taxonID	type	description	language	source
4951878FFFDD6B4E618BFA80EEDB1A43.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Phaciocephalus parishi Muir 1918	en	Bahder, Brian W., Barrantes, Edwin A., Zumbado Echavarria, Marco A., Helmick, Ericka E., Bartlett, Charles R. (2022): A new species of planthopper in the genus Anchimothon (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Derbidae) on palms from Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5169 (4): 359-370, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5169.4.5
4951878FFFDD6B4E618BFA80EEDB1A43.taxon	diagnosis	Amended Diagnosis. Robust, moderate sized (5 – 7 mm, with wings) cenchreine derbids. Head smoothly rounded in lateral view, slightly projecting beyond eyes, in dorsal view much narrower than pronotum. Vertex roughly trapezoidal in dorsal view, broader at base than along midline, narrowing apically, apex concave (transverse apical carina absent) and posterior margin concave, lateral carinae foliate and raised (vertex medially concave), bearing 2 rows of pits, median carina obsolete. Frons compressed and relatively broad (narrower than Herpis Stål, 1862 and Oropuna Fennah, 1952; broader than Agoo, comparable to Omolicna), narrowest between eyes, broadest slightly above frontoclypeal suture; lateral carinae foliate (contiguous with vertex), bearing a row of pits (with partial second row in widest portions); frons medially concave, median carina absent. Frontoclypeal suture approximately straight, clypeus elongate-triangular, bearing median carinae. Antennae short, scape very short, pedicle spheroid, bearing sensory plaques, flagellum bristle-like with bulbous base. Lateral ocelli distinct, in front of and slightly below antennae. Pronotum along midline slightly narrower than frons, anterior margin following contours of head, posterior margin broadly concave, in lateral view, pronotum distinctly inclined posteriorly; paranota strongly foliate behind antennae, foliate margins, in frontal view, greatly exceeding antennae. Mesonotum along midline much longer than combined vertex and pronotum, width subequal to pronotum, tricarinate. Tegmina with subcostal cell long (vs. Cenchrea Westwood, 1840). Pygofer narrowly quadrate in lateral view, medioventral process of pygofer large and elongate, longer than broad, apically rounded or truncate. Gonostyli elongate, in ventral view with mesally directed quadrate lobe proximally, apex medially curved and pointed. Aedeagus bilaterally asymmetrical, shaft in lateral view weakly upturned, generally bearing a variably bifid process on right lateral side and simple process on left lateral side and complex apical retrorse endosoma and processes. Anal tube elongate and slender (vs. Omolicna).	en	Bahder, Brian W., Barrantes, Edwin A., Zumbado Echavarria, Marco A., Helmick, Ericka E., Bartlett, Charles R. (2022): A new species of planthopper in the genus Anchimothon (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Derbidae) on palms from Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5169 (4): 359-370, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5169.4.5
4951878FFFDD6B4E618BFA80EEDB1A43.taxon	discussion	Remarks. There are currently 11 genera represented in New World Cenchreini. Anchimothon can be diagnosed most readily from Herpis and Oropuna by having a narrower and more strongly concave frons (lacking a median carina). The frons of Anchimothon is broader than Agoo, Cenanges Fennah, 1952 and Contigucephalus Caldwell, 1944. The head of Anchimothon, in lateral view, is smoothly rounded, not projected (as in Persis Stål, 1862, subgenus Persis) or obtusely angle (unlike Neocenchrea Metcalf, 1923 and Persis subgenera Anapersis Fennah, 1952 and Eritalaena Fennah, 1952), with foliately lateral carinae on the vertex. The genera Cenchrea and Tico are smaller than Anchimothon (~ 3 mm vs ~ 6 mm), have fewer closed cells in the forewing (e. g., cell C 3 aa is present in Anchimothon, absent in Tico and Cenchrea) and the medioventral lobe of the pygofer is present in Anchimothon, absent in Tico and Cenchrea. The genus Omolicna is the most similar genus diagnostically and phylogenetically. Omolicna, as currently comprised, varies and may be heterogeneous. Compared with Omolinca proxima Fennah, 1945, Anchimothon has the anterior margin of the vertex in dorsal view concave with the transverse carinae at the head apex absent (in Omolicna apex of vertex straight, transverse carina present). In Anchimothon, the medioventral lobe of the pygofer is large and apically rounded or truncate, lacking lateral projections, whereas in Omolicna the medioventral process usually has lateral projections (usually near apex, but sometimes near base, but there may be exceptions), gonostyli in ventral view with proximate quadrate median lobe (varied in Omolicna). The definitive feature is that in Anchimothon the anal tube is relatively slender and elongate (exceeding the gonostyli), versus shorter and stouter in Omolicna and Anchimothon bears a bifid process on the right lateral side of aedeagal shaft. Fennah (1952) noted that the aedeagus of Anchimothon parishi was symmetrical (noted also by Caldwell 1944) and attributed this feature to the genus, but the processes of the endosoma and aedeagal shaft are asymmetrical.	