marsh (Tan et al., 2016); Singapore Quarry (Tan et al., 2017 b).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9A5E4CFEC3F856FB35B932.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This African species appears to have displaced the native congener, Clarias batrachus in many of its known habitats in Singapore, and is the subject of present research by Low BW (Ng et al., 2013). The juveniles of this species range from 1 – 2 cm to 15 cm length, and are commonly sold as live feed in the ornamental fish trade (Tan HH, pers. obs.). The species has been observed to be the subject of mercy / religious release (Yeo DCJ, pers. obs.).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9A5E4CFC2CFAA1FC77BA93.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Not known.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9A5E4CFC2CFAA1FC77BA93.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Hybrids between C. macrocephalus and C. gariepinus have been used for aquaculture (Tan HTW et al., 2010).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9A5E4CFEB0FE7BFEF3BFC0.taxon	description	(Fig. 54, SEA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9A5E4CFEB0FE7BFEF3BFC0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Upper Peirce Reservoir stream (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9A5E4CFEA1FC33FE70BB25.taxon	description	(Fig. 55, SEA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9A5E4CFEA1FC33FE70BB25.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Lower Peirce Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Upper Seletar Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9A5E4CFEA1FC33FE70BB25.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Ng (2012) has clarified the status of Mystus wolffii in Singapore. The estuarine and dammed river-reservoir records probably represent native populations (i. e., Murai and Lower Seletar Reservoirs in Ng HH & Tan HH [2010]; Punggol and Serangoon Reservoirs in Ng PX & Tan HH [2013]), but the records from the inland reservoirs are probably non-native stock from raw water transferred from Johor, Peninsular Malaysia.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9A5E4FFC1DF8C1FDB4BE41.taxon	description	(Fig. 57, SA)	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9A5E4FFC1DF8C1FDB4BE41.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Recorded as an escapee in Mandai area and not an established species (Anonymous, 1988 b; Ng & Lim, 1997 a).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9A5E4FFC1DF8C1FDB4BE41.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is occasionally sold as live feed in the ornamental fish trade (Tan HH, pers. obs.).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF995E4FFF3AFD73FBA8BF3B.taxon	description	(Fig. 58, SA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF995E4FFF3AFD73FBA8BF3B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Sungei Sembawang (Ng & Lim, 1989); Hong Kah (Ng & Lim, 1989); Lim Chu Kang (Ng & Lim, 1989); Stamford Canal (Ng & Lim, 1989); Pandan Reservoir (Ng & Lim, 1989); Upper Seletar Reservoir (Ng & Lim, 1989); Central Catchment Nature Reserve — Nee Soon Swamp Forest (Ng & Lim, 1989); Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve (National Parks Board, 2003); Choa Chu Kang ponds (Page & Robins, 2006); Mandai area (Ng & Lim, 1989; Page & Robins, 2006); Bedok Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Jurong Lake (Ng & Lim, 1989; Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Kranji Reservoir (Ng & Lim, 1989; Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Upper Peirce Reservoir (Ng & Lim, 1989; Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Lower Peirce Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); MacRitchie Reservoir (Ng & Lim, 1989; Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Pandan canal (Ng & Lim, 1989); Woodlands Town Park pond (Kwik et al., 2013); Bishan Park (Tan, 2016 c); Marina Reservoir (unpublished data); Serangoon Reservoir (unpublished data).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF995E4FFF3AFD73FBA8BF3B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Ng & Lim (1989) reported the presence of this species in the early 1980 s although it is uncertain if there was more than one taxon as both P. disjunctivus and P. pardalis were extensively available in the ornamental fish trade (Page & Robins, 2006).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF995E4FFC6AFC98FA69B42D.taxon	description	(Fig. 59, SA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF995E4FFC6AFC98FA69B42D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Pandan Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Lower Seletar Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Banir (Tan, 2014 g; Ho et al., 2016); Bishan Park (Tan, 2016 c); Jurong Lake (unpublished data); Marina Reservoir (unpublished data); Serangoon Reservoir (unpublished data).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF985E4EFC76FAC8FA59BBBA.taxon	description	(Fig. 62, SEA)	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF985E4EFC76FAC8FA59BBBA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Jurong Lake (Lim KKP, pers. obs., 2011).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF985E4EFC76FAC8FA59BBBA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is commonly stocked in ponds for aquacultural and angling purposes (Ng & Lim, 1997 a).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF985E4EFF14FF79FA9BBD9B.taxon	description	(Fig. 60, SA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF985E4EFF14FF79FA9BBD9B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Mandai area rural streams (Anonymous, 1988 b); Sungei Sembawang (Ng & Lim, 1989; Lim & Ng, 1992; Page & Robins, 2006); Hong Kah (Ng & Lim, 1989); Lim Chu Kang (Ng & Lim, 1989); Stamford Canal (Ng & Lim, 1989); Pandan Reservoir (Ng & Lim, 1989; Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Pandan Canal (Ng & Lim, 1989); Upper Seletar Reservoir (Ng & Lim, 1989); Central Catchment Nature Reserve — Nee Soon Swamp Forest (Ng & Lim, 1989); Kranji Reservoir (Ng & Lim, 1989, 1997 a, 1997 b; Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Mandai area (Ng & Lim, 1989; Page & Robins, 2006); Jurong Lake (Ng & Lim, 1989); Upper Peirce Reservoir (Anonymous, 1988 a; Ng & Lim, 1989); Lower Peirce Reservoir (Ng & Lim, 1997 a, 1997 b); Upper Seletar Reservoir (Ng & Lim, 1989, 1997 a, 1997 b); Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve (National Parks Board, 2003); Choa Chu Kang ponds (Page & Robins, 2006); Lower Seletar Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); MacRitchie Reservoir (Ng & Lim, 1989; Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Pangsua pond (Kwik et al., 2013); Singapore Botanic Gardens (Tan HH, pers. obs., 2015); Jurong Lake (unpublished data); Bishan Park (unpublished data); Bedok Reservoir (unpublished data); Marina Reservoir (unpublished data); Serangoon Reservoir (unpublished data); Punggol Reservoir (unpublished data).