identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
416B87A5FF8BFF8DF0EFF926FC58FBE3.text	416B87A5FF8BFF8DF0EFF926FC58FBE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Salvia dichlamys Epling 1939	<div><p>Salvia dichlamys Epling (1939: 276). Type: MEXICO. Estado de México. Temascaltepec: near Rincón, 1960</p> <p>m, 2 July 1932, G. B. Hinton 914 (holotype RSA, isotypes GH, MO!, PH, NY!, UC!). Fig. 3.</p> <p>Salvia nigriflora Epling (1940: 529). Type: MEXICO. Michoacán. Coalcomán: Sierra Naranjillo, 1300 m, G. B. Hinton 13956 (holotype UC!, isotypes CAS!, GH!, LL!, MO-155463!, MO-155464!, NY!, PH!, RSA!, US!).</p> <p>Perennial herb, erect, 20–80(–100) cm tall; stems pilose and occasionally covered with glandular-capitate hairs. Leaves with petioles 2–6.4 mm long, sparsely to densely pilose; leaf blade lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, (1.5–)2.8–6.3 × 0.8–1.8(–2.6) cm, acute to rounded at the apex, rounded at the base, margin crenate to serrate, bullate, glabrous and sparsely pilose above, white tomentose beneath. Inflorescences in racemes 12–21 cm long, 4–10 verticillasters each, these 2–4(–6)-flowered, lowermost nodes 2.5–4.4 cm apart. Floral bract lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 2.8–8 × 1.5–3 mm, deciduous, acute to caudate at the apex, truncate at the base, margin entire, sparsely pilose and ciliated at the margin. Flowers with pedicels 3.6–5.8(–7.2) mm long, pilose and puberulent. Calyx (6.2–) 8.3–11 mm long, 3.8–6 mm wide at the throat, green and purple tinged, pilose, internally covered with tiny appressed hairs, the upper lip 7-veined and entire, lobes of the lips acute. Corolla magenta or purple and with white nectar guides on the lower lip, glabrous except for the upper lip which is sparsely pilose; corolla tube 7–15 mm long, 4.8–7.2 mm wide at the throat, ventricose, constrained toward the base and internally ornate with two papillae; upper lip 5.2–9.2 mm long, lower lip 10–16 × (5.8–) 9.2–12 mm, deflexed. Stamens 2, included; filament 2.4–4 mm long; connective 9.8–12 mm long, ornate at midportion with a short acute tooth; theca 1.7–3.2 mm long. Gynobasic horn 1–1.2 mm long; style 1.6–2.2 cm long, pilose at the apex, lower stigmatic branch acute. Mericarp ovoid, 2.5–2.9 × 1.8–2 mm, light brown and dark brown marbled, smooth and glabrous.</p> <p>Distribution, habitat and phenology: Salvia dichlamys inhabits the Mexican states of Estado de México, Guerrero, Jalisco and Michoacán (fig. 4). It grows in oak and pine-oak forests, from (1167–) 1800– 2400 m. It shares habitat with Arctostaphylos pungens Kunth, Pinus oocarpa Schiede ex Schltdl., Quercus castanea Née, Q. gentryi C.H.Mull, Q. magnoliifolia Née. It flowers and fructifies from the end of May to November.</p> <p>Discussion: Klitgaard (2012) considers Salvia dichlamys to be conspecific with her concept of S. amarissima. The first belongs to section Fulgentes Epling (1939: 273) and the other to section Uricae Epling (1939: 174). Section Fulgentes differs because the lack of long glandular-capitate hairs throughout the stems, 7-veined upper calyx lip (vs. 5-veined), and red corollas (vs. blue corollas) though there are some populations of S. dichlamys and S. microphylla with purple ones. Furthermore, S. dichlamys has shorter petioles [(2–6.4 vs. (7–) 30–44 mm)], oblong-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate leaves (vs. ovate-deltoid to ovate), less flowers per verticillaster [2–4(–6) vs. 6–10], usually bigger calyces [(6.2–)8.3–11 × 3.8–6 vs. 4.7–7 × 3–4 mm], longer corolla tube [7–15 vs. 5–6.5(–7.3) mm], longer lower corolla lip [(10–16 vs. 7–10(–11.3) mm)], longer filament (2.4–4 vs. 1.5–1.7 mm), longer connective [9.8–12 vs. (2.5–) 5–5.5 mm] and longer style [1.6–2.2 vs. (0.8–) 1.2–1.4 cm], and bigger mericarps [2.5–2.9 × 1.8–2 vs. (1.6–)2.1–2.2 × (0.5–) 1–1.1 mm]. Salvia dichlamys does not grow in Mesoamerican region (fig. 4).