en	Bahder, Brian W., Barrantes, Edwin A., Zumbado Echavarria, Marco A., Helmick, Ericka E., Bartlett, Charles R. (2022): A new species of planthopper in the genus Anchimothon (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Derbidae) on palms from Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5169 (4): 359-370, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5169.4.5
4951878FFFDD6B4E618BFA80EEDB1A43.taxon	description	Key to species of Anchimothon (males)	en	Bahder, Brian W., Barrantes, Edwin A., Zumbado Echavarria, Marco A., Helmick, Ericka E., Bartlett, Charles R. (2022): A new species of planthopper in the genus Anchimothon (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Derbidae) on palms from Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5169 (4): 359-370, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5169.4.5
4951878FFFDA6B43618BF962E92C1E35.taxon	description	(Figures 2 – 6)	en	Bahder, Brian W., Barrantes, Edwin A., Zumbado Echavarria, Marco A., Helmick, Ericka E., Bartlett, Charles R. (2022): A new species of planthopper in the genus Anchimothon (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Derbidae) on palms from Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5169 (4): 359-370, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5169.4.5
4951878FFFDA6B43618BF962E92C1E35.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. La Selva Biological Station, Heredia, Costa Rica.	en	Bahder, Brian W., Barrantes, Edwin A., Zumbado Echavarria, Marco A., Helmick, Ericka E., Bartlett, Charles R. (2022): A new species of planthopper in the genus Anchimothon (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Derbidae) on palms from Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5169 (4): 359-370, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5169.4.5
4951878FFFDA6B43618BF962E92C1E35.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A dark species (vs. congeners) with head and prothorax light orange, washed fuscous posterior, legs nearly white, wings nearly black. Medioventral process of pygofer broad, apically truncate. Gonostyli (ventral view) with proximal medial lobes in form of broad hooks. Bifid process on aedeagus shaft on right lateral side (near midlength) with obtusely rounded apex of ventral process, single, small process on left lateral side. Anal tube (in lateral view) with lobe on ventral margin, apex (formed by distal lateral margins) elongate and strongly downcurved with distinctive anterior inflection in apical third.	en	Bahder, Brian W., Barrantes, Edwin A., Zumbado Echavarria, Marco A., Helmick, Ericka E., Bartlett, Charles R. (2022): A new species of planthopper in the genus Anchimothon (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Derbidae) on palms from Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5169 (4): 359-370, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5169.4.5
4951878FFFDA6B43618BF962E92C1E35.taxon	description	Description. Color. General body color fuscous, head bright yellow-orange, frons medially darker orange with lateral carinae brown, prothorax yellow-orange, washed with fuscous medially on pronotum; mesonotum brownish orange with reddish hints, especially along carinae. Wings, dark fuscous to black, paler along margins and clavus, veins at apex red, distal portion of costal cell and subcostal cell yellow, A 1 vein and anal cells yellow, becoming red distally. Structure. Body length (with wings), male 5.01 – 5.02 mm (n = 9; Table 1). Head. In dorsal view, head much narrower than pronotum, vertex trapezoidal, narrowing distally concave at anterior and posterior margins basal width about 2 x as wide as distal margin, wider than long at midline, lateral carinae foliate, bearing two rows of large pits, disc of vertex concave (Fig. 3 A). In frontal view, transverse carina lacking at fastigium, frons laterally keeled (keels contiguous with vertex), narrowest at fastigium, slightly expanding ventrally, widest a little above frontoclypeal suture, then narrowed to frontoclypeal