taxonID	type	description	language	source
4C7E4C79FF8D7E5CFF7F7343FAA2F937.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Flagellomeres nodiform except the apical 2 – 4, which are globular and diminutive; ascoids with two anterior branches and one posterior branch (in some species with one or three anterior branches); fourth palpomere fully sclerotized, not striated; anepisternum with large anterior spiracle; anepimeron rectangular or triangular; Sc thickened relative to other wing veins, terminating before origin of R 5 and not connecting apically to any other wing veins. R 5 terminating in wing apex; wing membrane with or without setae, with one or two costal breaks; aedeagus symmetrical or asymmetrical, distiphallus without distally jointed elements; one or two parameres present in most species, arising from dorsal margin of gonocoxal condyles, often connected to distiphallus and ventral epandrial plate, moveable in the mediolateral (horizontal) plane; surstyli with one to several spatulate tenacula in a single row distally (in Trichopsychoda Tonnoir with complex subapical tenacula present as well).	en	Kvifte, Gunnar Mikalsen (2015): The Afrotropical genera of Psychodini: Redefinition of the tribe, first Afrotropical record of Perithreticus Vaillant, 1973 and description of Soeliella gen. nov. (Diptera: Psychodidae: Psychodinae). Zootaxa 3986 (1): 115-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3986.1.6
4C7E4C79FF8D7E5DFF7F709FFB64FC57.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Eyebridge of four rows of facets; labellum bulbous, setose; antennal flagellomeres nodiform with Yshaped ascoids; flagellomeres 11 – 14 or 13 – 14 without internodes, diminutive (Fig. 1 C); clypeus margin with a Ushaped median anterior concavity (Fig. 1 A); thorax (Fig. 1 E) with anepisternum subrectangular, delimited by clear dorsal suture, with large spiracle anteriorly; anepimeron subtriangular; tarsi without dorsal projection (Fig. 1 D); wing (Fig. 1 D) with upper margin of R 1 strengthened and area between C and R 1 infuscated; wing membrane with micropilosity only; aedeagus bilaterally symmetrical, consisting of two phallomeres connected by a membrane to form a spatula; flanked by two subtriangular parameres (Fig. 1 F); parameres arising from dorsal side of gonocoxal condyles, connected to anterior end of ventral epandrial plate; gonocoxal condyles pointed, almost meeting at median; hypoproct (Fig. 1 G) broad, wrinkled and pilose, reaching over the bases of both surstyli, concave anteriorly; surstyli with 7 to 12 tenacula arranged in a single unspaced transverse row distally.	en	Kvifte, Gunnar Mikalsen (2015): The Afrotropical genera of Psychodini: Redefinition of the tribe, first Afrotropical record of Perithreticus Vaillant, 1973 and description of Soeliella gen. nov. (Diptera: Psychodidae: Psychodinae). Zootaxa 3986 (1): 115-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3986.1.6
4C7E4C79FF8D7E5DFF7F709FFB64FC57.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Perithreticus Vaillant, 1973 was defined briefly in a key to Nearctic " Telmatoscopini of the Threticus group " (Vaillant 1973) and has not been in use since. The records presented in the present paper are the first of the genus from the Afrotropical region and indeed from anywhere outside the Nearctic. Two species described from Papua New Guinea, Philosepedon forcipata Quate & Quate, 1967 and P. pectinata Quate & Quate, 1967, may also belong to Perithreticus; however this must be confirmed by reexamination of Quate & Quate's (1967) material. Vaillant (1973) also placed Psychoda jonesi Quate, 1955 in the genus, possibly based on a similar number and arrangement of tenacula. However, this species differs markedly from the type species P. bishoppi; exhibiting several character states that do not fit with the generic diagnosis; including an asymmetrical aedeagus with a single paramere and ascoids with a single anterior branch. An apomorphic character uniting the Nearctic type species P. bishoppi with the new Tanzanian species described herein is the characteristic shape of the hypoproct, which is M-shaped and finely pilose in both species. Although this character has yet to be surveyed extensively within Psychodini it appears to be unique to Perithreticus based on current knowledge. Another unusual character within Psychodini is the arrangement of the tenacula in a transverse distal row with bases touching. This is, however, also seen in Rhipidopsychoda Vaillant (see below) and in the Tanzanian Threticus species Threticus tanganicus Wagner & Andersen, 2007. In Threticus, most described species have the tenaculum bases separated by the width of approximately 1 – 2 tenaculum base widths, however; the polarity of this character within Psychodini and Psychodinae is unclear.	en	Kvifte, Gunnar Mikalsen (2015): The Afrotropical genera of Psychodini: Redefinition of the tribe, first Afrotropical record of Perithreticus Vaillant, 1973 and description of Soeliella gen. nov. (Diptera: Psychodidae: Psychodinae). Zootaxa 3986 (1): 115-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3986.1.6
