identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
53135249091C5B2054C2E469E0CAF987.text	53135249091C5B2054C2E469E0CAF987.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cofana Melichar	<div><p>Key to the species of the genus Cofana Melichar from India based on adult males and females</p> <p>1. Pronotum with median longitudinal fuscous line extending onto scutellum (Fig. 9)..................................2</p> <p>- Pronotum without median longitudinal fuscous line or, if line present, not extending onto scutellum (Fig. 35)................................................................................................................................................................5</p> <p>2. Aedeagal shaft with two short acute processes anteapically (Figs. 10, 11); female seventh sternite rounded..................................................................................................................................... C. bidentata sp. nov.</p> <p>- Aedeagal shaft without two short anteapical processes; female seventh sternite with bi- or trilobed caudal prolongation (Figs. 26, 34)..........................................................................................................................3</p> <p>3. Dark brown (Fig. 6); aedeagal shaft triangular in lateral aspect (Fig. 45).................... C. spiculata sp. nov.</p> <p>- Pale ochraceous (Fig. 3); aedeagal shaft not triangular in lateral aspect (Fig. 19)......................................4</p> <p>4. Aedeagal shaft broadest near base, strongly tapering distally, dorsal apodeme separated from shaft by less than maximum width of shaft in lateral aspect (Fig. 28); female seventh sternite with caudal projection undulate (Fig. 34)............................................................................................................ C. nigrilinea (Stål)</p> <p>- Aedeagal shaft gradually broadened to near apex and then narrowed (Fig. 19), dorsal apodeme separated from shaft by more than maximum width of shaft in lateral aspect; female seventh sternite with caudal projection bilobed (Fig. 26)............................................................................................ C. lineata (Distant)</p> <p>5. Anterior margin of head broadly rounded, with median apical spot (Figs. 35, 52), large species measuring&gt; 7 mm..........................................................................................................................................................6</p> <p>- Anterior margin of head narrowly rounded, without median apical spot (Fig. 60), small species measuring 5.9–7.0 mm.......................................................................................................... C. unimaculata (Signoret)</p> <p>6. Forewing white, with appendix and surrounding areas of same texture as rest of wing; aedeagus in lateral aspect narrowly V-shaped (Fig. 36); apex of style acutely pointed (Fig. 41); female seventh sternite broadly convex with margin undulate (Fig. 43)............................................................ C. spectra (Distant)</p> <p>- Forewing greenish (Fig. 7); appendix and surrounding area membranous; aedeagus in lateral aspect broadly V-shaped (Fig. 53); apex of style bluntly pointed (Fig. 57); hind margin of female seventh sternite distinctly tridentate (Fig. 59)...................................................................................... C. subvirescens (Stål)</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/53135249091C5B2054C2E469E0CAF987	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Krishnankutty, Hu. M.;Viraktamath, Ra. A.	Krishnankutty, Hu. M., Viraktamath, Ra. A. (2008): Notes on the leafhopper genus Cofana Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) from India with description of two new species. Zootaxa 1874 (1): 35-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1874.1.3, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1874.1.3
