taxonID	type	description	language	source
2EE62F9EB3B757F29090E71BD64C8FA3.taxon	description	Fig. 3	en	Betters, Melissa J., Cortés, Jorge, Cordes, Erik E. (2024): New species and records of limpets (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from the Pacific Costa Rica Margin. ZooKeys 1214: 281-324, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1214.128594
2EE62F9EB3B757F29090E71BD64C8FA3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. From tubeworms, Bathyacmaea levinae sp. nov. may be diagnosed by their flat, serrated radular teeth and high, conical shells lacking any obvious axial sculpturing. On mussels, Bathyacmaea levinae sp. nov. may be diagnosed through the combination of their ovate, evenly sloped, flattened shells lacking any obvious axial sculpturing with their radular characteristics. At the time of publication, these are the only Bathyacmaea species known from the Eastern Pacific Ocean.	en	Betters, Melissa J., Cortés, Jorge, Cordes, Erik E. (2024): New species and records of limpets (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from the Pacific Costa Rica Margin. ZooKeys 1214: 281-324, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1214.128594
2EE62F9EB3B757F29090E71BD64C8FA3.taxon	description	Description. Shell (Figs 3 A, B, 5): Specimens exhibit uncoiled, patelliform shells. Holotype measures 8.1 mm in length, 5.2 mm in width, and 4.7 mm in maximum height. Shell roundness (width ÷ length) is 0.65. Shell sculpturing and ornamentation lacking but fine radial growth lines are present. Very fine axial striations present but not raised. Aperture opening is ovate and aperture lip is thick and unornamented. Shell slope is flattened to mildly convex. Shell apex is degraded and centrally located. Protoconch is unknown. Shell is thick, white, and semi-translucent. Shell microstructures are (in order from the outermost shell layer to the innermost): irregular spherulitic prismatic type-A, semi-foliated, concentric crossed lamellar structures, and radial crossed lamellar structures (Fig. 5). Soft parts (Fig. 3 C): Soft tissue is white-to-yellowish in color. Mantle is thick with a flat margin. Foot follows the shape of the shell aperture in terms of its roundness. Margin of the foot sole is flat. Pallial tentacles are lacking. Operculum is absent. Two cephalic tentacles are present which are short, thick, and placed low on the head. Bipectinate gill extends from behind animal’s right cephalic tentacle. Eyes are absent. Oral lappets are absent but the oral opening is lined with thickened tissue ornamented with very fine frilling. Radula (Fig. 3 P – R): Radula was obtained from the sequenced specimen (Fig. 3 G – I), whose shell measured 10 mm in length, 7.0 mm in width, and 6.8 mm in height. Docoglossate radula with formula 0 + 1 + 0 + 1 + 0. Radular ribbon measures ~ 240 µm across. Rachidian teeth highly diminished and obscured by laterals. Lateral teeth are long, robust, and consisting of three distinct cusps that appear to be fused together. Lateral teeth may measure up to 400 µm in length. The first, most anterior, cusp forms a single sharp hook lacking denticle. The second cusp is longer than the first and falls in line with the third cusp such that it creates one continuous ridge. Eight or nine short, sharp denticles are present on this second cusp. The third, most posterior, cusp is the longest (~ 3 × the length of the second cusp) and forms a robust, serrated ridge with 25 or more short, sharp denticles that are indistinguishable from those on the second cusp. The third cusp’s posterior end curves inward towards the radular ribbon. The connecting point of the lateral teeth to the radular ribbon is located near the posterior end of the third cusp. Marginal teeth lacking.	en	Betters, Melissa J., Cortés, Jorge, Cordes, Erik E. (2024): New species and records of limpets (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from the Pacific Costa Rica Margin. ZooKeys 1214: 281-324, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1214.128594
2EE62F9EB3B757F29090E71BD64C8FA3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Bathyacmaea levinae sp. nov. has been collected from the hydrocarbon seep sites “ Jaco Scar ” (9.12, - 84.84) and “ Quepos Seep ” (9.03, - 84.62) at the Pacific Costa Rica Margin. This species was sampled from both mussels and tubeworms between 1,400 – 1,890 m depth.	en	Betters, Melissa J., Cortés, Jorge, Cordes, Erik E. (2024): New species and records of limpets (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from the Pacific Costa Rica Margin. ZooKeys 1214: 281-324, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1214.128594
2EE62F9EB3B757F29090E71BD64C8FA3.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named for Dr. Lisa A. Levin from Scripps Institute of Oceanography for her significant contribution to deep-sea knowledge, especially in regard to hydrocarbon seeps.	en	Betters, Melissa J., Cortés, Jorge, Cordes, Erik E. (2024): New species and records of limpets (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from the Pacific Costa Rica Margin. ZooKeys 1214: 281-324, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1214.128594
