taxonID	type	description	language	source
4601B445FFD3FFE51EB6FB3DD00B870E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Rostrum well developed, toothed dorsally and ventrally, without an elevated basal crest; upper margin bearing single row of setae between dorsal teeth. Carapace smooth, bearing distinct branchiostegal spine and groove; branchiostegal spine usually situated on carapace edge but may be set back; groove usually running straight back from carapace edge in a shallow arc but may rise upwards and over spine before continuing posteriorly or, in P. intermedius, into and over but not past its posterior edge. Antennal spine generally strong, on anterior margin of carapace some distance below rounded lower orbital angle. Mandibular palp usually of 2 or 3 articles, but may be absent. Eyes distinctly pigmented, cornea well developed. Anterior margin of antennular peduncle rounded, anterolateral spine small. First pleopod of male without or with rudimentary appendix interna on endopod. Propodus of fifth pereopod with several transverse rows of setae on distal part of the posterior margin. Telson with 2 slender median setae on posterior margin. Pleura of fifth abdominal somite usually ending in small sharp point. Remarks. The revised diagnosis allows for the variable position of the branchiostegal spine and accommodates the hepatic position of this spine seen in some Australian species.	en	Walker, T. M., Poore, G. C. B. (2003): Rediagnosis of Palaemon and differentiation of southern Australian species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 60 (2): 243-256, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2003.60.25, URL: https://museumsvictoria.com.au/collections-research/journals/memoirs-of-museum-victoria/volume-60-issue-2-2003/pages-243-256/
4601B445FFD3FFE91D0CFE93D0E18368.taxon	description	Figures 1 d, 2 a – e, 3 a, 3 b, 4, 5	en	Walker, T. M., Poore, G. C. B. (2003): Rediagnosis of Palaemon and differentiation of southern Australian species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 60 (2): 243-256, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2003.60.25, URL: https://museumsvictoria.com.au/collections-research/journals/memoirs-of-museum-victoria/volume-60-issue-2-2003/pages-243-256/
4601B445FFD3FFE91D0CFE93D0E18368.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined for redescription. 15 males, 12.7 – 27.3 mm body length, 20 females including 7 ovigerous, 12.7 – 34.5 mm body length, Margate Beach, mouth of North West Bay River Estuary, Tasmania, T. Walker, 1975. 4 adult females, D’Entrecasteaux Channel, Middleton, 14 m, Tasmania, T. Walker, Khin Khin U and T. Sward, 11 Apr 1975. 4 ovigerous females, 2 mature males, Western Port, Victoria, Fisheries and Wildlife Department, Victoria, 29 Nov 1973. 3 ovigerous females, 1 mature male, Spalding Cove, 4 – 12 m, South Australia, 5 Nov 1969. Additional material. Numerous sites in Tasmania, Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia, New South Wales, Queensland; including many lots registered in Museum Victoria. Diagnosis. Carapace smooth; branchiostegal spine set back from anterior edge of carapace and open posteriorly; branchiostegal groove running from carapace edge upwards and posteriorly to dorsoposterior edge of the spine where it stops. Rostrum upper border with 7 – 10 teeth (usually 8 or fewer, commonly 9); 2 – 3 of these (usually 2) postorbital; dorsal teeth evenly spaced although proximal 3 or 4 often closer together than remainder and incompletely articulated; ventral rostral border with 4 – 6 teeth (usually 5) evenly spaced over distal two-thirds; Description. (based on 15 males, 20 females from Margate Beach, Tasmania) Maximum body length (orbit to telson tip) c. 30 mm in males, c. 40 mm in females. Carapace smooth; antennal spine strong and marginal; branchiostegal spine set back from anterior edge of carapace and open posteriorly; branchiostegal margin rounded, branchiostegal groove running from carapace edge upwards and posteriorly to dorsoposterior edge of the spine where it stops. Eyes well developed, with ocellus; interocular tooth well developed. Rostral tip level with or exceeding terminal setae of scaphocerite; length: depth ratio 6.9 – 10.0 in males, 6.2 – 8.8 in females; upper border straight to concave; body length: rostral length ratio 2.5 – 3.1 in males, 2.8 – 3.6 in females; lateral carina gently and concavely curved, degree of