taxonID	type	description	language	source
4D2CC257FF8D7F2D19C61779442AFBBC.taxon	description	(Figs 1 – 8)	en	Starkevich, Pavel, Men, Qiu-Lei, Saldaitis, Aidas (2019): Four new crane fly species of subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China. Zootaxa 4679 (1): 69-86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4679.1.4
4D2CC257FF8D7F2D19C61779442AFBBC.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: male, China, N. Sichuan, 20 km N. Maoxian, elev. 1820 m, N 31 ° 46.310 ’, E 103 ° 42.898 ’, 20. v. 2017, A. Saldaitis leg., genitalia slide No. PS 0411 m (NRC). Paratypes: 7 males topotypic, wing slide No. PS 0412 m; 1 male, China, Qinghai, South from Xining, Laji Shan Mt., elev. 3070 m, N 36 ° 22.614 ’, E 101 ° 33.644 ’, 26 – 29. V. 2017, A. Saldaitis leg.; 5 males, S. W. Gansu, Xiahe (Labrang), elev. 2900 m, N 35 ° 11.968 ’, E 102 ° 33.545 ’, 23. V. 2017, A. Saldaitis leg. (NRC).	en	Starkevich, Pavel, Men, Qiu-Lei, Saldaitis, Aidas (2019): Four new crane fly species of subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China. Zootaxa 4679 (1): 69-86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4679.1.4
4D2CC257FF8D7F2D19C61779442AFBBC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A medium-sized crane fly with brownish-gray thorax, yellowish-brown abdomen and yellowishbrown wing spotted within translucent areas. Antenna, almost reaching the end of the abdomen if bent backward. Tergite 9 in the shape of pale-yellow, rectangular saucer-shaped plate, with posterior margin blackened and microscopically roughened, broadly emarginated, medially with small incision; lateral corner obtuse; dorsomedian sclerotised area anteriorly extended into raised convex plate. Gonocoxite subtriangular. Outer gonostylus narrow, finger-shaped. Inner gonostylus in the shape of broad plate, beak extended into large rostrum with ventral and median sclerotised areas, dorsal margin with broad triangular curved tooth.	en	Starkevich, Pavel, Men, Qiu-Lei, Saldaitis, Aidas (2019): Four new crane fly species of subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China. Zootaxa 4679 (1): 69-86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4679.1.4
4D2CC257FF8D7F2D19C61779442AFBBC.taxon	description	Description. Adult (Fig. 1), male (N = 14). General body coloration brownish-gray. Body length 9.7 – 11.9 mm, wing length 11.5 – 13.5 mm. Head. Brownish gray, vertex and occiput gray pruinose, with dark brown median line. Rostrum brownish, very thinly dusted with gray, nasus gray and relatively short. Antenna 13 - segmented, almost reaching the end of the abdomen if bent backward. Scape brown, gray pruinose, three times as long as pedicel, expanded apically, pedicel brown, thinly gray pruinose, very short. Flagellum with the first flagellomere cylindrical, entirely yellowish-brown, distinctly shorter than next 7 flagellomeres. The second flagellomere bicolorous, with enlarged base dark brown and apical half brown, flagellomeres 2 – 4 subequal in length, with subsequent flagellomeres gradually shorter apically. Basal enlargement with abundant black verticils, distinctly shorter than length of corresponding flagellomeres. Palpus black. Thorax. Brownish-gray. Pronotum brown, gray pruinose. Mesonotal prescutum brown, gray pruinose with four darker longitudinal stripes, median pair bordered by dark brown. Interspace between median and lateral stripes gray with light and short setae. Scutum brown, gray pruinose with two darkened spots. Scutellum and mediotergite brown, gray pruinose. Pleuron brown, thinly dusted with gray. Leg slender, coxa brown, thinly dusted with gray, trochanter, femur and tibia yellowish-brown with dark brown tips, tarsal segments passing into dark brown. Tarsal claw simple without tooth. Wing (Fig. 2) yellowish-brown, wing cells marbled with darker spots: faint brown marks at arcular area, at origin of Rs and at pterostigma area, with brown clouds in middle and distal area of cell bm, later extended along CuA 2. Discal cell narrow, elongated, petiole of cell m 1 distinctly shorter than discal cell, cell m 1 twice as long as petiole. Halter entirely yellowish-brown, thinly dusted with gray. Abdomen. Yellowish-brown, with narrow lateral stripe reaching tergite 8, sternites 1 – 5 entirely yellowishbrown, remaining sternites gradually