identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
B523B224648750D1B446FD1EEFCA1849.text	B523B224648750D1B446FD1EEFCA1849.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melanogaster cyaneus T. J. Yuan, Shu H. Li, & Raspe 2024	<div><p>Melanogaster cyaneus T. J. Yuan, Shu H. Li, &amp; Raspé sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 3 a – d</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Melanogaster cyaneus is diagnosed by its blue or bluish gleba, rhizomorphs on the base, thinner peridium (100–400 μm), and longer and wider basidiospores (6.2–15 × 4.6–9.0 μm).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The epithet cyaneus refers to the blue or bluish gleba.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>China. Sichuan Province: Panzhihua City, Yanbian County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.55198&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.820002" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.55198/lat 26.820002)">Shuanglong village</a>, 26 ° 49 ' 12 " N, 101 ° 33 ' 7.1028 " E, elevation 1,970 m, in mainly reddish brown soils under Castanea mollissima Bl., 16 Aug. 2020, collected by M. Yang (KUN- HKAS 129200, holotype; YAAS - TJ 75-1, isotype) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiomata 2.5–4.0 × 1.5–2.5 cm, hypogeous or semi-hypogeous, subglobose to ellipsoidal, occasionally elongate; light brown to yellowish brown, with mycelial strands attached in the base (Fig. 3 a). Peridium two-layered, outer layer 20–75 μm thick, composed of interwoven hyphae, orange-yellow to reddish, 2–4 μm broad, thick-walled, clamp connections present; inner layer 145–335 μm thick, composed of interwoven, strongly gelatinized hyphae, 2–5 μm broad, pale-yellow, intermixed with massive inflated cells, 6–12 μm broad, with clamp connections present. Gleba solid, gelatinous, milk-white when immature, blue or bluish at mature; trama plates pale-yellow, of gelatinized hyphae (Fig. 3 b); locules small, filled with black spores (Fig. 3 c). Basidia exhibit limited revival, appearing clavate, hyaline, 4 - spores, randomly distributed, gelatinized at maturity. Basidiospores subglobose to globose, 6.2–15 × 4.6–9.0 μm (L m × W m = 9.5 ± 3.0 × 7.0 ± 2.0, Q = 1.0–2.0, Q m = 1.4 ± 0.6, n = 75), smooth, hyaline when immature, light yellow to reddish at maturity, surfaces display distinctive spots, and optical microscopy reveals a notable hilar appendage, 0.5–1.0 μm in diam (Fig. 3 d).</p><p>Other material examined.</p><p>China, Sichuan province, Panzhihua City, Yanbian County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.55198&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.820002" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.55198/lat 26.820002)">Shuanglong village</a>, 26 ° 49 ' 12 " N, 101 ° 33 ' 7.1029 " E, elevation 2,000 m, under Castanea mollissima Bl. in evergreen hill forest, in mainly reddish-brown soils, 16 Aug. 2020, collected by M. Yang (YAAS TJ 75-2) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>M. broomeanus Berk (Türkoğlu and Castellano 2013; Uzun et al. 2014), M. shanxiensis and M. obovatisporus (Liu et al. 1989), are similar to M. cyaneus in morphology. M. cyaneus (basidiomata light brown to yellowish brown), M. broomeanus (basidiomata yellow-brown to deep brown), M. shanxiensis (basidiomata brown to rust-brown) and M. obovatisporus (basidiomata brown to brownish-black), but the specimens of M. cyaneus clustered in an independent clade with strong support (BS = 100 %, PP = 1.0; Fig. 2), supporting it as a distinct species. Additionally, DNA analysis revealed M. cyaneus shared less than 92 % ITS similarity with other Melanogaster species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B523B224648750D1B446FD1EEFCA1849	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yuan, Tian-Jun;Luo, Hong-Mei;Su, Kai-Mei;Li, Shu-Hong;Raspé, Olivier	Yuan, Tian-Jun, Luo, Hong-Mei, Su, Kai-Mei, Li, Shu-Hong, Raspé, Olivier (2024): Three new Melanogaster species (Boletales, Paxillaceae) from southwestern China based on morphological and molecular evidence. MycoKeys 107: 141-160, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.107.123565