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF985E4EFF14FF79FA9BBD9B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. See earlier remarks on P. disjunctivus.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF985E4EFC32FE38FA69B8AB.taxon	description	(Fig. 61, AF [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF985E4EFC32FE38FA69B8AB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Pandan Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF985E4EFC32FE38FA69B8AB.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This individual appears to be a discarded pet.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9F5E49FC42FBFDFD20BB1A.taxon	description	(Fig. 66, CA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9F5E49FC42FBFDFD20BB1A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Pandan River (Ng & Lim, 1997 b, based on a 1996 newspaper report); Pandan Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Bedok Reservoir (Anonymous, 2014).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9F5E49FC42FBFDFD20BB1A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. These reported individuals are likely discarded pets. This species is common in the ornamental fish trade as juveniles (less than 10 cm). Once fishes reach sub-adulthood, they are typically too large to be accommodated in home aquaria and are conveniently discarded in public ponds and reservoirs (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010). Recently, an artificial hybrid between Phractocephalus hemioliopterus and Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum became available through the ornamental fish trade (Tan HH, pers. obs.). This artificial hybrid can grow to a large size as both parental species exceed 90 cm in size, and introductions can be expected in the near future in the artificial water bodies in Singapore.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9F5E49FEE4FF78FD22BEB2.taxon	description	(Fig. 63, SEA)	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9F5E49FEE4FF78FD22BEB2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Marina Reservoir (Tan & Yusfiandi, 2015).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9F5E49FF62FCE6FD28B8FA.taxon	description	(Fig. 64, SA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9F5E49FF62FCE6FD28B8FA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Bukit Batok Nature Park (Yeo & Lim, 2010; Kwik & Yeo, 2015); Singapore Botanic Gardens (Yeo & Lim, 2010); Sungei Pandan feeder stream (Tan et al., 2017 a).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9F5E49FF62FCE6FD28B8FA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species has established breeding populations in Bukit Batok Nature Park (Yeo & Lim, 2010), and Sungei Pandan feeder stream (Tan et al., 2017 a).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9F5E48FF7FF87EFD9BBF7B.taxon	description	(Fig. 65, SAs [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9F5E48FF7FF87EFD9BBF7B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Seletar Reservoir Park (Munro, 1990); Sungei Whampoa (Munro, 1990); Lornie Forest stream (Subaraj et al., 1995); Ulu Sembawang / Lorong Gambas (Lim et al., 1995); Bedok Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Jurong Lake (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Kranji Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Lower Peirce Reservoir (Anonymous, 1988 a; Lim et al., 1995; Ng & Lim, 1997 a, 1997 b; Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Kent Ridge Park pond (Ng & Lim, 1997 a); Lower Seletar Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Murai Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Tengah Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Upper Peirce Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Upper Seletar Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010; Tan, 2014 d); Singapore Botanic Gardens (Yeo & Lim, 2010); Punggol Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2013); Serangoon Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2013); MacRitchie Reservoir (Subaraj et al., 1995; Tan, 2016 a); outskirts of Nee Soon Swamp Forest (Ho et al., 2016); Pulau Tekong (Lim et al., 2016); Kranji Marsh (Tan et al., 2016); Singapore Quarry (Tan et al., 2017 b).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9F5E48FF7FF87EFD9BBF7B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species had often been introduced as a mosquito control agent but its efficacy is questionable (Lever, 1996). This species is commonly sold with either Poecilia reticulata or Poecilia sphenops as live feed in the ornamental fish trade (Tan HH, pers. obs.).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9E5E48FEC8FC58FE00B8FB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Widespread in canals and brackish water habitats (Lim & Ng, 1990). It may have hybridised with P. sphenops (Lim & Ng, 1990).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9E5E48FEDBFAD8FB0EB8BB.taxon	description	(Fig. 67, CA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9E5E48FEDBFAD8FB0EB8BB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Widespread in Singapore, except in forest streams (Maxwell, 1921; Alfred, 1966 a; Lim & Ng, 1990); MacRitchie Reservoir (Alfred, 1966 a); Upper Seletar Reservoir (Alfred, 1966 a; Ng & Lim, 1997 a, 1997 b); Upper Peirce Reservoir (Anonymous, 1989 b); Central Catchment Nature Reserve — Nee Soon Swamp Forest (Munro, 1990); Napier Road and Bukit Timah Road (Munro, 1990); Seletar Reservoir Park (Munro, 1990); Kent Ridge Park (Ng & Lim, 1997 a); Pandan Canal (Ng & Lim, 1997 a); Cluny Road drain (Ng & Lim, 1997 a); Bukit Timah Nature Reserve peripheral streams (Lim, 1995; Ng & Lim, 1997 b); Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve (National Parks Board, 2003); Lower Seletar Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Bukit Batok Nature Park (Yeo & Lim, 2010); Punggol Reservoir (Ng PX & Tan HH, 2013); Serangoon Reservoir (Ng PX & Tan HH, 2013); Bukit Brown (Tan et al., 2013); Greenbank Park (Tan HH, pers. obs., 1990 s); Kranji Reservoir (Tan HH, pers. obs., 2010); Commonwealth area (Tan HH, pers. obs., 2010); Mandai area (Tan & Low, 2014); Tai Seng area (Tan HH, pers. obs., 2016); outskirts of Nee Soon Swamp Forest (Ho et al., 2016); Kent Ridge Park ponds (Tan, 2016 b).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9E5E48FEDBFAD8FB0EB8BB.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Tham (1973) commented that Poecilia reticulata was used for mosquito control in fish ponds. This species is commonly sold as live feed in the ornamental fish trade (Tan HH, pers. obs.). See later account under “ Species for biological control ” for more details.