identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
4D2CC257FF8E7F2919C610FC45E4F9A2.text	4D2CC257FF8E7F2919C610FC45E4F9A2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tipula (Vestiplex) Bezzi 1924	<div><p>Key to Tipula (Vestiplex) species groups</p><p>Males</p><p>1. Tergite 9 divided longitudinally by a pale membrane. Ventral portion with or without appendages on either side of midline. Shape of appendages varies from blackened, narrow or large ear-shaped plates to pale rods. Inner gonostylus with lower beak provided by roundly swollen area. Ventral lobe of A9S varies from small, rounded to finger-shaped................................................................................................... divisotergata species group</p><p>- Tergite 9 forming a flattened or shallowly concave and sclerotised saucer. Inner gonostylus in form of broadened plate, lower beak small or completely reduced, upper beak extended into rostrum. Dorsal lobe of A9S absent...................... 2</p><p>2. Tergite 9 forming a saucer-shaped plate with specific median sclerotised elevated area extended anteriorly into transverse plate with raised border. Gonocoxite small, unarmed............................................ erectiloba species group</p><p>- Tergite 9 forming a flattened or shallowly concaved saucer. Gonocoxite large, triangular or subrectangular in shape......................................................................................... virgatula species group</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4D2CC257FF8E7F2919C610FC45E4F9A2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Starkevich, Pavel;Men, Qiu-Lei;Saldaitis, Aidas	Starkevich, Pavel, Men, Qiu-Lei, Saldaitis, Aidas (2019): Four new crane fly species of subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China. Zootaxa 4679 (1): 69-86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4679.1.4
4D2CC257FF8D7F2A19C614EF45E4FD28.text	4D2CC257FF8D7F2A19C614EF45E4FD28.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tipula erectiloba Alexander 1940	<div><p>Key to species of erectiloba group</p><p>Males (updated from Savchenko 1960)</p><p>1. Antenna 13–segmented. Wing fully developed. Prescutum with longitudinal stripes................................. 2</p><p>- Antenna 15–segmented. Wing reduced. Prescutum without distinct longitudinal stripes................................................................................................. Tipula (Vestiplex) aptera Savchenko, 1955</p><p>2. Head and thorax with average setae (as in Figs 1, 9, 18, 28). Rostrum twice as long as wide. Flagellomeres cylindrical or slightly swollen at base. Abdomen proximally reddish-brown or brownish-yellow......................................... 3</p><p>- Head and thorax provided with long black setae. Rostrum lightly longer than wider. Flagellomeres swollen at base. Abdomen black, gray pruinose................................................. Tipula (Vestiplex) setigera Savchenko, 1960</p><p>3. Antenna short, reaching before root of the wing if bent backward. Body 14–17 mm long.............................................................................................. Tipula (Vestiplex) erectiloba Alexander, 1940</p><p>- Antenna very long, reaching from halfway to the end of the abdomen if bent backward. Body 9.5–11.9 mm long.......... 4</p><p>4. Antenna if bent backward, reaching half of the abdomen. Palpus yellowish-brown. Pedicel yellow. Lateral corner of tergite 9 rounded........................................................... Tipula (Vestiplex) pauxilla Savchenko, 1960</p><p>- Antenna, reaching the end of the abdomen if bent backward. Palpus black. Pedicel brown. Lateral corner of tergite 9 obtuse (Fig. 4).................................................................... Tipula (Vestiplex) borthi sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4D2CC257FF8D7F2A19C614EF45E4FD28	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Starkevich, Pavel;Men, Qiu-Lei;Saldaitis, Aidas	Starkevich, Pavel, Men, Qiu-Lei, Saldaitis, Aidas (2019): Four new crane fly species of subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China. Zootaxa 4679 (1): 69-86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4679.1.4
