identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
52368796FFB7FFDD49A4FD9200A4F926.text	52368796FFB7FFDD49A4FD9200A4F926.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tomocerus dong	<div><p>Tomocerus dong sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1A, B, 2, 3</p><p>Type material. Holotype male adult, on slide. Collected in Cave I, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.89534&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.870165" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.89534/lat 27.870165)">Zhengjiatun Village</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.89534&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.870165" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.89534/lat 27.870165)">Nuxi Township</a>, Jiangkou County, Tongren, Guizhou Province, China, 108°53'43.23"E, 27°52'12.59''N, alt. 397m, 30.vi.2014, by Mingyi Tian, Weixin Liu, Haomin Yin, Sunbin Huang &amp; Xinhui Wang . Paratypes one female and two male adults on slides, 10 in 99% alcohol, same data as holotype. All types in NJAU .</p><p>Description. Body length 3.5–4.5mm. Body with uniform light to dark grey pigment, with unpigmented patches. Clypeus, antero-dorsal area of head, Ant. I and Ant. II darker. Eye patches black (Fig. 1A).</p><p>Body clothed densely by scales and various types of chaetae. Scales of typical morphology of Tomocerinae, with continuous longitudinal ridges on surface. Ordinary chaetae of different sizes. Microchaetae smooth and pointed. Macrochaetae and mesochaetae from slightly to strongly ciliated, some slightly ciliated mesochaetae appearing to be smooth under optical microscope. Most macrochaetae straight and subcylindrical, some macrochaetae on posterior segments of abdomen long, curved and acuminate. Mesochaetae acuminate, shorter and thinner than macrochaetae. S-chaetae subcylindrical, more hyaline than ordinary chaetae, as small as microchaetae except long ones on Abd. IV. Dorso-inner chaetae on basal and middle subsegments of dens modified as strong pointed spines. Pseudopores as small circular structures similar to sockets of chaetae, distributed at least on Th. II to Abd. IV, coxae, and manubrium.</p><p>Antenna 1.2–1.4 times as long as body. Antenna length ratio as I:II:III:IV= 1.0:1.4–1.5:13.9–15.2:0.8–1.0 in two paratypes. Both dorsal and ventral sides of Ant. I and Ant. II scaled, Ant. III dorso-basally with several scales. PAO rounded with four lobed vesicle, as large as eye. Eyes 6+6, relatively small than most edaphic species (Fig 2 A). Mouthparts typical for Tomocerinae. Labral chaetae formula as 4/5, 5, 4. Distal edge of labrum with four curved spine-like papillae. Mandibular head asymmetrical, the left one with 4 teeth and the right one with 5, left molar plate distally with a tapered tooth (Fig. 2 B). Basal teeth of maxillary lamella 5 longer than apical ones, without beard-like appendage (Fig. 2 C). Maxillary outer lobe with trifurcate palp, one basal chaeta and 4 sublobal hairs. Both dorsal and ventral sides of head scaled. Cephalic dorsal macrochaetotaxy: anterior area: 2, 2; interocular area: 2, 3, central uneven macrochaeta present; postocular area: 2+2; posterior area: 2+2. Posterior margin of head with 40–50 small chaetae (Fig. 2 D). Mentum with 5 chaetae, submentum with numerous chaetae.</p><p>Pattern of body chaetotaxy as in Fig. 2 E. Number of bothriotricha as 2, 1/ 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0 on Th. II–Abd. VI as typical in Tomocerinae. Macrochaetae densely arranged along anterior margin of Th. II (not shown in figure). Th. II with a file of macrochaetae behind anterior margin. Number of macrochaetae or large mesochaetae in the posterior row as 3, 3/ 3, 3, 4, 2, 4 from Th. II to Abd.V. Th. II with four central macrochaetae arranged approximately in triangular pattern, postero-central chaeta near pseudopore; Abd.III with two anterior macrochaetae; Abd.IV with one antero-lateral macrochaeta; Abd.VI with numerous chaetae of moderate size. Most mesochaetae laterally and posteriorly on terga. Pseudopores near the axis of terga, number of them as 1, 1/ 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0 from Th. II to Abd. VI (Fig. 2 E).