53135249091C5B2454C2E0EEE1F3FEC2.text	53135249091C5B2454C2E0EEE1F3FEC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cofana bidentata Krishnankutty & Viraktamath 2008	<div><p>Cofana bidentata sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 2, 9–17)</p> <p>Length: male, 6.6–6.8 mm; female, 7.0–7.3 mm. Ochraceous. Crown with median apical black spot, two small spots near each lateral clypeal suture, disk of crown with large cordate black spot. Pronotum with distinct longitudinal line extending onto scutellum but without spots on anterior region, with depressions along middle portion of disk separating paler anterior portion from remaining portions (Fig. 9). Clypellus with pale brown longitudinal marking at base. Genae with brown markings. Forewing white.</p> <p>Male genitalia. Pygofer trapezoidal, with rounded caudo-dorsal margin and obliquely truncate caudal margin (Fig. 12). Style with apex slender, smoothly curved laterally in dorsal view (Fig. 15), in lateral view bifid (Fig. 16). Aedeagus with pair of short anteapical processes, in lateral view dorsal apodeme 0.75X as long as shaft (Fig. 10); in caudal view shaft broad, abruptly narrowed subapically with round apex (Fig. 11). Abdominal apodemes slender, extending to mid length of fourth segment (Fig. 14).</p> <p>Female genitalia. Hind margin of female seventh sternite broadly convex (Fig. 17).</p> <p>Etymology: The species epithet, bidentata, refers to the dentate processes on the aedeagal shaft.</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype male, India: Karnataka: 35 km W Jog Falls, 17. xi. 1976 (C.A. Viraktamath) [UAS]. Paratypes: 1 female, same data as for holotype; 1 male, 2 females, India: Karnataka, Mudigere, 7.iv. 1975, 700 m (K.D. Ghorpade); 4 females, India: Karnataka, Mudigere, 21.v.1976 (B. Mallik); 1 male, India: Karnataka, Hassan, 6.iv.1975 (C.A. Viraktamath); 1 male, India: Kerala: Meppadi, 18.x. 1975, 690m (C.A. Viraktamath) [BMNH, INHS, IARI, UAS, ZSI].</p> <p>Distribution. India (Karnataka, Kerala).</p> <p>Remarks. C. bidentata resembles C. yasumatsui Young, but differs in the position of the dentate processes on the aedeagal shaft; C. yasumatsui has the processes apically whereas in C. bidentata they are anteapical. Females of this species resemble C. spectra in the shape of the seventh sternite, but can be differentiated by both the external markings on the crown and the more narrowly rounded anterior margin.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/53135249091C5B2454C2E0EEE1F3FEC2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Krishnankutty, Hu. M.;Viraktamath, Ra. A.	Krishnankutty, Hu. M., Viraktamath, Ra. A. (2008): Notes on the leafhopper genus Cofana Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) from India with description of two new species. Zootaxa 1874 (1): 35-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1874.1.3, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1874.1.3
5313524909185B2454C2E7A1E11FFA57.text	5313524909185B2454C2E7A1E11FFA57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cofana lineata (Distant 1908)	<div><p>Cofana lineata (Distant) (Figs. 3, 18–26)</p> <p>Kolla lineata Distant, 1908: 224</p> <p>Cofana lineata, Young, 1979: 7</p> <p>Length: male, 5.6 mm; female, 6.2–6.5 mm. Pale ochraceous. Crown with anterior margin narrowly pointed, with median apical black spot and two medium sized round spots each near lateral clypeal sutures extending to ocelli, disk of crown with central conical large black spot. Pronotum with distinct central longitudinal brown line extending onto scutellum, anterior portion with 5-6 small brown spots arranged transversely and posterior margin with two pale black elongate spots on either side of central line (Fig. 18). Clypellus with central pale brown longitudinal line. Genae with brown markings. Forewing white.</p> <p>Male genitalia. Pygofer trapezoidal with rounded caudo-dorsal margin and obliquely truncate caudal margin (Fig. 21). Style with apex slender, smoothly curved laterally in dorsal view (Fig. 24), truncate in lateral view (Fig. 25). Aedeagal shaft in lateral view bulbous, apex slightly narrowed, dorsal apodeme longer than shaft (Fig. 19); in caudal view shaft with broad base, gradually narrowed towards apex (Fig. 20); Abdominal apodemes slender, extending to mid length of fourth segment (Fig. 23).</p> <p>Female genitalia. Hind margin of female seventh sternite convex and slightly bilobed (Fig. 26).</p> <p>Material examined. 