4D2CC257FF8D7F2D19C61779442AFBBC.text	4D2CC257FF8D7F2D19C61779442AFBBC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tipula (Vestiplex) borthi Starkevich & Men & Saldaitis 2019	<div><p>Tipula (Vestiplex) borthi sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 1–8)</p><p>Holotype: male, China, N. Sichuan, 20 km N. Maoxian, elev. 1820 m, N31°46.310’, E103°42.898’, 20.v.2017, A. Saldaitis leg., genitalia slide No. PS 0411m (NRC).</p><p>Paratypes: 7 males topotypic, wing slide No. PS0412m; 1 male, China, Qinghai, South from Xining, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.56073&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.3769" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.56073/lat 36.3769)">Laji Shan Mt.</a>, elev. 3070 m, N36°22.614’, E101°33.644’, 26–29.V.2017, A. Saldaitis leg. ; 5 males, S.W. Gansu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.55908&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.199467" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.55908/lat 35.199467)">Xiahe</a> (Labrang), elev. 2900 m, N35°11.968’, E102°33.545’, 23.V.2017, A. Saldaitis leg. (NRC) .</p><p>Diagnosis. A medium-sized crane fly with brownish-gray thorax, yellowish-brown abdomen and yellowishbrown wing spotted within translucent areas. Antenna, almost reaching the end of the abdomen if bent backward. Tergite 9 in the shape of pale-yellow, rectangular saucer-shaped plate, with posterior margin blackened and microscopically roughened, broadly emarginated, medially with small incision; lateral corner obtuse; dorsomedian sclerotised area anteriorly extended into raised convex plate. Gonocoxite subtriangular. Outer gonostylus narrow, finger-shaped. Inner gonostylus in the shape of broad plate, beak extended into large rostrum with ventral and median sclerotised areas, dorsal margin with broad triangular curved tooth.</p><p>Description. Adult (Fig. 1), male (N=14). General body coloration brownish-gray. Body length 9.7–11.9 mm, wing length 11.5–13.5 mm.</p><p>Head. Brownish gray, vertex and occiput gray pruinose, with dark brown median line. Rostrum brownish, very thinly dusted with gray, nasus gray and relatively short. Antenna 13-segmented, almost reaching the end of the abdomen if bent backward. Scape brown, gray pruinose, three times as long as pedicel, expanded apically, pedicel brown, thinly gray pruinose, very short. Flagellum with the first flagellomere cylindrical, entirely yellowish-brown, distinctly shorter than next 7 flagellomeres. The second flagellomere bicolorous, with enlarged base dark brown and apical half brown, flagellomeres 2–4 subequal in length, with subsequent flagellomeres gradually shorter apically. Basal enlargement with abundant black verticils, distinctly shorter than length of corresponding flagellomeres. Palpus black.</p><p>Thorax. Brownish-gray. Pronotum brown, gray pruinose. Mesonotal prescutum brown, gray pruinose with four darker longitudinal stripes, median pair bordered by dark brown. Interspace between median and lateral stripes gray with light and short setae. Scutum brown, gray pruinose with two darkened spots. Scutellum and mediotergite brown, gray pruinose. Pleuron brown, thinly dusted with gray. Leg slender, coxa brown, thinly dusted with gray, trochanter, femur and tibia yellowish-brown with dark brown tips, tarsal segments passing into dark brown. Tarsal claw simple without tooth. Wing (Fig. 2) yellowish-brown, wing cells marbled with darker spots: faint brown marks at arcular area, at origin of Rs and at pterostigma area, with brown clouds in middle and distal area of cell bm, later extended along CuA 2. Discal cell narrow, elongated, petiole of cell m 1 distinctly shorter than discal cell, cell m 1 twice as long as petiole. Halter entirely yellowish-brown, thinly dusted with gray.</p><p>Abdomen. Yellowish-brown, with narrow lateral stripe reaching tergite 8, sternites 1–5 entirely yellowishbrown, remaining sternites gradually darker.</p><p>Hypopygium. Brown. Tergite 9 (Fig. 4) in the shape of shallowly emarginated, pale-yellow, rectangular saucer-shaped plate. Posterior margin of tergal saucer blackened and microscopically roughened, broadly emarginated, medially with small incision. Lateral corners of tergal saucer obtuse. A pair of small blackened points near lateral corners. Tergal saucer with specific dorsomedian sclerotised area, anteriorly extended into raised convex plate. Gonocoxite short, subtriangular, unarmed (Figs 3, 5). Outer gonostylus narrow, finger-shaped (Fig. 5). Inner gonostylus in the shape of broad plate, beak extended into large rostrum with ventral and median sclerotised areas, dorsal margin with broad triangular curved tooth (Fig. 7). Adminiculum in the shape of a depressed flattened plate, posterolaterally produced into obtuse projection (Fig. 8). Sternite 9 with two small blackened sclerites (Fig. 5).</p><p>Comparative material examined: T. (V.) aptera: Lectotype, male, China, Qinghai, Sanka village, Den-chu river, Kam, Yangtze basin, 17.VI.1901 (Kozlov); paralectotypes, 2 males, topotypic (ZIN); T. (V.) erectiloba: Holotype, male, China, Sichuan, Mount Omei, altitude 11000 feet, 26.V.1938 (Tsen); paratypes, 12 males, topotypic (USNM); T. (V.) pauxilla: Holotype, male, China, Sichuan, Dza-chu river, Kam, Yangtze basin, IV.1901 (Kozlov); paratypes, 2 males, topotypic, V.1901 (Kozlov); paratypes, 4 males, Gorin-Chu river, Kam, Yangtze basin, V.1901 (Kozlov) (ZIN); T. (V.) setigera: Holotype, male, China, Qinghai, Amdos Highland, Ngvarsi river, Pass Namyn-gyg, altitude 3394 m, 16.V.1885 (Potanin) (ZIN) .