identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
4137F460FF8CFFB7FF54EB2741D9FE8B.text	4137F460FF8CFFB7FF54EB2741D9FE8B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Styrax buchananii W. W. Smith 1920	<div><p>Styrax buchananii W.W. Smith (1920: 304). Figs. 1A, 2A, C, 3–4.</p> <p>TYPE:— Myanmar. Kachin State, Myitkyinâ District, in Mara Nantan forest, Kaukkwe Valley, 606 m, March 1912, E. M. Buchanan 51 (holotype, E00105737!; isotype, E00105737!).</p> <p>Styrax serrulatus var. latifolius Perkins (1907: 37). Type:— Myanmar. Mandalay Division, W. Griffith 3670 (lectotype designated by Huang et al. (2003: 503), K K000728982!; isolectotypes: GH00306313, K000728983, P00559001).</p> <p>Trees 5–12 m tall. Young branchlets densely yellow-brown-stellate-pubescent; older branchlets becoming gray, subglabrous. Petiole 3–7 mm long, densely yellow-gray-stellate-pubescent. Lamina of fertile shoots 6–11 × 4–6 cm, those of sterile shoots up to 16 × 11 cm, chartaceous, ovate-oblong, base rounded or broadly cuneate, apex slightly acuminate to obtuse, rarely truncate; adaxially with sparse yellow-gray stellate trichomes or pubescent and abaxially with dense yellow-gray stellate trichomes, prevalent on veins; margin remotely irregularly serrulate apically; secondary veins 4 to 7 on each side of midvein, adaxially faintly prominent, abaxially prominent; tertiary veins parallel and perpendicular to secondaries, slightly sunken adaxially, abaxially prominent. Fertile shoots 10–25 cm long, 3- to 5- leaved. Inflorescences arising from shoots of current growing season; lateral inflorescences racemose, 2–5 cm long, 3- to 5-flowered, often with 1 or 2(to 4) flowers occurring in same leaf axil; pseudoterminal inflorescences usually paniculate, sometimes racemose, 5–13 cm long, 5- to 22-flowered, lateral branches 0 to 5, sometimes with 2 or 3 short lateral racemes from base of inflorescence, rachis and branches densely yellow-stellate-pubescent. Pedicel (3–)4–6(– 10) mm long, densely gray-stellate-hirsute; bracteoles ca. 3 mm long, linear, usually positioned at base of pedicels. Flowers 1.3–1.6 cm long. Calyx 4.0–5.5 × 4–5 mm, cupuliform; adaxially white appressed-pubescent with 2- or 3- armed or stellate trichomes; abaxially densely off-white-stellate-hirsute, brown when dry; margin truncate, undulate, or irregularly lobed, teeth minute and not contiguous if present. Corolla 0.9–1.1 cm long, white, tube ca. 3 mm long, glabrous, lobes 5, 8–11 × 3.0– 4.5 mm, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, stellate-tomentose on both sides. Stamens 10; filaments ca. 5 mm long, distally flexuous and attenuate, densely white- to yellow-stellate-hirsute throughout, arms of trichomes predominantly pointing upward; anthers 5–6 mm long, wider than distal portion of filament; connectives (at least proximally) densely stellate-hirsute. Style densely white-stellate-hirsute nearly throughout, thinning distally; stigma 0.4–0.7 mm wide, punctiform. Infructescences arising from shoots of current growing season, racemose, 3- to 18-fruited, densely gray-stellate-tomentose. Fruiting pedicel 6–8 mm long. Fruiting calyx 8–9 × 10–13 mm, cupuliform, whitish brown, margin appressed to fruit, glabrous adaxially, densely stellate-pubescent abaxially; margin irregularly 5- or 6-crenately lobed, lobes ca. 3 × 5 mm broad. Fruit 1.3–1.5 × 1.0– 1.1 cm, ovoid, apex minutely pointed, indehiscent; pericarp dry, ca. 1 mm thick, outside white-stellate-tomentose, inside densely white-appressed-pubescent. Seeds dull black, 1.1–1.3 × 0.8–0.9 cm, ovoid, smooth, glabrous.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat: — Styrax buchananii is distributed in Kachin State, Mandalay Division, and Sagaing Division, Myanmar, and is also found in Longchuan, Tengchong and Yingjiang counties, Yunnan Province, China (Fig. 7). It grows in valley forests at elevations of 600–1800 m.</p> <p>Phenology: —Flowering from March to April; fruiting from July to September.</p> <p>Conservation status: —The population by the road from Husa to Longba in Longchuan County, which is not determined as a nature reserve, is the first site in China in which Styrax buchananii was recorded (Zhao et al. 2020). This population comprises no more than 20 plants within a radius of 2 km, and is adjacent to the villages and not yet recognized by the local people. It may be at risk of cutting for firewood or other uses. As the conservation status of the population in Myanmar is not clear, we do not recommend an evaluation of the IUCN status of the species.