taxonID	type	description	language	source
505D482CFFB7FFA1FEC5FB76FC31A78E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: holotype, SAIAB 38673 (101 cm TL, male), Comoro Ids, Grand Comoro (Ngazidja), south coast off Itsounzou (11 E 52 ' S, 43 E 23 ' E), depth approximately 143 m; baited fish trap; 23 October 1991; P. C. Heemstra, collector; paratype, SAIAB 74102 (101 cm TL, female) and USNM 376770 (77 cm TL), same data as holotype.	en	Heemstra, Phillip C. (2004): Gymnothorax hansi, a new species of moray eel (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) from the Comoro Islands, Western Indian Ocean. Zootaxa 515: 1-7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157577
505D482CFFB7FFA1FEC5FB76FC31A78E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A moderately large moray (maximum length at least 101 cm) of the subfamily Muraeninae, genus Gymnothorax (as defined by Böhlke et al., 1989); head plus body distinctly longer than tail; dorsal fin origin at vertical midway between gill opening and rear edge of eye. Jaws closing completely when mouth is shut; teeth sharp, caniniform, slightly curved, uniserial on maxillae and dentaries; longest intermaxillary tooth equals 64 % eye diameter; branchial pores 2. Anterior nostril tube reaches well in front of snout; posterior nostril irregular, set in a low fleshy mound, with opening directed dorso­posteriorly. Adults chestnut brown dorsally on head, body and most of tail; dorsal and anal fins brown anteriorly, blackish posteriorly with a bright white margin from dorsal fin origin round tail tip to origin of anal fin; anterior nostril tube, posterior nostril mound and iris yellow; adult male with head and ventro­lateral part of body of adult male golden brown and several, irregular, distinct, dusky or black spots scattered over most of the body, tail and dorsal fin; adult female with head paler below and a few faint dusky spots on body and tail; both sexes with pores on jaws set in white spots.	en	Heemstra, Phillip C. (2004): Gymnothorax hansi, a new species of moray eel (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) from the Comoro Islands, Western Indian Ocean. Zootaxa 515: 1-7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157577
505D482CFFB7FFA1FEC5FB76FC31A78E.taxon	description	Description. (Counts and measurements are given in Table 1.) Moderately elongate, pre­anus distance 54 – 60 % TL; head length 11 – 12 % TL; dorsal and anal fins moderately high, dorsal fin higher than anal; dorsal­fin origin on head slightly before first branchial pore. Gill opening a mid­lateral, slightly oblique slit, the lateral edge crescentic. Branchial pores inconspicuous. Counts of lateralis head pores are given in Table 1. Supra­orbital pores 3, the anteriormost (ethmoid) pore is between the base of the nostril tube and the upper lip, second pore of the supra­orbital canal is anterior to the base of the nostril tube. The missing pores of the infra­orbital series of the juvenile paratype are the posteriormost pore on each side. The posteriormost pore of the mandibular series is below the rictus. Median intermaxillary teeth: Holotype with 1 large tooth below middle of eye; female with an irregular series of 6 teeth, 4 in front of eye and 2 at level of eye; juvenile with 1 tooth in front of eye and 3 at level of eye. Upper jaw (maxillae + peripheral teeth of intermaxillary) teeth: male holotype 13 L, 10 R; female paratype 16 L, 14 R; juvenile 9 on both sides. Lower jaw teeth: holotype 11 L, 12 R; female 18 L, 15 R; juvenile 10 L, 13 R. Vomer with 3 or 4 hidden, minuscule teeth. Ostensibly the jaw teeth appear smooth, but with the 40 x magnification of a dissecting microscope the proximal edges of the largest intermaxillary, maxillary and dentary teeth show minuscule crenulations. Vertebrae: 4 predorsal, 82 – 84 preanal, 183 – 185 total. Comparison with other species. In their catalogue of the type specimens of Indo­ Pacific morays, Böhlke and Smith (2002) recognize ~ 100 valid species of the genus Gymnothorax. The vertebral counts for G. hansi are significantly higher than the number of vertebrae for all other Indo­Pacific Gymnothorax species for which counts are available, except Gymnothorax prolatus Sasaki & Amaoka, 1991 from Taiwan, Gymnothorax polyspondylus Böhlke & Randall, 2000 from Hawaii and Gymnothorax albimarginatus Temminck & Schlegel, 1846 which is known from the Indo­central Pacific. Compared with G. prolatus, G. hansi has a larger head (HL 8.4 – 8.6 in TL; versus HL 11 in TL in prolatus), deeper body (D / GO 14 in TL; versus 29 in TL for prolatus); one row of maxillary teeth (biserial in prolatus); and prolatus has the body and fins uniformly dark brown. Compared with G. polyspondylus, G. hansi has fewer vertebrae (82 – 84 pre­anal and 183 – 185 total, versus 89 pre­anal and 233 total vertebrae in polyspondylus), deeper body (D / GO 25 in TL for polyspondylus) and polyspondylus also lacks dark spots on the body and a white margin on the dorsal and anal fins.	en	Heemstra, Phillip C. (2004): Gymnothorax hansi, a new species of moray eel (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) from the Comoro Islands, Western Indian Ocean. Zootaxa 515: 1-7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157577
505D482CFFB7FFA1FEC5FB76FC31A78E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The adult female paratype has a large ovary that extends almost the entire length of the abdominal cavity. The eggs are small, about 1.0 mm in diameter. The testis of the adult male holotype extends along the right side of the rear half of the abdominal cavity. The sausage­shaped swimbladder is well developed in both adults; it is located at the anterior end of the abdominal cavity; in the male it is 13 cm long by 22 mm in diameter. The teeth are more numerous in the adult female (30 total peripheral teeth in upper jaw and 33 teeth in lower jaw) than in the adult male (23 total peripheral teeth in both jaws). The same sexual dimorphism in number of teeth (females with more numerous teeth than males) was reported by Collette et al. (1991) for Gymnothorax parini and 4 other species Gymnothorax.	en	Heemstra, Phillip C. (2004): Gymnothorax hansi, a new species of moray eel (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) from the Comoro Islands, Western Indian Ocean. Zootaxa 515: 1-7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157577
505D482CFFB7FFA1FEC5FB76FC31A78E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Gymnothorax hansi is known only from deep water (~ 143 m) at Ngazidja (Grand Comoro Island). It was not observed during ~ 30 dives on the shallow fringing reef (5 to 50 m) at Ngazidja or Mayotte.	en	Heemstra, Phillip C. (2004): Gymnothorax hansi, a new species of moray eel (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) from the Comoro Islands, Western Indian Ocean. Zootaxa 515: 1-7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157577
505D482CFFB7FFA1FEC5FB76FC31A78E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This eel is named in honour of Prof Dr Hans Fricke, in recognition of his pioneering contributions to the study of fish behavior and the deep demersal fish communities of the Comoro Islands, Red Sea and Indo­Pacific region.	en	Heemstra, Phillip C. (2004): Gymnothorax hansi, a new species of moray eel (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) from the Comoro Islands, Western Indian Ocean. Zootaxa 515: 1-7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157577