</p><p>Biology and distribution. A total of 14 males were collected at the end of May 2017 in remote parts of central and west China including Sichuan, Qinghai and Gansu Provinces near the Maoxian, Xining and Xiahe. The new species was collected at altitudes ranging from 1800 to 3000 m in the following mountainous areas: dry valley of mountain river, rarely covered by mixed forest and dominated by deciduous trees and bushes (Maoxian, Sichuan) (Fig. 37); narrow and stony river, valley rarely covered by mixed bushes (Xiahe, Gansu); shrubby transition, dominated by willows and birches, between the mountain coniferous forest and the alpine grassland zones (near Xining, Qinghai) .</p><p>Discussion. The new species was compared to all four known species in this group based on type or non-type material, and it is mostly similar to T. (V.) pauxilla in body color, wing venation, shape of tergite 9 and inner gonostylus. T. (V.) borthi sp. nov. can be easily separated by its long antenna almost reaching the end of the abdomen (reaching half of abdomen in T. (V.) pauxilla), yellowish-brown abdomen (distinctly reddish-yellow in T. (V.) pauxilla), entirely black palpus (yellowish brown in T. (V.) pauxilla), brown pedicel (pedicel yellow in T. (V.) pauxilla), tergite 9 with obtuse lateral corner (distinctly rounded in T. (V.) pauxilla) and inner gonostylus with large rostrum (small in T. (V.) pauxilla).</p><p>Etymology. The new species is named after our good friend, prominent specialist of genus Catocala (Lepidoptera) Robert Borth.</p><p>Tipula (Vestiplex) virgatula species group</p><p>The virgatula group was proposed by Savchenko (1960, 1964) with additional discussion in Dia and Theowald (1982). Males of the virgatula group are characterized by large triangular or subrectangular gonocoxite and tergite 9 with weakly modified tergal saucer. An additional feature that characterizes males of the virgatula group is the small gonapophyses (Fig. 17). Females with hypovalvae greatly reduced, tooth-shaped. The virgatula group includes the following species in China: T. (V.) aestiva Savchenko, 1960 (China), T. (V.) opilionimorpha Savchenko, 1955 (China) and T. (V.) virgatula (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, China, Russia and Mongolia).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4D2CC257FF8D7F2D19C61779442AFBBC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Starkevich, Pavel;Men, Qiu-Lei;Saldaitis, Aidas	Starkevich, Pavel, Men, Qiu-Lei, Saldaitis, Aidas (2019): Four new crane fly species of subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China. Zootaxa 4679 (1): 69-86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4679.1.4
4D2CC257FF8A7F2019C612404473FA0E.text	4D2CC257FF8A7F2019C612404473FA0E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tipula (Vestiplex) maoxianensis Starkevich & Men & Saldaitis 2019	<div><p>Tipula (Vestiplex) maoxianensis sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 9–17)</p><p>Holotype: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.714966&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.771833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.714966/lat 31.771833)">Male</a>, China, N. Sichuan, 20 km N. Maoxian, elev. 1820 m, N31°46.310’, E103°42.898’, 20.v.2017, A. Saldaitis leg., genitalia slide No. PS 0413m (NRC).</p><p>Paratypes: 3 males, topotypic, wing slide No. PS 0414m (NRC) .</p><p>Diagnosis. A medium-sized crane fly with brownish-gray thorax, yellowish-brown abdomen and yellowishbrown wing, spotted within translucent areas. Antenna, reaching the fifth abdominal segment if bent backward. Tergite 9 in the shape of a narrowed concave saucer, with main body light brown, medially with pale area, posterior margin of tergal saucer deeply emarginated, medially strongly sclerotized, anterior portion of tergal saucer raised into sclerotised border, medially interrupted by pale area. Gonocoxite in the shape of a large triangular plate, apex with black tooth. Inner gonostylus in the shape of a large plate, middorsal edge with blackened plate, upper beak sclerotised and rounded, lower beak sclerotised and swollen, both beaks separated by deep notch.</p><p>Description. Adult (Fig. 9), male (N=4). General body coloration brownish-gray. Body length 11.5–12.5 mm, wing length 13.5–14.5 mm.</p><p>Head. Brownish-gray, vertex and occiput gray pruinose, with dark brown median line. Rostrum brownishgray, nasus gray, very short. Antenna 12-segmented, reaching the fifth abdominal segment if bent backward. Scape brown, more than three times as long as pedicel, expanded apically. Pedicel brown, very short. Flagellum with first flagellomere cylindrical, entirely brown, subequal in length to second flagellomere, with subsequent flagellomeres changing to brownish-black, lighter at apex and enlarged basally, gradually shorter towards apex, basal enlargement with abundant black verticils, distinctly shorter than length of corresponding flagellomeres. Palpus black.