3 females, India: Karnataka, Jog Falls, 9.v. 1976, 35 km (B. Mallik); 1 male, 1 female, India: Karnataka, Mudigere, 3.v.1978 (C.A. Viraktamath); 2 males, 1 female, 21.v.1976 (B. Mallik); 1 male, India: Karnataka, Halebid–Belur, 11.xi.1978 (C.A. Viraktamath); 1 male, 2 females, India: Karnataka, Dharwar, ex. Wheat, 24.x.1972 (C.A. Viraktamath); 3 females, India: Karnataka, Kemmannagundi, 8.iv.1975 (K.D. Ghorpade); 1 male, 1 female, India: Tamil Nadu, Yercaud, 5.iv.1976 (B. Mallik); 1 female, India: Maharashtra, Matheran, 24.xi.1977 (C.A. Viraktamath); 3 females, India: Uttar Pradesh, Dehradun, 25.vi.1975 (C.A. Viraktamath) [UAS, INHS].</p> <p>Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia (Java) (Young, 1979).</p> <p>Remarks. Cofana lineata can be distinguished by the presence of small brown spots on the anterior portion of the pronotum, narrowly pointed anterior margin of the crown and bulbous aedeagus. Females resemble those of C. nigrilinea in the shape of the seventh sternite and external markings.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5313524909185B2454C2E7A1E11FFA57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Krishnankutty, Hu. M.;Viraktamath, Ra. A.	Krishnankutty, Hu. M., Viraktamath, Ra. A. (2008): Notes on the leafhopper genus Cofana Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) from India with description of two new species. Zootaxa 1874 (1): 35-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1874.1.3, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1874.1.3
5313524909185B2654C2E03EE471FD82.text	5313524909185B2654C2E03EE471FD82.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cofana nigrilinea (Stal 1870)	<div><p>Cofana nigrilinea (Stål) (Figs. 4, 27–34)</p> <p>Tettigonia nigrilinea Stål, 1870: 735</p> <p>Cofana nigrilinea, Young, 1979: 7</p> <p>Length: male, 6.6 mm; female, 7.4 mm. Pale ochraceous. Crown with anterior margin broadly pointed, with median apical black spot and two medium sized round spots each near lateral clypeal sutures that extend to ocelli, disk of crown with central round large black spot. Pronotum with distinct central longitudinal brown line extending to scutellum, anterior portion with brown patches arranged transversely and posterior margin with two brown round spots on either side of central line (Fig. 27). Clypellus with central pale brown longitudinal line. Genae with brown markings. Forewing white.</p> <p>Male genitalia. Pygofer trapezoidal with rounded caudo-dorsal margin and obliquely truncate caudal margin (Fig. 30). Style in dorsal view with apex slender, smoothly curved laterally, truncate in lateral view (Fig. 32). Aedeagal shaft in lateral view, bulbous at base, narrowed towards apex, with serrated dorsal and ventral margin, caudal region denticulate near base; dorsal apodeme as long as shaft, separated from shaft by less than maximum width of shaft; in caudal view shaft broad at base, gradually narrowed towards apex (Figs. 28, 29). Abdominal apodemes long, slender, reaching mid length of fourth segment (Fig. 33).</p> <p>Female genitalia. Hind margin of female seventh sternite convex and undulate (Fig. 34).</p> <p>Material examined. 2 males, India: Karnataka, Kemmannagundi, 11.iv. 1975, 1430 m; 2 males, 1 female, India: Karnataka, Kemmannagundi, 10.iv.1975; 1 male, Kemmannagundi, 9.iv.1975 (all collected by C. A. Viraktamath); 1 male, India: Karnataka, Mudigere, 21.v.1976 (B. Mallik); 1 male, India: Karnataka, Jog falls, 9.v. 1976, 534 m (B. Mallik); 1 male, India: Kerala, Meppadi, 18.x.1975 (B. Mallik) [UAS, INHS].</p> <p>Distribution. New Guinea, Oriental region (Young, 1979).</p> <p>Remarks. Males of this species can be easily distinguished by the serrated ventral margin of the aedeagal shaft. Females of this species cannot be distinguished from those of C. lineata based on the shape of the seventh sternite.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5313524909185B2654C2E03EE471FD82	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Krishnankutty, Hu. M.;Viraktamath, Ra. A.	Krishnankutty, Hu. M., Viraktamath, Ra. A. (2008): Notes on the leafhopper genus Cofana Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) from India with description of two new species. Zootaxa 1874 (1): 35-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1874.1.3, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1874.1.3
