taxonID	type	description	language	source
4B175324C957A516D1BAFB6AFB3EAC93.taxon	materials_examined	Type: LAOS. Bolikhamsai: Viengthong District, near Samsok Noi, elev. 977 m, 18.57 ° N / 104.62 ° E, on limestone rocks in disturbed rainforest, 30 April 2019, Zhuo Zhou, Khamphanh Thepkaysone, Mouachanh Xayvue, Kosorn Sorsoulithanh, Liang Zhang LZ 156 (holotype KUN- 1576320!, isotype KUN- 1576319!).	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C957A516D1BAFB6AFB3EAC93.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Leptochilus bolikhamsaiensis is distinguished from other species by its small habit with laminae 6 ‒ 15 cm, and oblong sori. Plants perennial, evergreen. Rhizome creeping, ca. 2.1 – 2.9 mm in diam., dorsiventrally flattened, densely scaled, with many short roots; scales brown, clathrate, membranous, margins entire or sparely denticulate, slightly spreading, 0.6 – 1.6 × 0.4 – 0.7 mm. Fronds monomorphic or slightly dimorphic, (0.3 –) 0.9 to 1.8 cm distant, 16 – 23 cm long; petioles stramineous, 6 – 14 cm long, ca. 0.5 – 0.8 mm in diam. at middle, slightly winged at distal part; rachis distinctly winged, 2.1 – 2.6 mm wide at the distal part, 1.7 – 1.9 mm at base. Laminae oblong-ovate, deeply 1 - pinnatifid, 6 – 15 × 7 – 10 cm, widest at middle or below middle of lamina, chartaceous, brown when dry, glabrous, margins of lobes entire, slightly repand. Lobes (1 –) 5 – 6 pairs, narrowly lanceolate, apex acuminate, 4.3 – 5.2 × 0.7 – 0.9 cm, basal portions of lobes narrowed, ascending upward, midribs of lobes at angles of 47 – 72 (– 90) degree with rachis, distal pair of lobes slightly narrowed, opposite or slightly alternate, lobe base ca. 0.4 – 0.9 cm distant with each other. Midribs slightly raised, lateral veins invisible. Sori oblong, (4 –) 9 – 11 on each side of midrib, 1 – 3 × 0.7 – 1.0 mm, centers ca. 3 – 5 (– 9) mm apart from one another.	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C957A516D1BAFB6AFB3EAC93.taxon	description	Additional specimen examined: LAOS. Na be, Provincia, December 1930, collectors unknown, a number labeled as “ 4.107 ” may be the collecting number (US 1595356!).	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C957A516D1BAFB6AFB3EAC93.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: Leptochilus bolikhamsaiensis was initially collected in Laos in 1930, but its exact location was not specified. Currently, only one population in Viengthong District of Bolikhamsai Province is known to us. The individuals of the species were observed growing exclusively on limestone rocks in the rainforest. It is likely that the species occurs in other karst regions in central Laos.	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C957A516D1BAFB6AFB3EAC93.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The species epithet is derived from the name of Bolikhamsai Province, Laos, where the species is found. Note: Leptochilus bolikhamsaiensis is morphologically the smallest species, regarding to the “ L. ellipticus complex ”. However, according to the phylogenetic analysis, this species forms an isolated clade within the genus, and its relationships to other species of the genus, particularly to the L. ellipticus clade, remain unclear.	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C955A514D1BAFF5CFD26A9C1.taxon	materials_examined	Type: Vietnam. Đ ắk L ắk: Chu Yang Sin National Park, Sub-area 1351, 1080 – 1250 m, 12.41 ° N / 108.37 ° E, on rocks, small branch of Krông Kmar River, 30 October 2015, Li Bing Zhang, Xin Mao Zhou, Thien Tam Luong, Minh Tri Dang & Bich Ha Duong 8944 (holotype CDBI!, isotypes PHH, MO!).	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C955A514D1BAFF5CFD26A9C1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Leptochilus daklakensis is distinguished from other species by its dimorphic fronds, fertile fronds two times longer than sterile fronds, sterile fronds with broadly winged petioles, petioles of fertile fronds four times longer than fertile laminae, and apex of fertile laminae abruptly narrowed. Plants perennial, evergreen, lithophytic. Rhizome long creeping, ca. 2.6 – 3.5 mm in diam., dorsiventrally flattened, densely scaly, scales lanceolate, 1.2 – 3.5 × 0.4 – 0.7 mm, dark brown, basifixed, concolorous, clathrate, margin entire or sparely denticulate, apex acuminate. Fronds dimorphic, fertile fronds usually much longer than sterile fronds, or rarely the same length as sterile fronds. Sterile fronds (6 –) 18 – 22 cm tall, sessile or shortly petiolated; laminae elliptic-lanceolate, base gradually narrowed, apex acuminate or cuspidate, (6 –) 18 – 22 cm long, 2.9 – 3.2 cm wide near middle, chartaceous, glabrous; petioles short, stramineous, grooved adaxially, 1.1 – 1.2 mm in diam., 0.3 – 0.7 cm long, petiole base scaly; scales similar to rhizome scales but smaller, 1.3 – 1.5 × 0.4 – 0.5 mm. Fertile fronds (16) 35 – 41 cm tall, petiole much longer than lamina; laminae deltate-lanceolate, margins entire, base cuneate, apex long acuminate, 5.4 – 9.0 cm long, 2.2 – 4.1 cm wide bellow middle part, chartaceous, glabrous; petioles stramineous, grooved adaxially, 0.9 – 1.1 mm in diam., (11 –) 27 – 32 cm long. Veins anastomosing, distinct adaxially and abaxially, veinlets visible. Sori linear, reach lamina margins, ca. 0.8 mm from margins and 1 – 2.5 mm from midrib, 15 – 23 on each side of midrib, 1.2 – 2.9 cm long, 0.4 – 0.6 mm wide when mature, at angles of 42 – 47 degree with midribs, centers ca. (1 –) 1.5 – 3.0 mm apart from one another.	