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9E5E4BFC63FB18FA45BF8F.taxon	description	(Fig. 68, CA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9E5E4BFC63FB18FA45BF8F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. MacRitchie Reservoir (Alfred, 1966 a; Tan, 2016 a); Pulau Ubin (Subaraj, 1995); Cluny Road drain (Ng & Lim, 1997 a); Pandan Canal (Ng & Lim, 1997 a); Sungei Sembawang — Senoko (Ng & Lim, 1997 a); Mandai coastal streams (Tan HH, pers. obs., 2004); Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve (National Parks Board, 2003); Bedok Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Lower Seletar Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Pandan canal (Tan HH, pers. obs., 2010); Jurong River (Ng HH, pers. obs., 2010); Kranji Reservoir (Tan HH, 2010); Marina Reservoir (comprising of Singapore River, Rochor canal, Kallang River, Geylang River and Marina Channel; Tan HH et al., 2010); Siglap canal (Leong, 2012); Punggol Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2013); Serangoon Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2013); Upper Seletar Reservoir (Tan, 2014 d); Singapore Botanic Gardens (Tan HH, pers. obs., 2015); Central Catchment Nature Reserve — Nee Soon Swamp Forest (Ho et al., 2016; Li et al., 2016); Yew Tee canal (Tan HH, pers. obs., 2016); West Coast Park marsh pond (Tan HH, pers. obs., November 2016); Bishan Park (Liew JH, pers. obs., 2016). Distribution. Recorded by Ng & Lim (1997 a) from canals in Singapore, but no details provided; Woodlands Town Garden (Anonymous, 1989 a); Pulau Tekong (Lim et al., 2016).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9E5E4BFC63FB18FA45BF8F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Fernando & Phang (1994) noted that the introductions of X. hellerii, X. maculatus and X. variatus into Singapore for ornamental aquaculture probably started in the mid- 1940 s. This species is occasionally sold as live feed in the ornamental fish trade (Tan HH, pers. obs.).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9D5E4BFEC4FB78FDAEBB40.taxon	description	(Fig. 69, CA)	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9D5E4BFEC4FB78FDAEBB40.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Cluny Road drain (Ng & Lim, 1997 a); Kallang River (now part of Marina Reservoir; Tan HH et al., 2010); Bukit Batok Nature Park (Yeo & Lim, 2010); Bukit Brown (Tan et al., 2013).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9D5E4BFEC4FB78FDAEBB40.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Not known.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9D5E4BFEC4FB78FDAEBB40.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The records of this species are probably escapees from the ornamental fish trade (Munro, 1990).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9D5E4BFEF3F8B0FAC6BA99.taxon	description	(Fig. 70, CA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9D5E4BFEF3F8B0FAC6BA99.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is commonly sold as live feed in the ornamental fish trade (Tan HH, pers. obs.).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9D5E4BFC48FC6CFE5DB89B.taxon	description	(Fig. 71, CA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9D5E4BFC48FC6CFE5DB89B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Fernando & Phang (1994) stated that this species had been very likely introduced as an escaped pet fish in the 1940 s, and they easily hybridise with P. latipinna. This species is commonly sold as live feed in the ornamental fish trade (Tan HH, pers. obs.).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9D5E4AFC27F97BFDBBBD3B.taxon	description	(Fig. 72, CA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9D5E4AFC27F97BFDBBBD3B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Bukit Brown (Tan et al., 2013).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9C5E4AFC3BF8C6FA07B432.taxon	description	(Fig. 76, SEA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9C5E4AFC3BF8C6FA07B432.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Pandan Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Bedok Reservoir (unpublished data).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9C5E4AFC3BF8C6FA07B432.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is probably from discarded pet fish, as this is a popular species in the ornamental fish trade. As	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9C5E4AFF1EFE18FDFFBF7B.taxon	description	(Fig. 73, SEA)	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9C5E4AFF1EFE18FDFFBF7B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Recorded as an escapee in Seletar Reservoir (within Central Catchment Nature Reserve) and not an established species (Ng & Lim, 1997 a).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9C5E4AFEF6FC59FF36BACB.taxon	description	(Fig. 74, SEA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9C5E4AFEF6FC59FF36BACB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Kranji Reservoir (Ng, 2010; Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Lower Peirce Reservoir (Ng, 2010; Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Lower Seletar Reservoir (Ng, 2010; Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Tengah Reservoir (Ng, 2010; Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Banir (Baker & Leong, 2014; Ho et al., 2016); Kranji Marsh (Tan et al., 2016); Marina Reservoir (Tan & Teo, 2018). Distribution. Originally found in the northern half of Singapore, recent records show it is now at Marina Reservoir (see Tan & Teo, 2018). The mode of transfer or spread is unknown.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9C5E4AFEF2F8A8FB60BA95.taxon	description	(Fig. 75, SEA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9C5E4AFEF2F8A8FB60BA95.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Lim & Ng (1990) observed this species in Central Catchment reservoirs; Kranji Reservoir (Ng & Lim, 1997 a, 1997 b; Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Upper Peirce Reservoir (Anonymous, 1989 b; Ng & Lim, 1997 a, 1997 b; Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Lower Peirce Reservoir (Anonymous, 1990; Munro, 1990; Lim et al., 1995; Ng & Lim, 1997 a, 1997 b; Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Bukit Batok Nature Park (Tan, 2018); Jurong Lake (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Upper Seletar Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Lower Seletar Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); MacRitchie Reservoir (Subaraj et al., 1995; Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Murai Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Singapore Botanic Gardens, Swan Lake (Lim KKP, pers. obs., 2010); Pangsua pond (Kwik et al., 2013); Woodlands Town Park pond (Kwik et al., 2013); Punggol Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2013); Serangoon Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2013); Central Catchment Nature Reserve — Nee Soon Swamp Forest (Ho et al., 2016; Li et al., 2016); Sungei Seletar (Banir confluence; Tan HH, pers. obs., March 2017); Jurong Lake (unpublished data); Bishan Park (unpublished data); Pandan Reservoir (unpublished data); Serangoon Reservoir (unpublished data); Bedok Reservoir (unpublished data).