</p> <p>Representative specimens examined (Salvia dichlamys): MEXICO. Guerrero. Coyuca de Catalán: 2.5 km al NE de la comunidad del Aguacate, brecha rumbo a Primer Campo, 18º10’59.52”N 101º273.57” W, 1167 m, 8 November 2009, J. G. González-G. et al. 434 (IBUG!). Jalisco. Concepción de Buenos Aires: 24 km al E de Cd. Guzmán, carr. A Tamazula, 33 A. 40 km por brecha de Vista Hermosa a Concepción de Buenos Aires, 1900 m, 5 July 1988, M. Fuentes-O. 364 (CIIDIR!, ENCB!, GUADA!, IEB!, MEXU!, MICH!). Mazamitla: along road from Jiquilpan to Ciudad Guzmán, in mountains S of Michoacán border, ca. 3 km NE and above puerta El Zapatero (above rancho El Terrero and 2.5 km S of Espinal), 2400 m, 30 July 1960, H. H. Iltis et al. 559 (MICH!, UC!, WIS!). Tamazula de Gordiano: brecha de Tamazula a San Juan de la Montaña, 10.8 km directos al E de Tamazula, 1620 m, 15 July 1988, M. Fuentes-O. 407 (GUADA!, IEB!, MEXU!, MICH!). Tecalitlán: Llano Verde, cerca de Los Corales, Sierra de Los Corales, 1600 m, 24 October 1963, J. Rzedowski 17413 (MICH!, UC!). Michoacán. Aguililla: 500 m al NE de Dos Aguas, antena de microondas Chiqueritos, 2383 m, 1 November 2009, J. J. González-G et al. 420 (IBUG!). Chinicuila: Sierra Naranjillo, 13 July 1939, G. B. Hitnon et al. 13916 (UC!).</p> <p>Representative specimens examined (Salvia amarissima): MEXICO. Estado de México. Chalco: San Pablo Atlazalpan, 25 May 1985, A. Ventura-A. 4384 (IBUG!). Huehuetoca: presa de Cuevecillas, a 5 km al SW de Huehuetoca, 12 October 1974, A. Patiño-S. 109 (IBUG!). Guanajuato. Atarjea: Aldama, 8 October 1977, S. Zamudio 2513 (IBUG!). Guanajuato: 3 km al NE de Santa Rosa, 20 November 1986, R. Galván &amp; J. D. Galván 2475 (IBUG!). Salvatierra: cerro de los Lobos, 3 km al E del Rancho de Las Cruces, 7 September 1974, D. Flores 40 (IBUG!). Hidalgo. Jacala: Jacala, km 276 carr. Méxcio-Jacala, 1700 m, 30 October 1966, L. M. Villarreal de Puga 15097 (IBUG!). Metzquititlán: Sobre la autopista 105 al N de Tampico, 5.7 mi al N de Metzquititlán, sobre el lado N de la carretera, 21 November 1975, K. M. Peterson &amp; C. R. Broome 491 (IBUG!). Michoacán. Jiquilpan: Los Remedios, 1650 m, 19 October 1984, B. Ceja-R. 125 (CIMI!). Pátzcuaro: cerro del Bao, cerca de Tzurumutaro, 27 October 1988, H. Díaz-B. 5232 (IBUG!). Querétaro. Cadereyta: parador Tepozán, 14 km de la carr. Vizarrón a San Joaquín, 26 August 2001, E. Carranza &amp; S. Zamudio 6225 (IBUG!). Zacatecas. Guadalupe: 3 km al N de la calzada Solidaridad, por la carretera en construcción que entronca con la carretera a Veta Grande, 2412 m, 16 August 2002, J. J. Balleza-C. &amp; M. Adame-G. 12795 (Herbario de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas!).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/416B87A5FF8BFF8DF0EFF926FC58FBE3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	González-Gallegos, Jesús Guadalupe;Gama-Villanueva, Olga Jazmín	González-Gallegos, Jesús Guadalupe, Gama-Villanueva, Olga Jazmín (2013): Resurrection of Salvia species (Lamiaceae) recently synonymized in Flora Mesoamericana. Phytotaxa 151 (1): 1-24, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.151.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.151.1.1