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C955A514D1BAFF5CFD26A9C1.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: Leptochilus daklakensis is currently known from south Đ ắk L ắk Province, Vietnam. The species was observed only growing on rocks in rainforests.	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C955A514D1BAFF5CFD26A9C1.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The species epithet is from the Vietnamese name, daklak, the name of the province in South Vietnam where the type was collected, and the Latin suffix - ensis, of origin or place. Notes: Leptochilus daklakensis closely resembles L. ovatus but differs the latter in having broadly winged petioles (vs. narrowly wringed petioles, or sometimes petioles wingless), apex of fertile laminae abruptly narrowed (vs. apex of fertile laminae rounded or gradually narrowed). Phylogenetically, L. daklakensis was resolved as an isolated lineage quite distant from L. ovatus in the L. Colysis clade.	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C954A51BD1BAFD78FABAA80D.taxon	materials_examined	Type: MYANMAR. Kachin State: Putero District, Putao Town, Hpaw Wang Daru, N of Sum Pi Yang, 380 m, 26.90 ° N / 97.70 ° E, on the tree trunk, 12 April 2009, Yun-Fei Deng, Chang-Chun Ding & Lin-Fang Wu, Irrawaddy Expedition No. 3200 (holotype CDBI- 0193822!).	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C954A51BD1BAFD78FABAA80D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Leptochilus kachinensis is distinguished by its dimorphic fronds, fertile fronds nearly the same length as sterile fronds, sterile laminae lanceolate, up to 39 cm long, thinly chartaceous, and venation distinct on both sides of lamina. Plants perennial, evergreen, epiphytic. Rhizome long creeping, robust, ca. 3.5 – 6.1 mm in diam., dorsiventrally flattened, with a few short phyllopodia and roots, sparsely scaly, scales lanceolate, 1.9 – 4.5 × 0.8 – 2.1 mm, brown, basifixed, concolorous, clathrate, margin entire or sparely denticulate, apex acuminate. Fronds strongly dimorphic, fertile fronds shorter or nearly the same length as sterile frond. Sterile fronds 45 – 49 cm tall, petiole shorter than lamina; laminae ribbon-lanceolate, margins entire, slightly repand, base cuneate, decurrent, apex acuminate, 37 – 39 cm long, 3.1 – 3.4 cm wide at middle, thinly chartaceous, glabrous; petioles stramineous, grooved adaxially, glabrous, 1.1 – 1.3 mm in diam., 11 – 13 cm long; venation anastomosing, lateral veins distinct, veinlets visible. Fertile fronds 42 – 47 cm tall, petioles the same length or longer than laminae; laminae linear, margins entire, base cuneate, apex long acuminate, 22 – 27 cm long, 0.8 – 1.0 mm wide at middle; petioles 1.1 – 1.2 mm in diam., 19 – 21 cm long. Sori acrostichoid, continuous along midrib.	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C954A51BD1BAFD78FABAA80D.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: Leptochilus kachinensis is currently only known from the type locality in Kachin State, located in northern Myanmar. The species was observed growing on tree trunk.	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C954A51BD1BAFD78FABAA80D.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The species epithet is derived from Kachin State, where the species is found. Note: The phylogenetic analysis resolved Leptochilus kachinensis as the sister species to the Colysis subclade in the Colysis clade (Fig. 1). The close relationship between the new species and L. hemionitideus (C. Presl 1836: 216) Nooteboom (1997: 285) is confirmed by both of them having herbaceous sterile laminae and distinct venation.	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C95BA51BD1BAFCACFB50AC8C.taxon	materials_examined	Type: LAOS. Khammouane: Kounkham District, Na Hin, on the way to Nam Sanam Waterfall, elev. 188 m, 18.21 ° N / 104.51 ° E, on rock in forest, 2 May 2019, Zhuo Zhou, Khamphanh Thepkaysone, Mouachanh Xayvue, Kosorn Sorsoulithanh & Liang Zhang LZ 202 (holotype KUN- 1576321!, isotype KUN- 1576322!).	