darker. Hypopygium. Brown. Tergite 9 (Fig. 4) in the shape of shallowly emarginated, pale-yellow, rectangular saucer-shaped plate. Posterior margin of tergal saucer blackened and microscopically roughened, broadly emarginated, medially with small incision. Lateral corners of tergal saucer obtuse. A pair of small blackened points near lateral corners. Tergal saucer with specific dorsomedian sclerotised area, anteriorly extended into raised convex plate. Gonocoxite short, subtriangular, unarmed (Figs 3, 5). Outer gonostylus narrow, finger-shaped (Fig. 5). Inner gonostylus in the shape of broad plate, beak extended into large rostrum with ventral and median sclerotised areas, dorsal margin with broad triangular curved tooth (Fig. 7). Adminiculum in the shape of a depressed flattened plate, posterolaterally produced into obtuse projection (Fig. 8). Sternite 9 with two small blackened sclerites (Fig. 5). Comparative material examined: T. (V.) aptera: Lectotype, male, China, Qinghai, Sanka village, Den-chu river, Kam, Yangtze basin, 17. VI. 1901 (Kozlov); paralectotypes, 2 males, topotypic (ZIN); T. (V.) erectiloba: Holotype, male, China, Sichuan, Mount Omei, altitude 11000 feet, 26. V. 1938 (Tsen); paratypes, 12 males, topotypic (USNM); T. (V.) pauxilla: Holotype, male, China, Sichuan, Dza-chu river, Kam, Yangtze basin, IV. 1901 (Kozlov); paratypes, 2 males, topotypic, V. 1901 (Kozlov); paratypes, 4 males, Gorin-Chu river, Kam, Yangtze basin, V. 1901 (Kozlov) (ZIN); T. (V.) setigera: Holotype, male, China, Qinghai, Amdos Highland, Ngvarsi river, Pass Namyn-gyg, altitude 3394 m, 16. V. 1885 (Potanin) (ZIN).	en	Starkevich, Pavel, Men, Qiu-Lei, Saldaitis, Aidas (2019): Four new crane fly species of subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China. Zootaxa 4679 (1): 69-86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4679.1.4
4D2CC257FF8D7F2D19C61779442AFBBC.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology and distribution. A total of 14 males were collected at the end of May 2017 in remote parts of central and west China including Sichuan, Qinghai and Gansu Provinces near the Maoxian, Xining and Xiahe. The new species was collected at altitudes ranging from 1800 to 3000 m in the following mountainous areas: dry valley of mountain river, rarely covered by mixed forest and dominated by deciduous trees and bushes (Maoxian, Sichuan) (Fig. 37); narrow and stony river, valley rarely covered by mixed bushes (Xiahe, Gansu); shrubby transition, dominated by willows and birches, between the mountain coniferous forest and the alpine grassland zones (near Xining, Qinghai).	en	Starkevich, Pavel, Men, Qiu-Lei, Saldaitis, Aidas (2019): Four new crane fly species of subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China. Zootaxa 4679 (1): 69-86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4679.1.4
4D2CC257FF8D7F2D19C61779442AFBBC.taxon	discussion	Discussion. The new species was compared to all four known species in this group based on type or non-type material, and it is mostly similar to T. (V.) pauxilla in body color, wing venation, shape of tergite 9 and inner gonostylus. T. (V.) borthi sp. nov. can be easily separated by its long antenna almost reaching the end of the abdomen (reaching half of abdomen in T. (V.) pauxilla), yellowish-brown abdomen (distinctly reddish-yellow in T. (V.) pauxilla), entirely black palpus (yellowish brown in T. (V.) pauxilla), brown pedicel (pedicel yellow in T. (V.) pauxilla), tergite 9 with obtuse lateral corner (distinctly rounded in T. (V.) pauxilla) and inner gonostylus with large rostrum (small in T. (V.) pauxilla).	en	Starkevich, Pavel, Men, Qiu-Lei, Saldaitis, Aidas (2019): Four new crane fly species of subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China. Zootaxa 4679 (1): 69-86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4679.1.4