</p><p>Thorax. Brownish-gray. Pronotum dark brown, gray pruinose. Mesonotal prescutum brown, gray pruinose with four darker indistinct longitudinal stripes. Median pair narrowly divided by brown line. Thoracic dorsum nearly bare, with very scarce short and light setae only between median and lateral stripes. Scutum dark brown, gray pruinose with two darkened spots. Scutellum and mediotergite brown, gray pruinose, with latter bearing black line medially. Pleuron dark brown, thinly dusted with gray. Leg slender, coxa brown, thinly dusted with gray, trochanter, femur and tibia brown with dark brown tips, tarsal segments dark brown. Tarsal claw simple without tooth. Wing (Fig. 10) yellowish-brown, wing cells marbled with darker spots: faint brown marks at origin of Rs and at stigmal area, with diffuse brown patches at distal and middle area of bm, with latter extended along Cu. Discal cell narrow, elongated, petiole of cell m 1 distinctly shorter than discal cell, cell m 1 more than three times as long as petiole. Halter with stem yellowish, knob dark brown.</p><p>Abdomen. Abdominal segments 1–3 yellowish-brown, gradually darker starting from segment 4. Dorsal median stripe interrupted at caudal margins of segments. Lateral stripe narrow.</p><p>Hypopygium. Yellowish-brown. Tergite 9 in the shape of narrowed concave saucer (Fig. 12). The main body of tergal saucer light brown, medially with pale area, posterior margin of tergal saucer deeply emarginated, medially strongly sclerotised; lateral angles of tergal saucer obtuse; anterior portion of tergal saucer raised into sclerotised border medially broadly interrupted by pale area. Gonocoxite in the shape of a large triangular plate, apex with black tooth (Figs 11, 14). Outer gonostylus flattened, widest at the middle with apex obtuse (Fig. 15). Inner gonostylus in the shape of large plate, middorsal edge with blackened plate, upper beak sclerotised and rounded, lower beak sclerotised and swollen, both beaks separated by deep notch (Fig. 16). Adminiculum in shape of triangular groove, broad at base and gradually narrowed to apex in dorsal view, gonapophyses short and wrinkled, adminicular rods long (Figs 13, 17). Sternite 9 with two small blackened sclerites (Fig. 13).</p><p>Comparative material examined: T. (V.) aestiva: Holotype, male, China, Qinghai, south shore of Kuku-nor lake, VIII.1901 (Kozlov); paratype, female, topotypic; paratype, male, Sogon-Gomba, I-chu river, up to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.16114&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.92564" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.16114/lat 47.92564)">Yangtze river</a>, VII.1900 (Kozlov); paratype, male, shore of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.16114&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.92564" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.16114/lat 47.92564)">Orin-nor lake</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.16114&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.92564" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.16114/lat 47.92564)">Huang-he Basin</a>, V-VI.1901 (Kozlov) (ZIN); T. (V.) longitudinalis: 1 male, 2 females, Mongolia, Chövsgöl aimak, N von Somon Chatgal am SW <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.16114&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.92564" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.16114/lat 47.92564)">Rand</a> des Sees Chövsgöl nuur, 1650 m, Exp. Dr. Z. KASZAB, Mannheims det. 1969, 18.VII.1968 (HNHM); 15 males, 1 female, Khentii Aimag, Tsenkhermandal Soum, spring headwaters Tsenkher Gol, 29 km North of Tsenkhermandal, N47.92564, E109.16114, elev. 1589 m, 23.VII.2011 (ANSP); T. (V.) opilionimorpha: Lectotype, male, China, Qinghai, valley of river Dzagyn-gol, 1–6.VII.1900 (Kozlov); paralectotypes, 1 male, 1 female, topotypic (ZIN); T. (V.) virgatula: 3 males, Mongolia, Ubruchangaj aimak, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.27559&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.35902" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.27559/lat 46.35902)">Changaj Gebirge</a>, 21 km O von somon <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.27559&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.35902" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.27559/lat 46.35902)">Narijnteel</a>, 2080 m, Exp. Dr. Z. KASZAB, 1964, 27.VI.1964 (HNHM); 5 females, Bajanchongor aimak, Changaj Gebirge, Ulaan colon, 18 km S vom Pass Egijn davaa, 2300 m, Exp. Dr. Z. KASZAB, 21.VI.1966 (HNHM); 13 males, Bayankhongor Aimag, Erdenesogt Soum, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.27559&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.35902" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.27559/lat 46.35902)">Shargaljuut</a> Gol, 10 km NE of Shargaljuut Rashaan Hot Spring, jct Ugalzyn Gol, N46.35902, E101.27559, elev. 2186 m, 4.VII.2011 (ANSP) .