identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
526987FFFFD5FFED5F66FDC5FD72115E.text	526987FFFFD5FFED5F66FDC5FD72115E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Niphargus urmiensis Mamaghani-Shishvan & Esmaeili-Rineh 2019	<div><p>Niphargus urmiensis sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7C655030-3855-4B46-85D1-76DB596428AA</p><p>Figs 1, 3–6</p><p>Diagnosis (based on male only)</p><p>The palpus of maxilla I is short and does not reach the tip of the outer lobe. The size of coxae in gnathopods I and II is sub-similar. Gnathopods bear trapezoidal to rectangular shape of propodi. Gnathopds I to II dactyli have a single seta on the outer margin. Dorso-laterally, the urosomites I to II bear one and two setae, respectively. The inner ramus in uropod I is longer than the outer ramus. Epimeral plates I–II are partly angular but not produced. Lobes of telson have three distal spines each and no lateral spines. The telson cleft is more than half its length.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The name ‘urmiensis’ refers to Urmia City, the center of West Azerbaijan province (Iran), where the species was found.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN • ♂; West Azerbaijan Province, Oshnavieh City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.046665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.056942" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.046665/lat 37.056942)">Randole Spring</a>; 37°03′25″ N, 45°02′48″ E; 10 Jul. 2016; M. Mamaghani-Shishvan leg.; ZCRU Amph. 1071.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>IRAN • 1 ♂, 1 juv. (body length 6.8 and 3.8 mm, respectively); same data as for holotype; ZCRU Amph.1071 .</p><p>Description of holotype</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. The total length of the holotype is 8 mm. Head represents 17% of the total body length (Fig. 3C).</p><p>ANTENNAE. Antenna I (Fig. 3A) is 0.51 times body length. Peduncular articles 1–3 progressively shorter; length of peduncular article 3 exceeds half of peduncular article 2 (ratio 1.00:1.80). Main flagellum with 18 articles (most with short setae), articles with up to one aesthetasc. Accessory flagellum bi-articulated and reaching ¼ of article 4 of main flagellum; both articles with two and one setae, respectively. Antenna II with flagellum formed of seven articles, approximately half as long as antenna I. Flagellum length is 0.79 times length of peduncle articles 4 +5. Peduncular article 4 of antenna II is longer than article 5 (1.3: 1.00), peduncle articles 4 and 5 with seven and five groups of setae, respectively (Fig. 3B).</p><p>MOUTH PARTS. Labium (Fig. 4C) bi-lobate; with fine setae on tip of outer lobes. Inner plate of maxilla I with two long apical setae, outer plate with seven long spines with 0-3-1-3-0-0-2 lateral projections; palp bi-articulated, short and not reaching tip of outer lobe, with seven apical setae (Fig. 3 D–E). Both plates of maxilla II with numerous long distal and lateral setae (Fig. 4E). Mandible: right mandible with four teeth on incisor process, lacinia mobilis pluritoothed and row of seven setae with lateral projections (Fig. 3F). Left mandible with five teeth on incisor process, lacinia mobilis with four teeth and row of eight setae with lateral projections (Fig. 3G). Mandibular palp articles 1:2:3 represent 20%, 31% and 49% of total palp length, respectively. Proximal article without setae; second article with four setae along inner margin and third article with one group of two A-setae, one group of B-setae, no C-setae, 12 D-setae and four E-setae (Fig. 3H). Maxilliped with short inner plate bearing four distal spines intermixed with five distal setae and one long lateral seta sub-distally; outer plate exceeding half of palp article 2, with eight spines along inner margin and three setae distally; maxilliped palp article 3 at outer margin with one proximal and one distal group of long setae; palp terminal article with three groups of setae at outer margin and one seta at base of nail, nail shorter than pedestal (Fig. 4D).