730EE71893585CC38B42BA10C7AE124D.taxon	description	Fig. 10	en	Betters, Melissa J., Cortés, Jorge, Cordes, Erik E. (2024): New species and records of limpets (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from the Pacific Costa Rica Margin. ZooKeys 1214: 281-324, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1214.128594
730EE71893585CC38B42BA10C7AE124D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Cocculina methana sp. nov. may be diagnosed by its distinct golden-brown periostracum. It may be most reliably distinguished from its sister species, Cocculina japonica, through mitochondrial CO 1 barcoding.	en	Betters, Melissa J., Cortés, Jorge, Cordes, Erik E. (2024): New species and records of limpets (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from the Pacific Costa Rica Margin. ZooKeys 1214: 281-324, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1214.128594
730EE71893585CC38B42BA10C7AE124D.taxon	description	Description. Shell (Fig. 10 A – C): Specimens exhibit uncoiled, patelliform shells. Holotype measures 3.4 mm in length, 2.3 mm in width, and 1.7 mm in maximum height. Shell roundness (width ÷ length) is ~ 0.66. Fine, concentric, radial sculpturing present on shell. The aperture opening is ovate and unornamented. The aperture lip is thin, fragile, and unornamented. The shell margin is flat. Posterior shell slope is flattened while the anterior shell slope is rounded. Shell apex is posteriorly shifted. Protoconch is unknown. Shell is robust with a thick, greenish brown periostracum covering the outer shell and wrapping over the aperture lip. Soft parts (Fig. 10 C): Soft tissue is light yellow to white in color. Mantle margin is thin and irregular. One pair of posterior epipodial tentacles present. Posterior tentacles are thin, elongated, and do not taper in width towards their distal ends. Two, short, blunt cephalic tentacles are present that are slightly thicker than the epipodial tentacles. The mouth has well-developed oral lappets surrounding a starburst-shaped oral opening. External reproductive structures were not observed. Foot margin is ovate and slightly irregular. Operculum is absent. Radula (Fig. 10 I – K): Radula is rhipidoglossate. Rachidian teeth are highly diminished, lacking cusps; The rachidian teeth form a continuous, raised ridge down the center of the radula. Rachidian are flanked by three major lateral teeth on each side. Lateral teeth have spatulate cusps that decrease in size from the first to third tooth. First major lateral teeth are the broadest, having 6 – 8 rounded denticles on their cusps. Second major lateral teeth are slightly thinner, having 3 – 5 denticles on their cusps. Finally, the third major laterals are thinner than the other two, and have two or fewer denticles on their cusps. These three major laterals are followed by one minor lateral tooth, which is broader than any of the other teeth preceding it. This minor lateral tooth has a short cusp that is angled outwards with four or five blunt, rounded denticles. Each minor lateral tooth has one or two short denticles on their innermost side (raised the highest), followed by one broad, elongated denticle, and finally followed by another short denticle on its outermost, lowest side. Two sets of numerous, marginal teeth follow, set at different angles. Sets of inner marginal teeth are more or less parallel to the radular ribbon, and number 10 – 12 teeth. Each tooth has a very thin and long tooth shaft (thinner than any of the preceding teeth) and a spatulate cusp with 5 – 7 short, rounded denticles. Sets of outer marginals are set at ~ 45 ° angle to the radular ribbon, and number between 15 – 20 teeth. These outer marginals also have a thin and long tooth shaft with spatulate cusps. These cusps, however, are decorated with ~ 24 thin, bristle-like denticles (~ 12 on each side of the cusp).	en	Betters, Melissa J., Cortés, Jorge, Cordes, Erik E. (2024): New species and records of limpets (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from the Pacific Costa Rica Margin. ZooKeys 1214: 281-324, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1214.128594
730EE71893585CC38B42BA10C7AE124D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Cocculina methana sp. nov. is confirmed from the hydrocarbon seep sites Quepos Seep (9.03, - 84.62), Mound 12 (8.93, - 84.31), Jaco Scar (9.12, - 84.84), and Mound Jaguar (9.66, - 85.88) at the Pacific Costa Rica Margin. This species was sampled from clam shells, wood, tubeworms, and bone between 1,408 – 2,000 m depth. These are among the deepest-known Cocculina.	en	Betters, Melissa J., Cortés, Jorge, Cordes, Erik E. (2024): New species and records of limpets (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from the Pacific Costa Rica Margin. ZooKeys 1214: 281-324, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1214.128594