4C7E4C79FF8C7E5DFF7F720AFA93FAD7.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: USA: Pennsylvania, Erie Co., 4. ix. 1981, E. Masteller leg. 1 ♂. (coll. RW) Tennessee, Cocke Co. 14. viii – 10. ix. 2001 G. Curler leg, 4 ♂. (coll. ZMUB).	en	Kvifte, Gunnar Mikalsen (2015): The Afrotropical genera of Psychodini: Redefinition of the tribe, first Afrotropical record of Perithreticus Vaillant, 1973 and description of Soeliella gen. nov. (Diptera: Psychodidae: Psychodinae). Zootaxa 3986 (1): 115-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3986.1.6
4C7E4C79FF8C7E5DFF7F720AFA93FAD7.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Perithreticus bishoppi does not occur in the Afrotropical region, and was examined in this study for the purposes of revising the genus diagnosis and providing a differential for the diagnosis of the new species.	en	Kvifte, Gunnar Mikalsen (2015): The Afrotropical genera of Psychodini: Redefinition of the tribe, first Afrotropical record of Perithreticus Vaillant, 1973 and description of Soeliella gen. nov. (Diptera: Psychodidae: Psychodinae). Zootaxa 3986 (1): 115-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3986.1.6
4C7E4C79FF8C7E5BFF7F738AFEDDFD32.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Holotype ♂. TANZANIA: Tanga Region, W. Usambara mountains, beyond waterfall, 31. x. 1990, G. Søli leg. 7 paratypes ♂, all from Tanzania: Tanga Region, W. Usambara mountains: Locality and date as holotype, 1 ♂; Mazumbai, 1740 m. a. s. l., 2. xi. 1990, ZMB's Tanzania expedition leg. (sweep net), 1 ♂; Mazumbai, 1440 m. a. s. l., 23. xi. 1990, ZMB's Tanzania expedition leg. (sweep net), 1 ♂ (coll. ZMUN); Mazumbai, " loc. GeF ", 2 – 6. xi. 1990, ZMBs Tanzania expedition leg. (Malaise trap) 3 ♂ (coll. BMNH, RMCA, ZMNB); " Loc. A. B. J. ", 3 – 4. xi. 1990, ZMBs Tanzania expedition leg. (Malaise Trap) 1 ♂ Additional material examined: TANZANIA: Tanga region, W. Usambara mountains, Mazumbai, 4 – 13. xii. 1990, ZMBs Tanzania expedition leg. (Malaise Trap) 2 ♂ (coll. RW)	en	Kvifte, Gunnar Mikalsen (2015): The Afrotropical genera of Psychodini: Redefinition of the tribe, first Afrotropical record of Perithreticus Vaillant, 1973 and description of Soeliella gen. nov. (Diptera: Psychodidae: Psychodinae). Zootaxa 3986 (1): 115-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3986.1.6
4C7E4C79FF8C7E5BFF7F738AFEDDFD32.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Perithreticus anderseni is characterized by flagellomeres 11 and 12 without internodes, approximately half the size of other flagellomeres; distiphallus parallel-sided, parameres with elongate medioanterior projections and surstyli with 7 – 11 tenacula. The corresponding character states in Perithreticus bishoppi are flagellomeres 11 and 12 with internodes, as big as other flagellomeres; distiphallus with lateral margins convex; parameres without medioanterior projections and surstyli with 5 – 6 tenacula.	en	Kvifte, Gunnar Mikalsen (2015): The Afrotropical genera of Psychodini: Redefinition of the tribe, first Afrotropical record of Perithreticus Vaillant, 1973 and description of Soeliella gen. nov. (Diptera: Psychodidae: Psychodinae). Zootaxa 3986 (1): 115-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3986.1.6