53135249091A5B2854C2E4E4E1E9FECC.text	53135249091A5B2854C2E4E4E1E9FECC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cofana spectra (Distant 1908)	<div><p>Cofana spectra (Distant) (Figs. 5, 35–43)</p> <p>Tettigoniella spectra Distant, 1908: 211</p> <p>Cofana spectra, Young, 1979: 7</p> <p>Length: male, 7.0–7.3 mm; female, 8.3 mm. Pale ochraceous. Crown with anterior margin broadly rounded, median apical black spot and two medium sized round spots each near lateral clypeal sutures that extend to ocelli, disk of crown with central rhomboid large black spot. Pronotum with pale brown central longitudinal discontinuous line not extending to scutellum, anterior portion with one or two brown patches arranged transversely and posterior margin with two brown elongate spots on either side of central line (Fig. 27). Clypellus with central pale brown longitudinal line. Genae with brown markings. Forewing creamy white (Fig. 5).</p> <p>Male genitalia. Pygofer moderately produced with rounded caudo-dorsal margin and obliquely truncate caudal margin (Fig. 38). Style in dorsal view with apex acutely pointed, in lateral view truncate, with angle at ventral margin before apex (Figs. 41, 42). Aedeagal shaft in lateral view, narrowly V-shaped with dorsal apodeme shorter than shaft, shaft slightly curved anterad, with even dorsal and ventral margin (Fig. 36); in caudal view broad at base, slightly narrowed distally with broadly rounded apex (Fig. 37). Abdominal apodemes long, slender reaching mid length of fourth segment (Fig. 40).</p> <p>Female genitalia. Hind margin of female seventh sternite broadly convex (Fig. 43).</p> <p>Material examined. 2 males, 2 females, India: Karnataka, Bangalore, 8.iv.1976 (B. Mallik); 1 female, 19.x. 1977, 916 m (A. R. V. Kumar); 1 female, 11.i.1979 (K.D. Ghorpade); Nandi hills, 19.xii.1974 (C.A. Viraktamath); 3 females, 16.vi.1982, (Ananthamurthy); 1 female, Hebbal, 5.v.1982, 1 male, 3 females, 17.v.1982 (Ananthamurthy); 1 male, Nandi hills, ex. grasses, 8.ix.1991 (P. C. Dash); 2 males, 7 females, ex. rice, 8.ix.1991; 3 males, 10 females (P. C. Dash); 2 females, Hebbal, 11.x. 1991 (P.C. Dash); 1 female, India: Karnataka, Mudigere, 22.v. 1976, 700m (K.D. Ghorpade); 2 males, 2 females, India: Karnataka, Chikballapur, 3.vi.1978 (S. Viraktamath); 1 female, (B. Ananthamurthy); 1 female, India: Karnataka, Halebid–Belur, 11.xi.1978 (C.A. Viraktamath); 1 male, India: Karnataka, Raichur, 15.x.1982 (Shashidhar); 2 males, India: Karnataka, Hebbal, 3.xii.2002 (M.K. Sindhu); 4 males, India: Karnataka, Dharwar, ex. wheat, 25.ix.1977 (C.A. Viraktamath); 1 female, India: Karnataka, Jog falls, 16.xi.1976 (K.D. Ghorpade); 4 females, 24.xi. 1982, 534 m (Ananthamurthy); 1 female, India: Karnataka, Mysore, ix.1967 (H.M. Harris); 1 female, India: Kerala: Thekkady, 26.iii.1977 (C.A. Viraktamath) [UAS, INHS].</p> <p>Distribution. Australia, New Guinea, Oriental region, Tropical Africa (Young, 1979), Madagascar.</p> <p>Remarks. This is a large sized white species with broadly rounded anterior margin of the crown. It can be separated from the otherwise similar C. subvirescens by its smaller size, whitish coloration and differences in the male genitalia as noted in the key. Females also resemble those of C. bidentata in the shape of the seventh sternite, but can be differentiated by the pronotum which has a median longitudinal fuscous line not extending to scutellum.</p> <p>This common species was reported on rice, barley, wheat, sugarcane, sorghum, mulberry and grasses (Young, 1979). This species is reported as a minor pest of rice (Wilson &amp; Claridge, 1991).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/53135249091A5B2854C2E4E4E1E9FECC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Krishnankutty, Hu. M.;Viraktamath, Ra. A.	Krishnankutty, Hu. M., Viraktamath, Ra. A. (2008): Notes on the leafhopper genus Cofana Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) from India with description of two new species. Zootaxa 1874 (1): 35-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1874.1.3, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1874.1.3