730EE71893585CC38B42BA10C7AE124D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name methana refers to the occurrence of this species at a hydrocarbon seep site. This habitat type is notable, as all other known species of Cocculina occur at either inactive hydrothermal vents or organic falls.	en	Betters, Melissa J., Cortés, Jorge, Cordes, Erik E. (2024): New species and records of limpets (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from the Pacific Costa Rica Margin. ZooKeys 1214: 281-324, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1214.128594
382DF24A71EA5C3482B65CBD31C5BA5D.taxon	description	Fig. 9	en	Betters, Melissa J., Cortés, Jorge, Cordes, Erik E. (2024): New species and records of limpets (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from the Pacific Costa Rica Margin. ZooKeys 1214: 281-324, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1214.128594
6A7CCB6C9F96562592209EAB3AA0D7C8.taxon	description	Fig. 6	en	Betters, Melissa J., Cortés, Jorge, Cordes, Erik E. (2024): New species and records of limpets (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from the Pacific Costa Rica Margin. ZooKeys 1214: 281-324, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1214.128594
6A7CCB6C9F96562592209EAB3AA0D7C8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Paralepetopsis variabilis sp. nov. may be diagnosed by their ovate, white, semi-translucent shells showing fine, radial growth rings. This species also exhibits two cephalic tentacles which are short (they do not extend past the outer shell margin) and placed low on the head. Soft tissue is whiteish-yellow in color. However, the most reliable way to diagnose Paralepetopsis variabilis sp. nov. is through DNA characterization, as morphology is highly variable within this species and intersects with other known species in the genus.	en	Betters, Melissa J., Cortés, Jorge, Cordes, Erik E. (2024): New species and records of limpets (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from the Pacific Costa Rica Margin. ZooKeys 1214: 281-324, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1214.128594
6A7CCB6C9F96562592209EAB3AA0D7C8.taxon	description	Description. Shell (Fig. 6 A, B): Specimen exhibits uncoiled, patelliform shell. Holotype measures 6.8 mm in length, 4.1 mm in width, and 2.9 mm in maximum height. Shell roundness (width ÷ length) is ~ 0.61. Shell sculpturing and ornamentation lacking but fine radial growth lines are present. Aperture opening is ovate and aperture lip is thin and unornamented. Shell apex is degraded and anteriorly shifted. Anterior and posterior shell slopes are flattened to mildly convex. Shell is very thin, white, and semi-translucent. Soft parts (Fig. 6 C): Soft tissue is white to yellowish in color. Mantle is thick with a mildly crumpled margin. Foot follows the shape of the shell aperture in terms of its roundness. Margin of the foot sole is flat. Pallial tentacles are lacking. Operculum is absent. Two cephalic tentacles are present which are short, thick, and placed low on the head. Eyes are absent. Very reduced oral lappets are present, as well as thickened tissue around the mouth ornamented with very fine frilling. The animal’s head has a slight brownish coloration and a high profile. Radula (Fig. 6 S): Docoglossate radula with formula 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2. Rachidian teeth have long shapes, with large triangular cusps at their anterior ends lacking serration. Rachidian teeth are flanked on either side by a pair of minor lateral teeth that are similar in shape to the rachidian. These two minor laterals also have triangular cusps lacking serrations and are slightly rotated inwards. The third (major) lateral tooth is distinct from the other two laterals, in that its cusp is very broad, flat, and perpendicular to the radular ribbon with 9 – 13 small serrations along its edge. These serrations become less pronounced near the tooth’s outer end. These major laterals are not in line with the others, being set slightly lower, approximately midway between the rows of rachidian and minor lateral teeth. There are two marginal teeth set on the outer edge and just below the major laterals. Marginals have very short, semi-lunate cusps that lack serrations. First outer marginals are ~ 2 × the size of the second outer marginals.	en	Betters, Melissa J., Cortés, Jorge, Cordes, Erik E. (2024): New species and records of limpets (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from the Pacific Costa Rica Margin. ZooKeys 1214: 281-324, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1214.128594