4C7E4C79FF8C7E5BFF7F738AFEDDFD32.taxon	description	Description. Male (n = 8). Head (Fig. 1 A) about as long as wide; vertex about 0.25 times length of head; with single row of 5 - 8 dorsal ocular setae; eyebridge of four facet rows, separated by about 0.25 – 0.5 facet diameters; interocular area broader below and often meeting or nearly meeting above; interocular suture Y-shaped; frontal scar patch crown-shaped with median posterior extension reaching to middle of eyebridge; lengh of palpomeres 64: 116: 148: 140 (n = 6, 5, 4, 2); labellum bulbous and setose; antennae (figs 1 A, 1 C) of 16 segments; scape cylindrical, widening somewhat distally; pedicel rounded, but slightly longer than broad; flagellomeres nodiform with paired Y-shaped ascoids, branches of ascoids thin and digitiform; terminal three flagellomeres diminutive, without ascoids; small spiniform sensillae present next to ascoids on flagellomeres 3 – 11; multiple spiniform sensillae on terminal ones; length of scape, pedicel and flagellomeres 64: 52: 108: 100: 100: 96: 94: 92: 90: 88: 82: 78: 36: 14: 14: 20 (n = 7, 7, 7, 7, 4, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2); thorax (Fig. 1 E) without specialised allurement organs; anepisternum with half-circular hair patch; anepimeron triangular with sinusoid lower margin, ventral suture of anepimeron reaching about two thirds into sclerite; legs without special features, tarsi without dorsal projection (Fig. 1 D); wing (Fig. 1 B) elongate ovate, 1.92 mm long, 0.7 mm wide; membrane only with micropilosity; area between C and R 1 infuscated; radial fork narrowly distal to CuA 2, both very distal to medial fork; R 1, R 5 and M 3 with outline strongly sclerotized at least dorsally; terminalia (Fig. 1 F) symmetrical; Hypandrium narrow, U-shaped; gonocoxites reniform with condyles narrowly arched, forming bridge; gonostylus setose, slightly longer than gonocoxite, more or less tapering; aedeagus with basiphallus laterally compressed, narrow in dorsal view; parameres present, subtriangular with blade-shaped posterior projections flanking aedeagus; epandrium (Fig. 1 G) subrhomboid with two skewed rows of pilosity; anterior margin with a narrow apodeme and two short lateroanterior processes which converge slightly at base; ventral epandrial plate triangular posteriorly until anterior margin of epandrium, with long quadratic anterior projection at base; anteriorly with two lappetshaped apodemes connected to parameres (' a vep j' in Fig. 1 G); surstyli (Fig. 1 H) elongate, curved, of even width throughout length; distally with 7 – 11 tenacula in one row; proctiger (Fig. 1 G) with hypoproct broadly m-shaped, wrinkled, with dense pilosity medioposteriorly; reaching to more than half of width of surstyli; epiproct small, oval, finely pilose.	en	Kvifte, Gunnar Mikalsen (2015): The Afrotropical genera of Psychodini: Redefinition of the tribe, first Afrotropical record of Perithreticus Vaillant, 1973 and description of Soeliella gen. nov. (Diptera: Psychodidae: Psychodinae). Zootaxa 3986 (1): 115-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3986.1.6
4C7E4C79FF8C7E5BFF7F738AFEDDFD32.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named for Trond Andersen, University of Bergen, in appreciation of advice, opportunities, stories and coffee.	en	Kvifte, Gunnar Mikalsen (2015): The Afrotropical genera of Psychodini: Redefinition of the tribe, first Afrotropical record of Perithreticus Vaillant, 1973 and description of Soeliella gen. nov. (Diptera: Psychodidae: Psychodinae). Zootaxa 3986 (1): 115-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3986.1.6
4C7E4C79FF8A7E58FF7F7495FE3AFDDE.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Soeliella platypenis, sp. nov., by present designation	en	Kvifte, Gunnar Mikalsen (2015): The Afrotropical genera of Psychodini: Redefinition of the tribe, first Afrotropical record of Perithreticus Vaillant, 1973 and description of Soeliella gen. nov. (Diptera: Psychodidae: Psychodinae). Zootaxa 3986 (1): 115-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3986.1.6
4C7E4C79FF8A7E58FF7F7495FE3AFDDE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Eyebridge of four facet rows; labellum bulbous, setose; antennal flagellomeres nodiform with Yshaped ascoids; flagellomeres 12 – 14 without internodes, diminutive (Fig. 2 B); clypeus margin anteriorly with a Ushaped median concavity (Fig. 2 A); ocular setae uniseriate, densely spaced (Fig. 2 A); wing membrane setose; aedeagus symmetrical with two subtriangular parameres; distiphallus expanded and platelike, not extending beyond apices of parameres; gonocoxal condyles pointed, almost meeting at median (Fig. 2 D); hypoproct broad, finely pilose; anterior margin straight (Fig. 2 E); surstyli with 3 tenacula arranged in one transverse row.	en	Kvifte, Gunnar Mikalsen (2015): The Afrotropical genera of Psychodini: Redefinition of the tribe, first Afrotropical record of Perithreticus Vaillant, 1973 and description of Soeliella gen. nov. (Diptera: Psychodidae: Psychodinae). Zootaxa 3986 (1): 115-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3986.1.6