</p> <p>Additional specimens examined: — CHINA. Yunnan: Longchuan County, by the road from Husa to Longba, 1778 m, 3 April 2020, W. Y. Zhao &amp; F. Ye zwy-1593 (SYS); Tengyueh [Tengchong County], specific locality not indicated, E. B. Howell 279 (E); Yingjiang County, by the road from Bangzhong village to Dazhai River, 1690 m, 4 April 2020, W. Y. Zhao &amp; F. Ye zwy-1606 (JXAU, IBSC, SYS); Same locality as prior one, 1690 m, 22 July 2020, R. Zhang et al. zrr14 (JXAU); Yingjiang County, mountains behind Jinzhuzhai in Tongbiguan, 24 April 2013, Y. J. Guo et al. 12cs7452 (KUN). MYANMAR. Bhamo District: the road to Sinlumkaba, 1200 m, 5 April 1912, J. H. Lace 5737 (E, paratype); Bhamo District: specific locality not indicated, 1500 m, 10 April 1912, J. H. Lace 5774 (E, K); Myitkyinâ District: Japing Valley, 1200 m, March 1922, G. Forrest 21083 (E); Lamaing, E. M. Buchanan 21 (E, paratype); Sumprabum Subdivision, Hlingnan, Y. Hla &amp; C. Koko 3746 (K); Sumprabum Subdivision, specific locality not indicated, 915 m, 18 February 1953, F. Kingdon-Ward. 20550 (A, BM, E); Taunggyi District: Sagaing Division, Patkoi Range, the border between Burma [Myanmar] &amp; India, specific locality not indicated, 22 June 1921, R. S. Hole 17 (K).</p> <p>Notes: — Huang et al. (2003) noted that Styrax odoratissimus Champion (1852: 304) is a close relative of S. buchananii and also stated that S. chrysocarpus is another probable close relative. Styrax odoratissimus can be easily distinguished from S. buchananii by its leaf blade usually glabrous except on the midvein (vs. with sparse or dense yellow-gray stellate trichomes especially on the major veins) and smaller (0.8–1.0 × 0.6–0.8 cm vs. 1.3–1.5 × 1.0– 1.1 cm) fruit usually with a prominent rostrum (vs. minutely apiculate) apex. However, differences between S. buchananii and S. chrysocarpus have not been as clear because of similarity in vegetation organs, and the absence of data from flowers in S. chrysocarpus and fruits in S. buchananii (Huang et al. 2003). In this regard, we observed that one specimen of S. buchananii collected from Yingjiang, i.e. Y.J. Guo et al. 12cs7452 (KUN), was incorrectly identified as S. chrysocarpus. With the flowering and fruiting material generated from this study, we find that S. buchananii can be distinguished from S. chrysocarpus by its flexuous filaments (vs. straight), fruit calyx up to 1/2 the length of fruit (vs. 1/3), smaller fruit with thicker pericarp, and smaller dull black (vs. dull dark brown) seed, among other characters (Table 1).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4137F460FF8CFFB7FF54EB2741D9FE8B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Rui;Zhao, Wan-Yi;Liu, Yu-Lin;Fan, Yu;Tang, Ming	Zhang, Rui, Zhao, Wan-Yi, Liu, Yu-Lin, Fan, Yu, Tang, Ming (2021): Rediscovery of Styrax buchananii and S. chrysocarpus, with supplemental descriptions adding fruit and floral characters, respectively. Phytotaxa 479 (2): 173-182, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.479.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.479.2.3
4137F460FF8BFFB8FF54ED6140C7FEAF.text	4137F460FF8BFFB8FF54ED6140C7FEAF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Styrax chrysocarpus H. L. Li 1944	<div><p>Styrax chrysocarpus H.L. Li (1944: 312). Figs. 1B, 2B, D, 5–6.</p> <p>TYPE:— China. Yunnan, Pingbian Miao Autonomous County, 1400 m, 9 July 1934, H. T. Tsai 62505 (holotype, A00018412!; isotypes, IBSC0454257!, KUN, LBG00098686!, NAS00072204!, PE00027899!).</p> <p>Trees 6–13 m tall. Young branchlets yellow-brown-stellate-tomentose; older branchlets dark brown, subglabrous. Petiole 5–10 mm long, densely yellow-gray-stellate-pubescent. Lamina 6–21 × 3.5–12 cm, chartaceous, oblongovate to oblong, base rounded or broadly cuneate, apex acute to slightly acuminate; adaxially sparsely yellow-graystellate-pubescent and abaxially densely yellow-gray-stellate-hirsute, prevalent on veins; margin subentire or remotely irregular serrulate apically; secondary veins 5 to 8 on each side of midvein, adaxially plane or slightly sunken, abaxially prominent; tertiary veins reticulate, parallel and perpendicular to secondaries, abaxially prominent. Fertile shoots 10–20 cm long, 3- or 4-leaved. Inflorescences arising from shoots of current growing season; lateral inflorescences racemose, 2–5 cm long, 2- to 5-flowered, often with 1 or 2 flowers occurring in same leaf axil; pseudoterminal inflorescences usually paniculate, sometimes racemose, 4–11 cm long, 4- to 10-flowered, lateral branches 0 to 3, sometimes with 2 or 5 short lateral racemes from base of inflorescence, rachis and branches densely yellowstellate-pubescent. Pedicel (3–) 4–7 mm long, densely yellow-stellate-hirsute; bracteoles ca. 2 mm long, linear, usually positioned