</p><p>Trochantero-femoral organ with 1, 1 small slender chaetae (Fig. 2 F). Front, middle and hind tibiotarsus ventrally with 3–5, 4–5, 4–5 spine-like chaetae (Fig. 2 G). Each tibiotarsus with distal whorl of 11 chaetae, ventral six as ordinary chaetae, dorsal five modified: tenent hair clavate, about 0.45 times as long as inner edge of unguis; one pair of accessory chaetae small, slightly longer than pretarsal chaetae; one pair of guard chaetae thinner and shorter than tenent hair. Unguis slender, with baso-internal ridges about 1/3 distance from base; lateral teeth pointed, of moderate size. Inner edge of unguis with one basal and one central minute teeth. Unguiculus slender, about 0.5–0.75 times as long as unguis, its inner edge with one large corner tooth. Pretarsus chaetae 1+1 (Fig. 3 A).</p><p>Ventral tube with scales on both anterior and posterior faces, lateral flaps unscaled, anterior face with about 30 chaetae on each side, posterior face with about 150 chaetae, each lateral flap with about 90 chaetae. Rami of tenaculum with 4+4 teeth, anterior face unscaled, with 2–3 small chaetae (Fig. 3 B). Furca length ratio as manubrium:dens:mucro=3.5–3.7:4.7–4.9:1.0. Manubrium ventrally scaled, without chaetae, laterally with large round scales, 1–2 small proximal chaetae and 10–15 distal strong chaetae; dorsal scales absent; each dorsal chaetal stripe with about 400 chaetae of different sizes, including 2+2 pointed prominent chaetae; pseudopores 15–20 on each side (Figs 1 B, 3C); external corner chaeta as large as moderate to large sized mesochaetae in chaetal stripe (Fig. 3 D). Dens basally with one pointed prominent dorsal chaeta, without large modified inner scale or strong outer chaetae. Dental spines formula as 3–5/4–6, I, 1–2, I; all spines with numerous moderate sized denticles (Fig. 3 E). Dens dorsally with ordinary chaetae and feather-like chaetae as in other Tomocerinae, ventrally covered by scales. Mucro elongated, bearing numerous smooth chaetae with elongated sockets (not shown in figure); both basal teeth with proximal lamellae, outer tooth with or without small toothlet; apical and subapical tooth subequal; structure of dorsal lamellae of Tomocerus type, two dorsal lamellae running from subapical tooth, outer lamella ending in inner basal tooth, inner lamella ending at base of mucro; outer lamella with 1–3 small intermediate teeth (Fig. 3 F). Genital plates normal for Tomocerinae, male with longitudinal genital orifice and numerals small chaetae on the plate, female with transversal genital orifice, exact chaetotaxy unclear.</p><p>Etymology. Specific name from Chinese word dong, meaning cave.</p><p>Remarks. Tomocerus dong sp. nov. resembles the Vietnamese species T. postantennalis and another new species T. deharvengi sp. nov. in the long antenna, the grey body colour, the morphology of claws, the type and arrangement of dental spines, and most of all, the presence of a well developed PAO, but the species can be readily distinguished from the latters by the sharp differences in the chaetotaxy on head and Th. II. Besides, compared to the other two species, the PAO of T. dong sp. nov. is of the same size but appears to be more complicated, probably implying a functional advantage. The labral formula is also different, T. postantennalis and T. deharvengi sp. nov. has six prelabral chaetae, while T. dong sp. nov. has four which is standard for Tomocerinae. Some individuals of T. dong sp. nov. lack the toothlet on the outer basal tooth of mucro, showing this classic generic character (Yosii 1955) can be variable within the same species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/52368796FFB7FFDD49A4FD9200A4F926	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yu, Daoyuan;Li, Youbang	Yu, Daoyuan, Li, Youbang (2016): New troglomorphic species of Tomocerus with well-developed postantennal organs (Collembola: Tomoceridae). Zootaxa 4162 (2): 361-372, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4162.2.10
