taxonID	type	description	language	source
481587DFFFADFFE28C00FBB52E5BF26E.taxon	description	Figure 1 a, b	en	Watson, Jeanette E. (2019): Bathyal and abyssal hydroids (Hydrozoa, Leptothecata) from southeastern Australia. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 78: 65-72, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2019.78.04, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2019.78.04
481587DFFFADFFE28C00FBB52E5BF26E.taxon	description	Description. A small infertile colony 30 mm long with remnant hydrorhizal stolons. Stem fascicled, polysiphonic tubes thin, irregularly parallel, of same diameter as stolon. Hydrothecae given off all around stem, tubular, a sharp outward bend in hydrotheca at junction of abcauline wall with stem; some hydrothecae widening almost imperceptibly to margin. Margin circular, everted, rim minutely outrolled; margin usually with many replications. Perisarc throughout (preserved material) thin and lax. Remarks. The strengthening buttresses reported in Acryptolaria angulata by Vervoort and Watson (2003) are actually abcauline intrathecal septa; these do not occur in the present specimen. Septae probably develop to strengthen the hydrotheca in strong water movement, not encountered by specimens in quieter deep-water conditions. The marginal replications of the hydrothecae considerably extends their length. Distribution. A widespread deep-water species recorded from the Indian Ocean, New Caledonia and rarely, New Zealand. The deepest previous record for the species is 913 m at the Kermadec Ridge.	en	Watson, Jeanette E. (2019): Bathyal and abyssal hydroids (Hydrozoa, Leptothecata) from southeastern Australia. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 78: 65-72, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2019.78.04, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2019.78.04
481587DFFFACFFE28FBAFDA32B9BF3A9.taxon	description	Description. Small lax colonies to several centimetres high; some colonies fertile. Colonies fasciculated basally, ultimate branches monosiphonic. Hydrothecae numerous, tubular, given off from around branches in fasciculated sections, more or less subalternate on monosiphonic branches. Hydrotheca adherent to branch for more than half of length, abcauline wall variably concave, adcauline wall convex, curving smoothly outwards, free wall shorter than adnate wall. Hydrotheca narrowing basally but without floor. Margin circular, not everted, without replications. Gonothecae large, sausage-shaped, adnate to outer stem tubes, body narrow proximally, becoming tubular, abcauline wall minutely wrinkled, orifice wide, circular, upturned to varying degrees. Perisarc soft and thin throughout, colour (preserved material) grey. Remarks. Without a discernible floor, the length of the hydrothecae is highly variable, making it difficult to provide a precise estimate of length.	en	Watson, Jeanette E. (2019): Bathyal and abyssal hydroids (Hydrozoa, Leptothecata) from southeastern Australia. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 78: 65-72, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2019.78.04, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2019.78.04
481587DFFFACFFE28FBAFDA32B9BF3A9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australia (type locality), Sierra Leone, Azores, Tierra del Fuego, Peru, Antarctic.	en	Watson, Jeanette E. (2019): Bathyal and abyssal hydroids (Hydrozoa, Leptothecata) from southeastern Australia. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 78: 65-72, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2019.78.04, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2019.78.04
481587DFFFACFFE18C18FBB82E79F292.taxon	description	4 ACE- 8 F 5 C- 91 F 9963120 B 8 Figure 1 f Record. QM G 337336. Holotype, one microslide. Coll: eastern Bass Strait, Victoria, 39.552 S, 149.553 E to 39.496 S, 149.598 E, 4197 – 4133 m, beam trawl, 23 / 05 / 2017. Description. Five stolonal hydrothecae creeping on stem of an antipatharian. Colony entangled with remnants of an unidentifiable anthoathecate hydroid. Hydrorhizal stolon smooth, thin. Pedicel of hydrotheca short, smooth, curved, passing upwards to diaphragm. Hydrothecae tubular, very large, slightly asymmetrical or symmetrical, adcauline side convex to above diaphragm, walls smooth to margin. Diaphragm a barely discernible transverse or slightly oblique ring. Margin circular, slightly everted, one hydrotheca with two widely separated marginal replications. Perisarc very thin, smooth. Remarks. One hydrotheca contains approximately 10 degenerated tentacles indicating that the structure it is not an empty gonotheca. The unsegmented hydrothecal pedicel is very short, and in some hydrothecae it is slightly curved to accommodate the asymmetry of the hydrotheca. The diaphragm varies from a membranous to a thin perisarcal ring. Three genera considered were Hebella, Halisiphonia and Scandia; the latter two genera were rejected because they have long hydrothecal pedicels.	