identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
45678794FF95FFE8AD962068FE2A5060.text	45678794FF95FFE8AD962068FE2A5060.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glaphyrosomatinae Rentz & Weissman 1973	<div><p>Subfamily Glaphyrosomatinae Rentz &amp; Weissman, 1973 n. stat.</p><p>Diagnosis: Small to mid-sized insects (9–30 mm.). Body usually robust. No sexual specialization of the head; mandibles and maxilla symmetric. Smooth fastigium of vertex, extraordinarily long maxillary palpi when compared to other anostostomatid genera (Figs. 3B, 7B, 11B, 17B, 18B, 21B, 25B). Prosternal spines very reduced. Pronotum tergite-like, somewhat elongate, semitubular, with almost straight anterior, posterior and ventral edges, and with rather low lateral lobes lacking humeral notches; pterothoracic tergites completely wingless, similar to pronotum but much shorter and with rounded ventral edges (Figs. 3C, 7C, 11C, 17C, 18C, 21C, 25C). Tympanum on fore tibiae present (in most Glaphyrosoma) or absent (in Cnemotettix), absence of subapical spines on the dorsal surface of fore tibia and of a feather-like relief on the outer surface of hind femur (with only traces of chevron ridges). Stridulatory pegs present in both sexes, consisting of diagonal rows of pegs on the inner face of the hind femur (Figs. 3E, 4E, 7E, 8E, 11E, 12E, 18E, 19D, 21E, 22E, 25E) and two sets of pegs on the opposing first two abdominal tergites (Figs. 3D, 7D, 8D, 11D, 12D, 18D, 21D, 22D, 25D). Abdominal apex of male: Hooks of the tenth abdominal tergite are located near each other, paraprocts of male developed and with modifications (Figs. 3I, 7I, 11I, 18I, 21I, 25I). Male phallus membranous, without strong sclerotizations on titillators or their process or sclerites, dorsal fold divided at apex. Abdominal apex of female: possess either elongate (Figs. 4F, 12G, 17E) or reduced ovipositors (Fig. 8G), without any armature (except Glaphyrosoma dentatum Gorochov, and G. karnyi Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Gorochov), usually with depressions in the apex or in the dorsal margin of the ovipositor (26D). Subgenital plate of the female is triangulate, without a median carina or a notable prolongation (Figs. 4E, 8F, 12F, 19E, 22F).</p><p>Taxa Included: Glaphyrosoma (type genus) and Cnemotettix .</p><p>Distribution: For Glaphyrosoma, Central America to northeastern Mexico; for Cnemotettix, California, including most of the Channel Islands, into the Baja California Peninsula of Mexico.</p><p>Comments: According to Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Monzon (2017), Glaphyrosomatini (hereinafter Glaphyrosomatinae n. stat.), differ from other Neotropical subfamilies of Anostostomatidae, due to the apterus condition of its species, long maxillary palps, the structure of the male and female terminalia, in addition to the male phallus. It is only superficially confused with Lutosinae, another subfamily without wings, but from which it differs by the structure of the paraprocts, armament of the subgenital plate and male phallus, in addition to the shape of the female ovipositor.</p><p>Subfamily status is proposed for Glaphyrosomatinae n. stat., according to the characters indicated in the diagnosis. Additional support for this subfamily status comes from the molecular analysis in Vandergast et al. (2017, Figure 2), which established it as a clade apart from other anostostomatids, with Lezina Walker as a sister group (Fig. 2), ruling out the possibility of it being a tribe within the Anabropsinae, as also discussed in Gorochov &amp; Cadena-Castañeda (2016). Additionally, the identity of the female F2331 Glaphyrosoma “ Guatemala ” (in Vandergast et al., 2017) is confirmed, this specimen was cited as Glaphyrosoma sp. by Gorochov &amp; Cadena-Castañeda (2016), but with additional material it was determined as G. beretka by Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Monzón (2017).</p><p>Another peculiarity of the subfamily Glaphyrosomatinae n. stat., is that all known Cnemotettix species produce silk from maxillary gland secretions and then use their long maxillary palps for manipulation of the silk (Rentz &amp; Weissman 1973). While Glaphyrosoma have similarly long maxillary palps, silk production is unknown in any species (Vandergast et al. 2017). There is no tympanum on the first pair of tibiae in Cnemotettix, similar to the raspy cricket family Gryllacrididae (Cadena-Castañeda, 2019), this condition being a character that defines the Gryllacrididae, but possibly a reversal in Cnemotettix and other genera of Anostostomatidae, such as Hemiandrus Ander. Some genera with tympanum on only one of the faces of the fore tibia such as Hypocophus Brunner von Wattenwyl and Hypocophoides Karny, suggest a particular adaptation on the capture of sound signals. The evolution of this condition is so complex in the ensiferans, where it can appear, disappear partially or completely countless times in the history of these insects.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/45678794FF95FFE8AD962068FE2A5060	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Weissman, David B.	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Weissman, David B. (2020): Review of Glaphyrosoma (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Anostostomatidae) including new species and biological information. Zootaxa 4779 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4779.1.1
45678794FF92FFEFAD96226FFA7E54CC.text	45678794FF92FFEFAD96226FFA7E54CC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glaphyrosomatinae Rentz & Weissman 1973	<div><p>Key to Glaphyrosomatinae n. stat. genera</p><p>1. Light brown to dark brown or black insects, without longitudinal stripes. Tympanum on the fore tibia present in most of species and sternal tubercle absent................................................................... Glaphyrosoma</p><p>- Tan or grey brown and frequently possess two distinct longitudinal stripes. Tympanum on the fore tibia absent and sternal tubercle present............................................................................... Cnemotettix</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/45678794FF92FFEFAD96226FFA7E54CC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Weissman, David B.	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Weissman, David B. (2020): Review of Glaphyrosoma (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Anostostomatidae) including new species and biological information. Zootaxa 4779 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4779.1.1