52368796FFB2FFDE49A4F8D20610FAE3.text	52368796FFB2FFDE49A4F8D20610FAE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tomocerus deharvengi	<div><p>Tomocerus deharvengi sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1 C, 4, 5</p><p>Type material. Holotype female adult, on slide. Collected in Lengshuicao Cave, Shuinongtun, Nabu Village, Baisheng Township, Napo County, Baise, Guangxi Province, China, 6.X.2015, by Youbang Li, Zhouquan Wei and Yueting Feng . Paratypes four female adults on slides, 10 in 99% alcohol, same data as holotype. All types in NJAU .</p><p>Description. Body length 4.1–4.8mm. Body with uniform light to dark grey pigment, with unpigmented patches. Clypeus, antero-dorsal area of head, Ant.I and Ant. II darker. Eye patches black (Fig. 1 C).</p><p>Intact antenna not seen, longest regenerated antenna approximately 1.4 times as long as body. Antenna length ratio as I:II:III+IV= 1.0:1.4:22.0–24.0. Both dorsal and ventral sides of Ant. I and Ant. II scaled, Ant. III dorsobasally with several scales. PAO with oval central pit and broad vesicle, long diameter of central pit subequal to that of eye (Fig. 4 A). Eyes 6+6, relatively small. Labral chaetae formula as 6/5, 5, 4. Distal edge of labrum with four curved spines each setting on a papilla-like structure (Fig. 4 B). Mandibular head asymmetrical, the left one with 4 teeth and the right one with 5, left molar plate distally with a tapered tooth (Fig. 4 C). Basal teeth of maxillary lamella 5 elongated, without beard-like appendage (Fig. 4 D). Maxillary outer lobe with trifurcate palp (Fig. 4 E), one basal chaeta and 4 sublobal hairs. Both dorsal and ventral sides of head scaled. Cephalic dorsal macrochaetotaxy: anterior area: 2; interocular area: 2, central uneven macrochaeta absent; postocular area: 2+2; posterior area: 1+1. Posterior margin of head with 70–80 small chaetae (Fig. 4 F). Mentum with 5 chaetae, submentum with numerous chaetae.</p><p>Pattern of body chaetotaxy as in Fig. 4 G. Number of bothriotricha as 2, 1/ 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0 on Th. II–Abd. VI. Macrochaetae densely arranged along anterior margin of Th. II (not shown in figure). Th. II with a file of macrochaetae behind anterior margin. Number of macrochaetae or large mesochaetae in the posterior row as 3, 3/ 3, 3, 4, 2, 4 from Th. II to Abd.V. Th. II with two central macrochaetae, posterior one near pseudopore; Abd.III with two anterior macrochaetae; Abd.IV with one antero-lateral macrochaeta; Abd.VI with numerous chaetae of different sizes. Most mesochaetae laterally and posteriorly on terga. Pseudopores near the axis of terga, number of them as 1, 1/ 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0.</p><p>Trochantero-femoral organ with 1, 1 small slender chaetae. Front, middle and hind tibiotarsus ventrally with 4– 5, 4–5, 5–6 spine-like chaetae (Fig. 4 H). Each tibiotarsus with a distal whorl of 11 chaetae, ventral six as ordinary chaetae, dorsal five modified: morphology of tenent hair unknown, its sockets slightly larger than those of guard chaetae; a pair of accessory chaetae small, subequal to pretarsal chaetae; one pair of guard chaetae slender (Fig. 5 A). Unguis slender, with baso-internal ridges about 1/3 distance from base; lateral teeth pointed, of moderate size. Inner edge of unguis with one basal and one central minute teeth. Unguiculus slender, about 0.5–0.75 times as long as unguis, its inner edge with one large corner tooth. Pretarsus chaetae 1+1 (Fig. 5 B).</p><p>Ventral tube with scales on both anterior and posterior faces, lateral flaps unscaled, anterior face with about 40–50 chaetae on each side, posterior face with 90–120 chaetae, each lateral flap with 95–110 chaetae. Rami of tenaculum with 4+4 teeth, anterior face with 6–7 small chaetae and without scale (Fig. 5 C). Furca length ratio as manubrium:dens:mucro=3.0–3.5:4.5–5.4:1.0. Manubrium ventrally scaled, without chaetae, laterally with large round scales and 9–11 chaetae, proximal 1–2 small, distal ones large, moderately developed; each dorsal chaetal stripe with 250–300 chaetae of different sizes and a few randomly distributed inner scales, prominent chaetae 2+2, pointed; pseudopores 13–16 on each side (Fig 5 D); external corner chaeta as large as moderate sized mesochaetae in chaetal stripe (Fig. 5 E). Dens basally with a pointed prominent dorsal chaeta, without large modified inner scale or strong outer chaetae. Dental spines formula as 3–4/3–4, I, 1, I; all spines with numerous small to moderate sized denticles (Fig. 5 F). Dens dorsally with ordinary chaetae and feather-like chaetae, ventrally covered by scales. Mucro elongated and multi-setaceous; both basal teeth with proximal lamellae, outer tooth with relatively large toothlet; apical and subapical tooth subequal; structure of dorsal lamellae of Tomocerus type, outer lamella with 5– 7 moderate sized intermediate teeth (Fig. 5 G).