178640806B995FAF84B16F4D8EEA6420.text	178640806B995FAF84B16F4D8EEA6420.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melanogaster diqingensis T. J. Yuan, Shu H. Li, & Raspe 2024	<div><p>Melanogaster diqingensis T. J. Yuan, Shu H. Li, &amp; Raspé sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 3 e – h</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Melanogaster diqingensis is diagnosed by the combination of medium-sized, pale-yellow to orange or brown-yellow basidiomata with scaled, lobed or concave surface, pale yellow gleba, and obovate to subglobose, smooth basidiospores (3.0–5.1 × 2.0–4.0 μm, Q = 1.0–1.8).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The epithet diqingensis refers to the prefecture of the type locality.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>China. Yunnan Province: Diqing Autonomous Prefecture, Shangri-La County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.04738&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.50395" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.04738/lat 27.50395)">Baishuitai village</a>, 27 ° 30 ' 14.2236 " N, 100 ° 2 ' 50.5716 " E, elevation 2,380 m, in brown soil under Quercus aquifolioides Rehd. et Wils., 25 Sep. 2020, collected by X. H. Wang (KUN- HKAS 121212, holotype; YAAS - WXH _ 9068, isotype) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiomata 0.5–2.5 × 0.2–2.2 cm, hypogeous, globose, subglobose or ellipsoidal, pale-yellow to orange or brown-yellow, scaled, lobed or concave in the surface, without visible rhizomorphs (Fig. 3 e). Odor faint. Peridium two-layered, outer layer 40–80 μm thick, composed of interwoven hyphae, 3.5–7.5 μm broad, with fusoid to cylindrical terminal cells, deeply orange-yellow walls toward surface, with clamp connections; inner layer 150–260 μm thick, composed of interwoven hyphae, 5–10 μm broad, with inflated cells, 7.5–15 μm broad, bright pale yellow, with abundant clamp connections. Gleba solid, milk-white when immature, pale yellow at maturity, hard when dried; trama plates of hyaline or yellowish, gelatinized hyphae (Fig. 3 f); locules 2–3 mm in diam (Fig. 3 g). Basidia exhibit limited reviving, appearing clavate, hyaline, 4 – spored. Basidiospores obovate to subglobose, smooth, 3.0–5.1 × 2.0–4.0 μm (L m × W m = 3.8 ± 1.0 × 3.2 ± 0.8, Q = 1.0–1.8, Q m = 1.2 ± 0.6, n = 75), hyaline (immature) to light yellow, dark brown (mature) in KOH 5 %, with truncate-cupped base and very short hilar appendage in optical microscopy, 0.5–1.5 μm in diam (Fig. 3 h).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Six Melanogaster species, namely M. subglobisporus, M. natsii, M. spinisporus (Wang et al. 1995), M. rivularis, M. luteus = M. microsporus (Moreau et al. 2011), are similar to M. diqingensis in morphology and related by phylogeny. The colors of their basidiomata are similar to M. diqingensis, i. e. rust brown to deep brown in M. subglobisporus, yellow-brown in M. natsii, grayish brown to light brown in M. spinisporus, and bright golden yellow in M. minysporus, but the basidiomata of all of latter species are without scales, lobes or concave area, by which they were easily differentiated from M. diqingensis . M. rivularis (anthracite-black gleba), and M. luteus (club-shaped or cylindro-elliptical to cylindrical basidiospores) also are easily differentiated from M. diqingensis . The thickness of the peridium (≤ 300 μm) is similar among M. subglobisporus, M. ovoidisporus, and M. coccolobae, However, the size of basidiospores provide a clear distinction between these species ( M. subglobisporus 8–11 × 7–9 μm, M. ovoidisporus 5–7 × 3.5–5.8 μm and M. coccolobae 6.2–12 × 5.2–10 μm). Phylogenetically, M. diqingensis and M. subglobisporus formed an independent and strongly supported clade (BS = 78 %, PP = 1.0; Fig. 2), but M. diqingensis shared less than 93.2 % ITS similarity with M. subglobisporus, supporting M. diqingensis as a distinct species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/178640806B995FAF84B16F4D8EEA6420	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yuan, Tian-Jun;Luo, Hong-Mei;Su, Kai-Mei;Li, Shu-Hong;Raspé, Olivier	Yuan, Tian-Jun, Luo, Hong-Mei, Su, Kai-Mei, Li, Shu-Hong, Raspé, Olivier (2024): Three new Melanogaster species (Boletales, Paxillaceae) from southwestern China based on morphological and molecular evidence. MycoKeys 107: 141-160, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.107.123565
E59F3129916452F0B449D10219E9C4BD.text	E59F3129916452F0B449D10219E9C4BD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melanogaster truncatisporus T. J. Yuan, Shu H. Li, & Raspe 2024	<div><p>Melanogaster truncatisporus T. J. Yuan, Shu H. Li, &amp; Raspé sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 3 i – l</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Melanogaster truncatisporus is diagnosed by the combination of medium-sized basidiomata with orange-yellow peridium that becomes reddish brown to dark brown in age, and truncate basidiospores.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The epithet truncatisporus refers to the truncate basidiospores.