</p><p>GNATHOPODS. Coxal plates of gnathopods I–II almost equal in size. Coxa of gnathopod I rectangular, longer than broad, anterior and ventral margins with five marginal setae. Basis with setae on anterior and posterior margins; ischium and merus with posterior group of setae. Carpus with one group of three setae antero-distally, bulge with long setae; carpus 0.55 times basis length and 0.87 times propodus length. Propodus of gnathopod I trapezoid shape and broader than long; anterior margin with four setae in one group in addition to antero-distal group of four setae. Palm convex, defined on outer surface by one strong long corner S-seta accompanied laterally by one L-seta with lateral projections and row of three facial M-setae, on inner surface by one short sub-corner R-seta. Dactylus reaching posterior margin of propodus, outer and inner margins of dactylus with one and four setae, respectively. Nail length 0.35 times total dactylus length (Fig. 4A). Coxal plate of gnathopod II with rectangular shape, longer than broad, anterior and ventral margins with seven setae. Basis with setae on anterior and posterior margins; ischium and merus with posterior group of setae. Carpus with one group of three setae antero-distally, bulge with long setae; carpus 0.69 times basis length and 0.85 times propodus length. Propodus longer than broad; anterior margin with two setae in one group in addition to antero-distal group of five setae. Palm slightly convex, defined on outer surface by one strong, long corner S-seta accompanied laterally by one L-seta with lateral projections and row of three facial M-setae, on inner surface by one short subcorner R-seta. Dactylus reaching posterior margin of propodus, outer and inner dactylar margins with one and three setae, respectively; nail short, 0.28 times total dactylus length (Fig. 4B). Coxal plate III rectangular, length to width ratio is 1.08: 1; antero-ventro-posterior margin with six setae. Coxal plate IV rectangular, antero-ventral margin with four setae, posterior concavity shallow and approximately 0.1 times coxa width (Fig. 5 A–B). Coxal plate V with five and one setae on anterior and posterior lobes, respectively. Coxal plate VI with one simple seta on posterior lobe. Coxal plate VII with one simple seta (Fig. 5 C–E).</p><p>PEREOPODS. Pereopod III:IV length ratio is 1.05: 1 (Fig. 5 A–B). Dactylus IV short, dactylus length 0.54 times propodus length, nail shorter than pedestal (Fig. 5B). Pereopods V:VI:VII length ratios 1: 1.17: 1.22, respectively. Pereopod VII is 0.53 times total body length. Pereopod bases V–VI each with six groups of spines along anterior margins and with eight and seven setae along posterior margins, respectively. Pereopod basis VII with six groups of spines along anterior margin and seven setae along posterior margin, respectively (Fig. 5 C–E). Postero-ventral lobe of ischium in pereopods V–VII developed. Ischium, merus and carpus in pereopods V–VII with several groups of spines and setae along anterior and posterior margins; propodus of pereopod VI longer than these in V and VII, dactyli of pereopods V–VII with one spine and one short seta at base of nail on inner margin, nail length of pereopod VII 0.3 times total dactylus length (Fig. 5 C–E).</p><p>EPIMERAL PLATES I–III (Fig. 6G). With angular postero-ventral corner, postero-ventral corners of plates I–III posteriorly with two, three and three spines and setae, respectively. Epimeral plates II–III with one and two spines along of ventral margins, respectively.</p><p>PLEOPODS. Peduncle of pleopods I–III with two-hooked retinacles at distal part of inner margins. Peduncle of pleopod I with one seta along of outer margin. Peduncle of pleopod III with two setae along of inner margin (Fig. 6 A–C); rami of pleopods I–III each with five to eight articles (Fig. 6 A–C).</p><p>PEREONITES. Pereonites I–VII without setae. Pleonites I–III each with one seta in middle of article on dorsal margin. Urosomites I–II with one and two setae on dorso-lateral margin, respectively. Urosomite III without setae. Urosomite I with one spine at base of uropod I.