6A7CCB6C9F96562592209EAB3AA0D7C8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Paralepetopsis variabilis sp. nov. has been collected from the hydrocarbon seep sites “ Jaco Scar ” (9.12, - 84.84), “ Quepos Seep ” (9.03, - 84.62), “ Mound 11 ” (8.92, - 84.31), and “ Mound 12 ” (8.93, - 84.31) from the Pacific Costa Rica Margin. This species was sampled from mussels, tubeworms, and rocks between 995 – 1,860 m depth. Specimens have also been found and genetically characterized from a Pescadero Basin hydrocarbon seep site (23.64, - 108.39), collected by the ROV Tiburon during dive # 756 from below 2000 meters depth.	en	Betters, Melissa J., Cortés, Jorge, Cordes, Erik E. (2024): New species and records of limpets (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from the Pacific Costa Rica Margin. ZooKeys 1214: 281-324, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1214.128594
6A7CCB6C9F96562592209EAB3AA0D7C8.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name variabilis is Latin for variable, referring to the notable and confounding shell variation observed in this species.	en	Betters, Melissa J., Cortés, Jorge, Cordes, Erik E. (2024): New species and records of limpets (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from the Pacific Costa Rica Margin. ZooKeys 1214: 281-324, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1214.128594
A2E73FCAACEB5D098EE72537F43F187D.taxon	description	Fig. 9	en	Betters, Melissa J., Cortés, Jorge, Cordes, Erik E. (2024): New species and records of limpets (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from the Pacific Costa Rica Margin. ZooKeys 1214: 281-324, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1214.128594
A2E73FCAACEB5D098EE72537F43F187D.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Pseudolepetodrilus costaricensis sp. nov.	en	Betters, Melissa J., Cortés, Jorge, Cordes, Erik E. (2024): New species and records of limpets (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from the Pacific Costa Rica Margin. ZooKeys 1214: 281-324, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1214.128594
A2E73FCAACEB5D098EE72537F43F187D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Pseudolepetodrilus gen. nov. have a complete shell with fine radial and concentric sculptures, penis originating at the right side of the head, and three pairs of posterior epipodial tentacles.	en	Betters, Melissa J., Cortés, Jorge, Cordes, Erik E. (2024): New species and records of limpets (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from the Pacific Costa Rica Margin. ZooKeys 1214: 281-324, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1214.128594
A2E73FCAACEB5D098EE72537F43F187D.taxon	description	Description. Shell (Fig. 9 G, H): Specimens exhibit patelliform shells with moderate elevation. Apex of shell is located at the posterior end of the shell. Fine concentric radial sculpturing and axial sculpturing present. The aperture and shell margin are ovate and unornamented. Shell is robust with a thick, greenish brown periostracum covering the outer shell and wrapping over the aperture lip. Soft parts (Fig. 9 I, M): One pair of short cephalic tentacles are located on the head. One pair of epipodial tentacles are located approximately midway down the foot, with one tentacle present on either side of the organism. Three pairs of epipodial tentacles are present at the posterior end of the organism. These posterior tentacles are short and thin; They do not extend past the shell margin. A thick, triangular penis extends from beneath the right cephalic tentacle. Mouth is V-shaped. Oral lappets are lacking. Radula (Fig. 9 N, O): Radula is rhipidoglossate in configuration and is symmetrical. Rachidian tooth is sharp and triangular, lacking denticles. One broad, major lateral tooth on either side of the rachidian flanked by four minor lateral teeth all with triangular cusps: Numerous (15 +) marginal teeth flank the minor lateral teeth on either side, each exhibiting spatulate cusps with short denticles.	en	Betters, Melissa J., Cortés, Jorge, Cordes, Erik E. (2024): New species and records of limpets (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from the Pacific Costa Rica Margin. ZooKeys 1214: 281-324, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1214.128594
A2E73FCAACEB5D098EE72537F43F187D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The generic name means false (pseudo) Lepetodrilus, given its close physical resemblance to species of the genus Lepetodrilus.	en	Betters, Melissa J., Cortés, Jorge, Cordes, Erik E. (2024): New species and records of limpets (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from the Pacific Costa Rica Margin. ZooKeys 1214: 281-324, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1214.128594
61CB524EBC045225BD2836E00EC5EC20.taxon	description	Fig. 9	en	Betters, Melissa J., Cortés, Jorge, Cordes, Erik E. (2024): New species and records of limpets (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from the Pacific Costa Rica Margin. ZooKeys 1214: 281-324, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1214.128594