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>China. Yunnan Province: Nujiang Autonomous Prefecture, Lanping County, Zhongpai township, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.17555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.904167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.17555/lat 26.904167)">Xinchangping village</a>, 26 ° 54 ' 15 " N, 99 ° 10 ' 32 " E, elevation 1990 m, in mainly brown soils under Castanea mollissima and Pinus yunnanensis Franch., 26 Oct. 2020, collected by T. J. Yuan (KUN-HKAS 129199, holotype; YAAS -TJ87, isotype) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiomata 1.5–3.0 × 0.4–2.3 cm, hypogeous or semi-hypogeous, subglobose to oval, occasionally irregular-elongated, yellowish when young, reddish brown to dark brown at maturity, smooth or slightly velvety surface, lobed or indented at the base, attached mycelial strands, occasionally extending to the surface, dark brown, rhizomorphs not distinct (Fig. 3 i). Peridium two-layered, outer layer 50–100 μm thick, composed of interwoven hyphae, orange-yellow, with clamp connections, and fusoid to cylindrical terminal cells, 4–5 μm broad; inner layer 150–350 μm thick, composed of interwoven hyphae, 3–5 μm broad, pale yellow, intermixed with massive inflated cells, ellipsoidal or irregular, 3–20 μm broad. Gleba solid, pale brown when young, blackish brown to black at maturity, separated by white or pale yellow trama when young, which becomes deep brown at maturity, hard when dried; trama plates of hyaline or yellowish gelatinized hyphae (Fig. 3 j); locules 2–4 mm in diameter, polygonal to irregular (Fig. 3 k). Basidia poorly recovered, hyaline, 4 – spored, occurring randomly in the locules (Fig. 3 k). Basidiospores subglobose to globose or irregularly elongate-pyriform, 3.5–9.5 × 3.0–7.0 μm (L m × W m = 7.0 ± 2.5 × 4.5 ± 2.0, Q = 1.0–2.5, Q m = 1.5 ± 1.0, n = 65), hyaline when immature, becoming dark brown at maturity, smooth, with truncate-cupped base and short hilar appendage, 1–2 μm in diam in optical microscopy (Fig. 3 l).</p><p>Habitat, phenology, and distribution.</p><p>hypogeous to semi-hypogeous under Castanea mollissima and Pinus yunnanensis, in mixed forest, in late autumn. So far found in Lanping and Gongshan counties, Yunnan Province, China.</p><p>Other material examined.</p><p>China. Yunnan Province: Nujiang autonomous Prefecture, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.17528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.904722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.17528/lat 26.904722)">Lanping County</a>, 26 ° 54 ' 17 " N, 99 ° 10 ' 31 " E, elevation 2,030 m, in mainly brown soils under Castanea mollissima and Pinus yunnanensis, 26 Oct. 2020, collected by T. J. Yuan (YAAS TJ 83 and YAAS TJ 109) ; China. Yunnan Province: Nujiang Autonomous Prefecture, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.617226&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.021944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.617226/lat 28.021944)">Gongshan County</a>, 28 ° 1 ' 19 " N, 98 ° 37 ' 2 " E, elevation 1,800 m, in mainly brown soils under Castanea mollissima and Pinus yunnanensis, 25 Sep. 2020, collected by Li, S. H. (YAAS L 5346) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Four Melanogaster species, namely M. minysporus (Cázares et al. 2008), M. broomeanus Berk (Türkoğlu and Castellano 2013, Uzun et al. 2014), M. obovatisporus (Liu et al. 1989), and M. variegatus (Krisztián 2008), are similar in morphology and related to M. truncatisporus by phylogeny. M. truncatisporus can be easily differentiated by its peridium thickness ( M. truncatisporus, 200–450 μm vs M. minysporus, 160–240 μm) and the size of basidiospores ( M. truncatisporus, 3.5–9.5 × 3.0–7.0 μm vs M. minysporus, 5–6.5 × 3–5 μm). M. truncatisporus has a two-layered peridium and M. broomeanus has a single-layered peridium. The difference in basidiospore size is evident, with 3.5–9.5 × 3.0–7.0 μm for M. truncatisporus and 7–9 × 4 μm for M. broomeanus . Also, M. truncatisporus basidia typically contain 4 spores, whereas those of M. obovatisporus consistently contain 8 spores. Basidiospore size (especially minimum size) is also a diagnostic character to separate M. truncatisporus from M. variegatus (3.5–9.5 × 3.0–7.0 μm for the former, and 7.5–10 × 5.5–8 μm for the latter). Phylogenetically, the specimens of M. truncatisporus clustered in an independent clade with strong support (BS = 100 %, PP = 1.0; Fig. 2), supporting it as a new species. Additionally, M. truncatisporus (holotype ITS sequence ON 427479) shared less than 93.2 % similarity with ITS sequences of other Melanogaster species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E59F3129916452F0B449D10219E9C4BD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yuan, Tian-Jun;Luo, Hong-Mei;Su, Kai-Mei;Li, Shu-Hong;Raspé, Olivier	Yuan, Tian-Jun, Luo, Hong-Mei, Su, Kai-Mei, Li, Shu-Hong, Raspé, Olivier (2024): Three new Melanogaster species (Boletales, Paxillaceae) from southwestern China based on morphological and molecular evidence. MycoKeys 107: 141-160, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.107.123565