4D2CC257FF8D7F2D19C61779442AFBBC.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The new species is named after our good friend, prominent specialist of genus Catocala (Lepidoptera) Robert Borth. Tipula (Vestiplex) virgatula species group The virgatula group was proposed by Savchenko (1960, 1964) with additional discussion in Dia and Theowald (1982). Males of the virgatula group are characterized by large triangular or subrectangular gonocoxite and tergite 9 with weakly modified tergal saucer. An additional feature that characterizes males of the virgatula group is the small gonapophyses (Fig. 17). Females with hypovalvae greatly reduced, tooth-shaped. The virgatula group includes the following species in China: T. (V.) aestiva Savchenko, 1960 (China), T. (V.) opilionimorpha Savchenko, 1955 (China) and T. (V.) virgatula (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, China, Russia and Mongolia).	en	Starkevich, Pavel, Men, Qiu-Lei, Saldaitis, Aidas (2019): Four new crane fly species of subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China. Zootaxa 4679 (1): 69-86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4679.1.4
4D2CC257FF8A7F2019C612404473FA0E.taxon	description	(Figs 9 – 17)	en	Starkevich, Pavel, Men, Qiu-Lei, Saldaitis, Aidas (2019): Four new crane fly species of subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China. Zootaxa 4679 (1): 69-86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4679.1.4
4D2CC257FF8A7F2019C612404473FA0E.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: Male, China, N. Sichuan, 20 km N. Maoxian, elev. 1820 m, N 31 ° 46.310 ’, E 103 ° 42.898 ’, 20. v. 2017, A. Saldaitis leg., genitalia slide No. PS 0413 m (NRC). Paratypes: 3 males, topotypic, wing slide No. PS 0414 m (NRC).	en	Starkevich, Pavel, Men, Qiu-Lei, Saldaitis, Aidas (2019): Four new crane fly species of subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China. Zootaxa 4679 (1): 69-86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4679.1.4
4D2CC257FF8A7F2019C612404473FA0E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A medium-sized crane fly with brownish-gray thorax, yellowish-brown abdomen and yellowishbrown wing, spotted within translucent areas. Antenna, reaching the fifth abdominal segment if bent backward. Tergite 9 in the shape of a narrowed concave saucer, with main body light brown, medially with pale area, posterior margin of tergal saucer deeply emarginated, medially strongly sclerotized, anterior portion of tergal saucer raised into sclerotised border, medially interrupted by pale area. Gonocoxite in the shape of a large triangular plate, apex with black tooth. Inner gonostylus in the shape of a large plate, middorsal edge with blackened plate, upper beak sclerotised and rounded, lower beak sclerotised and swollen, both beaks separated by deep notch.	en	Starkevich, Pavel, Men, Qiu-Lei, Saldaitis, Aidas (2019): Four new crane fly species of subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China. Zootaxa 4679 (1): 69-86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4679.1.4
4D2CC257FF8A7F2019C612404473FA0E.taxon	description	Description. Adult (Fig. 9), male (N = 4). General body coloration brownish-gray. Body length 11.5 – 12.5 mm, wing length 13.5 – 14.5 mm. Head. Brownish-gray, vertex and occiput gray pruinose, with dark brown median line. Rostrum brownishgray, nasus gray, very short. Antenna 12 - segmented, reaching the fifth abdominal segment if bent backward. Scape brown, more than three times as long as pedicel, expanded apically. Pedicel brown, very short. Flagellum with first flagellomere cylindrical, entirely brown, subequal in length to second flagellomere, with subsequent flagellomeres changing to brownish-black, lighter at apex and enlarged basally, gradually shorter towards apex, basal enlargement with abundant black verticils, distinctly shorter than length of corresponding flagellomeres. Palpus black. Thorax. Brownish-gray. Pronotum dark brown, gray pruinose. Mesonotal prescutum brown, gray pruinose with four darker indistinct longitudinal stripes. Median pair narrowly divided by brown line. Thoracic dorsum nearly bare, with very scarce short and light setae only between median and lateral stripes. Scutum dark brown, gray pruinose with two darkened spots. Scutellum and mediotergite brown, gray pruinose, with latter bearing black line medially. Pleuron dark brown, thinly dusted with gray. Leg slender, coxa brown, thinly dusted with gray, trochanter, femur and tibia brown with dark brown tips, tarsal segments dark brown. Tarsal claw simple without tooth. Wing (Fig. 10) yellowish-brown, wing cells marbled with darker spots: faint brown marks at origin of Rs and at stigmal area, with diffuse brown patches at distal and middle area of