5313524909145B2854C2E7A1E74AFAC7.text	5313524909145B2854C2E7A1E74AFAC7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cofana spiculata Krishnankutty & Viraktamath 2008	<div><p>Cofana spiculata sp. nov. (Figs. 6, 44–51)</p> <p>Length: male, 6.5–6.8 mm. Dark brown species. Crown with anterior margin narrowly pointed. Crown with median apical black spot and two medium sized round spots each near lateral clypeal sutures that extending to ocelli, disk of crown with central rhomboid large black spot. Pronotum with distinct central longitudinal brown line extending to scutellum, anterior portion with discontinuous brown patches arranged transversely and posterior margin with two pale black round spots on either side of central line (Fig. 44). Clypellus with central pale brown longitudinal line. Genae with brown markings. Forewing dark brown (Fig. 6).</p> <p>Male genitalia. Pygofer with caudo-dorsal angle slightly produced dorsally, caudal margin almost straight (Fig. 47). Style in dorsal view stouter than in C. lineata, apex pigmented, in lateral view bluntly pointed (Fig. 50, 51). Aedeagal shaft in lateral view broadly flattened, triangular, longer than dorsal apodeme, dorsal margin of shaft straight and smooth, ventral margin denticulate towards base; dorsal apodeme not well developed near apex, close to shaft along its length (Fig. 45); in caudal view shaft broad near base, abruptly narrowed beyond mid length (Fig. 46). Abdominal apodemes long, slender reaching mid length of fourth segment (Fig. 49).</p> <p>Female unknown.</p> <p>Etymology. The species epithet, spiculata, refers to spiny projections along the posterior margin of aedeagal shaft.</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype male, India: Kerala, Meppadi, 18.x. 1975, 690 m (C.A. Viraktamath) [UAS]. Paratypes: 2 males, data as for holotype [BMNH, INHS].</p> <p>Distribution. India (Kerala).</p> <p>Remarks. This species can be easily distinguished from the other species of Cofana by its external dark brown coloration and the shape of the aedeagal shaft that is broadly flattened, triangular, with spiny projections along the posterior margin.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5313524909145B2854C2E7A1E74AFAC7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Krishnankutty, Hu. M.;Viraktamath, Ra. A.	Krishnankutty, Hu. M., Viraktamath, Ra. A. (2008): Notes on the leafhopper genus Cofana Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) from India with description of two new species. Zootaxa 1874 (1): 35-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1874.1.3, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1874.1.3
5313524909145B2D54C2E3AEE738FE91.text	5313524909145B2D54C2E3AEE738FE91.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cofana subvirescens (Stal 1870)	<div><p>Cofana subvirescens (Stål) (Figs. 7, 52–59)</p> <p>Tettigoniella subvirescens Stål, 1870: 734</p> <p>Cofana subvirescens, Young, 1979: 7</p> <p>Length: male, 9.7 mm; female, 10.4 mm. Head and face ochraceous (Fig. 7). Crown with anterior margin broadly rounded, with small apical median spot and two small lateral spots, disk of crown with small elongate black central spot. Pronotum greenish with distinct punctures forming a transverse band separating pale anterior portion from dark posterior portion (Fig. 52). Scutellum with two brown patches along basal margin. Genae and clypellus unmarked. Forewings greenish (Fig. 7).</p> <p>Male genitalia. Pygofer strongly produced, with rounded caudal margin (Fig. 55). Style in dorsal view with apex truncate (Figs. 57, 58). Aedeagus in lateral view broad, crescent-shaped; in caudal view, uniformly broad throughout its length with round apex (Fig. 53). Abdominal apodemes short and broad near apex, not exceeding third segment (Fig. 56).</p> <p>Female genitalia. Hind margin of female seventh sternite convex with caudal projection trilobed (Fig. 59).</p> <p>Material examined. 2 males, 4 females, India: Maharashtra: Manjeri, x.1996, ex. Sugarcane; 2 females, India, Karnataka, Mysore, ix.1967 (H. M. Harris) [UAS, INHS].</p> <p>Distribution. New Guinea, Oriental region (Young, 1979).</p> <p>Remarks. C. subvirescens differs from all other species of Cofana in having greenish forewings. It externally resembles Cicadella viridis (Linnaeus), a Palaearctic species, but differs in the male genitalia. It is also the largest species in the genus Cofana.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5313524909145B2D54C2E3AEE738FE91	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Krishnankutty, Hu. M.;Viraktamath, Ra. A.	Krishnankutty, Hu. M., Viraktamath, Ra. A. (2008): Notes on the leafhopper genus Cofana Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) from India with description of two new species. Zootaxa 1874 (1): 35-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1874.1.3, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1874.1.3