416B87A5FF8EFF80F0EFFF32FC15FBE3.text	416B87A5FF8EFF80F0EFFF32FC15FBE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Salvia heterotricha Fernald 1900	<div><p>Salvia heterotricha Fernald (1900: 500). Type: MEXICO. Jalisco. Zapopan: Río Blanco, June–October 1886,</p> <p>E. Palmer 53 [lectotype GH!, isolectotype BM, F, MEXU!, MO, NY!, PH, US!; lectotype designated by Epling</p> <p>(1939)]. Fig. 5 A–C.</p> <p>Salvia heterotricha var. multinervia Fernald (1900: 501). Type: MEXICO. Nayarit: between Acaponeta and Pedro Paulo, 2 August 1897, J. N. Rose 1934 (holotype US!).</p> <p>Perennial herb, erect, (10–) 20–60 cm tall, often tuberous roots; stems hispid with a mix of glandular-capitate and eglandular hairs. Leaves sessile; leaf blade linear to linear-lanceolate, (1.8–)3–7.8(–10) × 0.2–0.9) cm, acute at the apex, attenuated and then truncate at the base, margin entire, glabrous or sparsely covered with appressed hairs on both surfaces. Inflorescences in racemes (8–) 14.5–21 cm long, with (5–)7–11 verticillasters each, these (2–)4–6-flowered, lowermost 2–3.2 cm apart, floral axis hirsute with a mix of glandular-capitate and eglandular hairs. Floral bract ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 3–4.6(–16.7) × 1.8–3.3(–4) mm, persistent, acute at the apex, truncate at the base, margin entire, diffusely covered with appressed hairs and sessile glandular dots, ciliated and bordered with glandular-capitate hairs at the margin. Flowers with pedicels 2.5–3 mm long, hirsute with both glandular-capitate and eglandular hairs. Calyx 5.5–7.1(–10) mm long, 3.7–4.1(–5.5) mm wide at the throat, green, hirsute with glandular-capitate and eglandular hairs, covered with sessile amber glandular dots, internally puberulent to verrucose, upper lip 5-veined, entire, lobes of the lips acute. Corolla sky blue to purple with white nectar guides on the lower lip (rarely completely white); corolla tube (6–) 6.7–8.3 mm long, 3.2–4.1(–4.8) mm wide at the throat, slightly ventricose and constrained at the base, internally epapillate; upper lip 4–7 mm long, lower lip 8.5–13.9 × (5.2–) 8.2–12.5 mm, deflexed. Stamens 2, included; filament 2.2–2.8 mm long; connective 5.1–7 mm long, ornate with a retrorse acute tooth, or sometimes this absent; theca 1.7–2.2 mm long; a pair of staminodes above and behind filament attachment to the corolla. Gynobasic horn 1.1–1.2 mm long; style 11.9–15.8 mm long, pilose at the apex, lower stigmatic branch acute. Mericarp ovoid, 2.6–2.8 × 1.4–1.6 mm, pale brown, smooth and glabrous.</p> <p>Distribution, habitat and phenology: Salvia heterotricha is endemic to western Mexico, growing only in the states of Jalisco, Nayarit and Zacatecas. (fig. 6). It dwells mainly in oak, pine-oak and oak-pine forests, but it can be occasionally found in tropical deciduous forests, grasslands or secondary vegetation, from (600–)1500–2000(–2550) m elevation. It shares habitat with the trees Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd., A. pennatula, Agarista mexicana (Hemsl.) Judd., Arbutus xalapensis Kunth, Bejaria aestuans Mutis ex L., Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth, Clethra rosei Britton, Pinus devoniana Lindl., P. lumholtzii B.L.Rob. &amp; Fernald, P. oocarpa Shiede &amp; Schltdl., Quercus coccolobifolia