bm, with latter extended along Cu. Discal cell narrow, elongated, petiole of cell m 1 distinctly shorter than discal cell, cell m 1 more than three times as long as petiole. Halter with stem yellowish, knob dark brown. Abdomen. Abdominal segments 1 – 3 yellowish-brown, gradually darker starting from segment 4. Dorsal median stripe interrupted at caudal margins of segments. Lateral stripe narrow. Hypopygium. Yellowish-brown. Tergite 9 in the shape of narrowed concave saucer (Fig. 12). The main body of tergal saucer light brown, medially with pale area, posterior margin of tergal saucer deeply emarginated, medially strongly sclerotised; lateral angles of tergal saucer obtuse; anterior portion of tergal saucer raised into sclerotised border medially broadly interrupted by pale area. Gonocoxite in the shape of a large triangular plate, apex with black tooth (Figs 11, 14). Outer gonostylus flattened, widest at the middle with apex obtuse (Fig. 15). Inner gonostylus in the shape of large plate, middorsal edge with blackened plate, upper beak sclerotised and rounded, lower beak sclerotised and swollen, both beaks separated by deep notch (Fig. 16). Adminiculum in shape of triangular groove, broad at base and gradually narrowed to apex in dorsal view, gonapophyses short and wrinkled, adminicular rods long (Figs 13, 17). Sternite 9 with two small blackened sclerites (Fig. 13). Comparative material examined: T. (V.) aestiva: Holotype, male, China, Qinghai, south shore of Kuku-nor lake, VIII. 1901 (Kozlov); paratype, female, topotypic; paratype, male, Sogon-Gomba, I-chu river, up to Yangtze river, VII. 1900 (Kozlov); paratype, male, shore of Orin-nor lake, Huang-he Basin, V-VI. 1901 (Kozlov) (ZIN); T. (V.) longitudinalis: 1 male, 2 females, Mongolia, Chövsgöl aimak, N von Somon Chatgal am SW Rand des Sees Chövsgöl nuur, 1650 m, Exp. Dr. Z. KASZAB, Mannheims det. 1969, 18. VII. 1968 (HNHM); 15 males, 1 female, Khentii Aimag, Tsenkhermandal Soum, spring headwaters Tsenkher Gol, 29 km North of Tsenkhermandal, N 47.92564, E 109.16114, elev. 1589 m, 23. VII. 2011 (ANSP); T. (V.) opilionimorpha: Lectotype, male, China, Qinghai, valley of river Dzagyn-gol, 1 – 6. VII. 1900 (Kozlov); paralectotypes, 1 male, 1 female, topotypic (ZIN); T. (V.) virgatula: 3 males, Mongolia, Ubruchangaj aimak, Changaj Gebirge, 21 km O von somon Narijnteel, 2080 m, Exp. Dr. Z. KASZAB, 1964, 27. VI. 1964 (HNHM); 5 females, Bajanchongor aimak, Changaj Gebirge, Ulaan colon, 18 km S vom Pass Egijn davaa, 2300 m, Exp. Dr. Z. KASZAB, 21. VI. 1966 (HNHM); 13 males, Bayankhongor Aimag, Erdenesogt Soum, Shargaljuut Gol, 10 km NE of Shargaljuut Rashaan Hot Spring, jct Ugalzyn Gol, N 46.35902, E 101.27559, elev. 2186 m, 4. VII. 2011 (ANSP).	en	Starkevich, Pavel, Men, Qiu-Lei, Saldaitis, Aidas (2019): Four new crane fly species of subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China. Zootaxa 4679 (1): 69-86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4679.1.4
4D2CC257FF8A7F2019C612404473FA0E.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology and distribution. Four males were collected during a single rainy night on 20 May, 2017 in a remote part of west China, Sichuan Province near the Maoxian. The new species was collected at an altitude of 1800 meters in a valley sparsely covered by mixed forests dominated by deciduous trees and bushes (Fig. 37).	en	Starkevich, Pavel, Men, Qiu-Lei, Saldaitis, Aidas (2019): Four new crane fly species of subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China. Zootaxa 4679 (1): 69-86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4679.1.4
4D2CC257FF8A7F2019C612404473FA0E.taxon	discussion	Discussion. The new species is most similar to T. (V.) aestiva but differs by details of tergite 9. Tipula (V.) maoxianensis sp. nov. has tergite 9 with lateral corners rounded, while T. (V.) aestiva lateral corners obtuse and distinctly blackened. They can also be separated by antenna reaching the fifth abdominal segment in T. (V.) maoxianensis sp. nov. while antenna reach the base of the abdomen in T. (V.) aestiva.	en	Starkevich, Pavel, Men, Qiu-Lei, Saldaitis, Aidas (2019): Four new crane fly species of subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China. Zootaxa 4679 (1): 69-86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4679.1.4