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C95BA51BD1BAFCACFB50AC8C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Leptochilus khammouanensis is distinguished in the genus by its combination of characteristics, including small habit, simple fronds, and orbicular or elongated sori. Plants perennial, evergreen. Rhizome creeping, 2.5 – 4.1 mm in diam., dorsiventrally flattened, scaly, with a few short roots; scales narrowly ovate or lanceolate, brown, 1.3 – 3.7 × 0.4 – 1.1 mm, margin entire, apex acute, clathrate. Fronds monomorphic, clustered, 8 – 14 cm long, winged stipes shorted or nearly the same length as lamina petiole. Laminae simple, margins entire, rarely lobed, elliptic-lanceolate, abaxially not scaly, 6 – 9 × 1.3 – 1.9 cm, chartaceous or thickly herbaceous, base narrowly decrescent; petioles (0.5 –) 2 – 8 cm, winged, wings towards petiole base, slightly scaly abaxially, scales similar to but smaller than rhizome scales; midribs distinctly raised. Venation anastomosing, main veins distinct, veinlets slightly visible. Sori separate, irregularly scattered, 0.4 – 1.9 × 0.3 – 0.5 mm, forming 2 – 6 irregular rows between lateral veins, orbicular or elongate, superficial, absent in marginal areoles, present in costal areoles.	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C95BA51BD1BAFCACFB50AC8C.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined: Laos. Khammouane Province: Ban Xoang (Hin Nammo National Bio-Diversity Conservation Area), elev. 156 m, 17.46 ° N / 105.58 ° E, on limestone rock in primary forests, 16 February 2017, Yu-Min Shui, Wen-Hong Chen, Phetlasy Souladeth & Liang Zhang LK 136 (KUN).	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C95BA51BD1BAFCACFB50AC8C.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: Leptochilus khammouanensis is currently only documented in two locations within Khammouane Province, located in central Laos. The species was observed growing on limestone rock in disturbed primary forests. During the extended dry season, the fronds of this species tend to shrink.	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C95BA51BD1BAFCACFB50AC8C.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The species epithet is from the Laotian spelling, khammouane, the name of the province in central Laos where the type was collected, and the Latin suffix - ensis, of origin or place. Note: Leptochilus khammouanensis is morphologically most similar to some individuals of L. pteropus (Blume 1828: 125) Fraser-Jenkins (2008: 62), which have simple fronds. However, L. khammouanensis differs the latter by having sparely scaly to nearly glabrous petioles and rachises. Zhang et al. (2019) recognized a monospecific L. pteropus clade, which is one of the earliest-diverging lineages within Leptochilus. Our new phylogeny resolved L. khammouanensis as sister to L. pteropus, thus adding one more species to the L. pteropus clade. Our observations of L. pteropus from both basic and acidic mountains showed similar morphological similarities: variable leaf shape but with dense scales on the petioles and rachises, which can be differentiated from L. khammouanensis.	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C95AA518D1BAF8E5FEE3A80D.taxon	materials_examined	Type: VIETNAM. Quang Binh: Phong Nha Ke Bang National Park, Tan Traih, elev. 700 m, 17.39 ° N / 106.20 °, on rocks in limestone mountains, 6 November 2014, Li Bing Zhang, Liang Zhang & Ngan Thi Lu 7352 (holotype VNMN, isotype CDBI!).	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C95AA518D1BAF8E5FEE3A80D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Leptochilus locii is characterized by its dimorphic fronds, fertile fronds approximately four times longer or more than sterile fronds, fertile fronds long-petiolated, and laminae thickly chartaceous. Plants perennial, evergreen, lithophytic. Rhizome long creeping, ca. 1.8 – 2.9 mm in diam., dorsiventrally flattened, scaled, with a few short phyllopodia and roots. Apex of rhizome and basal petiole densely scaly, scales lanceolate, base enlarged, (0.7 –) 1.2 – 3.3 × 0.4 – 1.4 mm, brown, basifixed, concolorous, margin entire, apex long acuminate. Fronds dimorphic, fertile fronds much longer than sterile fronds. Sterile fronds 9 – 12 cm tall, laminae slightly longer than or the same length as petioles; laminae triangular-ovate, base truncate, apex obtuse-acuminate, 4 – 7 cm long, 2.9 – 3.5 cm wide near base, thickly chartaceous, glabrous; petioles stramineous, grooved adaxially, glabrous, 0.7 – 0.9 mm in diam., 5 – 7 cm long. Fertile fronds 19 – 25 cm tall, petioles much longer than laminae; laminae ovate, margins entire, base cuneate, apex long acuminate, (1.6 –) 3.9 – 4.5 cm long, (0.8 –) 1.5 – 1.7 cm near base, thickly chartaceous, glabrous; petioles stramineous, grooved adaxially, glabrous, 0.9 – 1.1 mm in diam., 18 – 20 cm long. Veins anastomosing, lateral vein distinct, veinlets visible. Sori linear, ca. 0.5 – 1.1 mm from margins and 0 – 0.2 mm from midrib, 9 – 12 on each side of midrib, 0.8 – 1.1 cm long, 0.9 – 1.1 mm wide when mature, at angles of 42 – 50 degree with midribs, centers ca. 2 – 3 mm apart from one another. Paraphyses absent.	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C95AA518D1BAF8E5FEE3A80D.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined: VIETNAM. Quang Binh: Bo Trach District, Hung Trach, Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, 150 – 200 m, 17.50 ° N / 106.28 °, on limestone rock in slightly logged primary forest, 12 December 2004, S. - K. Wu, L. K. Phan, X. Gong, J. - Y. Xiang, V. T. Nguyen & K. S. Nguyen WP- 1077 (KUN!, MO!).	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C95AA518D1BAF8E5FEE3A80D.