61CB524EBC045225BD2836E00EC5EC20.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Pseudolepetodrilus costaricensis sp. nov. can be diagnosed by their unique “ wing-shaped ” first major lateral tooth on their radula and through genetic characterization of the mitochondrial CO 1 gene.	en	Betters, Melissa J., Cortés, Jorge, Cordes, Erik E. (2024): New species and records of limpets (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from the Pacific Costa Rica Margin. ZooKeys 1214: 281-324, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1214.128594
61CB524EBC045225BD2836E00EC5EC20.taxon	description	Description. Shell (Fig. 9 G, H): Specimens exhibit patelliform shells with very small, truncated whorl at the posterior end of the shell. Holotype measures 3.7 mm in length, 2.8 mm in width, and 1.3 mm in maximum height. Shell roundness (width ÷ length) is ~ 0.75. Sinuous, concentric radial sculpturing present on shell with fine axial striations which intersect the radial sculpture to form very small, raised bumps. The aperture opening is ovate and unornamented. The aperture lip is thick and unornamented. The shell margin is flat. Posterior shell slope is flattened while the anterior shell slope is rounded. Shell apex is posteriorly shifted. Shell is robust with a thick, greenish brown periostracum covering the outer shell and wrapping over the aperture lip. Soft parts (Fig. 9 I, M): Soft tissue is light greenish-to-yellowish in color. Mantle margin is thick and irregular and envelopes the body tissue. Three pairs of posterior epipodial tentacles are present. These tentacles descend in length, with the most anterior one being the longest and the most posterior one being the shortest. Posterior tentacles do not extend past the mantle margin. Two broad, fleshy, anterior tentacles are located approximately midway up and on either side of the foot margin. Two cephalic tentacles are present that are fleshy and triangular in shape and thicker than the epipodial tentacles. The mouth has a distinctive Y-shaped opening lacking thickened tissue. Elongated oral lappets are present. The penis originates from below the right cephalic tentacle. Operculum is absent. Radula (Fig. 9 N, O): Rhipidoglossate radula. Rachidian teeth have very short shafts and sharp, triangular cusps. The anterior end of each cusp is flat while the pointed ends lack denticles. Rachidian teeth are flanked by one major lateral tooth on each side. Major laterals have broad, wing-shaped cusps that extend higher than the rachidian teeth. The outer edges of these cusps are serrated with ~ 16 short denticles. Three minor laterals follow which have long, sharp, triangular cusps whose outer edge is serrated with short denticles, but whose inner edges are not. The anterior edge of these minor laterals is slightly convex. The fourth, minor lateral teeth also have long, sharp, triangular cusps like the preceding three, but with serrations along both their inner and outer edges. Marginal teeth number ≥ 15 and exhibit rounded, spatulate cusps that are lined with ~ 40 denticles each. Denticles on each marginal tooth are elongated posteriorly and shorten as one moves anteriorly. Marginal cusps are located at the anterior end of a long, thin tooth shaft which connects to the radular ribbon at its base. Morphological transitions between major laterals, minor laterals, and marginal teeth are continuous.	en	Betters, Melissa J., Cortés, Jorge, Cordes, Erik E. (2024): New species and records of limpets (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from the Pacific Costa Rica Margin. ZooKeys 1214: 281-324, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1214.128594
61CB524EBC045225BD2836E00EC5EC20.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Pseudolepetodrilus costaricensis sp. nov. is confirmed from the hydrocarbon seep sites “ Jaco Scar ” (9.12, - 84.84) at the Pacific Costa Rica Margin. This species was sampled from tubeworms at 1,760 m depth.	en	Betters, Melissa J., Cortés, Jorge, Cordes, Erik E. (2024): New species and records of limpets (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from the Pacific Costa Rica Margin. ZooKeys 1214: 281-324, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1214.128594
61CB524EBC045225BD2836E00EC5EC20.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name costaricensis refers to the Pacific Costa Rica Margin, the geographic location where this species, and its genus, was first discovered.	en	Betters, Melissa J., Cortés, Jorge, Cordes, Erik E. (2024): New species and records of limpets (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from the Pacific Costa Rica Margin. ZooKeys 1214: 281-324, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1214.128594
7269015F784A59C0BEA97186D71ECFBF.taxon	description	Fig. 8	en	Betters, Melissa J., Cortés, Jorge, Cordes, Erik E. (2024): New species and records of limpets (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from the Pacific Costa Rica Margin. ZooKeys 1214: 281-324, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1214.128594