Trel., Q. grisea Liebm., Q. magnoliifolia, Q. potosina Trel., Q. resinosa Liebm., Q. viminea Trel., and the herbs Bletia adenocarpa Rchb. f., Chloris virgata Sw., Dahlia pugana Aarón Rodr. &amp; Art.Castro, Desmodium angustifolium (Kunth) DC., Euphorbia macropus (Klotzsch &amp; Garcke) Boiss., E. sphaerorhiza Benth., Iostephane heterophylla (Cav.) Hemsl., Lolium perenne L., Salvia angustiarum Epling, S. firma Fernald, S. lavanduloides Kunth, and Tigridia dugesii S.Watson. It can flower and fructify through whole the year, but more frequently from July to September.</p> <p>Discussion: Salvia heterotricha was regarded as a synonym of S. reptans (fig 5 D and E) in Flora Mesoamericana (Klitgaard 2012). However, this species differs from S,. reptans by 3 distinctive characters, the roots are tuberous instead of slender and delicate, leaves are clearly opposite instead of pseudo-whorled (fascicles of several leaves developed in the leaf axils at each node throughout the plant; fig. 5 E), and the inflorescences are covered with mixed glandular-capitate and eglandular hairs (2–3 mm long), hence the specific epithet heterotricha, different hairs, contrasting with the hispidulous (hairs less than 1 mm long) and without glandular hairs of S. reptans. Peterson (1978) conducted a revision of section Farinaceae, which embraces both species, she distinguished them in base to the same characters of the roots, leaf distribution and inflorescence pubescence; moreover, she highlighted the difference in ecological preferences between them, the first growing in well drained calcareous soils, and the other in wet volcanic soils, usually at the edge of little ponds and creeks. Turner (2008) in a more recent analysis of the section also recognizes both species. Salvia heterotricha is restricted to western Mexico (fig. 6), while S. reptans extends from southern United States of America to Guatemala.</p> <p>Representative specimens examined (Salvia heterotricha): MEXICO. Jalisco. Mezquitic: Los Lirios, 1.6 km al S de <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-104.23768&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.171816" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -104.23768/lat 22.171816)">San Andrés Cohamiata</a>, 130–140 km al SW de Huejuquilla, 22º10’18.54”N 104º14’15.65”W, 1943 m, 4 September 2012, J. G. González-G. et al. 1273 (IBUG!). San Martín Bolaños: Las Vidrieras, 10 km al NW de El Platanar, 2450 m, 1 September 1968, J. Rzedowski 26174 (MICH!). Tequila: cerro de Tequila, 2400 m, 14 July 1971, R. González-T. 271 (ENCB!, MICH!). Zapopan: La Primavera, 30 km al O de Guadalajara, 1700 m, 27 July 1965, J. Rzedowski 20259 (ENCB!); cerro El Tepopote, aproximadamente 3.2 km al NO de Venta del Astillero, aproximadamente 13 km an línea recta al O del extremo occidental de Guadalajara, 20.751148º’N 103.563266º’W, 1813 m, 26 July 2012, J. G. González-G. et al. 1226 (IBUG!). Nayarit. Acaponeta: 1–2 km al SE de Mesa de Pedro-Pablo, por la vereda a pie a San Blasito, 6 August 1987, O. Téllez-V. et al. 10690 (MEXU!). Del Nayar: 4 miles of La Ciénega on ridge aobut 5 miles NW of Mesa del Nayar, 29 July 1970, D. H. Norris &amp; D. J. Taranto 14233 (MEXU!). Zacatecas. General Enrique Estrada: cerro La Antorcha, Sierra El Laurel, W slopes of Cerro La Antorcha, ca. 9 km ESE of La Higuera (La Higuera is along hwy 70, ca 16 km SW of Calvillo, 21º41.8’N - 102º46’W, 2300–2800 m, 14 July 1999, M. Provance et al. 1512 (MEXU!). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-102.76667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.696667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -102.76667/lat 21.696667)">Tlaltenango de Sánchez Román</a>: aproximadamente 38 km al W de <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-102.76667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.696667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -102.76667/lat 21.696667)">Jalpa</a>, sobre la carretera a Tlaltenango, 30 km del entronque con la carretera Jalpa-Juchipila, 2550 m, 21 October 1973, J. Rzedowski &amp; R. McVaugh 969 (ENCB!, MEXU!, MICH!).</p> <p>Representative specimens examined (Salvia reptans): MEXICO. Aguascalientes. Calvillo: Los Alisos, 2050 m, 7 January 1981, C. Cuéllar-R. 35 (HUAA!). Colima. Cuauhtémoc: Cerro Colorado, 2 km al E del poblado Cerro Colorado, 990 m, 23 August 1984, F. J. Santana-M. &amp; N. Cervantes-A. 588 (IBUG!, WIS!). Distrito Federal. Magadalena Contreras: Contreras, 14 June 1925, H. Yoshida 112 (IBUG!). Estado de México. Acambay: 4.6 km al S de Acambay, alrededores de la caseta de cobro Acambay, autopista <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.851944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.913055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.851944/lat 19.913055)">Arco Norte</a>, 19º54’47”N 99º51’7”W, 2515 m, 24 August 2011, P. Carrillo-R. 6436 (IBUG!). Morelos. Tepozotlán: presa de La Concepción, 2400 m, 23 September 1979, T. Estrada 11827 (GUADA!). Guanajuato. Ciudad Manuel Doblado: 6 km al NE de Ayo, 1850 m, 30 July 1975, H. Puig 6292 (ENCB!). Jalisco. Arandas: 4.5 km N of the road summint above Atotonilco, 3 km S of junction of Arandas-Tepatitlán road, 1930 m, 30 August 1990, R. McVaugh 26624 (CHAPA!, MICH!). Lagos de Moreno: 11 miles SE of Lagos de Moreno, 16 August 1967, U. T. Waterfall &amp; C. S. Wallis 13874 (UC!). Michoacán. Jiquilpan: lower N-facing slopes of Cerro Santa María, 8–10 km SW of Jiquilpan and 5 km NE of Quitupan (Jalisco), 2000 m, 5 August 1959, C. Feddema 2 (MICH!). Marcos Castellanos: La Arena, 2100 m, 21 July 1988, I. García-R. 1926 (IEB!). Tangamandapio: 10 km al SW de Jacona, carretera Jacona-Los Reyes, 1770 m, 23 August 1980, J. Soto-N. et al 2430 (MEXU!). Nayarit. Tepic: wet meadows near the highway, 12 miles SE of Tepic. Zacatecas. Atolinga: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-103.422165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.813889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -103.422165/lat 21.813889)">Carrito Polón</a>, 21º48’50”N 103º25’19.8”W, 2079 m, 17 October 2002, J. J. Balleza-C. &amp; M. Adame-G. 14517 (Herbario de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas!). Tlaltenango de Sánchez Román: cerca de Teúl, 1900 m, 27 July 2010, J. Padilla-L. 185 (IBUG!). Valparaiso: 24 km of Valparaiso along road to Huejuquilla El Alto, 2256 m, 6 September 1984, D. E. Breedlove 61369 (MEXU!).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/416B87A5FF8EFF80F0EFFF32FC15FBE3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	González-Gallegos, Jesús Guadalupe;Gama-Villanueva, Olga Jazmín	González-Gallegos, Jesús Guadalupe, Gama-Villanueva, Olga Jazmín (2013): Resurrection of Salvia species (Lamiaceae) recently synonymized in Flora Mesoamericana. Phytotaxa 151 (1): 1-24, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.151.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.151.1.1