4D2CC257FF8A7F2019C612404473FA0E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is a noun ‘ maoxian ’ with Latin suffix ‘ ensis ’, referring to the type locality of the new species. Tipula (Vestiplex) divisotergata species group The divisotergata species group was proposed by Savchenko (1964) based on the shape of the male gonocoxite and tergite 9. A list of species belonging to the divisotergata group is revised and the following species are recognized in China: T. (V.) adungensis Alexander, 1963, T. (V.) divisotergata Alexander, 1932, T. (V.) nokonis Alexander, 1928, T. (V.) rongtoensis Alexander, 1963, T. (V.) subapterogyne Alexander, 1920, T. (V.) verecunda Alexander, 1924 and T. (V.) zayulensis Alexander, 1963. The divisotergata species group belongs to the part of T. (Vestiplex) whose males are characterized by tergite 9 divided by a pale membrane. In this part males of the divisotergata species group can be easily recognized by simple unarmed gonocoxite, inner gonostylus has lower beak with roundly swollen area and usually well-developed dorsal lobe of appendage of sternite 9. Ventral lobes of tergite 9 appear as small narrow sclerotised plates in T. (V.) verecunda, T. (V.) adungensis, T. (V.) zayulensis, as bilobed foot-shaped structures in T. (V.) divisotergata or as pale rods in T. (V.) rongtoensis (Alexander 1932, 1963).	en	Starkevich, Pavel, Men, Qiu-Lei, Saldaitis, Aidas (2019): Four new crane fly species of subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China. Zootaxa 4679 (1): 69-86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4679.1.4
4D2CC257FF867F2419C615BA4137FDAE.taxon	description	(Figs 18 – 27)	en	Starkevich, Pavel, Men, Qiu-Lei, Saldaitis, Aidas (2019): Four new crane fly species of subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China. Zootaxa 4679 (1): 69-86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4679.1.4
4D2CC257FF867F2419C615BA4137FDAE.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: Male, China, W. Sichuan, near Xinduqiao, elev. 3611 m, N 30 ° 04.256 ’, E 101 ° 25.156 ’, 14. vi. 2015, A. Floriani & A. Saldaitis leg., genitalia slide No. PS 0415 m (NRC). Paratypes: 8 males topotypic, genitalia slide No. PS 0416 m, wing slide No. PS 0417 m (NRC).	en	Starkevich, Pavel, Men, Qiu-Lei, Saldaitis, Aidas (2019): Four new crane fly species of subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China. Zootaxa 4679 (1): 69-86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4679.1.4
4D2CC257FF867F2419C615BA4137FDAE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A medium-sized crane fly with brownish-gray thorax, abdomen basally yellow and apically brown, wing yellowish-brown. Antenna reaching before root of the wing if bent backward. Gonocoxite simple, unarmed. Tergite 9 with ventral blackened plates absent, only with pair of membranous lobes on ventral side. Outer gonostylus nearly parallel sided, with margin oblique. Inner gonostylus rounded, terminated in short black upper beak and lower beak surrounded by a roundly swollen area. Sternite 9 ventrally with small median tubercle; ventral lobe of A 9 S roughly rounded sclerite; dorsal lobe of A 9 S very small, reduced sclerite.	en	Starkevich, Pavel, Men, Qiu-Lei, Saldaitis, Aidas (2019): Four new crane fly species of subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China. Zootaxa 4679 (1): 69-86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4679.1.4
4D2CC257FF867F2419C615BA4137FDAE.taxon	description	Description. Adult (Fig. 18), male (N = 9). General body coloration yellowish-brown. Body length 11.3 – 12.9 mm, wing length 15.0 – 17.7 mm. Head. Yellowish-brown, vertex yellow, occiput yellowish-brown, gradually narrowed to vertex, forming median line. Rostrum yellowish-brown, nasus relatively elongate, brown dusted with gray. Antenna 12 – segmented, reaching before root of the wing if bent backward. Scape brown, more than three times as long as pedicel, expanded apically. Pedicel yellow, very short. Flagellum brownish-black, flagellar segments with basal enlargement. Verticils subequal to length of corresponding flagellomeres. Palpus black. Thorax. Brownish-gray. Pronotum entirely brownish-gray. Mesonotal prescutum gray pruinose with four distinct longitudinal stripes bordered by dark brown. Median pair narrowly divided by broad brown