45678794FF92FFEEAD962573FC3A5404.text	45678794FF92FFEEAD962573FC3A5404.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glaphyrosoma Brunner von Wattenwyl 1888	<div><p>Glaphyrosoma Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888</p><p>Mayacris Cockerell, 1912 syn. (Johns, 1997)</p><p>Description. Robust and small to large-sized (9–30 mm). Head. Dorsally smooth, with rather short and wide rostrum; this rostrum with oblique and not sharp keels along ventrolateral edges only. Short and wide fastigium, and almost 1.5 to two times as wide as space between antennal cavities; latter space almost two to three times as wide as scape. Frons smooth. Eyes frontally elevated, ocelli round, almost equal to each other in size, and two times wider than pedicel. Scapus and pedicel unarmed. Mandibles and maxilla symmetric, mandibular and maxillary palpi thin and elongated (Figs. 3B, 7B, 11B, 17B, 18B, 21B, 25B). Thorax. Thoracic and abdominal tergites similar; pronotum tubular, without humeral notches; lateral lobules quadrangular and with anterior and posterior margins straight; meso- and metanotum with similar shape as pronotum but shorter and with later inferior margins rounded. Sternal tubercle absents. All species wingless (Figs. 3C, 7C, 11C, 17C, 18C, 21C, 25C). Legs. Moderately slender and smooth. Fore coxa with a tubercle on ventral apex. Fore tibia with ovate tympanum presents on both surfaces in most species, few ones without tympanum (four species from Mexicanum Group) and armed with four ventral spines on the outer and inner margin, and two distal spines on each side (ventral margin could be covered by a dense row of hairs). Mid tibia armed with three to four ventral spines on each side and two spines on each dorsal margin, apex armed with two distal spines on each side. Hind femur with 16–20 chevron ridges, and with transverse rows of pegs, on inner side near base (Figs. 3E, 4E, 7E, 8E, 11E, 12E, 18E, 19D, 21E, 22E, 25E). Hind tibia with eight to ten spines on dorso-outer and dorso–inner margins, ventral margin of the hind tibia armed with two small spines on apex, and the distal lateral apex sides armed with three conspicuous spurs. Abdomen. Tergites similar to meso and metanotal tergites, but with less rounded ventral edges. First two abdominal tergites (and sometimes the third tergite) with pegs (Figs. 3D, 7D, 8D, 11D, 12D, 18D, 21D, 22D, 25D). Posterior edge of the ninth tergite straight or moderately prolonged, could cover partially the last abdominal tergite. Male. Tenth tergite divided in middle into a thin plate, with the dorso-medial margin armed with two moderately thickened and conspicuous hooks (one for each plate), only present when adult. Epiproct medium-sized, roundly. Paraprocts usually elongated and with different modifications between different species (Figs. 3I, 7I, 11I, 18I, 21I, 25I). Cerci thin and rather long, almost twice as long as paraprocts. Subgenital plate rectangular, with latero-apical styles, and usually with distinct angular posteromedian notch between them (Figs. 3J, 7J, 11J, 18J, 21J, 25J). Male genitalia. Mostly membranous, ejaculatory vesicles conspicuous and rounded; titillators moderately sclerotized in two branches; lower fold of ventral lobe divided at apex. Female. Female ovipositor usually half as long as to as long as the hind femur (Figs. 3F, 8G, 12E); female subgenital plate triangular shaped, with the apex moderately prolonged or not (Figs. 4E, 8F, 12F, 19E, 22F). Valves with or without denticulations or depressions in the margins. Coloration. General coloration brown, black or yellowish, some species transversally striped body coloration.</p><p>Type species: Daihinia mexicanus Saussure, 1859 (= Glaphyrosoma mexicanum), by subsequent designation by Kirby, 1906.</p><p>Distribution: From Costa Rica to northeastern Mexico (Maps 1–3).</p><p>Comments: For more than 100 years only three species were known: G. mexicanum (Saussure, 1859), G. gracile Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888 and G. bruneri (Cockerell, 1912), with this last species designated a nomen dubium by Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Monzón (2017). With recent contributions from Gorochov &amp; Cadena-Castañeda (2016) and Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Monzón (2017), the number of described species is now 14. With the four new species described below, this genus is first in species diversity in the Anostostomatidae, only equaled by Anabropsis Rehn, 1901, also with 18 species. Glaphyrosoma species can be microsymptric such that careful comparison of the shape of the paraprocts and subgenital plates must be made. For example, G. gracile vs G. paragracile n. sp.; and G. tamaulipas Gorochov &amp; Cadena-Castañeda, 2016 vs G. huasteca n. sp.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/45678794FF92FFEEAD962573FC3A5404	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Weissman, David B.	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Weissman, David B. (2020): Review of Glaphyrosoma (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Anostostomatidae) including new species and biological information. Zootaxa 4779 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4779.1.1
45678794FF93FFEDAD962228FA7E57BC.text	45678794FF93FFEDAD962228FA7E57BC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glaphyrosoma Brunner von Wattenwyl 1888	<div><p>Key to Glaphyrosoma species</p><p>(Modified from Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Monzón, 2017)</p><p>1. Color light brown or ocher, with or without dark brown stripes on the posterior margin of tergites...................... 2</p><p>- Color dark brown or black (Figs. 18A, 19A, 21A)........................................................... 8</p><p>2. Posterior margin of tergites delineated with dark brown (Figs. 3A, 4A, 7A, 8A, 11A, 12A, 15 AB). Tympanum absent on both sides of fore tibia. Ovipositor without denticulations (Figs. 4F, 12G). Mexicanum Group ............................ 3</p><p>- Posterior margin of tergites not delineated in dark brown; or if delineated, then with light brown or dark ocher. Tympanum present on fore tibia. Female ovipositor with dorso-posterior edge denticulate (female of G. dilutum unknown). Karnyi Group .. ................................................................................................... 6</p><p>3. Small to larger sized (18–30 mm.). First two abdominal tergites with stridulation pegs equidistant grouped, these pegs small (Figs. 3D, 7D, 8D).................................................................................... 