at base of pedicels. Flowers 1.5–1.7 cm long. Calyx 4–5 × 4–5 mm, cupuliform, swollen at base, adaxially yellowish-white-appressedpubescent with 2- or 3-armed or stellate trichomes, somewhat scarious, brown when dry, margin truncate, undulate, or irregularly lobed, teeth minute and not contiguous if present. Corolla 1.1–1.4 cm long, white, tube ca. 3 mm long, glabrous, lobes 5(6), 10–12 × 4–5 mm, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, stellate-tomentose on both sides. Stamens 10, rarely 12; filaments ca. 5 mm long, straight, distally attenuate, densely white- to yellow-stellate-hirsute throughout; anthers ca. 5 mm long, wider than distal portion of filament; connectives densely stellate-hirsute. Style densely white- stellate-hirsute from base to middle, upper subglabrous; stigma 0.2–0.3 mm wide, punctiform. Infructescences arising from shoots of current growing season, 1- to 5-fruited, yellow-stellate-tomentose. Fruiting pedicel 4–5 mm long. Fruiting calyx 5–6 × 10–15 mm, cupuliform, brown, margin not appressed to fruit, glabrous adaxially, densely stellatepubescent abaxially; margin irregularly 6- or 8-crenately lobed, lobes ca. 3 × 6 mm broad. Fruit 1.6–1.8 × 1.0– 1.2 cm, ovoid, apex shortly pointed, apparently indehiscent; pericarp dry, 0.3–0.5 mm thick, outside golden yellow-stellatetomentose, inside densely pale yellow-appressed-pubescent. Seeds dull dark brown, 1.5–1.6 × 1.0– 1.1 cm, ovoid, smooth, glabrous.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat: — Styrax chrysocarpus is endemic to Yunnan Province (Guangnan, Malipo and Pingbian counties), China (Fig. 6). It grows by the road or in ravine forests at elevations of 1400–1700 m.</p> <p>Phenology: —Flowering from April to May; fruiting from August to September.</p> <p>Conservation status: —From our observations, the Malipo population comprises no more than 30 plants within a radius of 3 km. For the type locality of Styrax chrysocarpus is not determined as a nature reserve, it is at risk of being cut for firewoods because it close to villages which are only about 15 km away from the forest, thus we recommend it be categorized as EN (endangered) under criteria B2b following IUCN Red List categories (IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee 2019).</p> <p>Additional specimens examined: CHINA, YUNNAN: Kwang-nan [Guangnan County], specific locality not indicated, 1550 m, 14 March 1940, C. W. Wang 87834 (KUN); Malipo County, Tiechang Xiang, 1472 m, 3 May 2013, C. L. Xiang et al. 577 (KUN); Same locality as prior one. E. D. Liu et al. LiuED6087 (KUN); Same locality as prior one. 1400–1700 m, 22 July 2020, R. Zhang et al. zrr2 (JXAU); Pingbian County, specific locality not indicated, 1400 m, 9 July 1934, H. T. Tsai 62522 (A, KUN, LBG, PE, paratypes); Pingbian County, specific locality not indicated, 1500 m, 11 July 1934, H. T. Tsai 62766 (A, IBSC, KUN, PE, paratypes).</p> <p>Notes: — Hwang (1987) presumed to place Styrax chrysocarpus in S. ser. Imbricatae Perkins (1907: 18) because of its similarity of other characters to those species within the series. Huang et al. (2003) further treated S. chrysocarpus in S. series Cyrta, a series with imbricate or subvalvate corolla lobes in bud according to the infrageneric treatment of Styrax by Fritsch (1999). Our study of the flower material of the species shown that the corolla of S. chrysocarpus is imbricate in bud, confirming the infrageneric placement of the species by Hwang (1987) and Huang et al. (2003). S. chrysocarpus is currently known only from southeastern Yunnan. The species identification of a collection with neither flowers nor fruits, and with a disjunct distribution from Yongshan County, Yunnan, i.e. H.T. Tsai 51156 (KUN), which Huang et al. (2003) tentatively cited as S. chrysocarpus, is in doubt because its leaves adaxially and petiole are covered with sparse gray-white pubescence (vs. dense yellow-gray-stellate pubescence in S. chrysocarpus) and its tertiary veins abaxially are not prominent (vs. prominent in S. chrysocarpus). This collection needs further field investigation to better understand its identity.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4137F460FF8BFFB8FF54ED6140C7FEAF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Rui;Zhao, Wan-Yi;Liu, Yu-Lin;Fan, Yu;Tang, Ming	Zhang, Rui, Zhao, Wan-Yi, Liu, Yu-Lin, Fan, Yu, Tang, Ming (2021): Rediscovery of Styrax buchananii and S. chrysocarpus, with supplemental descriptions adding fruit and floral characters, respectively. Phytotaxa 479 (2): 173-182, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.479.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.479.2.3