line. Thoracic dorsum nearly bare, with very scarce short and light setae only between median and lateral gray stripes. Scutum dark brown, thinly gray pruinose with two darkened spots. Scutellum and mediotergite brown, gray pruinose, former with black line medially. Pleuron dark brown, thinly dusted with gray. Leg slender, coxa brown, thinly dusted with gray, trochanter yellowish-brown, femur yellowish-brown at basal half and gradually darkened to apex, tibia brown with dark brown tip, tarsal segments dark brown. Tarsal claw simple, without tooth. Wing (Fig. 19) yellowishbrown, translucent, pterostigma slightly darker than ground color. Discal cell narrow, elongate, more than twice as long as petiole of cell m 1, cell m 1 more than three times as long as petiole. Halter with stem yellowish, knob slightly darker than stem. Abdomen. Basal four segments yellow, gradually suffused with brown apically, with narrow lateral stripe reaching tergite 8, tergite 1 with broad median stripe. Hypopygium. Brown. Dorsal portion of tergite 9 with deep V-shaped emargination, without pale median membrane, densely covered with many long setae on lateral corners (Fig. 21). Ventral portion with pair of membranous lobes (Fig. 22). Gonocoxite simple, unarmed (Figs 20, 21, 25). Outer gonostylus nearly parallel sided, with margin oblique (Fig. 23). Inner gonostylus in the shape of rounded sclerite, terminated into short black upper beak, lower beak surrounded by roundly swollen area (Fig. 24). Dorsal surface with many sharp spines arranged on back margin and scattered in median area; swollen area basally. Adminiculum triangular in dorsal view, apex narrowed, median sclerite inconspicuous (Figs 26, 27). Sternite 9 ventrally with small median tubercle (Fig. 20). Ventral lobe of A 9 S in the shape of a roughly rounded sclerite provided with setae (Figs 25 – 27). Dorsal lobe of A 9 S very small, reduced (Figs 26, 27), usually covered by surrounding barely visible sclerites. Comparative material examined: T. (V.) adungensis: Holotype, male, N. E. Burma [Myanmar], Adung Valley, altitude 12000 feet, 10. VI. 1931 (Capt. F. Kingdon Ward and Lord Cranbrook), BMNH (E) # 246039 and paratype, female BMNH (E) # 246040 pinned together; paratype, female, Adung Valley, altitude 9000 feet, 6. VI. 1931 (Capt. F. Kingdon Ward and Lord Cranbrook), BMNH (E) # 246041; paratype, female, Adung Valley, altitude 12000 feet, 26. VI. 1931 (Capt. F. Kingdon Ward and Lord Cranbrook), BMNH (E) # 246042 (BMNH); T. (V.) divisotergata: Holotype, male, China, Sichuan, Mount Omei, altitude 4500 feet, 17. VII. 1929 (Franck); paratype, male, 23. VII. 1929, topotypic (USNM); T. (V.) zayulensis: Holotype, male, China, S. E. Tibet, Ata Kang, altitude 8000 feet, 29. V. 1933 (F. Kingdon Ward and R. J. H. Kaulback), BMNH (E) # 246045; paratype, female, S. E. Tibet, Zayul, altitude 8000 feet, 6. VI. 1933 (F. Kingdon Ward and R. J. H. Kaulback), BMNH (E) # 246046; paratype, male, SE Tibet, Zayul, altitude 8000 feet, 3. VI. 1933 (F. Kingdon Ward and R. J. H. Kaulback), BMNH (E) # 246047; paratype, female, S. E. Tibet, Lepa Chu Valley, altitude 12000 feet, 6. VII. 1935 (R. J. H. Kaulback), BMNH (E) # 246048 (BMNH); T. (V.) verecunda: Holotype, male, Russia, Sakhalin, Toyohara [= Yuzno-Sakhalinsk], 16. VII. 1922 (T. Esaki) (USNM); 3 males, Sakhalin, Kuznecevo, 19. VII. 1953 (Violovich) (ZIN); 1 male, 1 female, Kunashir island, 22. VII. 1988 (E. Budrys) det. S. Podenas, (MZVU); 1 male, China, Shaanxi, Qinling Mts., Hauzherza vill., elev. 1600 m, N 33 º 52.423 ’, E 107 º 48.779 ’, 2 – 3. VI. 2009, Saldaitis & Floriani (NRC); T. (V.) nokonis: Holotype, male, Taiwan, Noko, altitude 9800 feet, 27. VI. 1927 (S. Isiki) (USNM); T. (V.) subapterogyne: Holotype, male, Taiwan, Noko, 11. V. 1919 (T. Shiraki); paratypes, 1 male, 1 female, topotypic (USNM).	en	Starkevich, Pavel, Men, Qiu-Lei, Saldaitis, Aidas (2019): Four new crane fly species of subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China. Zootaxa 4679 (1): 69-86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4679.1.4