4</p><p>- Mid to larger sized (22–30 mm.). First two abdominal tergites with stridulation pegs smaller than the pegs of the other species, very densely spaced (Figs. 11D, 12D)..................................................................... 5</p><p>4. Male paraproct with two sections: a basal section, which is fleshy and thick, and a distal section that is thin and flexible, and armed with a dorsal spinule on lateral mid-margin (Fig. 4I).......................................... G. mexicanum</p><p>- Male paraproct cylindrical, curving upwards from half its length, moderately dilated and with a rounded apex devoid of spinula (Fig. 7I)........................................................................... G. brevivaginalis n. sp.</p><p>5. Male paraproct almost finger-like, with a very small and almost apical sclerotized spinule.................. G. tamaulipas</p><p>- Male paraproct cylindrical, elongated, curving upwards from the base, with a rounded apex without spinula, and with a membranous fold (Fig. 11I).................................................................... G. huasteca n. sp.</p><p>6. Coloration ocher, posterior border of tergites delineated with ocher slightly darker than rest of body; last tergite hooks of males clearly thicker and somewhat shorter; male paraproctal processes with or without denticles; ovipositor with dorso-posterior border denticulate..................................................................................... 7</p><p>- Coloration uniformly light yellow; last tergite hooks of males almost spine like; male paraproctal processes finger-like without denticles, spines or hooks (female unknown)......................................................... G. dilutum</p><p>7. Male paraproctal process with a dorso-apical hook-like spine; male subgenital plate without any posteromedian notch; ovipositor with distinctly less numerous denticles on dorsal edge............................................... G. karnyi</p><p>- Male paraproctal process without spines or denticles; male subgenital plate with a v-shaped posteromedian notch; ovipositor with more denticles on dorsal edge.............................................................. G. dentatum</p><p>8. Male paraproct quadrangular, expanded from its base or at least the medial region. Magnaproctalis Group ............. 9</p><p>- Male paraproctal process not expanded, preserving its shape from base to apex, generally cylindrical and with diverse amount of curvature. Gracile Group ........................................................................... 10</p><p>9. Dorsal surface of the body, colored in solid dark brown, and with dorsal white spot at hind femur apex, also seen in distal section of all tibiae and tarsi (Fig. 17A). Ninth tergite not divided on the postero-medial margin, subgenital plate with posteromedian notch V-shaped...................................................................... G. stephanosoltis</p><p>- Dorsal surface of the body, colored in brown and without white spots. Ninth tergite divided on the postero-medial margin, subgenital plate without a deep posteromedian notch........................................... G. magnaproctalis</p><p>10. Fore tibia with tympana on both sides, male paraprocts mostly cylindrical. Upper valve of ovipositor, without depressed ventral margin............................................................................................. 11</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/45678794FF93FFEDAD962228FA7E57BC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Weissman, David B.	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Weissman, David B. (2020): Review of Glaphyrosoma (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Anostostomatidae) including new species and biological information. Zootaxa 4779 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4779.1.1
45678794FF90FFECAD962745FDDC50E6.text	45678794FF90FFECAD962745FDDC50E6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glaphyrosoma mexicanum (Saussure 1859)	<div><p>Glaphyrosoma mexicanum (Saussure, 1859)</p><p>(Figures 3–6, Map 1)</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:19696</p><p>Specimens examined. 3♂. 2♀. ♂. Mexico, Michoacán, 40 Km E of Morelia on Highway 15 libre at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-100.90987&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.664862" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -100.90987/lat 19.664862)">Km</a> post 205; 2370 m; 19°39’53.5’’N, 100°54’35.5’’W. 1 June 2008; DBW # S08-33 . D.B. Weissman, D.C. Lightfoot. (R08-16, F2048) CASENT 9077215 . Same data as first male but different codes. ♀. (S08-33, F2016), CASENT 9077089 . ♂. (S08-33, R08-16, F2049), CASENT 9077213 (CAS) . ♂. (S08-33, R08-16), CASENT 9077072 . ♀. (S08-33, F2014), CASENT 9077091 (CAUD) .</p><p>Redescription. Male. Body mid-sized for subfamily, shining, and relatively uniformly colored: head and majority of tergites dark brown but with lower half of frons (Figs. 3A, B, 6), most part of mouthparts, scape, pedicel, ventrolateral and first half parts of tergites from pronotum to subapical tergite, and apical tenth abdominal tergite ochre, as well as with all ocelli and all palpi yellowish (Figs. 3B, C, D); rest of body from light brown to yellowish, with somewhat darkened small (almost brown) areas near femur-tibia articulations as well as subapical third of hind femur (Fig. 3A). Fore tibia with ventral margin is covered by a dense row of hairs from the middle towards the apex, and on the dorsal margin, that row of hairs continues in the distal portion. Mid tibia armed with three ventral spines on each side. Hind femur with four transverse rows of pegs, on inner side near base (Fig. 3E). Hind tibia with eight spines on dorso-outer margin and nine spines on dorso-inner margin. First two abdominal tergites with small equidistant grouped pegs (Fig. 3D). Posterior edge of the ninth tergite straight, moderately prolonged, partially covering the last abdominal tergite (Fig. 3F); tenth tergite armed with two moderately thickened and conspicuous hooks (one for each plate) (Figs. 3G, H). Epiproct with barely angular posterior edge; each paraproct with large process moderately narrow in proximal half and strongly widened and inflated in distal half, distal part of paraproctal process with dorsal conical tubercle in subapical part and with short spine on the second distal third of this tubercle (Figs. 3E); cerci thin and rather long, almost twice as long as paraprocts (Fig. 3H); subgenital plate slightly transverse, somewhat narrowing toward apex, with moderately short latero-apical styles, flattened, cylindrical and with rounded apex, and with distinct angular posteromedian notch between them (U-shaped) (Fig. 3J).