en	Watson, Jeanette E. (2019): Bathyal and abyssal hydroids (Hydrozoa, Leptothecata) from southeastern Australia. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 78: 65-72, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2019.78.04, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2019.78.04
481587DFFFACFFE18C18FBB82E79F292.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name alludes to the large hydrotheca compared with that of H. plana.	en	Watson, Jeanette E. (2019): Bathyal and abyssal hydroids (Hydrozoa, Leptothecata) from southeastern Australia. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 78: 65-72, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2019.78.04, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2019.78.04
481587DFFFAFFFE18FA5F98C2B1CF528.taxon	description	Figure 2 a, b	en	Watson, Jeanette E. (2019): Bathyal and abyssal hydroids (Hydrozoa, Leptothecata) from southeastern Australia. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 78: 65-72, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2019.78.04, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2019.78.04
481587DFFFAFFFE18FA5F98C2B1CF528.taxon	description	Description. A broken, heavily fascicled and twisted stem originally about 15 mm long and one stem fragment 8 mm long with one undamaged hydrotheca. Polysiphonic stem tubes parallel, giving off flaccid monosiphonic branches. Branch internodes long, thin, cylindrical, nodes transverse, narrow, a tumescence above and below node; one or two alternate hydrothecae on internode. Hydrotheca about halfway along internode, inserted on an inflated apophysis, distal node of apophysis transverse. Pedicel of hydrotheca of one long, rarely two or three cylindrical segments expanding distally to diaphragm. Diaphragm a thin perisarcal ring situated high in hydrotheca; walls of hydrotheca above diaphragm more or less cylindrical or expanding a little to margin. Margin circular, transverse to hydrothecal axis, some slightly inclined, rim everted, often with several strong replications. Perisarc of polysiphonic tubes thick, hydrocladia thinner, hydrothecae fragile, mostly broken. Remarks. Zygophylax concinna was first recorded from a fine sandy bottom at a depth of 100 m off Sydney, New South Wales (Ritchie 1911). Ritchie’s small colony (Ritchie 1911, pl. 88, fig. 3) was probably young. The present specimens are probably parts of much larger complexly branched colonies; otherwise the material generally conforms to Ritchie’s description of Z. concinna. Distribution. New South Wales, Australia. This is the second record of the species.	en	Watson, Jeanette E. (2019): Bathyal and abyssal hydroids (Hydrozoa, Leptothecata) from southeastern Australia. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 78: 65-72, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2019.78.04, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2019.78.04
481587DFFFAFFFE78C00F9182C1EF6F0.taxon	description	421 C- 928 A-CA 2 C 1 FB 84 A 30 Figure 2 c, d Record. QM G 337425. Holotype, one microslide. Coll: near Flinders Island, eastern Bass Strait, Victoria, 40.386 S, 148.928 E to 40.383 S, 148.951 E, 932 – 1151 m, beam trawl, 21 / 05 / 2017. Description. A branched stem fragment 5 mm long with four alternate branches on each side; stem and branches monosiphonic. Two tubular subopposite hydrothecae on stem internode, adcauline walls separated, nodes strong, transverse, deeply indented. Apophysis long, narrowing distally to transverse node, an axillar hydrotheca pointing along hydrocladium. First branch internode long, athecate, expanding slightly to a strong opposed V-shaped joint. Branch internodes same as stem, nodes may be absent but where present transverse to slightly oblique, strongly