4D2CC257FF867F2419C615BA4137FDAE.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology and distribution. A total of 9 males were collected during a single cold night on 14 June, 2015 in a remote part of west China, Sichuan Province near the Xinduqiao. The new species was collected at an altitude of 3600 m in shrubby transition, dominated by willows and birches, between the mountain coniferous forest and the alpine grassland zones (Fig. 38).	en	Starkevich, Pavel, Men, Qiu-Lei, Saldaitis, Aidas (2019): Four new crane fly species of subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China. Zootaxa 4679 (1): 69-86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4679.1.4
4D2CC257FF867F2419C615BA4137FDAE.taxon	discussion	Discussion. T. (V.) xinduqiaoensis sp. nov. is assigned to the divisotergata group based on the unarmed gonocoxite and shape of inner gonostylus. From all other species of divisotergata species group it differs by an absence of ventral sclerotised plates in tergite 9 and an unusually small reduced A 9 S dorsal lobe. It is mostly similar to T. (V.) rongtoensis whose tergite 9 ventrally has only a pale rod (Alexander 1963).	en	Starkevich, Pavel, Men, Qiu-Lei, Saldaitis, Aidas (2019): Four new crane fly species of subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China. Zootaxa 4679 (1): 69-86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4679.1.4
4D2CC257FF867F2419C615BA4137FDAE.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is a noun ‘ xinduqiao ’ with Latin suffix ‘ ensis ’, referring to the type locality of the new species.	en	Starkevich, Pavel, Men, Qiu-Lei, Saldaitis, Aidas (2019): Four new crane fly species of subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China. Zootaxa 4679 (1): 69-86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4679.1.4
4D2CC257FF837F3819C616E442EDFACA.taxon	description	(Figs 28 – 36)	en	Starkevich, Pavel, Men, Qiu-Lei, Saldaitis, Aidas (2019): Four new crane fly species of subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China. Zootaxa 4679 (1): 69-86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4679.1.4
4D2CC257FF837F3819C616E442EDFACA.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: Male, China, NW Yunnan, Lijiang / Zhangdian, near Tuguancun, elev. 3200 m, N 27 ° 29.700 ’, E 99 ° 53.700 ’, 24 – 25. v. 2012, A. Saldaitis leg., genitalia slide No. PS 0418 m, wing slide No. PS 0419 m (NRC). Paratype: 1 male topotypic, wing slide No. PS 0420 m (NRC).	en	Starkevich, Pavel, Men, Qiu-Lei, Saldaitis, Aidas (2019): Four new crane fly species of subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China. Zootaxa 4679 (1): 69-86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4679.1.4
4D2CC257FF837F3819C616E442EDFACA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A medium-sized crane fly with yellowish-brown thorax, yellow base and brown tip of abdomen and yellowish-brown wing. Antenna, reaching before base of the abdomen if bent backward. Tergite 9 ventrally with a pair of large, heavily sclerotised ear-shaped lobes. Inner gonostylus in the shape of a rounded plate, terminated into dark upper beak, lower beak is surrounded by a roundly swollen area. Gonocoxite subrectangular in outline, unarmed. Sternite 9 with dorsal lobe of A 9 S short, finger-shaped.	en	Starkevich, Pavel, Men, Qiu-Lei, Saldaitis, Aidas (2019): Four new crane fly species of subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China. Zootaxa 4679 (1): 69-86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4679.1.4
4D2CC257FF837F3819C616E442EDFACA.taxon	description	Description. Adult (Fig. 28), male (N = 2). General body coloration yellowish-brown. Body length 13.0 – 13.2 mm, wing length 15.5 – 15.7 mm. Head. Yellowish-brown, vertex and occiput darker in coloration with dark brown median line. Rostrum yellow with ventral side darker, nasus yellow. Antenna 13 - segmented, reaching before base of the abdomen if bent backward. Scape yellow, elongate, more than four times as long as pedicel, expanded apically. Pedicel yellow, very short. Flagellum brown, flagellar segments with basal enlargement. Verticils subequal to length of corresponding flagellomeres. Palpus with basal three segments yellowish-brown, apical segment black. Thorax. Yellowish-brown. Pronotum yellowish-brown, slightly darker on ventral side. Mesonotal prescutum with three brown longitudinal stripes, median stripe very broad, expanded apically, lateral stripes elliptical, closely connected with median stripe, with many short and light setae situated between stripes. Stripes nearly