</p><p>Biology and distribution. Four males were collected during a single rainy night on 20 May, 2017 in a remote part of west China, Sichuan Province near the Maoxian. The new species was collected at an altitude of 1800 meters in a valley sparsely covered by mixed forests dominated by deciduous trees and bushes (Fig. 37).</p><p>Discussion. The new species is most similar to T. (V.) aestiva but differs by details of tergite 9. Tipula (V.) maoxianensis sp. nov. has tergite 9 with lateral corners rounded, while T. (V.) aestiva lateral corners obtuse and distinctly blackened. They can also be separated by antenna reaching the fifth abdominal segment in T. (V.) maoxianensis sp. nov. while antenna reach the base of the abdomen in T. (V.) aestiva .</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is a noun ‘ maoxian ’ with Latin suffix ‘ ensis ’, referring to the type locality of the new species.</p><p>Tipula (Vestiplex) divisotergata species group</p><p>The divisotergata species group was proposed by Savchenko (1964) based on the shape of the male gonocoxite and tergite 9. A list of species belonging to the divisotergata group is revised and the following species are recognized in China: T. (V.) adungensis Alexander, 1963, T. (V.) divisotergata Alexander, 1932, T. (V.) nokonis Alexander, 1928, T. (V.) rongtoensis Alexander, 1963, T. (V.) subapterogyne Alexander, 1920, T. (V.) verecunda Alexander, 1924 and T. (V.) zayulensis Alexander, 1963 . The divisotergata species group belongs to the part of T. ( Vestiplex) whose males are characterized by tergite 9 divided by a pale membrane. In this part males of the divisotergata species group can be easily recognized by simple unarmed gonocoxite, inner gonostylus has lower beak with roundly swollen area and usually well-developed dorsal lobe of appendage of sternite 9. Ventral lobes of tergite 9 appear as small narrow sclerotised plates in T. (V.) verecunda, T. (V.) adungensis, T. (V.) zayulensis, as bilobed foot-shaped structures in T. (V.) divisotergata or as pale rods in T. (V.) rongtoensis (Alexander 1932, 1963).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4D2CC257FF8A7F2019C612404473FA0E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Starkevich, Pavel;Men, Qiu-Lei;Saldaitis, Aidas	Starkevich, Pavel, Men, Qiu-Lei, Saldaitis, Aidas (2019): Four new crane fly species of subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China. Zootaxa 4679 (1): 69-86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4679.1.4
4D2CC257FF877F2119C6118445E4FEED.text	4D2CC257FF877F2119C6118445E4FEED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tipula divisotergata Alexander 1932	<div><p>Key to Chinese species of divisotergata group</p><p>Males</p><p>1. Tergite 9 without sclerotised processes on ventral side (Figs 21, 22)............. Tipula (Vestiplex) xinduqiaoensis sp. nov.</p><p>- Tergite 9 with pair of sclerotised processes on ventral side..................................................... 2</p><p>2. Tergite 9 ventrally with a pair of broadened, ear-shaped lobes (Figs 31, 32)..... Tipula (Vestiplex) auriculatalobata sp. nov.</p><p>- Tergite 9 with ventral plate not as above................................................................... 3</p><p>3. Femur with a subterminal yellow ring..................................................................... 4</p><p>- Femur without subterminal ring.......................................................................... 5</p><p>4. Flagellum with flagellomere bicolored; scape and pedicel yellow............................................... 6</p><p>- Flagellum entirely black; scape and pedicel reddish… Tipula (Vestiplex) nokonis Alexander, 1928</p><p>5. Femur with broadly blackened tip........................................................................ 7</p><p>- Femur with narrowly blackened tip................................... Tipula (Vestiplex) rongtoensis Alexander, 1963</p><p>6. Tergite 9 with ventral processes bilobed, foot-shaped. Prescutum golden-yellow, with three brown stripes............................................................................. Tipula (Vestiplex) divisotergata Alexander, 1932</p><p>- Tergite 9 with ventral processes narrowed. Prescutum light grey, with two intermediate darker grey stripes and increasingly brownish-grey laterally.............................................. Tipula (Vestiplex) zayulensis Alexander, 1963</p><p>7. Prescutum with three brownish-black stripes. Abdomen with three conspicuous dark brown stripes.................................................................................. Tipula (Vestiplex) subapterogyne Alexander, 1920</p><p>- Prescutum with four gray stripes. Abdomen with inconspicuous dorsal and lateral stripes............................ 8</p><p>8. Flagellum black. Prescutal stripes dark grey bordered by dark brown. Abdomen yellow.............................................................................................. Tipula (Vestiplex) adungensis Alexander, 1963</p><p>- Flagellum brown. Prescutal stripes gray, narrowly bordered by brown. Abdomen brownish-yellow...................................................................................... Tipula (Vestiplex) verecunda Alexander, 1924</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4D2CC257FF877F2119C6118445E4FEED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Starkevich, Pavel;Men, Qiu-Lei;Saldaitis, Aidas	Starkevich, Pavel, Men, Qiu-Lei, Saldaitis, Aidas (2019): Four new crane fly species of subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China. Zootaxa 4679 (1): 69-86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4679.1.4