</p><p>Etymology. Named after the French collembologist and speleologist Dr. Louis Deharveng.</p><p>Remarks. Tomocerus deharvengi sp. nov. is congruent with T. postantennalis in most characters, especially in the habitus, the PAO, the prelabral chaetae, the body chaetotaxy, the claw and the dental spines. However, they are still considerably different in several characters: T. postantennalis has four macrochaetae in the anterior area of head, whereas T. deharvengi sp. nov. has only two; with the same or larger body size, the latter species has less pseudopores on manubrium and less dental spines on the middle subsegment of dens. Besides, the PAO in T. deharvengi sp. nov. has a broad outer vesicle which is not seen in Tomocerus postantennalis, but considering the vesicle may be eversible, this difference can not be used in diagnosis at present.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/52368796FFB2FFDE49A4F8D20610FAE3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yu, Daoyuan;Li, Youbang	Yu, Daoyuan, Li, Youbang (2016): New troglomorphic species of Tomocerus with well-developed postantennal organs (Collembola: Tomoceridae). Zootaxa 4162 (2): 361-372, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4162.2.10
52368796FFB1FFD349A4FA1B0158F993.text	52368796FFB1FFD349A4FA1B0158F993.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tomocerus cthulhu	<div><p>Tomocerus cthulhu sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1 D, E, 6, 7</p><p>Type material. Holotype female adult, on slide. Collected in Yanzhi Cave, Guijiao Village, Pingmeng Township, Napo County, Baise, Guangxi Province, China, 8.X.2015, by Youbang Li, Zhouquan Wei and Yueting Feng . Paratypes two female and three male adults on slides, 6 in 99% alcohol, same data as holotype. All types in NJAU .</p><p>Description. Body length 2.7–3.0mm for males, 3.9–4.5mm for females. Body with uniform light brownish to blackish grey pigment, with unpigmented patches. Clypeus, antero-dorsal area of head, Ant.I and Ant. II darker. Eye patches black (Fig. 1 D).</p><p>Intact antenna not seen. Longest observed broken antenna more than two times as long as body. Length ratio of Ant I:II= 1.0:1.4–1.5. Both dorsal and ventral sides of Ant. I and Ant. II scaled, Ant. III dorso-basally with several scales. PAO with oval central pit and fusiform vesicle, long diameter of central pit subequal to or slightly longer than that of eye (Fig. 6 A). Eyes 6+6, relatively small. Labral chaetae formula as 4/5, 5, 4. Distal edge of labrum with four curved spines. Mandibular head asymmetrical, the left one with 4 teeth and the right one with 5, left molar plate distally with a tapered tooth (Fig. 6 B). Basal teeth of maxillary lamella 5 longer than apical ones, without beard-like appendage (Fig. 6 C). Maxillary outer lobe with trifurcate palp, one basal chaeta and 4 sublobal hairs. Both dorsal and ventral sides of head scaled. Cephalic dorsal macrochaetotaxy: anterior area: 2; interocular area: 0; postocular area: 1+1; posterior area: 2+2. Posterior margin of head with 40–60 small chaetae (Fig. 6 D). Mentum with 5 chaetae, submentum with numerous chaetae.</p><p>Pattern of body chaetotaxy as in Fig. 6 E. Number of bothriotricha as 2, 1/ 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0. Macrochaetae densely arranged along anterior margin of Th. II (not shown in figure). Th. II with file of macrochaetae behind anterior margin. Number of macrochaetae or large mesochaetae in posterior row as 3, 3/ 2, 2, 3–4, 1–2, 4 from Th. II to Abd.V. Th. II with one central macrochaeta near pseudopore; Abd.III with two anterior macrochaetae; Abd.IV with one lateral macrochaeta; Abd.VI with numerous chaetae of different sizes. Most mesochaetae laterally and posteriorly on terga. Pseudopores near the axis of terga, number of them as 1, 1/ 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0 from Th. II to Abd. VI.