cover entire prescutal dorsum. Scutum yellowish-brown with brown marking. Scutellum yellowish-brown, slightly darker medially. Postnotum entirely yellowish. Pleuron yellowish, dorsal side of anepisternum and ventral side of katepisternum suffused with brown. Leg slender, coxa and trochanter yellowish, femur brown with basal 2 / 5 yellowish-brown, with broad yellowish band before darkened apex, tibia and tarsal segments brown. Tarsal claw simple without tooth. Wing (Fig. 29) yellowish-brown, semitransparent, pterostigma darker than ground color. Discal cell narrow, elongate, petiole of cell m 1 subequal in length to discal cell and distinctly shorter than cell m 1. Halter with stem yellowish, knob dark brown. Abdomen. Abdominal tergites 1 – 4 yellow, lateral margins narrowly suffused with brown, tergites 5 – 7 brown with yellow margins, sternite 1 – 4 entirely yellow, sternites 5 – 7 brown with yellow margins, abdominal segment 8 and hypopygium totally brown. Hypopygium. Brown. Tergite 9 basally confused with sternite 9 in lateral view, entirely divided into two parts in dorsal view. Dorsal portion of tergite 9 shallowly emarginated at hind margin, with long setae on slightly extended lateral corners. Ventral side of tergite 9 with pair of large, heavily sclerotised, densely dotted ear-shaped lobes (Figs 30 – 32). Gonocoxite broad, subrectangular in outline, unarmed (Fig. 30). Outer gonostylus nearly oval rounded apically (Figs 30, 34). Inner gonostylus in the shape of rounded plate, terminating into dark upper beak, lower beak surrounded by roundly swollen area (Fig. 33). Dorsal surface with many sharp spines arranged on back margin and scattered in median area and with swollen area at base. Adminiculum triangular in dorsal view, apex narrowed, median sclerite well developed (Figs 35, 36). Sternite 9 with ventral lobe of A 9 S in the shape of roughly rounded sclerite provided with setae. Dorsal lobe of A 9 S short, finger-shaped, apically obtuse, provided with setae (Fig. 36).	en	Starkevich, Pavel, Men, Qiu-Lei, Saldaitis, Aidas (2019): Four new crane fly species of subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China. Zootaxa 4679 (1): 69-86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4679.1.4
4D2CC257FF837F3819C616E442EDFACA.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology and distribution. A total of 2 males were collected during a single cold night on 25 May, 2012 in south-western China, Yunnan province, in a remote area in the Hengduan Shan (mountains) near Lijiang – Zhongdian (Fig. 39) on the eastern edge of the Tibetan plateau. The new species was collected near a small river with valley meadows and dry rocky slopes surrounded by mixed forests and wetlands. The mixed forests were dominated by broad-leaved trees including oaks (Quercus dentata, Q. glauca), poplars (Populus cathayana, P. simonii), elms (Ulmus parvifolia), rhododendrons (Rhododendron brachycarpum, R. dauricum) and pines.	en	Starkevich, Pavel, Men, Qiu-Lei, Saldaitis, Aidas (2019): Four new crane fly species of subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China. Zootaxa 4679 (1): 69-86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4679.1.4
4D2CC257FF837F3819C616E442EDFACA.taxon	discussion	Discussion. T. (V.) auriculatalobata sp. nov. is assigned to the divisotergata group on the basis of a combination of characters including unarmed gonocoxite, shape of inner gonostylus and the presence of well-developed dorsal lobe of appendage of sternite 9. It can be separated from all known species in this group by large heavily sclerotised ear-shaped ventral lobes of tergite 9.	en	Starkevich, Pavel, Men, Qiu-Lei, Saldaitis, Aidas (2019): Four new crane fly species of subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China. Zootaxa 4679 (1): 69-86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4679.1.4
4D2CC257FF837F3819C616E442EDFACA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is an adjective derived from the Latin ‘ auriculata ’ with ‘ lobata ’, referring to the presence of ear-shaped plates on tergite 9.	en	Starkevich, Pavel, Men, Qiu-Lei, Saldaitis, Aidas (2019): Four new crane fly species of subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China. Zootaxa 4679 (1): 69-86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4679.1.4