4D2CC257FF867F2419C615BA4137FDAE.text	4D2CC257FF867F2419C615BA4137FDAE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tipula (Vestiplex) xinduqiaoensis Starkevich & Men & Saldaitis 2019	<div><p>Tipula (Vestiplex) xinduqiaoensis sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 18–27)</p><p>Holotype: Male, China, W. Sichuan, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.419266&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.070932" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.419266/lat 30.070932)">Xinduqiao</a>, elev. 3611 m, N30°04.256’, E101°25.156’, 14.vi.2015, A. Floriani &amp; A. Saldaitis leg., genitalia slide No. PS 0415m (NRC).</p><p>Paratypes: 8 males topotypic, genitalia slide No. PS 0416m, wing slide No. PS 0417m (NRC) .</p><p>Diagnosis. A medium-sized crane fly with brownish-gray thorax, abdomen basally yellow and apically brown, wing yellowish-brown. Antenna reaching before root of the wing if bent backward. Gonocoxite simple, unarmed. Tergite 9 with ventral blackened plates absent, only with pair of membranous lobes on ventral side. Outer gonostylus nearly parallel sided, with margin oblique. Inner gonostylus rounded, terminated in short black upper beak and lower beak surrounded by a roundly swollen area. Sternite 9 ventrally with small median tubercle; ventral lobe of A9S roughly rounded sclerite; dorsal lobe of A9S very small, reduced sclerite.</p><p>Description. Adult (Fig. 18), male (N=9). General body coloration yellowish-brown. Body length 11.3–12.9 mm, wing length 15.0– 17.7 mm.</p><p>Head. Yellowish-brown, vertex yellow, occiput yellowish-brown, gradually narrowed to vertex, forming median line. Rostrum yellowish-brown, nasus relatively elongate, brown dusted with gray. Antenna 12–segmented, reaching before root of the wing if bent backward. Scape brown, more than three times as long as pedicel, expanded apically. Pedicel yellow, very short. Flagellum brownish-black, flagellar segments with basal enlargement. Verticils subequal to length of corresponding flagellomeres. Palpus black.</p><p>Thorax. Brownish-gray. Pronotum entirely brownish-gray. Mesonotal prescutum gray pruinose with four distinct longitudinal stripes bordered by dark brown. Median pair narrowly divided by broad brown line. Thoracic dorsum nearly bare, with very scarce short and light setae only between median and lateral gray stripes. Scutum dark brown, thinly gray pruinose with two darkened spots. Scutellum and mediotergite brown, gray pruinose, former with black line medially. Pleuron dark brown, thinly dusted with gray. Leg slender, coxa brown, thinly dusted with gray, trochanter yellowish-brown, femur yellowish-brown at basal half and gradually darkened to apex, tibia brown with dark brown tip, tarsal segments dark brown. Tarsal claw simple, without tooth. Wing (Fig. 19) yellowishbrown, translucent, pterostigma slightly darker than ground color. Discal cell narrow, elongate, more than twice as long as petiole of cell m 1, cell m 1 more than three times as long as petiole. Halter with stem yellowish, knob slightly darker than stem.</p><p>Abdomen. Basal four segments yellow, gradually suffused with brown apically, with narrow lateral stripe reaching tergite 8, tergite 1 with broad median stripe.</p><p>Hypopygium. Brown. Dorsal portion of tergite 9 with deep V-shaped emargination, without pale median membrane, densely covered with many long setae on lateral corners (Fig. 21). Ventral portion with pair of membranous lobes (Fig. 22). Gonocoxite simple, unarmed (Figs 20, 21, 25). Outer gonostylus nearly parallel sided, with margin oblique (Fig. 23). Inner gonostylus in the shape of rounded sclerite, terminated into short black upper beak, lower beak surrounded by roundly swollen area (Fig. 24). Dorsal surface with many sharp spines arranged on back margin and scattered in median area; swollen area basally. Adminiculum triangular in dorsal view, apex narrowed, median sclerite inconspicuous (Figs 26, 27). Sternite 9 ventrally with small median tubercle (Fig. 20). Ventral lobe of A9S in the shape of a roughly rounded sclerite provided with setae (Figs 25–27). Dorsal lobe of A9S very small, reduced (Figs 26, 27), usually covered by surrounding barely visible sclerites.