</p><p>Female. Similar to the male in shape and coloration (Figs. 4A, B, C). Hind femur with five to seven transverse main pegs rows, on inner side near to base. Tenth tergite with a wide furrow, without dividing the last tergite; ovoid epiproct; paraprocts ovoid without specialization. Subgenital plate triangular, wider than long, apex with a moderately prolonged spine (Fig. 4E). Ovipositor almost as long as the hind femur, predominantly straight and slightly curved, rounded apex, valves without denticulations or depressions on margins (Fig. 4F).</p><p>Variation. Main variation is size, with females larger than males. Males have dark brown body stripes more conspicuous than females.</p><p>Measurements (in mm.). Male / Female: LB: 20–23/25–30. Pr: 5–5.5/6. HF: 15–16/16.5–17. HT: 14.5– 15/15–15.5. Ov: 16.5–17.</p><p>Comparison. This species is very similar in color to G. tamaulipas, G. brevivaginalis n. sp. and G. huasteca n. sp., differing in that the brown stripes of the tergites and pronotum are more conspicuous. The male terminalia in G. mexicanum are most similar to G. bulbosum; differing in size, G. bulbosum, are large-sized specimens for the genus (22–29 mm. males and 27–30 mm. females). Additionally, the posterior edge of the ninth tergite is undulated in G. bulbosum, similarly, the membranous region of the ventral margin of the male paraproct (wide in both species) is shorter in G. bulbosum ending in the dorso-distal spine, while in the new species that membranous extension is long and the spine is about half the length of the paraproct, thus resembling the structure of the paraproct of G. anderi . As for the male subgenital plate, the stylli of G. mexicanum are flattened, wide and with the rounded apex, while in G. bulbosum, the stylli are narrow and cylindrical, they do not flatten.</p><p>Habitat. Oak-pine old growth forest with other deciduous tree species.</p><p>Drum. R08-16. This male drummed at 41–48 drums/s at 20°C, with series composed of 55–68 drums total. Between each rapid portion, he made 4 slow drums (Fig. 5).</p><p>Karyotype. Unknown.</p><p>DNA. Vandergast et al. (2017) map (Fig. 2) a leg (F2014) of G. mexicanum in a subclade with G. huasteca, G. brevivaginalis, and Glaphyrosoma 4 (immature female, unidentifiable).</p><p>Comments. The specific type locality (given as “ Mexico ”) of G. mexicanum is unknown. According to our specimens, this the first described species of the genus that is recorded for the Mexican highland’s plateau and the closest to the western slope of the Sierra Madre. Most Mexican species are found on the coastal region of the Gulf of Mexico, or at the foot of the Sierra Madre Oriental mountain range. We determined our specimens as G. mexicanum, by comparing the diagnostic structures of the species, to the images of the type specimens on OSF (Cigliano et al., 2020). It is worth noting that the dried male lectotype creates confusion, when compared to our specimens, because the visible paraprocts of the lectotype are robust, triangular and with the sharp apex. We believe this confusion is caused by the components of the paraprocts, which consist of two sections: a basal part, that is fleshy and thick, and a distal part that is thin and flexible. When the paraprocts are relaxed, the distal section is collected inwards, mostly covered by the basal section, leaving the fleshy section visible and having a sharp mid spine, giving the appearance of a thick and triangular structure. To properly study the lectotype, it is necessary to relax the paraprocts, to be able to observe them. Also, when specimens are dried, the thin and membranous section is reduced and completely covered. Additionally, the edges of the tenth tergite in the lectotype are less wide than in our males, also due to the way the specimen was preserved and its dehydration. When comparing our collected females with the female paralectotype, on OSF, they agree in shape, color and size, although the subgenital plate of the female paralectotype, the prolongation of the apex is not satisfactorily observed, due to the angle of the photograph and lack of contrast. In all other aspects, our females are similar.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/45678794FF90FFECAD962745FDDC50E6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Weissman, David B.	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Weissman, David B. (2020): Review of Glaphyrosoma (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Anostostomatidae) including new species and biological information. Zootaxa 4779 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4779.1.1
45678794FF9DFFE4AD96253FFB4257E8.text	45678794FF9DFFE4AD96253FFB4257E8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glaphyrosoma brevivaginalis Cadena-Castañeda & Weissman 2020	<div><p>Glaphyrosoma brevivaginalis n. sp.</p><p>(Figures 7–10, Map 1)</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:509372</p><p>Holotype. ♂ (in alcohol). Mexico, Nuevo León, Highway 61. 8.1 Km S of Highway 58 at Km 182; 1835m. 20 September 2003. D.B. Weissman, D.C. Lightfoot (D.B. Weissman Stop # 03-108) (S 03-108, Died 3/10), CASENT 9077074, CAS Entomology type # 19280 (CAS).</p><p>Paratypes. 5♀. Same data as holotype, but with different codes: S03-108 F 1372 to 1376. (3 females paratypes to CAS and 2 females to CAUD)</p><p>Others specimens examined. 4♂ immatures. Same data as holotype, used for the dissection of testes. CASENT 9086109 (CAS) .</p><p>Description. Male. Body small for genus, shiny, and relatively uniformly colored (Fig. 7A): head and majority of tergites reddish brown (in a transversally striped body coloration) but with lower half of frons, most part of mouthparts, scape, pedicel, ventrolateral and first half parts of tergites from pronotum to subapical tergite, and apical tenth abdominal tergite ochre, as well as with all ocelli and all palpi yellowish (Figs. 7B, C, D). Fore tibia with ventral margin covered by a soft row of hairs from the middle to the apex, and on the dorsal margin, that row of hairs continues in the distal portion. Mid tibia with four ventral spines on each side. Hind femur with eight transversal main pegs rows on inner side, near to base (Fig. 7D). Hind tibia with nine spines on the dorsal outer margin, and eight spines on the dorsal inner margin. First two abdominal tergites with pegs close together (Fig. 7D). Posterior edge of the ninth tergite rounded, slightly extended to the sides, without completely covering the last abdominal tergite, only the lateral regions (Fig. 7F). Tenth tergite hooks, robust and conspicuous (Figs. 7G, H). Epiproct with straight posterior edge; each paraproct cylindrical, curving upwards from half its length, moderately dilated and with a rounded apex and devoid of spinula; dorsal half of the paraproct in a thin fold, forming a concave cavity on the inner face (Fig. 7I). Cerci thin and rather long, almost 2.5 times as long as paraproct (Fig. 7H); subgenital plate rectangular, wider than long, triangular styles, postero-median notch shallow (Fig. 7J).