suture; median carina absent, lateral margin bearing irregular sized row of pits (plus partial second row) along entire length of lateral margins (Fig. 3 B). Head in lateral view, rounded, somewhat projecting in front of eyes (Fig. 3 C). Compound eyes ventrocaudally emarginated for antennae. Antennae short, scape ring-like, pedicle spheroid bearing irregularly arranged sensory plaques, flagellum elongate, bristle-like with bulbous base. Lateral ocelli distinct, located slightly in front of and below antennae. Thorax. In dorsal view, pronotum about twice as wide as head (subequal to mesonotum), at midline about ¾ length of vertex; anterior margin of prothorax moderately convex (following contours of posterior margin of head), posterior margin concave (Fig. 3 A); in lateral view, paranota of prothorax greatly foliate forming cup-like structures behind antennae (Fig. 3 C); in frontal view, foliate expansions greatly exceeding antennae, apex nearly quadrate (Fig. 3 B). Mesonotum in dorsal view about as wide as long (subequal in width to pronotum), tricarinate, lateral carinae subparallel, sinuate, all carinae extending nearly to posteriorly margin, becoming obsolete posteriorly; two indistinct spurious carinae extending from near midlength of lateral carinae to lateral corners of mesonotal margin (evident also in lateral view), in lateral view, mesonotum arched (Fig. 3 C). Tegulae large and conspicuous (Fig. 3 A). Spinulation of hind tibia, basitarsus, and second tarsomere 5 - 6 - 6. Forewing (Fig. 4) with tubercles along composite vein Sc + R (+ M) and A 1 veins (and faintly along portion of costal near apex of Sc). Apex of clavus near wing midlength (about at level of Sc apex). Fork of Sc + RA from RP in basal quarter of wing, creating a very long C 1 cell. Sc reaching wing margin just past wing midlength creating a relatively short cell between apices of Sc and RA (the ‘ subcostal cell’ of Fennah 1952). Vein branching pattern RA 1 - branched, RP 3 - branched, MP 5 - branched, CuA 2 - branched. In clavus, CuP fused with Pcu near claval midlength with A 1 joining composite vein much closer to claval apex, composite vein intercepting icu near wing apex (as similar claval vein arrangement is seen in Omolicna mariajosae Bahder and Bartlett, 2021, in Echavarria et al. 2021). Terminalia. Pygofer in lateral view roughly elongate-quadrate, narrowest dorsad, expanding ventrad, anterior and posterior margins irregularly sinuate (Fig. 5 A). In ventral view, medioventral process large, longer than wide at base, nearly quadrate, apex nearly truncate with rounded corners, slightly invaginated at midpoint (Fig. 5 B). Gonostyli, in lateral view, broad, ventral margin with a broad rounded lobe proximally, distally broadly rounded to apex; dorsal margin with a complex process proximally (bearing a rounded distal projection and a biramous curved process) broadly angled distally, apex dorsal acuminate projection (Fig. 5 B); in ventral view, narrow and parallel-sided curved mesad, bearing a proximate, quadrate a process (apex rounded, proximal apex hooked cephalad, appearing avicephaliform) on inner margins at approximately 1 / 4 length from base, (Fig. 5 B); apex sharply pointed, angled mesad (Fig. 5 B). Aedeagus robust, asymmetrical, shaft angled slightly upward, bearing three processes: a bifurcated process near midlength on right lateral side (A 1), ventral bifurcation longer, truncate (A 1 a), dorsal bifurcation shorter, pointed (A 1 b, Fig. 6 A), second process arising on left lateral side on dorsal margin, strongly curved caudad (A 2, Fig. 6 B) and third process arising basally, extending to left lateral side (A 3). Endosoma complex, bearing 5 sclerotized retrorse apical processes: including a pair (E 1 & E 2) of long, relatively narrow, heavily sclerotized, reaching midpoint of shaft, apices twisted, E 1 slightly longer than E 2 (Fig. 6 C), a second pair (E 3 & E 4, subtending E 1 & E 2) more robust and similar in length (E 4 just exceeding E 3), exceeding E 3, membranous proximally, more sclerotized distally, apex of E 3 greatly constricted to acute process, E 4 apex curved mesad with blunt apex (Fig. 6), final single process narrow arising on left lateral side (E 5), sclerotized, similar in length to E 3 (Fig. 6). Anal tube very elongate and slender, in lateral view sinuate on dorsal margin, ventral margin with broad, rounded lobe in distal third; apex bifurcated, elongate and strongly curved ventrad, abruptly angled near midlength bearing small knob on distal margin, outer surface concave after knob (Fig. 5 A), in ventral view, bifurcations of apex crossed (Fig. 5 B). Plant associations. Geonoma sp. (Arecaceae), a palm.	en	Bahder, Brian W., Barrantes, Edwin A., Zumbado Echavarria, Marco A., Helmick, Ericka E., Bartlett, Charles R. (2022): A new species of planthopper in the genus Anchimothon (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Derbidae) on palms from Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5169 (4): 359-370, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5169.4.5