4C7E4C79FF8A7E58FF7F7495FE3AFDDE.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named for Geir Søli, presently at the Natural History Museum of Oslo, for taking part in collecting the type series of all species described herein.	en	Kvifte, Gunnar Mikalsen (2015): The Afrotropical genera of Psychodini: Redefinition of the tribe, first Afrotropical record of Perithreticus Vaillant, 1973 and description of Soeliella gen. nov. (Diptera: Psychodidae: Psychodinae). Zootaxa 3986 (1): 115-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3986.1.6
4C7E4C79FF8A7E58FF7F7495FE3AFDDE.taxon	discussion	Discussion. The new species described below as Soeliella platypenis, sp. nov. is characterized by a unique combination of characters which makes its systematic placement difficult. Most of its character states are either likely plesiomorphies (labellum bulbous, parameres triangular), autapomorphies (the broad plate-like fusion of the distal phallomeres) or homoplastic characters within Psychodini (ocular setae numerous and densely clustered, clypeus with U-shaped concavity in anterior margin, wing membrane setose, surstylus with three tenacula). Since the species does not share any probable synapomorphies with any described genus, the erection of the monotypic taxon Soeliella gen. nov. is here considered the preferable option to a generic placement violating phylogenetic principles. Soeliella platypenis, sp. nov. (Fig. 2)	en	Kvifte, Gunnar Mikalsen (2015): The Afrotropical genera of Psychodini: Redefinition of the tribe, first Afrotropical record of Perithreticus Vaillant, 1973 and description of Soeliella gen. nov. (Diptera: Psychodidae: Psychodinae). Zootaxa 3986 (1): 115-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3986.1.6
4C7E4C79FF8A7E58FF7F7495FE3AFDDE.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Holotype ♂. TANZANIA: Tanga region, W. Usambara mountains, Gologolo, Lushoto, 25. xi. 1990, G. Søli & T. Andersen leg.	en	Kvifte, Gunnar Mikalsen (2015): The Afrotropical genera of Psychodini: Redefinition of the tribe, first Afrotropical record of Perithreticus Vaillant, 1973 and description of Soeliella gen. nov. (Diptera: Psychodidae: Psychodinae). Zootaxa 3986 (1): 115-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3986.1.6
4C7E4C79FF8A7E58FF7F7495FE3AFDDE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. As for genus.	en	Kvifte, Gunnar Mikalsen (2015): The Afrotropical genera of Psychodini: Redefinition of the tribe, first Afrotropical record of Perithreticus Vaillant, 1973 and description of Soeliella gen. nov. (Diptera: Psychodidae: Psychodinae). Zootaxa 3986 (1): 115-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3986.1.6
4C7E4C79FF8A7E58FF7F7495FE3AFDDE.taxon	description	Description. Male (n = 1). Head (Fig. 2 A) slightly broader than long; vertex about a quarter of total head length; single row of 10 ocular setae present; eyebridge of four facet rows; interocular suture triangular, pointing caudally; interocular distance equal to 1.3 facet diameters; frontal scar patch trilobate at posterior end, reaching anterior end of eyebridge; length of palpomeres: 78: 124: 134: 122; clypeus with complete dorsal suture; labellae bulbous; antennae 16 - segmented; scape stout, cylindrical, pedicel globular; flagellomeres 1 – 11 carrying a pair of Y-shaped ascoids; branches of ascoids narrow digitiform; other sensillae possibly present, but only attachment points preserved in specimen; F 11 with short neck, F 12 – 14 without necks (fig 2 B); Length of antennomeres: 70: 54: 132: 126: 122: 120: 122: 120: 120: 118: 112: 110: 64: 24: 24: 28; thorax without specialized allurement organs; anepisternum with scar patch droplet-shaped, pointed dorsally; anepimeron triangular with convex lower margin, ventral suture about as long as breadth of anepimeron; legs without special features; wing (Fig. 2 C) incomplete, broad, at least 2.34 mm long, 0.88 mm wide; membrane setose, area between C and R 1 infuscated; radial fork distal to CuA 2, CuA 2 distal to medial fork; R 1, R 5 and CuA 1 thickened; terminalia symmetrical (Fig. 2 D); hypandrium narrowly band-like; gonocoxite narrow, curved; slightly longer than gonostylus, with muscular attachment to aedeagal complex on the posterior mesal side; gonostylus curved, evenly tapering, with scattered sensillae on mesal surface; basiphallus laterally compressed, narrow in dorsal aspect, with large aperture; distiphallus expanded into a large plate with median suture; parameres shaped like the number 9, about as long as gonocoxites and distiphallus; epandrium (Fig. 2 E) slightly broader than long with short lateroanterior processes pointing anteriorly; ventral epandrial plate spatular, anteriorly expanding into two rectangular protuberances, presumably connected to aedeagal complex; Surstyli (Fig. 2 E) slightly curved with one terminal row of three tenacula; hypoproct broadly hemicircular, finely pilose; epiproct small, oval, finely pilose.	