</p><p>Female. Similar to the male in form, but with lighter coloring patterns and larger (Figs. 8A, B, C, D, 9). Hind femur with four to six transverse main pegs rows, on inner side near to base (three specimens with six pegs rows) (Fig. 8E). Tenth tergite without modifications or furrows; epiproct and paraprocts ovoid, without specializations. Subgenital plate triangular, as wide as long, apex rounded (Fig. 8F). Ovipositor reduced, as long as a fourth of the hind femur’s length, almost straight and with a sharp apex, valves smooth, without denticulations (Fig. 8G).</p><p>Variation. No variations were observed in the specimens studied, only the differences in measurements.</p><p>Measurements (in mm.). Holotype: LB: 18. Pr: 5. HF: 14.5. HT: 14. Paratypes: LB: 15–19. Pr: 5.5–6. HF: 15–16.5. HT: 14–15. Ov: 4–5.</p><p>Etymology. It refers to the reduced ovipositor that contrasts markedly with that of the other species of the genus.</p><p>Habitat. To oatmeal trails in woods.</p><p>Drum. Unknown.</p><p>Karyotype. T03- 26. 2n ♂ = 29. The largest pair of autosomes are metacentric while autosomal pairs 2 through 14 are all rod shaped. The largest chromosome is the single metacentric X (Fig. 10).</p><p>DNA. F1372 &amp; F1373 map (Fig. 2) in Vandergast et al. (2017) closest to G. huasteca n. sp.</p><p>Comparision. G. brevivaginalis n. sp., is similar to G. mexicanum, although the new species is smaller. Both have transversally striped body coloration, but in the new species the brown stripes are thinner and less conspicuous. The male paraprocts in G. brevivaginalis n. sp. lack the preapical spine that is present in G. mexicanum; the membranous region of the paraproct in the new species is dorsal and does not fold, while for G. mexicanum the distal half of this region is membranous and folds into the paraproct. From females, G. brevivaginalis n. sp. has the shortest ovipositor of all known species, reaching only one fourth of the length of the hind femur, in contrast to the other known species, which are as long as half the length of the hind femur or a little longer.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/45678794FF9DFFE4AD96253FFB4257E8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Weissman, David B.	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Weissman, David B. (2020): Review of Glaphyrosoma (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Anostostomatidae) including new species and biological information. Zootaxa 4779 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4779.1.1
45678794FF99FFFEAD96200CFD1850BE.text	45678794FF99FFFEAD96200CFD1850BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glaphyrosoma huasteca Cadena-Castañeda & Weissman 2020	<div><p>Glaphyrosoma huasteca n. sp.</p><p>(Figures 11–16, Map 1)</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:509373</p><p>Holotype. ♂ (in alcohol) Mexico, Tamaulipas, 10 Km N of Altamira on road to Lomas del Real; 10 m., 8 June 1999. D.B. Weissman, V. F. Lee (D.B. Weissman Stop # 99-47) (F954 Killed 9/21) CASENT 9077209 (CAS). CAS Entomology type # 19281 (CAS).</p><p>Paratypes. 3♂. 4♀. Same data as holotype but different codes . ♂. (R99-22 killed 9/19) . ♂. CASENT 9080316 . ♀. (Adult molt 9/23), CASENT 9077206 . ♀. (F953), CASENT 9077210. (CAS) ♂. (R99-24 Killed 9/21, F955), CASENT 9077211 . ♀. (F952), CASENT 9077207 . ♀. (F956), CASENT 9077208 (CAUD) .</p><p>Description. Male. Body larger for genus, shiny and more or less transversally striped (Figs. 11A, 15A): head and majority of tergites dark brown but with lower half of frons (Fig. 11B), five narrow longitudinal brown to dark brown stripes on dorsum, pronotum with dark brown disc and light brown lateral lobes, each lobe with dark brown stripe along anterior edge and with brown band along posterior edge (Figs. 11C, D); rest of body yellowish with light brown to brown most part of outer surface of hind femur, dark brown small marks in region of femur-tibia articulation of hind leg and partly yellowish scape (Fig. 11A). Head rounded, and almost 2.5 times as wide as space between antennal cavities; latter space almost three times as wide as scape; ocelli round, almost equal to each other in size, and as wide as pedicel (Fig. 11B). Femora without small inner apical spinule. Middle tibia with four ventral spines on each ventral margin. Hind femur with four transversal main pegs rows with few spinules (Fig. 11E), hind tibia with ten spines in the dorsal outer and inner margin. First two abdominal tergites with stridulation pegs smaller than the pegs of the others species, very close together; third abdominal tergite with separate peg patch, but less dense than patches on first two tergites (Fig. 11D). Posterior edge of the ninth tergite with a medium notch, partially dividing into two lobes, prolonged and covering the last abdominal tergite (Fig. 11F). Tenth tergite hooks, robust and conspicuous with the sclerotized apices (Figs. 11G, H). Epiproct with rounded posterior edge; each paraproct cylindrical, elongated, curving upwards from the base, with the rounded apex and without spinula, and with a membranous fold, which stretches on the dorsal edge, from the first basal third to near the apex (Fig. 11I). Subgenital plate wider than long, conical styles, posteromedian notch shallow and U-shaped (Fig. 11J).</p><p>Female. Similar to the male in shape and coloration (Figs. 12A, B, C, D, 15B). Hind femur with four to five transversal main pegs rows with few spinules, on inner side near to base (Fig. 12E). First two abdominal tergites with pegs as the male’s, but occupying less area than in the male’s tergites, third abdominal tergite, with few pegs (Fig. 12D). Tenth tergite slightly divided dorsally, paraprocts without specialization and ovoid; subgenital plate triangular as wide as long, without the projected apex (Fig. 12F). Ovipositor gradually curving upwards from the base, apex slightly sharpened, valves without denticulations or depressions along the margins (Fig. 12G).</p><p>Variation. Apart from size, some specimens, have conspicuous brown stripes covering the dorsum of the body, in contrast to other specimens where the stripes are narrower and the rest of the body is more yellowish.