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF9C5E4AFEF2F8A8FB60BA95.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was probably introduced into Singapore’s reservoirs along with raw water transferred from Johor, Peninsular Malaysia (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010). This species consumes zooplankton and insect larvae (Okutsu et al., 2011; Lim RHB, pers. obs.).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF935E45FBE8FF78FD6DBE90.taxon	description	(Fig. 78, SA [SPC]) with other taxa commonly discarded, this species also grows to a large size not suitable for most home aquarists.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF935E44FEEDFCC3FE31BFB2.taxon	description	(Fig. 77, AF)	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF935E44FEEDFCC3FE31BFB2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Central Catchment Nature Reserve — Nee Soon Swamp Forest (Tan & Lim, 2008; Ho et al., 2016); Upper Peirce Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010; Liew et al., 2013); Lower Peirce Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010; Liew et al., 2013); Lower Seletar Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010; Liew et al., 2013); Woodlands Town Park pond (Kwik et al., 2013); Sungei Seletar (Liew et al., 2013); Banir (Liew et al., 2013); Upper Seletar Reservoir (Tan, 2014 d); MacRitchie Reservoir (Tan, 2016 a); Bishan Park (unpublished data); Marina Reservoir (unpublished data); Punggol Reservoir (unpublished data).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF935E44FEEDFCC3FE31BFB2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Autecology of this recently introduced species was documented by Liew et al. (2013). Amphilophus citrinellus (Günther) (Fig. 79 A, B, CA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF935E44FEEDFCC3FE31BFB2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Marina Reservoir (Tan & Soo, 2016).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF935E44FEEDFCC3FE31BFB2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This individual is probably a discarded pet fish, as this species is a popular fish species in the ornamental fish trade.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF935E44FEEDFCC3FE31BFB2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Jurong Lake (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Pandan Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Pangsua Pond (Kwik et al., 2013; Tan, 2014 f); Woodlands Town Park Pond (Kwik et al., 2013); Yishun Pond (Kwik et al., 2013; Lim, 2013 c); Bishan Park (Yeo, 2013; Tan, 2016 c); Marina South (Tan, 2014 f); Pandan canal (Tan, 2014 f); Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve (Tan, 2014 f); West Coast Park marsh pond (Tan, 2015 a); Singapore Botanic Gardens (Tan HH, pers. obs., 2015); Marina Reservoir (Tan HH, pers. obs., 2016); Bedok Reservoir (unpublished data); Serangoon Reservoir (unpublished data).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF935E44FEEDFCC3FE31BFB2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is one of the parent species for the Louhan cichlid and Blood parrot hybrids.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF925E44FF14FC26FF1FBAFE.taxon	description	(Fig. 80, CA)	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF925E44FF14FC26FF1FBAFE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. West Coast Park marsh pond (Tan, 2014 a).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF925E44FF14FC26FF1FBAFE.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is one of the parent species for the Louhan cichlid.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF925E44FEFCF8DDFB81BEB0.taxon	description	(Fig. 81, SA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF925E44FEFCF8DDFB81BEB0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Upper Seletar Reservoir Park stream (Liew et al., 2012); outskirts of Nee Soon Swamp Forest (Ho et al., 2016).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF925E44FEFCF8DDFB81BEB0.taxon	discussion	Remarks. An established population of this species exists in a stream along the outskirts of Nee Soon Swamp Forest (Liew et al., 2012; Ho et al., 2016). Its presence has been known since the 1990 s.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF925E44FC8BFD20FAD4B9E7.taxon	description	(Fig. 82, SA)	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF925E44FC8BFD20FAD4B9E7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Singapore Botanic Gardens (Liew et al., 2012), Bishan Park (Tan HH, pers. obs., March 2017).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF925E44FC8BFD20FAD4B9E7.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is a popular species in the ornamental fish trade, available in several colour varieties.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF925E47FC53F9D4FA9BBD1B.taxon	description	(Fig. 83, SA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF925E47FC53F9D4FA9BBD1B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Bedok Reservoir (unpublished data).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF925E47FC53F9D4FA9BBD1B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Species of Cichla are large (more than 40 cm in length), highly territorial predatory fishes. Their presence in the water bodies will impact existing fish communities as this genus is highly piscivorous (Kovalenko et al., 2010). The four Cichla species could have been introduced by recreational anglers or / and released as unwanted ornamental pets (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF925E47FC53F9D4FA9BBD1B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Marina Reservoir (unpublished data).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF915E47FF48FE78FE6BBA79.taxon	description	(Fig. 84, SA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF915E47FF48FE78FE6BBA79.