en	Kvifte, Gunnar Mikalsen (2015): The Afrotropical genera of Psychodini: Redefinition of the tribe, first Afrotropical record of Perithreticus Vaillant, 1973 and description of Soeliella gen. nov. (Diptera: Psychodidae: Psychodinae). Zootaxa 3986 (1): 115-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3986.1.6
4C7E4C79FF8A7E58FF7F7495FE3AFDDE.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From latin platys, flat, and penis, penis. Refers to the shape of the aedeagus. The name is to be treated as a noun in apposition.	en	Kvifte, Gunnar Mikalsen (2015): The Afrotropical genera of Psychodini: Redefinition of the tribe, first Afrotropical record of Perithreticus Vaillant, 1973 and description of Soeliella gen. nov. (Diptera: Psychodidae: Psychodinae). Zootaxa 3986 (1): 115-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3986.1.6
4C7E4C79FF887E56FF7F72DFFA41FEA5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♂. Democratic Republic of Congo: Kalengo. No date. K. Böttger leg. Coll. RW Diagnosis. See key.	en	Kvifte, Gunnar Mikalsen (2015): The Afrotropical genera of Psychodini: Redefinition of the tribe, first Afrotropical record of Perithreticus Vaillant, 1973 and description of Soeliella gen. nov. (Diptera: Psychodidae: Psychodinae). Zootaxa 3986 (1): 115-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3986.1.6
4C7E4C79FF887E56FF7F72DFFA41FEA5.taxon	description	Description. Head (Fig. 3 A) slightly longer than broad; vertex densely setose, slightly longer than one third of head length; single row of 6 ocular setae present; eyebridge of four facet rows; interocular suture very obtusely inverted v-shaped; interocular distance equal to 2 facet diameters; frontal scar patch inverted T-shaped, reaching interocular suture; length of palpomeres 60: 110: 120: 124; clypeus with dorsal suture complete; labellum flat, with two setiform setae, one lateral digitiform seta and a terminal row of three digitiform setae (Fig. 3 D); antennae of holotype incomplete; scape slender, cylindrical; pedicel stout, globular; flagellomeres not preserved; length of scape and pedicel 80: 60; thorax without specialized allurement organs; anepisternum covered with hair scars; anepimeron triangular with lower margin projecting posteriorly; final tarsomere of prolegs with dorsal protuberance; wing (Fig. 3 B) lanceolate, 1.56 mm long, 0.54 mm wide; membrane without pilosity or setae; base of R 5 and area between C and R 1 infuscated; C with two breaks, thickened basally to humeral break and just distally of subcostal break; Sc short; radial fork distal of medial fork, both forks incomplete at bases; CuA 2 at level with radial fork; both basal cells open; base of Costa and CuA 2 thickened; terminalia asymmetrical (Fig. 3 C); hypandrium band-like, angulate distally, posteriorly expanded; gonocoxite elongate cylindrical, longer than gonostylus; gonostylus narrow tapering with scattered spiniform sensillae on both surfaces; basiphallus laterally compressed, narrow in dorsal aspect, basally slightly expanded; with aperture at distiphallic joint very small; distiphallus narrow, rotated 90 °; parameres paired, slightly asymmetrical, consisting of a conical basal body with an elongate medial needle-shaped protuberance; protuberance on left paramere externally angulate, hook-shaped; both parameres reaching slightly longer than aedeagus; epandrium (Fig. 3 E) slightly longer than broad with very short medioanterior processes pointing anteriorly; ventral epandrial plate not discernible on specimen; surstyli cylindrical, comparatively straight, distally expanded with single row of 12 tenacula; hypoproct about half as long as epandrium, round with short anterior protuberance, finely pilose; epiproct small, oval, embedded in hypoproct.	en	Kvifte, Gunnar Mikalsen (2015): The Afrotropical genera of Psychodini: Redefinition of the tribe, first Afrotropical record of Perithreticus Vaillant, 1973 and description of Soeliella gen. nov. (Diptera: Psychodidae: Psychodinae). Zootaxa 3986 (1): 115-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3986.1.6