4951878FFFDA6B43618BF962E92C1E35.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Limón Province, Costa Rica.	en	Bahder, Brian W., Barrantes, Edwin A., Zumbado Echavarria, Marco A., Helmick, Ericka E., Bartlett, Charles R. (2022): A new species of planthopper in the genus Anchimothon (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Derbidae) on palms from Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5169 (4): 359-370, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5169.4.5
4951878FFFDA6B43618BF962E92C1E35.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is given in honor of Dr. Wayne Myrie, whose collaboration has been critical in the discovery of new planthoppers.	en	Bahder, Brian W., Barrantes, Edwin A., Zumbado Echavarria, Marco A., Helmick, Ericka E., Bartlett, Charles R. (2022): A new species of planthopper in the genus Anchimothon (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Derbidae) on palms from Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5169 (4): 359-370, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5169.4.5
4951878FFFDA6B43618BF962E92C1E35.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype male “ Costa Rica, Heredia / La Selva Biological Station / 15. V. 2018 / Coll.: B. W. Bahder, sweeping palms / Holotype Anchimothon myriei ♂ ” (FLREC); paratypes same as holotype (3 males, 6 females, FLREC and FSCA). Sequence Data. For COI, a 707 bp product was generated (GenBank Accession No. ON 231398) and for 18 S, a 1,431 bp product was generated (GenBank Accession No. ON 230027). The Maximum Likelihood analysis for COI placed A. myriei sp. n. in a clade adjacent to Omolicna with weak bootstrap support (70), however it did not resolve adjacent to A. dubia, which was placed within Omolicna (Fig. 7 A). Statistical support for relationships based on COI were weak (mostly <70). For 18 S, Anchimothon resolved as a clade with good bootstrap support (90). The consensus analysis of concatenated COI and 18 S data also show good bootstrap support (85) for placing A. myriei sp. n. adjacent to A. dubia, supporting placement of the novel taxon in Anchimothon. However, the placement of Anchimothon adjacent to Omolicna had weak bootstrap support (53).	en	Bahder, Brian W., Barrantes, Edwin A., Zumbado Echavarria, Marco A., Helmick, Ericka E., Bartlett, Charles R. (2022): A new species of planthopper in the genus Anchimothon (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Derbidae) on palms from Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5169 (4): 359-370, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5169.4.5
4951878FFFDA6B43618BF962E92C1E35.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The novel taxon conforms to Anchimothon based on morphology as the genus is currently understood. A synoptic genus diagnosis, compared with other New World cenchreines, would be vertex trapezoidal with apex concave (in dorsal view), apical transverse carina absent, medioventral process of pygofer large and apically rounded (or truncate, without lateral projections), gonostyli in ventral view elongate, proximal median margin bearing a quadrate lobe, anal tube narrow and greatly elongate. Anchimothon dubia, A. myriei sp. n. and A. parishi all have a bifurcated process on the right side of the aedeagus and simple process on the left which appears to be a genus-level feature. The form of the medioventral process of the pygofer and shape of the parameres, are similar in form among the species currently in Anchimothon. The monophyly of Anchimothon is generally supported (despite the absence of molecular data for A. parishi) by the combined COI and 18 S molecular data. While COI generally is not a reliable phylogenetic marker in derbids, it is helpful for delineating closely related species; the data generated for 18 S is far more useful for constructing phylogenies among genera of Cenchreini.	en	Bahder, Brian W., Barrantes, Edwin A., Zumbado Echavarria, Marco A., Helmick, Ericka E., Bartlett, Charles R. (2022): A new species of planthopper in the genus Anchimothon (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Derbidae) on palms from Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5169 (4): 359-370, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5169.4.5