curvature variable; third to half rostrum above lateral carina; upper border with 7 – 10 teeth (usually 8 or less commonly 9); 2 – 3 of these (usually 2) postorbital; dorsal teeth evenly spaced although proximal 3 or 4 are often closer together than remainder and incompletely articulated; rostral tip usually bifid but may be trifid or a single point; single row of plumose setae along upper border between but not on teeth; ventral rostral border with 4 – 6 teeth (usually 5) evenly spaced over distal two-thirds; 2 rows of plumose setae on ventral border between but not on teeth. Antennule well developed, article 1 of peduncle about 2.5 times length of articles 2 and 3; article 2 slightly longer than 3, bearing elongate, blunt projection on medial edge; basal article elongate and rectangular, about 2.3 times as long as wide, expanded and flattened on its inner edge, bearing several transverse and longitudinal rows of plumose setae, including subapical row extending across dorsal surface; setae longer over inner half of this row; basolateral spine slender, sharply pointed, reaching over half article 1; outer flagellum of antennular exopod much longer than inner flagellum; inner flagellum fused with outer usually over basal third of its length, about 13 articles in adult, fused up to half its length in juvenile; each free article of inner flagellum with medial and terminal transverse row of sensory setae, medial row bearing 3 - 4 setae and transverse row 4 setae in males, both rows bearing 3 setae in females. Antenna with well developed peduncle with strong distolateral tooth, well developed flagellum and scaphocerite; proximal article of flagellum with blunt anteroventral projection; flagellum naked. Scaphocerite elongate, rectangular, extending well beyond peduncle, widest just anterior to its base, about one quarter of body length, 3.3 – 4.3 times as long as wide; distal and inner lateral edges bearing row of long plumose setae; outer edge naked, slightly concave, ending distally in well developed tooth that just fails to overlap anterior edge of lamella; inside edge straight or slightly concave. Mandible- incisor of one side with 3 teeth (either side), incisor of the other usually with 4; palp with 3 articles; article 3 longest, with 3 terminal setae longer than article. Maxillule endopod with bifid tip; distal lobe acute, naked; proximal lobe bearing 1 plumose seta; coxal endite with long setae and terminally 4 – 5 stout setae; basal endite with 3 rows of stout setae along terminal, inner edge extending down proximal margin as longer setae. Maxilla basal endites elongate, nearly rectangular, both bearing long, stout setae terminally, distal endite with row of 5 setae along distal margin near its base; endopod with 3 short setae; scaphognathite proximal lobe wider and shorter than distal; coxa with small expansion near base (? epipod). Maxilliped 1 with rectangular coxa with endite and bilobed epipod; basis with endite; endopod with 1 long, subterminal seta; well developed exopod with prominent lateral lobe; endites with stout setae along mesial edges, and distal on basal endite; both with single row of similar setae on posterior face. Maxilliped 2 with well developed exopod; coxa with poorly developed endite (on its outer edge), epipod and podobranch; ischiobasis about twice as long as wide, with scattered setae; endopod merus half length of ischiobasis, carpus about half length of merus, propodus expanded, about as long as merus but twice as wide, dactylus short and wide; anterior and mesial margin of propodus bearing rows of setae, some on anterior margin strong. Maxilliped 3 epipod, medial margin setose; exopod extending beyond article 1 of endopod. Endopod ischio-merus 1.4 – 2 times as long as propodo-dactylus; carpus 1.2 – 1.6 times as long as latter; ischio-merus with 2 rows of long setae, one on each of posterior and anteromesial margins; carpus with similar rows and additional row on lateral surface; propodo-dactylus with stout terminal seta and numerous plumose and serrate setae, parallel rows of shorter, serrate setae across anteromesial surface and longer plumose setae elsewhere. Two arthrobranchs, one rudimentary and obscured by the larger; maxilliped endopod relatively shorter in males than females. Body length: maxilliped 3 length ratio 3.7 – 4.5 in males, 3.5 – 4.3 in females. Pereopod 1 articles smooth; reaching approximately to level of scaphocerite