416B87A5FF81FF98F0EFFF32FA22FAF4.text	416B87A5FF81FF98F0EFFF32FA22FAF4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Salvia iodantha Fernald 1900	<div><p>Salvia iodantha Fernald (1900: 547). Type: MEXICO. Morelos. Cuernavaca: mountain side above Cuernavaca,</p> <p>7800 ft [2377 m], 5 February 1899, C. G. Pringle 8039 (holotype GH!, isotypes BM!, BR!, E!, F!, JE!, K!,</p> <p>MEXU!, MICH!, MO!, MU!, NY!, PH!, RSA!, UC!, US!, WU!). Fig. 7A.</p> <p>Salvia arbuscula Fernald (1910: 421). Type: Michoacán and Guerrero: Sierra Madre, 1500 m, 20 January 1899, E. Langlassé 767 (holotype GH!, isotypes K!, P-00714834, P-00714835!, US!).</p> <p>Salvia michoacana Fernald (1900: 548). Type: MEXICO. Michoacán. Pátzcuaro: near Pátzcuaro, 24 November 1891, C. G. Pringle 3946 (lectotype US, isolectotypes AC!, BM!, BR!, MEXU-00028352!, MEXU-00028353!, MEXU- 00028354!, MSC!, NY!, PH!).</p> <p>Perennial herb to subshrub 0.8–2(–3) cm tall; stems puberulent to shortly pilose. Leaves with petioles 1.7–3.7 cm long, puberulent to shortly pilose; leaf blade ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 4–11.1 × (1.6–) 2.4–4.8 cm, acute to caudate at the apex, rounded to truncate at the base, margin serrate, glabrous to sparsely strigose above, pilose to tomentose beneath. Inflorescences in racemes 10.5–25 cm long, with (10–)17–26 verticillasters each, these 8–18-flowered, lowermost nodes 0.5–2.2 cm long, pilose and covered with sessile glandular dots. Floral bract lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, (0.6–)1–2.3 × (0.1–) 0.5–1 mm, deciduous, acute to attenuated at the apex, truncate at the base, margin entire, puberulent to shortly pilose at the outer surface. Flowers with pedicels (1.3–) 2–4.8 mm long, puberulent to shortly pilose and covered with sessile glandular dots. Calyx 2.7–3.5(– 4.4) mm long, 2–2.8 mm wide at the throat, green, shortly pilose and profusely covered with sessile glandular dots, upper lip 3-veined and entire, lobes of the lips truncate and topped with a mucro by means of a vein extension. Corolla magenta to dark violet, velutinous throughout; tube (11–) 13–18 mm long, 2.3–4 mm wide at the throat, slightly expanded toward the apex but not ventricose, not constrained at the base and internally ornate with a pair of papillae; upper lip 3.4–6 mm long, lower lip (1.3–)2.1–4.5 × 2.8–4 mm, incurvedconcave. Stamens 2, exserted 6–8 mm from the upper corolla lip; filament 2.2–3.2(–5) mm long; connective (8.3–) 13.4–18.8 mm long, ornate with a tiny acute teeth near midportion; theca 1.7–2 mm long. Gynobasic horn 1–1.3 mm long; style 17.3–27 mm long, 6–8 mm exserted from corolla upper lip, glabrous at the apex, lower stigmatic branch acute. Mericarp ovoid, 0.8–1 × 0.4–0.8 mm, brown, smooth and glabrous.</p> <p>Distribution, habitat and phenology: Salvia iodantha grows in the Mexican states of Colima, Durango,</p> <p>Estado de México, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit and Sinaloa (fig. 8). It dwells in oak, oak-</p> <p>pine, pine-oak, pine, fir, montane cloud forests, and less often in tropical deciduous forests, from (400–) 1100– 3200 m elevation. It shares habitat with Abies flinckii Rushforth, Alnus acuminata subsp. arguta (Schltdl.) Furlow, Arbutus xalapensis, Carpinus caroliniana Walter, Clusia salvinii Donn.Sm., Cornus disciflora DC., Clidemia dentata Pav. ex D.Don., Fraxinus uhdei (Wenz.) Lingelsh., Hesperocyparis lusitanica (Mill.) Bartel, Magnolia pacifica