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Lower Peirce Reservoir (Ng & Lim, 1997 a; Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Bedok Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Jurong Lake (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Kranji Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Upper Seletar Reservoir (Tan, 2013 b, 2014 d); Lower Seletar Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); MacRitchie Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Pandan Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Woodlands Town Park pond (Kwik et al., 2013); Punggol Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2013); Serangoon Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2013); Banir (Tan, 2014 g; Ho et al., 2016); Marina Reservoir (near Marina Bay Sands; Wozniak S, pers. obs., October 2016); Bishan Park (unpublished data).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF915E47FF48FE78FE6BBA79.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Juvenile individuals were recently obtained from a stream feeding into Lower Seletar Reservoir (Tan, 2014 g), while adults were observed to be breeding in Upper Seletar Reservoir (Tan, 2013 b); this is indicative that this species has established in Singapore.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF915E47FF03F95AFC7BB8C1.taxon	description	(Fig. 85, SA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF915E47FF03F95AFC7BB8C1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Upper Seletar Reservoir (Liew et al., 2012); Lower Peirce Reservoir (Lai, 2015); MacRitchie Reservoir (Tan, 2016 a); Bedok Reservoir (unpublished data); Upper Peirce Reservoir (unpublished data); Marina Reservoir (unpublished data).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF915E47FF03F95AFC7BB8C1.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Juvenile individuals were obtained from Upper Seletar Reservoir (Liew et al., 2012), while adult pairs have been observed at MacRitchie Reservoir (Tan, 2016 a); this is indicative of this species establishing breeding populations in Singapore.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF915E47FC95FEF8FB10BD9B.taxon	description	(Fig. 86, SA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF915E47FC00FB33FAE1BB99.taxon	description	(Fig. 87, AF)	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF915E47FC00FB33FAE1BB99.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Singapore Botanic Gardens (Burkill, 1963; Alfred, 1968; Ng & Lim, 1997 a, 1997 b).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF915E47FC00FB33FAE1BB99.taxon	discussion	Remarks. There have been no recent records.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF905E46FECFFF79FE42BAC7.taxon	description	(Fig. 88, SAs [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF905E46FECFFF79FE42BAC7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve (Lim et al., 1995; Ng TH & Tan, 2010; Tan, 2013 a; Theng et al., 2016); Kallang (now part of Marina Reservoir; Ng TH & Tan, 2010); Kranji Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Lower Seletar Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Punggol Reservoir (Ng TH & Tan HH, 2010; Ng PX & Tan, 2013; Theng et al., 2016); Serangoon Reservoir (Ng TH & Tan HH, 2010; Ng PX & Tan HH, 2013; Theng et al., 2016); Pulau Ubin (Ng TH & Tan, 2010); Marina Reservoir — encompassing Singapore River, Rochor canal, Kallang River, Geylang River and Marina channel (Tan HH et al., 2010); Siglap canal (Leong, 2012); Yishun pond (Kwik et al., 2013); Tuas — Raffles Marina (Toh et al., 2016); Bishan Park (Tan, 2016 c); Sentosa (Tan & Ng, 2016); West Coast Park (Tan, 2017 a); Jurong Lake (unpublished data); Lower Peirce Reservoir (unpublished data); MacRitchie Reservoir (unpublished data); Bedok Reservoir (unpublished data); Upper Peirce Reservoir (unpublished data); Serangoon Reservoir (unpublished data).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF905E46FECFFF79FE42BAC7.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This euryhaline South Asian cichlid is wellestablished in Singapore (Ng TH & Tan, 2010) and besides being found in freshwater reservoirs, has also adapted to saline conditions of estuarine and coastal waters (Tan & Ng, 2016; Tan, 2017 a).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF905E46FECAF935FC6AB813.taxon	description	(Fig. 89, SA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF905E46FECAF935FC6AB813.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Kallang River (now part of Marina Reservoir; Tan HH et al., 2010); Bedok Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Kranji Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Upper Peirce Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Lower Peirce Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Upper Seletar Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010; Tan, 2014 d); Lower Seletar Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); MacRitchie Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010; Tan, 2016 a); Tekong Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Woodlands Town Park pond (Kwik et al., 2013); Yishun pond (Kwik et al., 2013); outskirts of Nee Soon Swamp Forest (Ho et al., 2016); Pulau Tekong (Lim et al., 2016); Jurong Lake (unpublished data); Pandan Reservoir (unpublished data); Serangoon Reservoir (unpublished data).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF905E46FECAF935FC6AB813.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is a common species in the ornamental fish trade.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF905E46FC7EFB80FB96BA91.taxon	description	(Fig. 90, CA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF905E46FC7EFB80FB96BA91.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve (Jaafar et al., 2012; Liew et al., 2012).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF905E46FBE8F902FC1ABBD0.taxon	description	(Fig. 91, SA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF905E46FBE8F902FC1ABBD0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Bedok Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF905E46FBE8F902FC1ABBD0.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Not established as this is regarded as a discarded aquarium fish.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF975E41FF07FD04FDDDBBA8.taxon	description	(Fig. 92, AF [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF975E41FF07FD04FDDDBBA8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Bedok Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Jurong Lake (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Upper Peirce Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Lower Peirce Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Upper Seletar Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Lower Seletar Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Pandan Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Pangsua pond (Kwik et al., 2013); Yishun pond (Kwik et al., 2013); Central Catchment Nature Reserve — Sime forest (Tan, 2013 d); West Coast Park marsh pond (Tan, 2014 a); Bishan Park (Tan, 2016 c); Jurong Lake (Tan HH, pers. obs., 2018); Marina Reservoir (unpublished data); Pandan Reservoir (unpublished data); Serangoon Reservoir (unpublished data).