</p><p>UROPODS. Peduncle of uropod I with six and four large spines along dorso-lateral and dorso-medial margins, respectively. Outer ramus of uropod I slightly shorter than inner ramus (ratio 1: 1.06); inner ramus with one group of two spines laterally and four spines distally; outer ramus with two groups of two spines laterally and five spines distally (Fig. 6D). Inner ramus in uropod II longer than outer, both rami with lateral and distal long spines (Fig. 6E). Uropod III long, almost 0.42 times body length. Peduncle of uropod III with three spines, outer ramus bi-articulated, distal article 0.26 times proximal article. Proximal article of outer ramus bearing each six groups of spines along inner and outer margins (Fig. 6F); distal article with setae laterally and four setae distally. Inner ramus short, with one distal spine and one lateral seta. Telson longer than broad, lobes slightly narrowing; each lobe with three spines and one seta distally, with two plumose setae laterally (Fig. 6H).</p><p>Female</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Niphargus urmiensis sp. nov. is characterized by two traits. The first one is the presence of one spine with lateral projections on the outer surface of the palmar corner in gnathopods I–II propodi. This character has been reported in N. bisitunicus Esmaeili-Rineh, Sari &amp; Fišer, 2015 and N. fiseri sp. nov., however, both latter species bear the lateral spines in each telson lobe. Also, the maxillar palpus in N. urmiensis sp. nov. is short and not reaching the tip of the outer lobe of maxilla I, this character is rare among niphargids, but it has been reported in N. kermanshahi Esmaeili-Rineh, Heidari, Fišer &amp; Akmali, 2016, N. sohrevardensis Esmaeili-Rineh, Sari, Fišer &amp; Bargrizaneh, 2017, N. borisi Esmaeili-Rineh, Sari &amp; Fišer, 2015 and N. ilamensis Esmaeili-Rineh, Sari, Fišer &amp; Bargrizaneh, 2017 from Iran and N. auerbachi Schellenberg, 1934 from Switzerland. Niphargus urmiensis sp. nov., however, differs in the lower numbers of spines on the outer surface of the palmar corner of gnathopods I–II.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/526987FFFFD5FFED5F66FDC5FD72115E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mamaghani-Shishvan, Mahmoud;Esmaeili-Rineh, Somayeh	Mamaghani-Shishvan, Mahmoud, Esmaeili-Rineh, Somayeh (2019): Two new species of groundwater amphipods of the genus Niphargus Schiödte, 1849 from northwestern Iran. European Journal of Taxonomy 546: 1-23, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.546
526987FFFFDFFFF05F88FA88FC96132F.text	526987FFFFDFFFF05F88FA88FC96132F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Niphargus fiseri Mamaghani-Shishvan & Esmaeili-Rineh 2019	<div><p>Niphargus fiseri sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1C9668BC-69FD-4B1F-B08C-27C92D10EF05</p><p>Figs 1, 7–10</p><p>Diagnosis (based on male only)</p><p>Antenna I is shorter than half of the total body length. The palpus of maxilla I is as long as the outer lobe. The palmar corner of gnathopods I–II has two short supporting spines. Gnathopods I–II bear trapezoidal shape of propodi. Gnathopods I–II dactyli have a single seta on the outer margin. Pereopod VI is longer than pereopod VII. Urosomite I bears one simple seta and urosomite II bears two spines on dorso-lateral margin. The outer ramus in uropod I is shorter than the inner ramus. Epimeral plates I–II are partly pointed. The lobes of the telson bear three distal and one marginal spines. The telson cleft is more than half of the telson length.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The species is named in honor of Dr. Cene Fišer, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia who dedicated his research to the examination and exploration of subterranean amphipod diversity.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN • ♂; West Azerbaijan Province, Piranshahr City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.176113&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.581944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.176113/lat 36.581944)">Badin Abad Spring</a>; 36°34′55″ N, 45°10′34″ E; 24 Aug. 2016; M. Mamaghani-Shishvan leg.; ZCRU Amph. 1073.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>IRAN • 2 ♀♀ (body length between 6.8 and 7.5 mm); same data as for holotype; ZCRU Amph.1073 .