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: Three populations of Leptochilus locii were discovered in central Vietnam, and the species was exclusively observed growing on limestone rock.	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C95AA518D1BAF8E5FEE3A80D.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Named in honor of Professor Phan Ke Loc of Hanoi University of Science, in recognition of his significant contributions to the fern flora of Vietnam. Note: Leptochilus locii is most similar to L. ovatus by sharing features such as dimorphic fronds, sterile fronds ca. 4 – 6 times larger than fertile fronds, and petioles of fertile fronds ca. 8 – 10 times longer than fertile laminae. However, the new species differs from the latter in having triangular-ovate sterile lamina, and lamina base slightly cordate to truncate. In contrast, L. ovatus has elliptic-ovate to broadly elliptic sterile lamina, and sterile lamina base gradually decrescent.	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C958A518D1BAFCACFE16AC8C.taxon	materials_examined	Type: LAOS. Luang Prabang: near Luang Prabang City, elev. 586 m, 19.83 ° N / 102.15 ° E, on a small tree trunk in limestone mountain, 13 May 2019, Zhuo Zhou & Liang Zhang LZ 415 (holotype KUN- 1576324!; isotypes KUN!).	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C958A518D1BAFCACFE16AC8C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Leptochilus luangprabangensis is characterized by its climbing habit, the length of fertile and sterile fronds nearly identical, thin lamina texture, and sterile fronds shortly petiolated. Plants perennial, evergreen, epiphytic. Rhizome long creeping, ca. 2.5 – 3.0 mm in diam., dorsiventrally flattened, scaled, with a few short phyllopodia and roots. Apex of rhizome and basal petiole densely scaly, scales subulatelanceolate, 1.4 – 2.4 × 0.3 – 0.7 mm, brown, basifixed, concolorous, clathrate, margin entire or sparely denticulate, apex acuminate. Fronds dimorphic, sterile fronds larger than fertile fronds. Sterile fronds 12 – 18 cm tall, laminae much longer than petioles; laminae ribbon-lanceolate, base cuneate, apex acuminate, 10 – 16 cm long, 2.0 – 3.1 cm wide at middle, chartaceous, glabrous; petioles stramineous, grooved adaxially, glabrous, 0.6 – 0.8 mm in diam., 0.6 – 1.7 cm long. Fertile fronds 14 – 17 cm tall, petioles shorter than laminae; laminae elliptic-lanceolate, margins entire, base cuneate, apex long acuminate, 11 – 13 cm long, 1.3 – 1.5 cm wide at middle, thinly chartaceous, glabrous; petioles stramineous, grooved adaxially, glabrous, 0.5 – 0.7 mm in diam., 3 – 4 cm long. Veins anastomosing, lateral veins visible, veinlets invisible. Sori linear, reach lamina margins, ca. 0.5 mm from margins and 0.4 mm from midrib, 25 – 28 on each side of midrib, 0.7 – 0.9 cm long, 0.4 – 0.6 mm wide when mature, at angles of 36 – 45 degree with midribs, centers ca. (1 –) 3 – 4 mm apart from one another. Paraphyses absent.	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C958A518D1BAFCACFE16AC8C.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: Leptochilus luangprabangensis is known from a single collection made in the limestone forest near the capital city of Luang Prabang Province, Laos. The species was observed growing as a hemiepiphyte on a small tree trunk. It was anchored to the tree with rhizomes and roots, and the roots extended into the soil below.	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C958A518D1BAFCACFE16AC8C.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The species is named after Luang Prabang Province, Laos, where it was discovered. Note: Morphologically, Leptochilus luangprabangensis is most similar to L. chingii Liang Zhang & Li Bing Zhang (2018: 173) due to their simple and slightly dimorphic fronds, lanceolate laminae, and laminae gradually narrowed towards base. However, they differ in the lamina texture (thinly chartaceous vs. chartaceous or thickly chartaceous in L. chingii and petiole length of sterile fronds (0.6 – 1.7 cm vs. (0.5 –) 2 – 5 cm). Additionally, L. luangprabangensis has only been observed growing as a hemiepiphyte on tree trunks, while L. chingii was found on moist rocks. Though L. luangprabangensis is phylogenetically the closest to L. vietnamensis, they have 12 bp differences in 3074 bps of aligned three plastid markers (Zhang et al. 2024). Morphologically, L. luangprabangensis has fertile fronds nearly the same length as sterile fronds that are 12 – 18 cm long, while L. vietnamensis has fertile fronds much shorter than the sterile fronds that are 30 – 40 cm.	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C95FA51DD1BAF94FFCD7AA94.taxon	materials_examined	Type: CHINA. Xizang: Medog County, Beibengxiang, Aniqiao to # 3 bridge, elev. 1085 m, 29.32 ° N / 95.16 ° E, on wet rocks at forest margins, 17 October 2017, Liang Zhang, Wen-Bin Ju & Heng-Ning Deng 2193 (holotype KUN- 1576328!, isotype KUN- 1576327!).	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C95FA51DD1BAF94FFCD7AA94.