</p><p>Measurements (in mm.). Holotype: LB: 27. Pr: 6.5. HF: 16. HT: 1. Paratypes: Male / Female: LB: 25–30/23– 31. Pr: 5.5–6.5/6–7. HF: 15–17/15–16. HT: 13–15.5/12–16. Ov: 10–12.</p><p>Etymology. Named in honor of the Huasteca region, where this species was collected.</p><p>Comparision. In appearance and coloration, this species is similar to G. tamaulipas, although G. huasteca n. sp. is slightly larger. Both species are indistinguishable until examining the terminalia structures. G. tamaulipas paraprocts are robust, have no folds and are armed with an apical spine. In contrast, the new species has slender, elongated and significantly curved paraprocts, in addition to lacking the dorsal spinula. The subgenital plate also varies between species: in G. tamaulipas, the posteromedian notch is constricted and moderately deep; for the new species, the posteromedian notch is shallow. The brown stripes of G. huasteca n. sp. are more conspicuous than in G. tamaulipas .</p><p>Habitat. fields of scrub vegetation and grasses with very sandy substrate in places. Oatmeal put out at 23:30 after late arrival, walked at 00:15 and collected type series.</p><p>All specimens collected as late instars and raised to adult in laboratory. Molt to adults from early August to mid-September, 1999.</p><p>Drum. R99-22 &amp; R99-24. (Figs. 13, 14). Male R99-22 drummed at 38.5–43.5 drums/s at 21.5°C with series of 15–18 drums in length (Fig. 13). Male R99-24 drummed at 29.9–31 drums/s at 18.5°C. In the first male, there were 2–3 slow drums before the rapid series while the second male, in 5 of 16 series, had only 1 drum immediately before the fast series (Fig. 14).</p><p>Karyotype. T99-4, 5, &amp; 8. All with 2n ♂ = 29. Two cells from T99-44 presented: the largest pair of autosomes are metacentric while autosomal pairs 2 through 14 are all rod shaped. The largest chromosome is the single metacentric X (Fig. 16).</p><p>DNA. F953 maps (Fig. 2) in Vandergast et al. (2017) closest to G. brevivaginalis .</p><p>MAP 1. Geographical distribution of the Mexicanum Group</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/45678794FF99FFFEAD96200CFD1850BE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Weissman, David B.	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Weissman, David B. (2020): Review of Glaphyrosoma (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Anostostomatidae) including new species and biological information. Zootaxa 4779 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4779.1.1
45678794FF80FFFDAD962398FB765082.text	45678794FF80FFFDAD962398FB765082.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glaphyrosoma stephanosoltis Richardson, Trimm, Paredes, Koehl & Song 2019	<div><p>Glaphyrosoma stephanosoltis Richardson, Trimm, Paredes, Koehl &amp; Song, 2019</p><p>(Figure 17, Map 2)</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:506875</p><p>Specimen examined: 1♀. Costa Rica, Alajuela. Camino a <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.56011&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.230509" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.56011/lat 10.230509)">Reserva Manuel Antonio Brenes</a>, en el camino 760 msnm. 26 April 2012. 10.230509N - 84.560110W. Monzón y Camposeco leg. (CAUD) .</p><p>Measurements (mm): TL: 24; Pr: 6.5; HF: 26; HT: 27; Ov: 14.</p><p>DNA. F2330 mapped (Fig. 2) in Vandergast et al. (2017). Although our specimen mapped with the Glaphyrosoma / Cnemotettix clade, its closest relative is Lezina concolor Walker, 1869 .</p><p>Comments. The female studied here fits the diagnostic characteristics of the specimens studied by Richardson et al. (2019) (Fig. 17). Additionally, this female was included (F2330) in the genetic analysis of Vandergast et al. (2017) as “new genus Costa Rica ”. Initially it was considered as a different genus because of differences with congeners. But comparing our specimen with the data provided by Richardson et al. (2019), specimens appear conspecific.</p><p>MAP 2. Geographical distribution of the Karnyi Group (circles) and Magnaproctale Group (squares)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/45678794FF80FFFDAD962398FB765082	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Weissman, David B.	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Weissman, David B. (2020): Review of Glaphyrosoma (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Anostostomatidae) including new species and biological information. Zootaxa 4779 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4779.1.1
45678794FF8EFFF3AD9621D8FE0A501B.text	45678794FF8EFFF3AD9621D8FE0A501B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glaphyrosoma gracile Brunner von Wattenwyl 1888	<div><p>Glaphyrosoma gracile Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888</p><p>(Figures 18–20, Map 3)</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:19698</p><p>Specimens examined. 2♂4♂ subadult 1♀. Mexico, Veracruz, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-97.01286&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.90663" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -97.01286/lat 18.90663)">Metlac Canyon of Río Metlac</a>, 18°54’ 23.87’’N– 97°00’46.31’’W. 850 m; 20 June 2006; DBW stop # 06-39. D.B. Weissman, D.C. Lightfoot. (1♂: S06-39, CASENT 9077082), (1♀. S06-39, F1793, CASENT 9077083), (4♂ subadults, S06-39, T06-4, CASENT 9077078, used for the dissection of testes) (CAS), (1♂: S06-39, F1912, CASENT 8413905) (CAUD).</p><p>Redescription. Male. Large for genus, shiny, and relatively uniformly colored (Fig. 18A): head and majority of tergites dark brown but with lower half of epicranium, most part of mouthparts, scape, pedicel, ventrolateral parts of tergites from pronotum to subapical tergite, and apical tenth abdominal tergite light brown, as well as with all ocelli and all palpi yellowish (Figs. 18B, C, D); rest of body from light brown to yellowish, with somewhat darkened (almost brown) small areas near femur-tibia articulations as well as subapical third of hind femur. Head ovoid with rather short and wide rostrum, and almost 1.5 times as wide as space between antennal cavities; latter space almost two times as wide as scape; ocelli round, almost equal to each other in size, and two times wider than pedicel (Fig. 18B). Both tympana present, the outer tympanum is small than the inner one. Mid tibia armed with three ventral spines on each side and apex armed with two distal spines on each side. Hind femur with three transverse main peg rows with few spinules (in comparison to other species), on inner side near to base (Fig. 18E). Hind tibia with nine spines on dorso-outer and dorso-inner margin. First two abdominal tergites with stridulation pegs denser on first lateral tergite than the second one, these pegs are small and irregularly distributed (Fig. 18D). Posterior edge of the ninth tergite incurved on the hooks of the last tergite (Fig. 18F); tenth tergite narrower and covered by the ninth one, divided in the middle, into thin plate, with dorso-medial margin armed with two thickened and conspicuous hooks (Figs. 18G, H). Epiproct with barely angular posterior edge; each paraproct is longer, distinctly S-shaped in the profile, with a rather narrow and almost finger-like distal half, with clearly membranous lateral area, and with small ventrolateral spinule located before the distal curvature (Fig. 18I). Subgenital plate wider than long, with cylindrical styles, and with distinct U-shaped posteromedian notch (Fig. 18J).