spine; tufts of serrate setae on posteroproximal region of palm and distomesial surface of carpus; outer surface of propodal finger with tufts of serrate setae, simple setae on both fingers; posteromesial ridge of ischium and merus with single row of long setae; fingers with simple cutting edge, 0.8 – 1.2 times as long as palm; carpus 1.5 – 2.5 times as long as chela and 1.1 – 1.4 times as long as merus; merus 1.1 – 1.9 times as long as ischium. Body length: pereopod 1 ratio 2.5 – 3.1 in males, 2.0 – 2.6 in females. Pereopods 2 equal, similar in males and females, articles smooth, usually exceeding scaphocerite by all of palm; fingers slender, curved, with small tooth at base, cutting edges serrate, sometimes one or both smooth, particularly in smaller individuals; palm swollen, laterally flattened, 2.8 – 3.4 times as long as wide; palm 0.9 – 1.2 as long as fingers, usually longer; carpus long and slender, narrow proximally, 6.0 – 8.5 times as long as wide at that point, distally 1.7 – 2.4 times as wide as at base, length 6.0 – 8.5 times distal width; chela 0.9 – 1.4 times as long as carpus and 1.2 – 1.5 times merus; merus 1.0 – 1.3 times as long as ischium. Body length: pereopod 2 ratio 1.6 – 1.9 in males, 1.3 – 1.8 in females. Pereopods 3 – 5 progressively longer, mainly owing to increase in lengths of propodi. Pereopod 3 simple, slightly less than half body length; dactylus with small cutting edge on posterior border; propodus with 2 rows of long setae anteriorly, 2 variable rows of short plumose setae, outer row with 5 – 9 setae; propodus 2.0 – 2.5 times as long as dactylus and 1.5 – 1.9 times as long as carpus in males, 1.6 – 2.4 in females; merus 1.1 – 1.3 times as long as propodus and 1.1 – 1.5 times as wide; merus 1.9 – 2.4 times as long as ischium; 1.9 – 2.1 times as long as carpus in males, 1.9 – 2.4 in females. Pereopod 4 similar to 3, but slightly longer; propodus length about 2.5 times as long as dactylus, about twice as long as carpus; merus about same length as propodus and twice as long as ischium. Pereopod 5 similar to 3 and 4, slightly longer than 4; row of 5 – 7 short setae on lateral posterior margin of propodus with 5 – 7 parallel rows of serrate setae distally; mesial posterior edge with row of 7 – 10 short setae. Propodus 2.6 – 3.1 times as long as dactylus in male, 2.0 – 2.8 in female. Branchial formula (r = rudimentary). Maxillipeds Pereopods Total gills 12 3 12345 Pleurobranchs – – – 1 1 1 1 1 5 Arthrobranchs – – 1 + 1 r – – – – – 1 + 1 r Podobranchs – 1 – – – – – – 1 Exopods 1 1 1 – – – – – 3 Epipods 1 1 1 – – – – – 3 Pleopod 1 with well developed exopod and smaller endopod; appendix interna absent. Endopod of male little more than half as long as exopod, with convex outer edge, concave inner edge, about 4 times as long as wide. Endopod of female smaller, about one third as long as exopod, about 3 times as long as wide. Pleopods 2 – 5 with equally developed exopod and endopod; endopod with appendix interna. Endopod of male pleopod 2 with appendix masculina, longer than appendix interna, usually with 22 setae along its length, 6 of which are apical or subapical; each seta up to half as long as appendix masculina. Pleopods 1 – 2 and to a lesser extent 3 – 5 with keel-shaped, flattened extension on lateral edge, smaller in male than female. First abdominal pleuron about 2 – 3 times as long as wide; second abdominal pleuron about 1.5 times as long as wide; apex of fifth pleuron acute, with short terminal spine; sixth abdominal article 1.4 – 1.8 times as long as fifth. Ventral edges of abdominal pleura with row of short, plumose setae. Telson 2.0 – 2.5 times wider at base than apex, length 2.9 – 4.2 times basal width; 1.1 – 1.4 times as long as sixth abdominal somite; with 2 pairs of dorsal stout setae and larger inner and smaller outer terminal pair; apex produced into acute spine flanked by a 1 simple seta on each side and occasionally a shorter second pair; apical spine much shorter than the terminal setae; tuft of long plumose setae dorsomedially near base of telson. Uropods endopod elongate, fringed with long plumose setae; exopod rectangular; transverse suture on exopod about two-thirds of distance from base; outer edge of exopod entire, ending at suture line in an immovable spine; second movable seta often present inside spine; remainder of margin fringed by row of long plumose setae; posterior to immovable spine, dorsally and ventrally, a