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Leptochilus multilobus can be distinguished from other species by its lobes up to 15 pairs, sori oblong to shortly linear, and length of sori approximately half that of the distance from the midrib to the lobe margins. Plants perennial, evergreen. Rhizome creeping, ca. 2.9 – 4.2 mm in diam., dorsiventrally flattened, densely scaled, with many short roots; scales brown, clathrate, membranous, margins entire or sparely denticulate, 0.8 – 3.2 × 0.6 – 1.5 mm. Fronds monomorphic, 0.4 to 0.6 (2.5) cm distant, 32 – 52 cm long; petioles stramineous, 13 – 26 cm long, ca. 1.4 – 2.1 mm in diam. at middle, slightly winged at distal part; rachis narrowly winged, 2.1 – 2.5 mm wide at the distal part, 0.7 – 1.1 mm at base. Laminae elliptic, deeply 1 - pinnatifid, 20 – 27 × 9 – 12 cm, widest at middle of laminae, chartaceous, brown when dry, glabrous, margins of lobes entire. Lobes 12 – 15 pairs, narrowly lanceolate, apex acuminate, 6.5 – 7.0 × 0.7 – 0.9 cm, basal portions of lobes distinctly narrowed, ascending upward, midribs of lobes at angles of 42 – 68 (– 77) degree with rachis, distal pairs of lobes narrowed, mostly opposite, lobe base ca. 1.1 – 1.7 cm distant with each other. Midribs slightly raised, lateral veins invisible. Sori oblong or shortly linear, (4 –) 7 – 11 on each side of midrib, 1.8 – 4.0 × 0.5 – 1.1 mm, centers ca. 3 – 6 (– 9) mm apart from one another.	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C95FA51DD1BAF94FFCD7AA94.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined: CHINA. Xizang: Medog County, Dexingxiang, on the way to Deguo village, elev. 935 m, 29.36 ° N / 95.34 ° E, on a wet cliff near waterfall, 23 June 2021, Liang Zhang, Xia Wan, Jian-Jun Yang, Wang-Lin Zhao 4455 (KUN); Medog County, Beibengxiang, Aniqiao to # 3 bridge, elev. 1085 m, 29.32 ° N / 95.16 ° E, on a wet rock at forest margins, Bo Xu et al. YLZB 2004 (CDBI!).	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C95FA51DD1BAF94FFCD7AA94.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: Leptochilus multilobus is currently only known from Medog, a remote county in Tibet, China. Two large populations, approximately 20 km apart in an air distance, have been discovered. One population found in Beibengxiang has been destroyed due to road construction, while the other population, which has about 30 individuals, is in good condition. The species is restricted in rocky areas near streams or waterfalls, and high humidity is crucial to maintaining a healthy population.	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C95FA51DD1BAF94FFCD7AA94.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The species epithet is derived from the Latin words multi-, multiple, and - lobus, lobes. This epithet refers to the numerous pairs of lobes present on each lamina. Note: Leptochilus multilobus resembles species in the L. ellipticus clade by having pinnatifid laminae (Zhang et al. 2019), while differs them in having a great number of lobes and oblong to shortly linear sori. Phylogenetically, L. multilobus was resolved as a member in the Colysis clade (Fig. 1), which is composed of those with simple and entire laminae, making L. multilobus a unique species in the genus.	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C95DA51CD1BAFDC4FCD5AF81.taxon	materials_examined	Type: VIETNAM. Lam Dong: Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, behind Hòn Giao station, 1550 – 1650 m, besides rocks near stream, 19 October 2015, Li Bing Zhang, Xin-Mao Zhou & Thien Tam Luong, Minh Tri Dang & Bich Ha Duong 8596 (holotype MO!, isotype CDBI!).	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C95DA51CD1BAFDC4FCD5AF81.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Leptochilus neolongipes is characterized by having medium size of plant, fronds 30 – 62 cm, petioles longer or nearly the same length as laminae, distal rachis broadly winged, wings gradually narrowed towards rachis base, lamina thickly chartaceous, and linear sori. Plants perennial, evergreen. Rhizome creeping, ca. 3 – 5 mm in diam., dorsiventrally flattened, densely scaled, with many short roots; scales brown, clathrate, membranous, margins entire or sparely denticulate, appressed on rhizome or slightly spreading, 0.8 – 2.7 × 0.4 – 0.8 mm. Fronds monomorphic, 0.9 to 3.8 cm distant, 25 – 46 (– 62) cm long; petioles stramineous, 17 – 27 cm long, ca. 0.6 – 1.2 mm in diam. at middle, slightly winged at distal part; rachis distinctly winged, 3.0 – 9.0 mm wide at the distal part, 2.5 – 4.5 mm at base. Laminae oblong-ovate, deeply 1 - pinnatifid, 8 – 20 × 16 – 30 cm, widest below middle of laminae, chartaceous, brown when dry, glabrous, margins of lobes entire. Lobes (1 –) 3 – 5 pairs, lanceolate, apex acuminate, 12 – 15 × 1.9 – 2.4 cm, basal portions of lobes obviously narrowed, ca. 1 / 3 to 1 / 4 as wide as middle portions, slightly ascending upward, midribs of lobes at angles of 55 – 73 (– 90) degree with rachis, distal pair of lobes slightly narrowed or the same length as lower pairs, opposite or slightly alternate, lobe base ca. 1.9 – 2.4 cm distant with each other. Midribs slightly raised, lateral veins invisible. Sori linear, (9 –) 16 – 19 on each side of midrib, 8 – 12 × 0.6 – 0.9 mm, centers ca. 3 – 6 mm apart from one another.	