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF975E41FF07FD04FDDDBBA8.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is a popular fish in the ornamental fish trade. Its introduction into Singapore is probably through pet fishes that are released into the water bodies.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF975E41FC7FFF79FBDBBB1F.taxon	description	(Fig. 93, CA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF975E41FC7FFF79FBDBBB1F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve (National Parks Board, 2003; Tan, 2013 a; Theng et al., 2016); Punggol River (now dammed as Punggol Reservoir; Nico et al., 2007); Bedok Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Sarimbun Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Upper Peirce Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Singapore Botanic Gardens (Yeo & Lim, 2010); Punggol Reservoir (Ng PX & Tan, 2013; Theng et al., 2016); Serangoon Reservoir (Ng PX & Tan, 2013; Theng et al., 2016); Bishan Park (Yeo, 2013; Tan, 2016 c); West Coast Park marsh pond (Tan, 2014 a); Pandan canal (Tan 2014 f); Yishun Pond (Kwik et al., 2013; Tan, 2014 f); Jurong Lake (Tan, 2014 f); Marina South (Tan & Koh, 2016); Singapore Quarry (Tan et al., 2017 b); Bishan Park (unpublished data).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF975E41FC7FFF79FBDBBB1F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species has adapted to brackish water and can be sighted in the waterways at Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve (Tan, 2013 a).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF975E41FCD9F8FCFC59B41F.taxon	description	(Fig. 94)	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF975E41FCD9F8FCFC59B41F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve (Jaafar et al., 2012).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF965E40FEFCFDBBFCCDB8C8.taxon	description	(Fig. 95, AF [SPC]) 2012; Leong, 2012; Kwik et al., 2013; Ng PX & Tan, 2013; Yeo, 2013; Tan, 2014 a; Ng et al., 2015; Tan YK et al., 2015 (as Oreochromis sp.); Lim et al., 2016; Tan, 2016 b, 2016 c (as Oreochromis sp.); Tan & Koh, 2016; Theng et al., 2016; Tan et al., 2017 b.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF965E40FEFCFDBBFCCDB8C8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Pandan canal (Liew et al., 2012).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF965E40FEFCFDBBFCCDB8C8.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This individual is probably a discarded pet fish.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF965E40FF1CFB28FE29BA28.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Not known.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF965E40FF1CFB28FE29BA28.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is regarded as an escapee from aquaculture (Ng & Lim, 1997 b).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF965E40FEE0F988FB5CB400.taxon	description	(Fig. 96, AF [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF965E40FEE0F988FB5CB400.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was introduced as a source of food by the Japanese Army from Javan population during the Japanese Occupation of Singapore (1942 – 1945) (Alfred, 1966 a; Tham, 1973; Lim & Ng, 1990; Yeo & Chia, 2010). It is now widespread in all Central Catchment reservoirs and other artificial water bodies and brackish water habitats (Ng & Lim, 1997 b; Baker & Lim, 2008, 2012). The juveniles of this species are sometimes sold as live feed in the ornamental fish trade (Tan HH, pers. obs.).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF955E43FF2BFB24FE21BBF0.taxon	description	(Fig. 98 [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF955E43FF12FF78FE89B8B4.taxon	description	(Fig. 97, AF [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF955E43FF12FF78FE89B8B4.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Punggol Reservoir (Ng PX & Tan, 2013); Serangoon Reservoir (Ng PX & Tan, 2013).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF955E43FF12FF78FE89B8B4.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This hybrid has morphological characters of both parent species. Mature males tend to not exhibit the blackened body, but still having the multiple black bars and red margin over the caudal fin (Tan HH, pers. obs.).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF955E43FF12FF78FE89B8B4.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve (National Parks Board, 2003; Tan, 2013 a); Jurong Lake (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Murai Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Sarimbun Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Tengah Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Upper Peirce Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Lower Peirce Reservoir (Ng & Lim, 1997 b); Yishun pond (Kwik et al., 2013); Punggol Reservoir (Ng PX & Tan, 2013); Serangoon Reservoir (Ng PX & Tan, 2013); Kranji Marsh (Tan et al., 2016); Bishan Park (unpublished data); Marina Reservoir (unpublished data).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF955E43FF12FF78FE89B8B4.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Both O. niloticus and O. mossambicus can adapt to saline conditions.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF955E43FC7BFE78FCACB88A.taxon	description	(Fig. 99, CA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF955E43FC7BFE78FCACB88A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Jurong Lake (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Pandan canal (Tan HH, pers. obs., 2010); Pangsua pond (Kwik et al., 2013); Yishun pond (Kwik et al., 2013); Bishan Park (unpublished data), Pandan Reservoir (unpublished data).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF955E43FC7BFE78FCACB88A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is common in the ornamental fish trade.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF955E42FCBAFB69FF31BD1B.taxon	description	(Fig. 100, SA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF955E42FCBAFB69FF31BD1B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Pangsua Pond (Liew et al., 2012).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF955E42FCBAFB69FF31BD1B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The specimens obtained from the listed site probably originated as discarded pets from the ornamental fish trade.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF945E42FEFDFEF8FCC2BF47.taxon	description	(Fig. 101, SA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF945E42FEFDFEF8FCC2BF47.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Kranji Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF945E42FEDBFCB4FEE6BA19.taxon	description	(Fig. 102, CA)	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF945E42FEDBFCB4FEE6BA19.