A.Vázquez, Meliosma dentata (Liebm.) Urb., Ostrya virginiana (Mill) K.Koch., Parathesis villosa Lundell, Podocarpus reichei J.Buchholz &amp; N.E.Gray, Prunus rhamnoides Koehne, Quercus castanea, Senna multifoliolata (Paul G. Wilson) H.S.Irwin &amp; Barneby, Smallanthus maculatus (Cav.) H.Rob., Symplococarpon purpusii (Brandegee) Kobuski, Symplocos citrea Lex. ex La Llave &amp; Lex., and Tilia mexicana Schltdl. It is sympatric with other species of Salvia as Salvia elegans Vahl, S. gesneriflora Lindl. &amp; Paxton, S. mexicana L., S. quercetorum Epling, S. thyrsiflora Benth. It can be found in flower and fruit throughout the year, but more frequently from November to March.</p> <p>Discussion: Salvia iodantha was reduced to the synonymy of S. purpurea (fig. 7 B) by Klitgaard (2012); however, even when they are close similar, the first can be distinguished because of its shorter [2.7–3.5(–4.4) mm] and truncate calyces, shorter lower corolla lip [(1.3–) 2.1–4.5 mm], and long exserted stamens from upper corolla lip (6–8 mm); in S. purpurea the calyces are (4.5–) 5–6.2 mm long and with evidently acute lobes a the apex, lower corolla lip (4.2–)6.4–8.3(–11.2) mm long, and the stamens are inserted in the upper corolla lip. Moreover, S. iodantha grows mainly in temperate forests above 2000 m elevation, while S. purpurea usually grows in tropical forests below 1900 m elevation.</p> <p>Salvia arbuscula Fernald (1910: 421) is clearly a synonym of S. iodantha. The first was described as possessing branched hairs; however, those hairs were not found in any specimen examined. Epling (1939) neither reported branched hairs in the species, he distinguish them in terms of pubescence density beneath the leaves; but leaf pubescence is extremely variable between populations and even within an individual of S. iodantha, there is a tendency that young leaves manifest a dense tomentum, which is progressively lost as the leaf grows. Hence, the recognition of S. arbuscula as a distinct species is not warranted, accordingly here is reduced to the synonymy of S. iodantha.</p> <p>It is highly probable that Salvia townsendii Fernald (1904: 55) is also a synonym of S. iodantha. Epling stated they differ because corolla tubes are longer in the first, varying from 21 to 26 mm long; they are almost identical in every other character. However we did not have enough available specimens for examining as to take a conclusive decision.</p> <p>Salvia iodantha has a narrower distribution than S. purpurea and does not grow in the area of Flora Mesoamericana (fig. 8).</p> <p>Representative specimens examined (Salvia iodantha): MEXICO. Colima. Minatitlán: 7–9 km al O de Los Sauces, camino a terreros, El Terrero, 1850–1900 m, 30 January 1987, J. A. Vázquez-G. &amp; L. Guzmán 4146 (WIS!, ZEA!); 14-15 km al NEE de Minatitlán, 2–2.5 km al E de El Terrero, 2100 m, 19 February 1988, R. Cuevas-G. &amp; N. M. Núñez 3482 (ZEA!). Estado de México. Donato Guerra: rumbo al llano de Los Tres Gobernadores, por <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-100.24611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.375" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -100.24611/lat 19.375)">San Juan Xoconusco</a>, 19°22’30”N 100°14’46”W, 2740 m, 20 March 2005, G. M. Cornejo- T. et al. 1008 (IBUG!). Guerrero. Petatlán: 3 km al NE de La Guayabera, a 29 km al NE de Coyuquilla, 5 February 1986, J. C. Soto-N. et al 12259 (IBUG!). Jalisco. Atenguillo: en el predio <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-104.7078&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.18986" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -104.7078/lat 20.18986)">Buenavista</a>, 20°11’23.5”N 104°42’28.1”W, 2162 m, 12 March 2004, R. Cuevas-G. et al. 8059 (ZEA!). 