</p><p>Trochantero-femoral organ with 1, 1 small slender chaetae. Front, middle and hind tibiotarsus ventrally with 4– 5, 3–5, 4 pointed spine-like chaetae (Fig. 6 F). Each tibiotarsus with distal whorl of 11 chaetae, ventral six as ordinary chaetae, dorsal five modified: tenent hair short, slender and pointed; one pair of accessory chaetae small, longer than pretarsal chaetae; one pair of guard chaetae slender, longer than tenent hair. Unguis slender, with basointernal ridges about 1/3 distance from base; lateral teeth pointed, of moderate size. Inner edge of unguis with an extremely minute basal tooth and 1–2 minute more distal teeth. Unguiculus slender, about 0.5–0.75 times as long as unguis, with sharply acuminate apex, its inner edge with one corner tooth. Pretarsus chaetae 1+1 (Fig. 6 G).</p><p>In large specimens ventral tube covered with scales on both anterior and posterior faces, in small specimens both faces with only few scales or unscaled. Lateral flaps unscaled. Apical vesicles with 6–8 tentacle-like papillae on either side (Figs 1 E, 7A). Anterior face with 35–65 chaetae on each side, posterior face with 80–170 chaetae, each lateral flap with 50–115 chaetae. Rami of tenaculum with 4+4 teeth, anterior face with 1–11 small chaetae, without scale (Fig. 7 B, C). Furca length ratio as manubrium:dens:mucro=3.0–3.7:4.0–5.0:1.0. Manubrium ventrally scaled, without chaetae, laterally with large round scales and 12–16 large chaetae, in some specimens with several small chaetae among large ones; each dorsal chaetal stripe with 200–300 chaetae of different sizes and a few randomly distributed inner scales, prominent chaetae 2+2, pointed and relatively short; pseudopores 16–29 on each side (Fig 7 D); external corner chaeta as large mesochaetae (Fig. 7 E). Dens basally with one pointed prominent dorsal chaeta, without large modified inner scale or strong outer chaetae. Dental spines formula as 3–5/ 4–5, I, 0–1, I; all spines with numerous moderate sized denticles (Fig. 7 F). Dens dorsally with ordinary chaetae and feather-like chaetae, ventrally covered by scales. Mucro elongated and multi-setaceous; both basal teeth with proximal lamellae, outer tooth with 1–3 toothlets; apical tooth longer than subapical one; structure of dorsal lamellae of Tomocerus type, outer lamella with 3–6 moderate sized intermediate teeth (Fig. 7 G).</p><p>Etymology. Named after the fictional character Cthulhu from H. P. Lovecraft's novel The Call of Cthulhu, who has multiple tentacles on its face, similar to the appearance of ventral tube in the new species.</p><p>Remarks. Among Tomocerinae, Tomocerus cthulhu sp. nov. is so far unique for its multi-furcated vesicles of ventral tube, which appears in both subadults and adults (young juvenile specimen not available). The exact effect of this modification is unclear, but it can be inferred that the papillae can enlarge the surface of the vesicle and probably advance its function of water-ionic exchange (Hopkin 1997). Tomocerus cthulhu sp. nov. is similar to T. postantennalis, T. dong sp. nov. and T. deharvengi sp. nov. in the habitus, the PAO, the claws and the shape of dental spines, but is different from the latters mainly in the lighter pigmentation, the cephalic and body chaetotaxy and the elongated apical tooth of mucro. Among all six specimens on slides, the females are distinctly larger than the males, tending to have more manubrial pseudopores and more chaetae on the ventral tube and dorsal side of manubrium. The number of chaetae on tenaculum has a large range of variation. In three observed males there are respectively 1, 1 and 2 such chaetae, while in three females the numbers are 3, 6 (or more) and 11, thus even within the same sex and similar body size the number is still variable. In three specimens the mucronal basal teeth are quite unusual on one or both sides, that the inner basal tooth could be doubled and the outer one could be trifurcated (Fig. 7 H) or quadrifurcated (Fig. 7 I). Most specimens have the dental spines arranged as 3–4/4–5, II, that no small spine appears between two large distal ones. But in one female the right dens bears 5/5, I, 1, I spines, and in this case the spines are arranged in approximately two rows (Fig. 7 J), and this individual has doubled inner basal tooth and trifurcated outer basal tooth on the right mucro.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/52368796FFB1FFD349A4FA1B0158F993	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yu, Daoyuan;Li, Youbang	Yu, Daoyuan, Li, Youbang (2016): New troglomorphic species of Tomocerus with well-developed postantennal organs (Collembola: Tomoceridae). Zootaxa 4162 (2): 361-372, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4162.2.10