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Cluny Road drain (Ng & Lim, 1997 a, 1997 b).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF945E42FEDBFCB4FEE6BA19.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is not established, and it is regarded as an escapee.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF945E42FED2F985FC28BEBB.taxon	description	(Fig. 103, CA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF945E42FED2F985FC28BEBB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Jurong Lake (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Tengah Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Pandan canal (Tan HH, pers. obs., 2010); Pangsua Pond (Kwik et al., 2013); Yishun Pond (Kwik et al., 2013); Bishan Park (Tan, 2015 b, 2016 c); Marina Reservoir (near Marina Bay Sands; Wozniak S, pers. obs., October 2016); Singapore Botanic Gardens (Tan HH, pers. obs., 2002).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFF945E42FED2F985FC28BEBB.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is likely one of the parent species for the Luohan cichlid.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFAB5E7DFC2AFF39FBD6B83A.taxon	description	(Fig. 107, SEA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFAB5E7DFC2AFF39FBD6B83A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Poyan Reservoir (Lim & Tan, 2012); Tengah Reservoir (Lim & Tan, 2012); Kranji Reservoir (Lim & Tan, 2012); Kranji Marsh (Lim & Tan, 2012; Tan et al., 2016); Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve (Lim & Tan, 2012); Banir (Lim & Tan, 2012); Upper Seletar Reservoir (Tan et al., 2014); Sungei Seletar (Ho et al., 2016).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFAB5E7DFC2AFF39FBD6B83A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is well-established in Singapore (Larson et al., 2016).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFAB5E7DFE8CFBABFD35B43F.taxon	description	(Fig. 106 [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFAB5E7DFE8CFBABFD35B43F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Pulau Ubin HDB quarry (Lim & Ng, 1992); West Coast Park marsh pond (Tan, 2014 a), Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve (Tan & Koh, 2017); Yew Tee canal (Tan HH, pers. obs., 2016); Bishan Park (Andre, pers. obs., October 2016).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFAB5E7DFE8CFBABFD35B43F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This supposedly sterile hybrid of three species is brightly coloured (pink, orange or platinum) and frequently used for aquaculture (Lim & Ng, 1990; Tan & Koh, 2017). The juvenile individuals of this species are commonly sold as live feed in the ornamental fish trade (Tan HH, pers. obs.).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFAB5E7CFC05FB99FCC2BFFB.taxon	description	(Fig. 108, EAs [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFAB5E7CFC05FB99FCC2BFFB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. MacRitchie Reservoir (Munro, 1990); Upper Seletar Reservoir (Munro, 1990; Larson & Lim, 2005; Ng & Lim, 1997 b; Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010; Tan, 2014 e, 2014 g); Banir (Munro, 1990; Tan, 2014 g); MacRitchie Reservoir (Subaraj et al., 1995); Central Catchment Nature Reserve (Ng & Lim, 1997 a); Jurong Road area (Ng & Lim, 1997 a); Singapore Botanic Gardens (Ng & Lim, 1997 a); Jurong Lake (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Upper Peirce Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Lower Peirce Reservoir (Lim et al., 1995; Ng & Lim, 1997 b; Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Lower Seletar Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Murai Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Poyan Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Tengah Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Banir (Tan & Lim, 2011); Kranji Marsh (Lim et al., 2013); Central Catchment Nature Reserve — Nee Soon Swamp Forest (Ho et al., 2016; Li et al., 2016); Bishan Park (unpublished data).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFAB5E7CFC05FB99FCC2BFFB.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Alfred’s (1966 a) material of Stigmatogobius poicilosoma consisted of three taxa, viz., Eugnathogobius siamensis, Pseudogobiopsis oligactis (recently rediscovered in Singapore; Tan & Lim, 2011) and Rhinogobius similis (Ng & Lim, 1997 b; Larson et al., 2008, 2016). It is a well-established non-native species in Singapore that was accidentally introduced with fish fry imported from China (Larson et al., 2016). The taxonomic status of R. giurinus was resolved recently and is considered junior to R. similis (Suzuki et al., 2015).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFAA5E7CFEA9F8CCFBEEB850.taxon	description	(Fig. 110, SEA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFAA5E7CFEA9F8CCFBEEB850.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species had been sighted by Cantor (1849) and subsequently obtained by Herre in 1940 from Mandai area; Sembawang-Nee Soon area (Johnson, 1964, 1973 a); Jurong Lake (Johnson, 1973 a); Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve (National Parks Board, 2003); Kallang River (now part of Marina Reservoir; Munro, 1990; Tan HH et al., 2010); Kent Ridge Park ponds (Tan, 2016 b); Bukit Batok (Ng DJJ, pers. obs., 2018).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFAA5E7CFEA9F8CCFBEEB850.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is a very popular ornamental fish species ubiquitous in aquarium shops, thus its presence in Singapore’s water bodies is not surprising. Recently, this species is commonly sold as live feed in the ornamental fish trade, the culled fish being a by-product from selective breeding (Tan HH, pers. obs.).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFAA5E7CFEFEFB98FDABBAAF.taxon	description	(Fig. 109, SEA)	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFAA5E7CFEFEFB98FDABBAAF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. No detailed location provided.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFAA5E7CFC58FB43FADCBAD9.taxon	description	(Fig. 111, EAs [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFAA5E7CFC58FB43FADCBAD9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Bukit Brown (Tan et al., 2013).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFAA5E7CFC58FB43FADCBAD9.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is sometimes sold as live feed in the ornamental fish trade (Tan HH, pers. obs.).