</p><p>Female. Similar to the male in shape and coloration (Figs. 19A, B, C). Hind femur with two transverse main rows of pegs on inner side near to base (Fig. 19D). Tenth tergite rounded, narrow and undivided; ovoid epiproct; paraprocts ovoid without specialization. Subgenital plate triangular, without distal spine, apical part which is almost truncate or having a very small apical notch (Fig. 19E). Ovipositor 0.7 times as long as the hind femur, up-curved, and with a sharp apex, valves without denticulations or depressions in the margins (Fig. 19F).</p><p>Variation. Our male differs from the specimens studied by Gorochov &amp; Cadena-Castañeda (2016) and the lectotype, in that the distal portion of the S-shaped paraproct, is shorter and obliquely truncated. We believe this is an intraspecific variation. In all other morphological characters, our male agrees with the other specimens.</p><p>Measurements (in mm.). Male / Female: LB: 25–34/29–35. Pr: 6–8.5/6.5–9. HF: 17–24/18–26. HT: 18– 22/18–23. Ov: 9–11. Included here are the range of measurements of the specimens studied by us and those studied by Gorochov &amp; Cadena-Castañeda, 2016.</p><p>Habitat. Open riparian forest.</p><p>Drum. Unknown.</p><p>Karyotype. T 06- 4. 2n ♂ = 29. The largest pair of autosomes are metacentric while autosomal pairs 2 through 14 are all rod shaped. The largest chromosome is the single metacentric X (Fig. 20) .</p><p>DNA. F1793 mapped closest (Vandergast pers. comm. to DBW) to F1792, which is G. paragracile, but F1793 was not included in Vandergast et al. (2017) because it was not recognized as distinct.</p><p>Comparison. The males of this species are the only ones in the genus to have elongated and S-shaped paraprocts. According to Gorochov &amp; Cadena-Castañeda (2016), G. gracile is very similar to G. bulbosum in size, coloration and body structure.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/45678794FF8EFFF3AD9621D8FE0A501B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Weissman, David B.	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Weissman, David B. (2020): Review of Glaphyrosoma (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Anostostomatidae) including new species and biological information. Zootaxa 4779 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4779.1.1
45678794FF8DFFCBAD9623D6FCAF56E4.text	45678794FF8DFFCBAD9623D6FCAF56E4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glaphyrosoma paragracile Cadena-Castañeda & Weissman 2020	<div><p>Glaphyrosoma paragracile n. sp.</p><p>(Figures 21–24, Map 3)</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:509374</p><p>Holotype. ♂ (in alcohol). Mexico, Veracruz, Metlac Canyon of Río Metlac; 18°54’23.87’’ –97°00’46.31’’. 850m. 20 June 2006; D.B. Weissman, D.C. Lightfoot (DBW Stop # 06-39) (S-06-39, R06-147) CASENT 9077079 (CAS). CAS Entomology type # 20061 (CAS).</p><p>Paratypes. 2 ♀ 1♂. Same data as holotype but different codes: ♀. (S-06-39 F1792) CASENT 9077077 . ♂ (S06- 39 F1797) CASENT 9077076 (CAS) . ♀. (S 06-39 F1913) CASENT 9077081 (CAUD) .</p><p>Description. Male. Medium-sized for genus, shiny, and relatively uniformly colored (Figs. 21A, 24A): head and majority of tergites brown but with lower half of epicranium, most part of mouthparts, scape, pedicel, ventrolateral parts of tergites from pronotum to subapical tergite, and apical tenth abdominal tergite light brown, as well as with all ocelli and all palpi yellowish; rest of body from light brown to yellowish, with somewhat darkened (almost brown) (Figs. 21B, C, D) small areas near femur-tibia articulations as well as subapical third of hind femur. Head ovoid with rather short and wide rostrum, and almost two times as wide as space between antennal cavities; latter space almost two times as wide as scape; ocelli round, almost equal to each other in size, and 1.5 times wider than pedicel (Fig. 21B). Fore tibia with ventral margin covered by a soft row of hairs from near the base towards the apex, and in the dorsal margin, that row of hairs continues in the distal portion. Middle tibia with four ventral spines on each margin and two spines on each dorsal margin. Hind femur with two transversal main pegs rows with few spinules, on inner side near to base; hind tibia with nine spines on the dorsal external margin, and eight spines on the dorsal internal margin (Fig. 21E). First two abdominal tergites with pegs occupying small area of the lateral section of tergites, very close to pleural membrane, these pegs are small and irregularly distributed (Fig. 21D). Posterior edge of the ninth tergite wavy, covering the last abdominal tergite (Fig. 21F); tenth tergite divided in the middle, dorso-medial margin with hooks (the hook of the right plate is missing in the holotype specimen), conical, moderately thickened, straight and with the slightly sharp apex (Figs. 21G, H). Epiproct with rounded posterior edge; each paraproct lanceolate, curving up near the base, narrowing and thinning towards the apex, armed with a lateral spine, near the apex (Fig. 21I). Subgenital plate wider than long, conical styles, shallow and rounded posteromedian notch (Fig. 21J).</p><p>Female. Similar to the male in shape and coloration (Figs. 22A, B, C, D, 24B). Hind femur with three transversal main pegs rows with few spinules on inner side near to base (Fig. 22A). First two abdominal tergites with pegs as in the male, but with the pegs close together (Fig. 22D). Tenth tergite dorsally divided, rounded epiproct, paraprocts without specialization and ovoid. Subgenital plate triangular with slightly pronounced apex (Fig. 22F). Ovipositor slightly curving upward from the mesal portion, apex moderately sharp, valves without denticulations or depressions on the margins (Fig. 22G).