row of about 12 long, non-plumose setae set back from margin, extending almost to apex of exopod; ventrally, outer margin from base of the exopod to the immovable spine with row of stout, simple setae just inside the margin. Colour pattern. Carapace chromatophore lines usually red; abdominal markings generally olive green, black and red; accessory flagellum distinctly marked with alternate red and white bands. Sexual dimorphism in adults. Males are smaller than females; with larger sternal process on the eighth thoracomere; smaller keel-like expansion on outer edge of peduncles of pleopods; appendix masculina on pleopod 2; significantly larger endopod on pleopod 1; 4 setae in distal sensory row on each article of antennular inner flagellum (3 in adult female); rostrum more slender and longer; longer carpus in pereopod 2; maxilliped 3, pereopods 1 and 3 shorter relative to body length; the ratio of length of propodus and dactylus of pereopod 5 significantly greater. Females ovigerous from 19.5 mm body length; bearing approximately 100 – 700 ovoid eggs, larger females bearing more eggs; egg size 0.55 – 1.0 mm depending on developmental stage, 0.9 – 1.0 mm when ready to hatch. Ontogenetic changes. Some characters alter as the size of males and females increases. In females, the scaphocerite becomes stouter and shorter relative to body length; the number of articles over which the antennular flagella are fused increases; the carpus and merus of pereopod 1 become longer relative to other articles; the number of parallel rows of setae on the propodus of pereopod 5 increases, and pereopod 2 becomes longer. In males, the number of articles over which the antennular flagella are fused increases; length ratios between articles of pereopods 1 – 5 differ; pereopod 1 becomes slightly shorter relative to body length. In early post-larval stages, the mandibular palp and the branchiostegal groove are absent and a branchiostegal spine is present on the edge of the carapace. Over a series of moults, a palp of three articles and the branchiostegal groove form and the branchiostegal spine migrates posteriorly and upwards to its final position in adults. Variation. The type or types of Leander intermedius Stimpson, 1860 are lost. They were collected from Port Jackson, NSW. Examples of the species from nearby Port Hacking most resemble the typical Tasmanian form from Margate Beach but examples from other locations including Tasmania differ. Deep-water form (5 adult females, 29.3 – 36.6 mm, D’Entrecasteaux Channel). More slender and longer legged than shallow water form. Scaphocerite more slender, rostrum with 2 – 3 but usually 3 postorbital teeth rather than 2; Pereopods 1, 3, 5 longer, body length 2.2 – 2.3 times as long as pereopod 1, 1.7 – 1.9 times as long as pereopod 2, 1.5 – 1.6 times as long as pereopod 5; carpus of pereopod 2 longer, carpus length 2.0 – 2.3, 3.7 – 4.7, 1.2 – 1.4 and 1.9 – 2.1 times as long as chela, fingers, merus and ischium respectively; palm more swollen, length 2.6 – 2.8 times its maximum width; apex of carpus more expanded; pereopods 3 and 5 with longer propodus; telson stouter, at least at its base, 2.2 – 3.8 times as long as basal width. Intermediate form (4 ovigerous females, 21.2 – 33.0 mm, 2 adult males 26.2 mm, Western Port, Vic.). More similar to the deep-water form particularly in number of postorbital rostral teeth, length of pereopods 2, 3, 5, and the degree the palm is swollen on pereopod 2. South Australian form (3 females (2 ovigerous) 21.9 – 35.9 mm, 1 adult male 20.8 mm, Spalding Cove, Port Lincoln. SA). Resembles closely Tasmanian material except for 3 postorbital rostral teeth and a more swollen palm on pereopod 2. Remarks. Palaemon intermedius bears what appears to be an hepatic spine but it is set lower down and not as far back from the carapace edge as is usual in Macrobrachium, the genus to which it was assigned by Holthuis (1952). The branchiostegal groove appears to run back to the spine and over it, but ceasing at the back of the spine. The spine is open posteriorly, having no suture line between it and the carapace in that region. The migration of the branchiostegal spine from the carapace edge during ontogeny is arrested partly completed and the value of this character for generic assignment is therefore limited. Generic assignment is based principally on the other characters.	en	Walker, T. M., Poore, G. C. B. (2003): Rediagnosis of Palaemon and differentiation of southern Australian species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 60 (2): 243-256, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2003.60.25, URL: https://museumsvictoria.com.au/collections-research/journals/memoirs-of-museum-victoria/volume-60-issue-2-2003/pages-243-256/