</p><p>Description of holotype</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Total male body length is 8 mm. Head reperesents 18% of total body length (Fig. 7C). Antenna I is 0.39 times body length. Peduncular articles 1–3 progressively shorter; length of peduncular articles 3 exceeds half of peduncular article 2 (ratio 1.21:1); main flagellum with 16 articles (most with short setae), articles with up to one aesthetasc. Accessory flagellum bi-articulated and reaching ½ of article 4 of main flagellum, with one and two setae, respectively (Fig. 7A).</p><p>ANTENNAE. Antenna II with flagellum formed of seven articles, approximately half as long as antenna I. Flagellum length is 0.90 of length of peduncle article 4+ 5. Peduncular article 4 slightly longer than article 5, with seven and five groups of setae, respectively (Fig. 7B).</p><p>MOUTH PARTS. Labium (Fig. 8D) bi-lobate; with setae on the tip of lobes. Inner plate of maxilla I with two long apical setae; outer plate with seven spines with 3-2-2-1-0-1-0 lateral projections; palp bi-articulated, as long as outer lobe, with three long apical setae (Fig. 7 D–E). Both plates of maxilla II with numerous distal setae and two lateral setae (Fig. 8E). Left mandible with five teeth on incisor process, lacinia mobilis with four teeth and a row of seven setae with lateral projections (Fig. 7F). Right mandible with four teeth on incisor process, lacinia mobilis pluritoothed and row of five setae with lateral projections (Fig. 7G). Mandibular palp articles 1: 2:3 represent 22%, 35% and 43% of total palp length. Proximal article without setae, second article with five setae along inner margin and third article with one group of two A-setae, two groups of B-setae, no C-setae, 17 D-setae and five E-setae (Fig. 7H). Maxilliped with normal inner plate on which four distal spines intermixed with five distal and one simple long lateral setae subdistally; outer plate exceeding half of posterior margin of palp article 2, with nine spines along inner margin and three simple setae distally. Maxilliped palp article 3 with one proximal, inner and outer group of long simple setae at outer margin; palp terminal article with one simple seta at outer margin, nail shorter than pedestal (Fig. 8C).</p><p>GNATHOPODS. Gnathopod II larger than gnathopod I. Coxal plate of gnathopod I rounded, broader than long. Coxa I ventral margin with four setae. Basis with setae on anterior and posterior margins; ischium and merus with posterior group of setae. Carpus with one group of three setae antero-distally, bulge with long setae; carpus 0.53 times basis length and 0.88 times propodus length. Propodus longer than broad; anterior margin with three setae in one group in addition to antero-distal group of five setae. Palm slightly convex, defined on outer surface by one strong long corner S-seta accompanied laterally by one L-seta with lateral projections and row of three facial M-setae and by two short sub-corner R-setae on inner surface. Dactylus reaching posterior margin of propodus, outer and inner margins with row of one and two setae, respectively; nail short, 0.45 times total dactylus length (Fig. 8A). Coxal plate of gnathopod II slightly rounded, with five setae along antero-ventro-posterior margins. Basis with setae along anterior and posterior margins; posterior margins of ischium and merus with one posterior group of setae each. Carpus 0.64 times basis length and 0.90 times propodus length. Carpus with one group of two setae antero-distally. Propodus in gnathopod II larger than gnathopod I, rectangular and longer than broad; anterior margin with two setae in one group in addition to antero-distal group of four setae. Palm convex, defined on outer surface by one strong long corner S-seta accompanied laterally by one L-seta with lateral projections and row of three facial M-setae, on inner surface by two short sub-corner R-setae. Dactylus reaching posterior margin of propodus, outer and inner margins of dactylus with one and three setae, respectively. Nail length 0.45 of total dactylus length (Fig. 8B). Coxal plate III with rectangular shape, length to width ratio is 1.42: 1; antero-ventral margin with five setae. Coxal plate IV with rectangular shape, ventral margin with four setae, posterior concavity shallow and approximately 0.1 of coxa width (Fig. 9 A–B). Coxal plates V–VI with two and one setae on anterior and posterior lobes, respectively. Coxal plate VII with one seta (Fig. 9 C–E).