</p><p>Variation. No variations were observed in the specimens studied, only the differences in measurements.</p><p>Measurements (in mm.). Holotype: LB: 25. Pr: 5.5. HF: 15. HT: 14. Paratypes: Male / Females: LB: 21/23– 25. Pr: 5/4.5–5.5. HF: 15/14.5–19.5. HT: 14/11–19. Ov: 7.5–8.5.</p><p>Etymology. refers to closeness and kinship with G. gracile .</p><p>Habitat. Open riparian forest.</p><p>Drum. R06-147 This male drummed around 29 drums/s at 15.5°C with series of 30–103 drums in length (Fig. 23).</p><p>Karyotype. Unknown.</p><p>DNA. F1792 ( G. paragracile) mapped closest (Vandergast pers. comm. to DBW) to F1793, which is G. gracile, but F1793 was not included in Vandergast et al. (2017) because it was not recognized as distinct.</p><p>Comparison. G. paragracile n. sp., is similar in coloration and ovipositor to microsympatric G. gracile . The species can be differentiated by terminal structures: while the paraprocts in both have a preapical spine, those in the new species don’t have an apical curvature, and lack the membranous area on the dorsal margin. The subgenital plates in both females are triangular, with the apex prolonged.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/45678794FF8DFFCBAD9623D6FCAF56E4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Weissman, David B.	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Weissman, David B. (2020): Review of Glaphyrosoma (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Anostostomatidae) including new species and biological information. Zootaxa 4779 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4779.1.1
45678794FFB6FFC8AD962308FD31528B.text	45678794FFB6FFC8AD962308FD31528B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glaphyrosoma unumtympana Cadena-Castañeda & Weissman 2020	<div><p>Glaphyrosoma unumtympana n. sp.</p><p>(Figures 25–27, Map 3)</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:509375</p><p>Holotype. ♂ (in alcohol). Honduras, Cortés, Cusuco National Park; 15° 32’ –88° 17’, 1500m, 5 December 1996; D.B. Weissman. (S96-101). Molted to adult 9-vii-1997. CAS Entomology type #20062 (CAS).</p><p>Paratypes. ♀. (in alcohol). Same data as holotype (CAS) .</p><p>Description. Male. Medium-sized for genus, shiny, and relatively uniformly colored (Fig. 25A): head and majority of tergites brown but with lower half of epicranium, most part of mouthparts, scape, pedicel, ventrolateral parts of tergites from pronotum to subapical tergite (Figs. 25B, C, D), and apical tenth abdominal tergite light brown, as well as with all ocelli and all palpi yellowish; dorsal apex of hind femur with a white and diffuse spot; rest of body from light brown to yellowish. Head ovoid with rather short and wide rostrum, and almost two times as wide as space between antennal cavities; latter space almost two times as wide as scape; ocelli round, almost equal to each other in size, and 1.5 times wider than pedicel (Fig. 25B). Fore tibia only with tympana on inner side. Middle tibia with three ventral spines on each margin and two spines on each dorsal margin. Hind femur with three transversal main pegs rows with few spinules on inner side near to base (Fig. 25E); hind tibia with nine spines on the dorsal outer margin, and eight spines on the dorsal internal margin. First two abdominal tergites with stridulation pegs very close to pleural membrane, these pegs are small and regularly distributed (Fig. 25D). Posterior edge of the ninth tergite wavy, covering the last abdominal tergite; tenth tergite divided in the middle (Fig. 25F), dorso-medial margin with hooks, conical, thickened, curved up and with a sharp apex (Figs. 25G, H). Epiproct with rounded posterior edge; each paraproct lanceolate, laterally flattened, thickened, curving up near the base, armed with an apical spine (Fig. 25I). Subgenital plate wider than long, conical styles, shallow and rounded posteromedian notch (Fig. 25J).</p><p>Female. Similar to the male in shape and coloration (Figs. 26A, B). Hind femur with two transverse main pegs rows with few spinules on inner side near to base. First two abdominal tergites with stridulation pegs as in the male, but with less number of pegs. Tenth tergite dorsally divided, rounded epiproct, paraprocts without specialization and ovoid. Subgenital plate triangular with rounded apex (Fig. 26C). Ovipositor curving upward from the basal portion, apex sharp, upper valves without denticulations but with depressions on the ventro-distal margin (Fig. 26D).</p><p>Measurements (in mm.). Holotype: LB: 26. Pr: 6.5. HF: 15. HT: 14. Paratype: LB: 14. Pr: 5.5. HF: 16. HT: 17. Ov: 8.5.</p><p>Etymology. The species name comes from the Latin unum: one and - tympanum, referring to the presence of only one tympanum in the fore tibia.</p><p>Habitat. 2 late instar females and 3 late instar males all collected at oatmeal trail, at night, laid in pines, Liquidambar, and ferns.</p><p>Drum. Unknown.</p><p>Karyotype. T 97- 15. 2n ♂ = 28, All 13 pairs of autosomes are rod shaped with the metacentric X the largest chromosome and the medium sized Y also a rod. This is the only species of Glaphyrosoma known with an XY sex determination system (Fig. 27) .</p><p>DNA. Unknown</p><p>Comparison. This new species is close to G. gracile and G. paragracile n. sp., presenting the laterally flattened paraprocts, although in G. unumtympana n. sp., the paraprocts are wider and with a distal spine, in contrast to the other two species that have preapical spine, or elongated paraprocts, becoming S-shaped. The female ovipositor is similar to the females of G. anderi and G. beretka, with depressions in the upper valve, but the new species is distinguished from the other two, having depression in the ventral margin of the upper valve, in contrast to G. anderi which has depression on the dorsal margin without reaching the apex of the upper valve, and G. beretka with depression only at the apex of the dorsal valve. G. unumtympana n. sp., is the only known species with tympana on one side of the fore tibia. The other species with tympana on both side of the fore tibia, except the species of the Mexicanum Group, without tympana.</p><p>MAP 3. Geographical distribution of the Gracile Group.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/45678794FFB6FFC8AD962308FD31528B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Weissman, David B.	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Weissman, David B. (2020): Review of Glaphyrosoma (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Anostostomatidae) including new species and biological information. Zootaxa 4779 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4779.1.1