4601B445FFDFFFED1D0CFA59D0E38049.taxon	description	Figures 1 e, 2 f – j, 3 c, 6, 7 Palaemon sp. — Walker, 1979. Material examined. Holotype. Margate Beach, North West Bay, Tas. (lat long) in Zostera muelleri and Heterozostera tasmanica on sand, 0.2 – 1 m, T. Walker, 12 Dec 1973, NMV J 52659 (male, 6.5 mm postorbital carapace length, 42 mm total length). Allotype. Collected with holotype, NMV J 52660 (ovigerous female, 8.9 mm postorbital carapace length, 45 mm total length) Paratypes. Collected with holotype, NMV J 52661 (92 specimens, 4.7 – 9.0 mm postorbital carapace length) Material described. 26 males, 12 – 35 mm body length, 28 females, including 6 ovigerous, 12.6 – 40 mm body length, Margate Beach and in brackish water from North West Bay River Estuary, Margate, Tasmania, in seagrasses Zostera muelleri and Heterozostera tasmanica, T. M. Walker, 1975. 1 ovigerous female, 32.1 mm body length, Western Port, Victoria, intertidally on mud, Fisheries and Wildlife Department, Victoria, 8 Jan 1974. 8 females, 2 ovigerous 13.9 – 34.6 mm, 6 males, 15.3 – 23.8 mm, ICI Saltfields, Port Gawler, South Australia, ICI staff, 13 Jan 1973. 6 ovigerous females, 37.7 – 50.7 mm, Newport Power Station, Victoria. H. A. Morrison, 21 July 1949. Additional material from 50 sites in Tasmania (including Flinders and King Islands), 2 in Victoria, 3 in South Australia. Diagnosis. Carapace smooth; branchiostegal spine set back from and its tip barely reaching anterior carapace edge, set high up on brachiostegite; branchiostegal groove runs up to, loops over the spine and sweeps down again posteriorly. Rostrum upper border with 6 – 9 teeth; 1 – 2 of these (usually 2) postorbital; dorsal teeth unevenly spaced, first set back from rest on carapace, next 3 or 4 evenly spaced, incompletely articulated, increasingly longer gap between next 3 until penultimate tooth close to distal tooth; ventral rostral border with 3 – 6 teeth (usually 4), evenly spaced over distal two-thirds. Description. (based on 26 males, 28 females from Margate Beach, Tasmania. Characters resembling P. intermedius not described) Maximum body length (orbit to telson tip) c. 42 mm in males, c. 51 mm in females. Carapace smooth; antennal spine strong and marginal; branchiostegal spine set back from and its tip barely reaching anterior carapace edge, set high up on brachiostegite; branchiostegal groove runs up to, loops over the spine and sweeps down again posteriorly. Eyes well developed, with ocellus; interocular tooth well developed. Rostral tip exceeding lamella of scaphocerite; length: depth ratio 6.5 – 9.3 in males, 5.3 – 7.6 in females; upper border straight to concave; body length: rostral length ratio 2.4 – 3.6 in males, 2.5 – 3.5 in females; lateral carina gently concave and directed upwards at tip; third to half rostrum above lateral carina; upper border with 6 – 9 teeth; 1 – 2 of these (usually 2) postorbital; dorsal teeth unevenly spaced, first set back from rest on carapace, next 3 or 4 evenly spaced, incompletely articulated, increasingly longer gap between next 3 until penultimate tooth close to distal tooth; rostral tip appears bifid; single row of plumose setae along upper border between but not on teeth; ventral rostral border with 3 – 6 teeth (usually 4), evenly spaced over distal two-thirds; 2 rows of plumose setae on ventral border between but not on teeth. Antennule well developed; basal article bearing subapical transverse row of 10 plumose setae, not extending onto stylocerite; basilateral spine moderately slender, sharply pointed, reaching over half basal article of peduncle; inner flagellum fused with outer usually over basal third of its length, about 11 – 12 articles in male and 14 – 15 in female, fused up to half its length in juveniles; each free article of inner flagellum with mesial and terminal transverse row of sensory setae, mesial row of 3 – 4 and distal of 4 setae in female, mesial row of 4 and distal of 5 (occasionally 4) setae in male; sensory setae noticeably shorter than those in P. intermedius. Antennal scaphocerite elongate, rectangular, widest near base, 3.2 – 4.1 times as long as wide; outer edge slightly convex to slightly concave, with terminal spine that just fails reach anterior edge of lamella; inside edge straight or concave over distal two thirds, convex proximally. Mandible incisor of one side with 3 teeth (either side), incisor of the other usually with 4; palp with 3 articles; article 2 with 10 or more setae; article 3 slightly swollen, setose including 3 terminal and 2 subterminal setae; article 3 length about twice article 2, article 1 about 1.5 times article 2. Maxillule endopod with bifid tip, naked, distal lobe acute. Maxilla endopod with 2 short setae on inner edge and about 10 on proximal half of outer edge. Maxilliped 1 endopod without seta. Maxilliped 3 epipod, mesial margin setose; exopod extending to end of article 1 of endopod. Endopod ischio-merus 1.3 – 2 times as long as propodo-dactylus; carpus 1.2 – 1.6 times as long as latter; ischio-merus with 2 rows of long setae, one on each of posterior and anteromesial margins; propodo-dactylus with stout terminal seta Body length: maxilliped 3 length ratio 3.8 – 4.5 in both sexes. Pereopod 1 articles smooth; reaching approximately to tip of scaphocerite lamella; tufts of serrate setae on posteroproximal region of palm and distomesial surface of carpus; outer surface of propodal finger with tufts of serrate setae, simple setae on both fingers; posteromesial ridge of ischium and merus with single row of long setae; fingers with simple cutting edge, 0.8 – 1.4 times as long as palm; carpus 1.3 – 2.2 times as long as chela and 1.0 – 1.4 times as long as merus; merus 1.3 – 1.8 times as long as ischium. Body length: pereopod 1 ratio 2.4 – 2.9 in both sexes. Pereopods 2 equal, similar in males and females, articles smooth, usually exceeding scaphocerite by at least fingers; fingers slender, curved, with small tooth at base, cutting edges serrate, sometimes one or both smooth, particularly in smaller animals; palm slightly swollen, laterally flattened, 2.6 – 4.0 times as long as wide; palm 1.0 – 1.4 as long as fingers; carpus long and slender, narrow proximally, thickens distally to be 1.5 – 2.5 times wider than at base, length: apical width ratio 6.4 – 8.8 in males, 5.2 – 7.7 in females; chela 0.8 – 1.2 times as long as carpus and 1.0 – 1.4 times merus; merus 1.0 – 1.5 times as long as ischium. Body length: pereopod 2 ratio 1.6 – 2.2 in both sexes. Pereopods 3 – 5 progressively longer, mainly due to increase in lengths of propodi. Pereopod 3 reaching about end of scaphocerite; dactylus with small cutting edge on posterior bor- der; propodus with 2 rows of long setae anteriorly, 2 variable rows of short flagellate setae, outer row usually with 4 – 5 setae in male, 5 – 6 in female, inner row usually with 3 – 5 in male, 5 in female; propodus 1.5 – 2.1 times as long as dactylus and 1.4 – 1.8 times as long as carpus in males, 1.6 – 2.0 in females; merus 1.0 – 1.4 times as long as propodus and 0.9 – 1.5 times as wide; merus 1.8 – 2.4 times as long as ischium; 1.6 – 2.2 times as long as carpus in male, 1.8 – 2.4 in female. Pereopod 4 similar to 3, but slightly longer. Pereopod 5 similar to 3 and 4, slightly longer than 4. Branchial formula as for P. intermedius. Pleopod 1 with well developed exopod and smaller endopod; appendix interna absent. Endopod of male little more than half as long as exopod, with convex outer edge, concave inner edge, about 4 times as long as wide. Endopod of female smaller, about one third as long as exopod, about 3 times as long as wide. Pleopods 2 – 5 with equally developed exopod and endopod; endopod with appendix interna. Endopod of male pleopod 2 with appendix masculina, longer than appendix interna, usually with 24 setae along its length, 6 of which are apical or subapical; each seta less than third as long as appendix masculina. Pleopods 1 – 2 and to a lesser extent 3 – 5 with keel-shaped, flattened extension on lateral edge, smaller in male than female. First abdominal pleuron about 2 – 3 times as long as wide; second abdominal pleuron about 1.5 times as long as wide; apex of fifth pleuron acute, with short terminal spine; sixth abdominal article 1.3 – 1.9 times as long as fifth. Ventral edges of abdominal pleura with row of short, plumose setae. Telson 2.0 – 2.8 times wider at base than apex, length 3.0 – 4.3 times basal width; 1.0 – 1.3 times as long as sixth abdominal somite; with 2 pairs of dorsal stout setae and larger inner