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFAA5E7FFC2CF93AFD13B95D.taxon	description	(Fig. 112, SEA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFAA5E7FFC2CF93AFD13B95D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Herre & Myers (1937) collected this species from Singapore but did not provide location details. MacRitchie Reservoir (Alfred, 1966 a; Anonymous, 1988 a; Ng & Lim, 1997 a, 1997 b; Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve (National Parks Board, 2003); Bedok Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Kranji Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Upper Peirce Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Lower Peirce Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Lower Seletar Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Singapore Botanic Gardens (Tan HH, pers. obs., 2015); Sungei Seletar (Tan, 2017 b); Jurong Lake (unpublished data); Bedok Reservoir (unpublished data); Serangoon Reservoir (unpublished data).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFAA5E7FFC2CF93AFD13B95D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is of economic importance as food fish in the Southeast Asian region, but not popular in Singapore. Xanthic and albinio varieties are popular in the ornamental fish trade; some individuals are even tattooed with numbers or coloured patterns on the bodies (Tan HH, pers. obs.).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFA95E7FFC9EFF79FCBABF6E.taxon	description	(Fig. 114, SEA)	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFA95E7FFC9EFF79FCBABF6E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Not known.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFA95E7FFC9EFF79FCBABF6E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. These records are of individuals that are likely from the ornamental fish trade, not established (Lim & Ng, 1997 b).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFA95E7FFC21FC4DFB47BAAA.taxon	description	(Fig. 115, SAs)	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFA95E7FFC21FC4DFB47BAAA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Not known.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFA95E7FFC21FC4DFB47BAAA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is probably from ornamental fish trade, and not established (Lim & Ng, 1990). The females of this species are sometimes sold as live feed in the ornamental fish trade (Tan HH, pers. obs.).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFA95E7EFC4AF909FD37BEAB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Singapore Quarry (Lim, 2013 b). Distribution. Mandai area (Anonymous, 1988 a; Ng & Lim,	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFA95E7EFC4AF909FD37BEAB.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is a popular species in the ornamental fish 1997 a); Jurong area (Ng & Lim, 1997 a). trade as it is considered lucky or good for “ feng shui ” (Lim & Ng, 1990). Ng & Lim, 1992; Ng & Lim, 1997 a, 1997 b); Upper Seletar Reservoir (Anonymous, 1988 a; Ng & Lim, 1997 a, 1997 b); Mandai area (Anonymous, 1988 b; Ng & Lim, 1997 a); Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve (Lim & Ng, 1992; Ng & Lim, 1997 a; National Parks Board, 2003); Kallang River (now part of Marina Reservoir; Tan HH et al., 2010); Kranji Marsh (Tan et al., 2016). Remarks. Regan (1910) described Trichopodus pectoralis based on a series of six specimens from Thailand (Siam) and Singapore, but did not provide more precise locations. This species had apparently been introduced into Singapore in 1898 for aquaculture (Smith, 1933), and is presently sold in local markets, salted and without heads (Tan HH, pers. obs.). Fig. 116. Trichopodus microlepis, 92.6 mm SL, trade material.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFA85E7EFC74FA28FAD0BA4B.taxon	description	(Fig. 119 A, B, SEA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFA85E7EFEC1FD09FCC2B432.taxon	description	(Fig. 117, SEA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFA85E7EFEC1FD09FCC2B432.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Herre & Myers (1937) obtained 14 specimens from Singapore but did not provide location details; Jurong and Kranji Rivers (Alfred, 1961); Lower Peirce Reservoir (Alfred, 1966 a); Singapore Botanic Gardens (Anonymous, 1988 a); Seletar area (Munro, 1990); Central Catchment Nature Reserve — Nee Soon Swamp Forest (Lim, 1991;	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFA85E7EFC05FD58FBEEB98B.taxon	description	(Fig. 118, SEA [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFA85E7EFC05FD58FBEEB98B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Lower Seletar Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFA85E7EFC05FD58FBEEB98B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The source of introduction is not known as this is a rarely-encountered species in the ornamental fish trade (Tan HH, pers. obs.).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFA65E70FF30FA8FFD98BBE8.taxon	description	(Fig. 124, AF [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFA65E70FF30FA8FFD98BBE8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Kallang River (Tan, 2019); Bishan Park (unpublished record).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFA65E70FF30FA8FFD98BBE8.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is based on observations (Tan, 2019; Tan & Tay, 2019) and actual specimens. The source of introduction of the specimens is a mystery (Tan, 2019).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFA65E70FEE1FDD8FEB5B8EC.taxon	description	(Fig. 123, SAs)	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFA65E70FEE1FDD8FEB5B8EC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Kranji Reservoir.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFA65E70FEE1FDD8FEB5B8EC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is an overlooked record which was brought to our attention recently (Raghavan R, pers. comm., February 2020). This species is common in the ornamental fish trade (Tan HH, pers. obs.).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFA65E70FC06FDDBFBA1B85B.taxon	description	(Fig. 125, SA)	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFA65E70FC06FDDBFBA1B85B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Kallang River (Tan & Tay, 2019).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFA65E70FC06FDDBFBA1B85B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is a common ornamental fish, and most likely a discarded pet fish.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFA65E70FC38FB38FAC8BBE5.taxon	description	(Fig. 126, [SPC])	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFA65E70FC38FB38FAC8BBE5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Jurong Lake area (Tan HH, pers. obs.).	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
564D87BDFFA65E70FC38FB38FAC8BBE5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is most likely a hybrid, as all Veija specimens lack the blue iridescent spots on the head.	en	Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016