5313524909115B2D54C2E7EEE137F80A.text	5313524909115B2D54C2E7EEE137F80A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cofana unimaculata (Signoret 1854)	<div><p>Cofana unimaculata (Signoret) (Figs 8, 60–68)</p> <p>Tettigonia unimaculata Signoret, 1854a: 26.</p> <p>Tettigonia punctum Taschenberg, 1884a: 445</p> <p>Kolla mimica Distant, 1908 g: 225</p> <p>Kolla tripunctifrons Banks, 1910a: 51</p> <p>Tettigoniella differentialis Baker, 1914a: 420</p> <p>Tettigoniella hopinensis Distant, 1918b: 3</p> <p>Cofana unimaculata Young, 1979: 7</p> <p>Cofana karjatensis Ramakrishnan, 1985: 129. [Holotype, India, IARI, examined], New synonymy</p> <p>Length: male, 5.9–6.0 mm; female, 6.7–7.0 mm. Light greenish white species. Crown with anterior margin more narrowly pointed, lacks median apical black spot, two medium sized round spots each near lateral clypeal sutures that extending to ocelli, disk of crown with central elongate black spot. Pronotum without distinct central longitudinal brown line, with distinct punctures forming a transverse band separating pale anterior portion from dark posterior portion (Fig. 60). Clypellus and genae unmarked. Forewing often creamy white (Fig. 8). In some specimens, light greenish.</p> <p>Male genitalia. Pygofer moderately produced with rounded caudo-dorsal margin and obliquely truncate caudal margin (Fig. 63). Style in dorsal view short with distinct lateral lobe on shank, apical apophysis with denticles (Fig. 67). Aedeagal shaft slender, elongate with smooth dorsal and ventral margin; in caudal view uniformly broad throughout its length with round apex (Figs 61, 62). Abdominal apodeme long, slender, extending beyond fourth segment (Fig. 65).</p> <p>Female genitalia. Hind margin of seventh sternite convex medially produced with caudal margin truncate (Fig. 68).</p> <p>Material examined. India: Karnataka: 5 females, Dharwar, ex. wheat, 25.ix.1977 (C.A. Viraktamath); 1 female, Halebid–Belur, 11.xi.1978 (C.A. Viraktamath); 1 male, India: Karnataka, Jog falls, 35 km, 18.xi.1976 (B. Mallik); 3 females, India: Karnataka, Mudigere, 22.v.1976 (K.D. Ghorpade); 2 males, 1 female, Bangalore, Hebbal, 16.vii.1982 (Ananthamurthy); 1 female, India: Karnataka, Mudigere, 971 m, 2.vi.1978 (C.A. Viraktamath); 1 female, India: West Bengal, Calcutta, 17.iv.1975 (C.A. Viraktamath); 1 male, West Bengal, Kalyani, 4.vi.2005 (C.A. Viraktamath) [UAS, INHS]. Holotype male of C. karjatensis, India: Maharashtra, Karjat, xi.1981, paddy field, light trap (IARI); Paratypes of C. karjatensis: 9 males, 9 females, same data as in holotype [IARI].</p> <p>Distribution. Australia, Madagascar, New Guinea, Oriental region and Tropical Africa (Young, 1979).</p> <p>Remarks. The type of C. unimaculata (in NMW) is a female, in relatively poor condition and therefore it is difficult to see characters properly (M.R. Wilson personal communication). Our interpretation of this species is based on the female and male specimens collected from West Bengal (Calcutta and Kalyani respectively), place from which the type specimen comes. The absence of a median apical spot on the crown is the most distinguishing character that separates C. unimaculata from other species of the genus Cofana Melichar. Key features such as shape of female seventh sternite and male abdominal apodemes described by Ramakrishnan (1985) to differentiate C. karjatensis from C. unimaculata are found not to be discrete. In the absence of more convincing evidence, we treat this species as synonym of C. unimaculata.</p> <p>C. unimaculata is a common species on rice in Asia (Wilson &amp; Claridge 1991).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5313524909115B2D54C2E7EEE137F80A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Krishnankutty, Hu. M.;Viraktamath, Ra. A.	Krishnankutty, Hu. M., Viraktamath, Ra. A. (2008): Notes on the leafhopper genus Cofana Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) from India with description of two new species. Zootaxa 1874 (1): 35-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1874.1.3, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1874.1.3