and smaller outer terminal pair; apex produced into acute spine flanked by 1 simple seta on each side and occasionally a shorter second pair; apical spine much shorter than terminal setae; tuft of long plumose setae dorsomedially near base of telson. Uropods endopod elongate, fringed with long plumose setae; exopod rectangular; transverse suture on exopod incomplete laterally, about two-thirds of distance from base; outer edge of exopod entire, ending at suture line in an immovable spine; second movable seta often present inside spine; remainder of margin fringed by row of long plumose setae; posterior to immovable spine, dorsally and ventrally, a row of about 9 long, non-plumose setae set back from margin, extending almost to apex of exopod; ventrally, outer margin from base of the exopod three quarters of the way to the immovable spine with row of stout, simple setae just inside the margin. Colour pattern. Carapace chromatophore lines red; distinct transverse abdominal bars generally red but may be olive green; abdominal bars present on first post-larva as single lines of orange or yellow chromatophores; lateral carina of rostrum often with row of large, white chromatophores; hexagonal matrix of abdominal segments most distinct in large females, made up of small, olive green and some scattered white chromatophores; viewed dorsally, tail fan with white, transverse bands or patches. Sexual dimorphism in adults. Males are smaller and more slender than females; with larger sternal process on the eighth thoracomere (almost absent in female); smaller keel-like expansion on outer edge of peduncles of pleopods; appendix masculina on pleopod 2; significantly larger endopod on pleopod 1; 5 setae in distal sensory row on each article of antennular inner flagellum (3 – 4 in adult female); rostrum more slender and longer; broader carpus in pereopod 2; longer carpus in pereopod 3; ratio of length of propodus and dactylus of pereopod 5 greater. Females ovigerous from 25 mm body length; bearing approximately 140 - 840 ovoid eggs, larger females bearing more eggs; egg size 0.65 - 1.15 mm depending on developmental stage, 0.9 – 1.15 mm when ready to hatch. Ontogenetic changes. Some characters alter as the size of recognisably male and female animals increases. In females, the rostrum and scaphocerite becomes stouter and shorter relative to body length; the number of articles over which the antennular flagella are fused increases; pereopods 2, 3, 5 become longer relative to the body; the fingers of pereopod 1 become shorter relative to other articles; the palm of pereopod 2 becomes less swollen, the carpus more expanded and fingers shorter; the number of parallel rows of setae on the propodus of pereopod 5 increases; and the telson becomes stouter. In males, the number of articles over which the antennular flagella are fused increases; length ratios between articles of pereopods 1 – 5 differ; carpus of pereopod 1 becomes relatively longer; pereopod 2 palm becomes less swollen and fingers shorter. In early post-larval stages, the mandibular palp and branchiostegal groove are absent and a branchiostegal spine is present on the edge of the carapace. Over a series of moults, a palp of 3 articles and branchiostegal groove form and the branchiostegal spine migrates posteriorly and upwards to its final position in adults. Etymology. From Latin, dolus meaning deceit and spina, a spine, alluding to the deceptive position of the branchiostegal spine. Remarks. Palaemon dolospina bears a branchiostegal groove looping over a spine set back from the carapace edge albeit displaced dorsally somewhat. Consequently, although the spine is situated unusually high on the carapace between the usual branchiostegal and hepatic position, it can be defined as branchiostegal. Females are larger than males and the second pereopods of males are not spinulose or markedly sexually dimorphic. The mandibular palp is of three articles. In spite its unusual branchiostegal spine / groove arrangement, this species clearly belongs to Palaemon.	en	Walker, T. M., Poore, G. C. B. (2003): Rediagnosis of Palaemon and differentiation of southern Australian species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 60 (2): 243-256, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2003.60.25, URL: https://museumsvictoria.com.au/collections-research/journals/memoirs-of-museum-victoria/volume-60-issue-2-2003/pages-243-256/