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C95DA51CD1BAFDC4FCD5AF81.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: Leptochilus neolongipes was discovered in three provinces in southern Vietnam, at elevations between 1300 – 1700 m. It typically grows on rock sides or near the base of tree trunks.	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C95DA51CD1BAFDC4FCD5AF81.taxon	etymology	Etymology: From the Latin prefix, neo -, new, and the Latin epithet, longipes, referring to the similar morphology between the new species and Leptochilus longipes (Ching 1933: 332) X. C. Zhang (2012: 655).	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C95DA51CD1BAFDC4FCD5AF81.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined: VIETNAM. Khánh Hòa Province: Hòn Bà Nature Reserve, trails along Hòn Bà forest station, 1540 m, 23 October 2015, Li Bing Zhang, Xinmao Zhou, Thien Tam Luong, Minh Tri Dang & Bich Ha Duong 8677 & 8727 (CDBI!); Hòn Bà Nature Reserve, stream behind Yersin's house, 1300 – 1400 m, 24 October 2015, Li Bing Zhang, Xinmao Zhou, Thien Tam Luong, Minh Tri Dang & Bich Ha Duong 8768 (CDBI!, MO!). Lam Dong Province: Da Lat, 20 June 2011, Cheng-Wei Chen Wade 1594 (TAIF!); Giang Ly, 1600 – 1700 m, 17 June 2013, Cheng-Wei Chen Wade 2615 (TAIF!); Giang Ly, 24 December 2014, Cheng-Wei Chen Wade 4102 (TAIF!). Note: Leptochilus neolongipes is morphologically most similar to L. longipes. However, it differs the latter in having larger habit, fronds 30 – 72 cm long, and lobes 9 – 16 cm long. In contrast, L. longipes has fronds 15 – 30 cm long and lobes 5 – 8 cm long. Phylogenetically, the new species was resolved as isolated within the L. ellipticus clade, and its sister relationship with L. ornithopus T. Fujiwara & B. H. Quang (2023: 153 – 154) was not well supported (Fig. 1). Notably, a specimen with a smaller habit, Cheng-Wei Chen Wade 3697 (TAIF), collected from Khanh Hoa, potentially represents an underdeveloped individual of this new species.	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C95CA503D1BAFB38FC11ACB4.taxon	materials_examined	Type: CHINA. Yunnan: Hekou, Nanxi Town, Anjiahe, elev. 366 m, 22.69 ° N / 103.92 ° E, on limestone rocks beside a stream in forest, 31 August 2019, Liang Zhang, Zhen-Long Liang, Xiang-Li Yue & Zi-Yu Ye 3040 (holotype KUN- 1576330!, isotype KUN- 1576329!).	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C95CA503D1BAFB38FC11ACB4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Leptochilus sinovietnamica is characterized by its large habit, fronds 60 – 100 cm long, lamina thinly chartaceous, and lobes large, 3.5 – 5.5 cm in width. Plants perennial, evergreen. Rhizome creeping, ca. 0.6 – 1.1 cm in diam., dorsiventrally flattened, scaly, with many short roots; scales, appressed, slightly spreading at rhizome apex, irregularly ovate, clathrate, thickly membranous, margins entire or sparely denticulate, brown, (0.8 –) 1.8 – 3.5 (4.6) × 0.4 – 1.2 mm. Fronds monomorphic or sometimes slightly dimorphic, 0.5 to 1.2 cm distant, (30 –) 60 – 100 cm long; petioles stramineous, (16 –) 35 – 44 cm long, ca. 2.4 – 3.1 mm in diam. at middle, wingless; rachises wingless, and only slightly winged at distal rachis at the connecting part between rachis and lobe. Laminae broadly elliptic, deeply 1 - pinnatifid, (18 –) 31 – 56 × 30 – 50 cm, widest at middle or below middle of laminae, thinly chartaceous, brown when dry, glabrous, margins of lobes entire, slightly repand. Lobes (1 –) 2 – 6 pairs, lanceolate, apex acuminate, 15 – 26 × (2.1 –) 3.5 – 5.5 cm, basal portions of lobes narrowed, ascending upward, midribs of lobes at angles of 41 – 54 degree with rachis, distal pair of lobes slightly narrowed, alternate or nearly opposite, lobe base ca. 2.5 – 4.9 cm distant with each other. Midribs distinctly raised, veins visible. Sori linear, 18 – 25 on each side of midrib, centers ca. 5 – 8 mm apart from one another, 1.3 – 2.8 × 0.5 – 0.9 mm.	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C95CA503D1BAFB38FC11ACB4.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined: CHINA. Yunnan: Jinping, Mengla, Jiushiliang, elev. 650 m, on rock in limestone mountains, 25 August 1962, Sugong Wu 4044 (KUN!, PE!). VIETNAM. Bac Kan: Na Ri District, An Tinh Community, Tham Mu, 300 – 500 m, 5 December 2013, Li-Bing Zhang, Liang Zhang & Ngan Thi Lu 6711 (CDBI!); Hoa Binh: Tan Lac District, Tam Son Community, Ngoc Son Ngo Luong Nature Reserve, 840 m, 20.53 ° N / 105.18 ° E, 22 November 2013, Li-Bing Zhang, Liang Zhang & Ngan Thi Lu 6377 (CDBI!); Quang Binh: Phong Nha Ke Bang National Park, 27 km of # 20 Road, 400 m, 17.44 ° N / 106.24 ° E, near rock in forest, 07 November 2014, Li-Bing Zhang, Liang Zhang & Ngan Thi Lu 7365 (CDBI!, VNMN).	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C95CA503D1BAFB38FC11ACB4.