</p><p>Comparative material examined: T. (V.) adungensis: Holotype, male, N. E. Burma [Myanmar], Adung Valley, altitude 12000 feet, 10.VI.1931 (Capt. F. Kingdon Ward and Lord Cranbrook), BMNH (E)#246039 and paratype, female BMNH (E)#246040 pinned together; paratype, female, Adung Valley, altitude 9000 feet, 6.VI.1931 (Capt. F. Kingdon Ward and Lord Cranbrook), BMNH (E)#246041; paratype, female, Adung Valley, altitude 12000 feet, 26.VI.1931 (Capt. F. Kingdon Ward and Lord Cranbrook), BMNH (E)#246042 (BMNH); T. (V.) divisotergata: Holotype, male, China, Sichuan, Mount Omei, altitude 4500 feet, 17.VII.1929 (Franck); paratype, male, 23.VII.1929, topotypic (USNM); T. (V.) zayulensis: Holotype, male, China, S. E. Tibet, Ata Kang, altitude 8000 feet, 29.V.1933 (F. Kingdon Ward and R.J.H. Kaulback), BMNH (E)#246045; paratype, female, S. E. Tibet, Zayul, altitude 8000 feet, 6.VI.1933 (F. Kingdon Ward and R.J.H. Kaulback), BMNH (E)#246046; paratype, male, SE Tibet, Zayul, altitude 8000 feet, 3.VI.1933 (F. Kingdon Ward and R.J.H. Kaulback), BMNH (E)#246047; paratype, female, S. E. Tibet, Lepa Chu Valley, altitude 12000 feet, 6.VII.1935 (R.J.H. Kaulback), BMNH (E)#246048 (BMNH); T. (V.) verecunda: Holotype, male, Russia, Sakhalin, Toyohara [= Yuzno-Sakhalinsk], 16.VII.1922 (T. Esaki) (USNM); 3 males, Sakhalin, Kuznecevo, 19.VII.1953 (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.81298&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.87372" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.81298/lat 33.87372)">Violovich</a>) (ZIN); 1 male, 1 female, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.81298&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.87372" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.81298/lat 33.87372)">Kunashir island</a>, 22.VII.1988 (E. Budrys) det. S. Podenas, (MZVU); 1 male, China, Shaanxi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.81298&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.87372" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.81298/lat 33.87372)">Qinling Mts.</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.81298&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.87372" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.81298/lat 33.87372)">Hauzherza</a> vill., elev. 1600 m, N33º52.423’, E107º48.779’, 2–3.VI.2009, Saldaitis &amp; Floriani (NRC); T. (V.) nokonis: Holotype, male, Taiwan, Noko, altitude 9800 feet, 27.VI.1927 (S. Isiki) (USNM); T. (V.) subapterogyne: Holotype, male, Taiwan, Noko, 11.V.1919 (T. Shiraki); paratypes, 1 male, 1 female, topotypic (USNM) .</p><p>Biology and distribution. A total of 9 males were collected during a single cold night on 14 June, 2015 in a remote part of west China, Sichuan Province near the Xinduqiao. The new species was collected at an altitude of 3600 m in shrubby transition, dominated by willows and birches, between the mountain coniferous forest and the alpine grassland zones (Fig. 38).</p><p>Discussion. T. (V.) xinduqiaoensis sp. nov. is assigned to the divisotergata group based on the unarmed gonocoxite and shape of inner gonostylus. From all other species of divisotergata species group it differs by an absence of ventral sclerotised plates in tergite 9 and an unusually small reduced A9S dorsal lobe. It is mostly similar to T. (V.) rongtoensis whose tergite 9 ventrally has only a pale rod (Alexander 1963).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is a noun ‘ xinduqiao ’ with Latin suffix ‘ ensis ’, referring to the type locality of the new species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4D2CC257FF867F2419C615BA4137FDAE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Starkevich, Pavel;Men, Qiu-Lei;Saldaitis, Aidas	Starkevich, Pavel, Men, Qiu-Lei, Saldaitis, Aidas (2019): Four new crane fly species of subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China. Zootaxa 4679 (1): 69-86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4679.1.4
4D2CC257FF837F3819C616E442EDFACA.text	4D2CC257FF837F3819C616E442EDFACA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tipula (Vestiplex) auriculatalobata Starkevich & Men & Saldaitis 2019	<div><p>Tipula (Vestiplex) auriculatalobata sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 28–36)</p><p>Holotype: Male, China, NW Yunnan, Lijiang / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.895&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.495" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.895/lat 27.495)">Zhangdian</a>, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.895&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.495" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.895/lat 27.495)">Tuguancun</a>, elev. 3200 m, N27°29.700’, E 99°53.700’, 24–25.v.2012, A. Saldaitis leg., genitalia slide No. PS 0418m, wing slide No. PS 0419m (NRC).</p><p>Paratype: 1 male topotypic, wing slide No. PS 0420m (NRC) .