</p><p>PEREOPODS. Pereopod III: IV length ratio1.03: 1 (Fig. 9 A–B).Dactylus IV short, dactylus length 0.43 times propodus length, nail shorter than pedestal (Fig. 9B). Pereopods V:VI: VII length ratios 1: 1.27: 1.15, respectively. Pereopod VII 0.45 times body length. Pereopod bases V and VII each with five groups of spines along anterior margins and with eight setae along posterior margins, respectively (Fig. 9C, E). Pereopod base VI with six groups of spines along posterior margin and with eight setae along anterior margin (Fig. 9D). Postero-ventral lobe of ischium in pereopods V–VII developed. Ischium, merus and carpus in pereopods V–VII with several groups of spines and setae along anterior and posterior margins; propodus of pereopod VII longer than these in V–VI, dactyli of pereopods V–VII with one spine and one short seta at base of nail on inner margin, nail length of pereopod VII 0.50 times of total dactylus length (Fig. 9 C–E).</p><p>EPIMERAL PLATES I–III (Fig. 10G). With angular postero-ventral corner, anterior and ventral margins convex; postero-ventral corners of plates I–III posteriorly with two, two and three spines and setae, respectively. Epimeral plates II–III each with two spines along of ventral margins. Peduncle of pleopods I–III with two-hooked retinacles at distal part of inner margins. Peduncle of pleopods II–III with one and two setae along of inner margin (Fig. 10 A–C); rami of pleopods I–III each with five to nine articles (Fig. 10 A–C).</p><p>PEREONITES. Pereonites I–VII without setae. Pleonites I–III each with one seta in middle of article on dorsal margin. Urosomites I–II with one seta and two spines dorso-laterally, respectively. Urosomite III without setae. Urosomite I with one spine at base of uropod I.</p><p>UROPODS. Peduncle of uropod I with four and three large spines along dorso-lateral and dorso-medial margins, respectively. Inner ramus of uropod I longer than outer ramus (ratio 1: 1.04); inner ramus with two groups of three spines laterally and five spines distally; outer ramus with two groups of three spines laterally and five spines distally (Fig. 10D). Inner ramus in uropod II longer than outer, both rami with lateral and distal long spines (Fig. 10E). Uropod III normal, almost 0.40 times body length. Peduncle of uropod III with five spines, outer ramus bi-articulated, distal 0.17 proximal articles. The proximal article of outer ramus bearing five and four groups of spines along inner and outer margins, respectively (Fig. 10F); distal article with four setae distally. Inner ramus short, with one distal spine and one lateral seta. Telson two times as long as broad, lobes slightly narrowing; each lobe with three spines distally, with one long spine and two plumose setae laterally (Fig. 10H).</p><p>Female</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Niphargus fiseri sp. nov. is diagnozed mainly by two characters. The first one is the presence of two supporting spines (R-setae sensu Karaman 2018) in both gnathopods, so far observed only in one species from Europe ( N. kenki Karaman, 1952), but it seems to be more common in Iran. This character has been reported in N. bisitunicus Esmaeili-Rineh, Sari &amp; Fišer, 2015 and N. lorestanensis Esmaeili-Rineh, 2018 . However, in the latter two species, the propodi in gnathopod I are more rectangular and more elongated. The second character is the length of the nail to pedestal ratio in the dactyli of gnathopods I to II that includes more than ½ of the dactyli in N. fiseri sp. nov. So far, this character has not been described in Iranian species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/526987FFFFDFFFF05F88FA88FC96132F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mamaghani-Shishvan, Mahmoud;Esmaeili-Rineh, Somayeh	Mamaghani-Shishvan, Mahmoud, Esmaeili-Rineh, Somayeh (2019): Two new species of groundwater amphipods of the genus Niphargus Schiödte, 1849 from northwestern Iran. European Journal of Taxonomy 546: 1-23, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.546