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: Leptochilus sinovietnamica is found in the southern region of Yunnan, China, as well as in central and northern Vietnam. This species is observed growing on or in proximity to rocks in a limestone mountain.	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C95CA503D1BAFB38FC11ACB4.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The specific epithet, sinovietnamica, indicates that the species is currently known distributed in China and Vietnam. Note: Leptochilus sinovietnamica is distinguished by having the large fronds up to 90 cm long and 3 – 4 pairs of lateral lobes. The sample labeled as “ Li-Bing Zhang et al. 6711 ”, featuring one pairs of lobes, presents an exception within the species. To fully characterize the species in terms of its morphology, additional morphological studies should be conducted by incorporating a broader range of sequenced materials.	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C942A501D1BAFF5CFEDDAD5D.taxon	materials_examined	Type: VIETNAM. Hoa Binh: Lac Son District, Ngoc Son Ngo Luong Nature Reserve, elev. 624 m, 20.43 ° N / 105.34 ° E, on a tree trunk in limestone mountains, 20 November 2013, Li Bing Zhang, Liang Zhang & Ngan Thi Lu 6334 (holotype VNMN, isotype CDBI!).	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C942A501D1BAFF5CFEDDAD5D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Leptochilus vietnamensis differs from other species in the genus by the combination of having long petioles in both fertile and sterile fronds, sterile laminae that can reach up to 30 cm in length, and fertile laminae that are less than half the length of the sterile laminae. Plants perennial, evergreen, epiphytic. Rhizome long creeping, robust, ca. 2.5 – 5.0 mm in diam., dorsiventrally flattened, scaled, with a few short phyllopodia and roots. Apex of rhizome and basal petiole densely scaly, scales subulatelanceolate, 1.8 – 2.9 × 0.4 – 0.7 mm, brown, basifixed, concolorous, clathrate, margins entire or sparely denticulate, apex acuminate. Fronds dimorphic, fertile fronds longer than sterile fronds. Sterile fronds (15 –) 30 – 40 cm tall, petiole shorter than lamina; laminae ribbon-lanceolate, margins entire, slightly repand, base cuneate, apex acuminate, 21 – 30 cm long, (2.5 –) 6 – 7 cm wide at middle, chartaceous, glabrous; petioles stramineous, grooved adaxially, glabrous, 1.5 – 2.2 mm in diam., (3 –) 5 – 9 cm long. Fertile fronds 21 – 30 cm tall, petiole usually longer or the same length as lamina; laminae elliptic-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, margins entire, base cuneate, apex long acuminate, (8 –) 10 – 15 cm long, 3 – 5.5 cm wide at middle, chartaceous, glabrous; petioles 1.4 – 2.1 mm in diam., (8 –) 12 – 15 cm long. Veins anastomosing, lateral vein distinct, veinlets visible. Sori linear, reach lamina margins, 25 – 42 (– 50) on each side of midrib, 1.8 – 3.2 cm long, 1.8 – 2.2 mm wide when mature, at angles of 44 – 62 degree with midribs, centers ca. 1.5 – 2.1 mm apart from one another. Paraphyses absent.	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C942A501D1BAFF5CFEDDAD5D.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined: VIETNAM. Cao Bang: Tra Tinh District, Quoc Toan Municipality, Trang Hen (Lakes District), elev. 666 – 831 m, 22.75 ° N / 106.28 ° E, on tree branches in disturbed forests in mountains with solid limestone rocks, 6 April 1998, Daniel K. Harder, P. K. Loc & T. T. Tai 4254 (MO- 3200946!). Hoa Binh: Tan Lac District, Lung Van Municipality, Huop village, elev. 1095 – 1100 m, 20.54 ° N / 105.18 ° E, epiphytic, in heavily logged primary evergreen broad-leaved forest, 29 Nov 2003, Su-Gong Wu, L. K. Phan, J. Y. Xiang, X. Gong, V. T. Nguyen & K. S. Nguyen, WP- 303 (MO- 5980968); Tan Lac District, Tam Son Community, elev. 840 m, 20.53 ° N / 105.18 ° E, 22 November 2013, Li Bing Zhang, Liang Zhang & Ngan Thi Lu 6378 (VNMN, CDBI!); Mai Chau District, Pa Co Municipality, elev. 1368 m, 20.74 ° N / 104.89 ° E, epiphytic, in wet, semi-deciduous and evergreen forest, 03 December 2002, Daniel K. Harder, P. K. Lôc, B. Hall & N. Q. Hung 7701 (MO- 3321598!); Mai Chau District, Hang Kia Municipality, Thung Ang Village, elev. 1095 – 1300 m, 20.72 ° N / 104.89 ° E, epiphytic, 05 December 2002, Daniel K. Harder, B. Hall, N. Q. Hung & P. H. Hoang 7782 (MO- 6082983!); Mai Chau District, Pa Co Municipality, near Na Pai Village, elev. 1094 – 1200 m, 20.74 ° N / 104.94 ° E, lithophytic and epiphytic on rocks, 09 December 2002, Daniel K. Harder, T. H. Nguyên & L. V. Averyanov 8020 (MO- 3321599!). Tuyen Quang: Na Hang District, Nam Chang Forest, elev. 210 m, 22.33 ° N / 105.42 ° E, on tree branches, 1 m from ground, in primary forests on sandy quartz soils, 8 March 1994, D. K. Harder, N. T. Hiêp, H. H. Schmidt & N. Q. Biñh 2412 (MO- 320056!).	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C942A501D1BAFF5CFEDDAD5D.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: Leptochilus vietnamensis was discovered in four localities within three provinces in northern Vietnam. The species is observed growing on tree branches, trunks or on rocks.	