contracted. Hydrothecae opposite, tubular, base of one hydrotheca usually slightly downwardly displaced with respect to that opposite. Lower adcauline wall of each pair adnate, wall straight to weakly convex basally, the convexity increasing towards free wall; free wall weakly convex or concave to margin. Abcauline wall smoothly concave, some walls slightly bulging just above base. Floor transverse to internode, a small downward septum from adnate wall passing into internode. Margin deep saddle-shaped, flanked by a pair of long, sharp lateral cusps. Perisarc thick, colour (preserved material) shining golden brown. Remarks. The fragment is probably an apical branch of a larger colony. The hydrothecae closely resemble Amphisbetia minima (Thompson, 1879), a common shallow water species in Australia and New Zealand. A. minima invariably has short unbranched stems unlike the branching habit of A. ramifera. In colony size and branching habit, A. ramifera resembles Amphisbetia maplestonei (Bale, 1884) but in contrast to A. maplestonei the hydrocladial hydrothecae of A. ramifera are in contact with each other, do not have an abcauline intrathecal septum and the marginal cusps are much more prominent. No other Australian species of Amphisbetia has the smoothly outward-curved hydrothecae and such prominent marginal cusps as A. ramifera.	en	Watson, Jeanette E. (2019): Bathyal and abyssal hydroids (Hydrozoa, Leptothecata) from southeastern Australia. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 78: 65-72, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2019.78.04, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2019.78.04
481587DFFFA9FFE78FA5F8E32A66F72E.taxon	description	4156 - AB 1 E- 1 F 03 B 1 D 2 C 408 Figure 2 e, f Record. QM G 337453. Holotype, one microslide. Coll: Coral Sea, Queensland, 23.7503 S, 154.5718 E to 23.7739 S, 154.5464 E 2093 – 2156 m, Brenke epibenthic sled, 14 / 06 / 2017. QM G 337985. Paratype, one microslide from holotype colony. Description. Infertile colony 90 mm long, broken in two. Hydrorhiza comprising a group of smooth tubular stolons coalescing to form parallel polysiphonic tubes of lower stem. Colony with three primary branches on upper stem section. Branches monosiphonic, cylindrical, with a row of up to 15 nematothecae below first hydrocladium. Hydrocladia with many hydrothecae. Hydrocladium long, lax, apophysis large, distal node oblique, two nematothecae in a line below hydrocladium and one beside axil. Hydrocladial internode narrow, node distinct, slightly oblique, two partial septa passing into internode from base of hydrotheca, one below hydranth, the other about halfway along internode. Hydrotheca occupying much of internode, slipper-shaped, abcauline and adcauline hydrothecal walls gently convex, adcauline wall fully adnate to internode. Margin slightly oblique to internode axis, anterior cusp tongue-shaped, followed by two moderately pointed cusps then three indefinite low cusps, interspaces between very shallow. Median nematotheca digitate, very short, almost entirely adnate to hydrotheca, terminal orifice small, pointing upwards, open down to hydrotheca. Lateral nematotheca tubular, just reaching margin of hydrotheca, orifice sinusoidal down to internode. Cauline nematothecae the same as laterals. Hydranth with approximately 10 tentacles, hypostome mound-shaped. Perisarc moderately thick throughout colony. Remarks. Unfortunately the preserved colony was not examined in detail prior to mounting. Its position on the microslide now prevents determination of whether the hydrocladia were spirally arranged. Its close resemblance to Lytocarpia spiralis (Totton, 1930) suggests that the hydrocladia may be spirally arranged. The hydrothecae are much smaller and the marginal cusps less prominent than in L. spiralis (see Vervoort and Watson 2003). Lytocarpia parvispiralis is clearly an abyssal congener of L. spiralis, a species common around New Zealand to depths of 1126 m. Etymology. The name alludes to the smaller size of L. parvispiralis compared to its close congener L. spiralis.	en	Watson, Jeanette E. (2019): Bathyal and abyssal hydroids (Hydrozoa, Leptothecata) from southeastern Australia. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 78: 65-72, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2019.78.04, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2019.78.04