</p><p>Diagnosis. A medium-sized crane fly with yellowish-brown thorax, yellow base and brown tip of abdomen and yellowish-brown wing. Antenna, reaching before base of the abdomen if bent backward. Tergite 9 ventrally with a pair of large, heavily sclerotised ear-shaped lobes. Inner gonostylus in the shape of a rounded plate, terminated into dark upper beak, lower beak is surrounded by a roundly swollen area. Gonocoxite subrectangular in outline, unarmed. Sternite 9 with dorsal lobe of A9S short, finger-shaped.</p><p>Description. Adult (Fig. 28), male (N=2). General body coloration yellowish-brown. Body length 13.0– 13.2 mm, wing length 15.5–15.7 mm.</p><p>Head. Yellowish-brown, vertex and occiput darker in coloration with dark brown median line. Rostrum yellow with ventral side darker, nasus yellow. Antenna 13-segmented, reaching before base of the abdomen if bent backward. Scape yellow, elongate, more than four times as long as pedicel, expanded apically. Pedicel yellow, very short. Flagellum brown, flagellar segments with basal enlargement. Verticils subequal to length of corresponding flagellomeres. Palpus with basal three segments yellowish-brown, apical segment black.</p><p>Thorax. Yellowish-brown. Pronotum yellowish-brown, slightly darker on ventral side. Mesonotal prescutum with three brown longitudinal stripes, median stripe very broad, expanded apically, lateral stripes elliptical, closely connected with median stripe, with many short and light setae situated between stripes. Stripes nearly cover entire prescutal dorsum. Scutum yellowish-brown with brown marking. Scutellum yellowish-brown, slightly darker medially. Postnotum entirely yellowish. Pleuron yellowish, dorsal side of anepisternum and ventral side of katepisternum suffused with brown. Leg slender, coxa and trochanter yellowish, femur brown with basal 2/5 yellowish-brown, with broad yellowish band before darkened apex, tibia and tarsal segments brown. Tarsal claw simple without tooth. Wing (Fig. 29) yellowish-brown, semitransparent, pterostigma darker than ground color. Discal cell narrow, elongate, petiole of cell m 1 subequal in length to discal cell and distinctly shorter than cell m 1. Halter with stem yellowish, knob dark brown.</p><p>Abdomen. Abdominal tergites 1–4 yellow, lateral margins narrowly suffused with brown, tergites 5–7 brown with yellow margins, sternite 1–4 entirely yellow, sternites 5–7 brown with yellow margins, abdominal segment 8 and hypopygium totally brown.</p><p>Hypopygium. Brown. Tergite 9 basally confused with sternite 9 in lateral view, entirely divided into two parts in dorsal view. Dorsal portion of tergite 9 shallowly emarginated at hind margin, with long setae on slightly extended lateral corners.Ventral side of tergite 9 with pair of large, heavily sclerotised, densely dotted ear-shaped lobes (Figs 30–32). Gonocoxite broad, subrectangular in outline, unarmed (Fig. 30). Outer gonostylus nearly oval rounded apically (Figs 30, 34). Inner gonostylus in the shape of rounded plate, terminating into dark upper beak, lower beak surrounded by roundly swollen area (Fig. 33). Dorsal surface with many sharp spines arranged on back margin and scattered in median area and with swollen area at base. Adminiculum triangular in dorsal view, apex narrowed, median sclerite well developed (Figs 35, 36). Sternite 9 with ventral lobe of A9S in the shape of roughly rounded sclerite provided with setae. Dorsal lobe of A9S short, finger-shaped, apically obtuse, provided with setae (Fig. 36).</p><p>Biology and distribution. A total of 2 males were collected during a single cold night on 25 May, 2012 in south-western China, Yunnan province, in a remote area in the Hengduan Shan (mountains) near Lijiang – Zhongdian (Fig. 39) on the eastern edge of the Tibetan plateau. The new species was collected near a small river with valley meadows and dry rocky slopes surrounded by mixed forests and wetlands. The mixed forests were dominated by broad-leaved trees including oaks ( Quercus dentata, Q. glauca), poplars ( Populus cathayana, P. simonii), elms ( Ulmus parvifolia), rhododendrons ( Rhododendron brachycarpum, R. dauricum) and pines.</p><p>Discussion. T. (V.) auriculatalobata sp. nov. is assigned to the divisotergata group on the basis of a combination of characters including unarmed gonocoxite, shape of inner gonostylus and the presence of well-developed dorsal lobe of appendage of sternite 9. It can be separated from all known species in this group by large heavily sclerotised ear-shaped ventral lobes of tergite 9.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is an adjective derived from the Latin ‘ auriculata ’ with ‘ lobata ’, referring to the presence of ear-shaped plates on tergite 9.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4D2CC257FF837F3819C616E442EDFACA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Starkevich, Pavel;Men, Qiu-Lei;Saldaitis, Aidas	Starkevich, Pavel, Men, Qiu-Lei, Saldaitis, Aidas (2019): Four new crane fly species of subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China. Zootaxa 4679 (1): 69-86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4679.1.4