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C942A501D1BAFF5CFEDDAD5D.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The specific epithet is derived from the name of the country where the new species was discovered, Vietnam. Note: Leptochilus vietnamensis shares similarities with both L. wui and L. chingii, as the latter two both have slightly dimorphic fronds and linear sori. However, L. vietnamensis can be distinguished from them by its fertile fronds, which are shorter than its sterile fronds, and the long, ribbon-like lamina of its sterile fronds. The phylogenetic analysis resolved L. vietnamensis as sister to L. luangprabangensis, and these two species together are sister to L. chingii (Fig. 1).	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C941A507D1BAF9FCFAE8A909.taxon	materials_examined	Type: LAOS. Luang Prabang Province: Luang Prabang District, state water supply protected area, outside Luang Prabang City, 500 – 700 m, on limestone rock in primary forest, 31 October 2011, Su-Gong Wu, Xun Gong, Bo Ding, Onevilay Souliya & Khamphanh Thepkaysone WS- 2591 (holotype KUN- 1229050!, isotype MO- 6351014!).	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C941A507D1BAF9FCFAE8A909.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Leptochilus wusugongii is characterized by lamina thickly chartaceous, lobes large, 3.5 – 4.9 cm in width. Plants perennial, evergreen. Rhizome creeping, ca. 0.6 – 1.2 mm in diam., dorsiventrally flattened, scaly; scales appressed, slightly spreading at rhizome apex, membranous, margins entire, brown, (1.6 –) 2.1 – 3.5 (– 4.6) × (0.4 –) 0.8 – 1.2 mm. Fronds monomorphic, (43 –) 70 – 120 cm long, petiole slightly longer than lamina; petioles stramineous, (26 –) 38 – 66 cm long, ca. 2.5 – 4.1 mm in diam. at middle, wingless; rachises wingless, and only slightly winged at distal rachis and the connecting part between rachis and lobe. Laminae broad elliptic, deeply 1 - pinnatifid, (15 –) 33 – 55 × 24 – 40 cm, widest at middle or below middle of laminae, thickly chartaceous, brown when dry, glabrous, margins of lobes entire, slightly repand. Lobes 2 – 6 pairs, lanceolate, apex acuminate, 14 – 18 × 3.5 – 4.9 cm, basal portions of lobes narrowed, ascending upward, midribs of lobes at angles of 39 – 79 degree with rachis, distal pair of lobes slightly narrowed, alternate or nearly opposite, lobe base ca. 3.7 – 4.2 cm distant with each other. Midribs distinctly raised, veins slightly visible. Sori linear, 18 – 25 on each side of midrib, centers ca. 5 – 7 mm apart from one another, 1.7 – 2.2 × 0.5 – 0.8 mm. close to midrib, ca. 3 – 7 mm distant to the lobe margins.	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C941A507D1BAF9FCFAE8A909.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined: LAOS. Luang Prabang Province: Luang Prabang District, state water supply protected area, outside Luang Prabang City, 610 m, 19.83 ° N / 102.15 ° E, on limestone rock, 13 May 2019, Zhuo Zhou & Liang Zhang LZ 403 (KUN!). Vientiane Province: Vang Vieng District, Phou Houat Pha Tang Village, 600 m, 19.07 ° N / 102.41 ° E, in primary forest, 15 November 2007, Su-Gong Wu, Jian-Ying Xiang, En-De Liu, Somsanith Bouamanivong, Onevilay Souliya WS- 424 (KUN!).	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C941A507D1BAF9FCFAE8A909.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: Leptochilus wusugongii was discovered in two provinces in northern Laos. There is a possibility that this species is distributed in neighboring areas, such as northern Vietnam and southern Yunnan, China. This species was exclusively observed thriving on limestone in the primary forest.	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
4B175324C941A507D1BAF9FCFAE8A909.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Leptochilus wusugongii is named in honor of Professor Su-Gong Wu, distinguished pteridologist and one of the collectors of the new species. Professor Wu diligently collected a significant number of fern specimens in Southeast Asia, contributing greatly to our understanding of the fern diversity in this region. Note: Leptochilus wusugongii is morphologically most similar to L. sinovietnamica in having large habit, broad lobes, and typically 3 – 4 pairs of lobes. However, it differs from L. sinovietnamica by having a thicker texture of laminae. To better define the morphological boundaries between these two species, additional field observations and specimen examinations are necessary. Our phylogenetical study resolved L. wusugongii as sister to L. sinovietnamica, displaying distinct genetic divergence (Fig. 1). This discovery adds a new species to the Vietnam clade, which is recognized as one of the earliest-diverging clades within Leptochilus, as defined in Zhang et al. (2019).	en	Zhang, Liang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhou, Zhuo, Thepkayson, Khamphanh, Luong, Thien Tam, Zhang, Li-Bing (2024): Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 213-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.1