2–4 km al ONO de Estación Biológica Las Joyas (Zarzamora) en el camino y abajo del camino a Corralitos; 10 km de distancia aérea al SSE de <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-104.291664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.593334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -104.291664/lat 19.593334)">Ahuacapán</a>, 19°35’36”N 104°17’30”W, 1900–1950 m, 21 December 1984, E. J. Judziewicz &amp; T. S. Cochrane 4784 (IBUG!, MEXU!, WIS!, ZEA!). Cabo Corrientes: Piedra Habladora, ca. 2 km al SE de El Tuito, 600 m, 10 March 1973, M. Sousa-S. et al. 3938 (CIDIIR!, MEXU!); la bajada de La Pitarilla, entre la Guázima y Agua Caliente, 20°22’50”N 105°24’10”W, 400 m, 1 March 1993, G. Castillo-C. et al. 10605 (XAL!). Manzanilla de la Paz: 5 km después del crucero en la brecha a Concepción de Buenos Aires, 16 January 1977, L. M. Villarreal de Puga &amp; S. Carvajal-H. 9826 (IBUG!). Mascota: Laguna de Juanacatlán, 1940 m, 17 March 1971, R. González-T. 159 (MICH!, WIS!). San Gabriel: NW slopes of Nevado de Colima, in pine-fir zone above Jazmin; deep heavily wooded barranca at the end of abandoned lumber road 1 km above of El Izote, 2500–2600 m, 25 March 1949, R. McVaugh 10014 (MEXU!, MICH!); Talpa de Allende: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-105.00439&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.355778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -105.00439/lat 20.355778)">Talpa de Allende</a>: 8–9 km al SE de Cuale sobre la brecha hacia <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-105.00439&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.355778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -105.00439/lat 20.355778)">Talpa de Allende</a> (vista de la Presa Cajón de Peñas), 20°21’20.8”N 105°0’15.8”W, 2448 m, 29 November 2009, J. J. González-G. 476 (IBUG!); Michoacán. Aguililla: 8–12 km SW of Aserradero Dos Aguas and nearly W of Aguililla, 2250–2400 m, 5 March 1965, R. McVaugh 22820 (MICH!). Tancítaro: cerro <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-102.394165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.404722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -102.394165/lat 19.404722)">Tancítaro</a>, 27 km al W de <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-102.394165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.404722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -102.394165/lat 19.404722)">Uruapan</a> en línea recta, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-102.394165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.404722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -102.394165/lat 19.404722)">Barranca de El Puerto</a> al N de Tancítaro, 19°24’17”N 102°23’39”W, 2200 m, 29 January 1996, I. García-R. et al. 4500 (CIMI!, MICH!); Nayarit. Compostela: 31 km al E de Las Varas, camino lateral de tierra en la carretera a Compostela, 5 March 1985, P. Magaña &amp; O. Téllez-V. 164 (MEXU!). Sinaloa. Concordia: en las colinas al E de Santa Lucía, 300 m al E de la población, 23°26’1.7”N 105°50’34.8”W, 1225 m, 5 January 2010, J. G. González-G. 529 (IBUG!).</p> <p>Representative specimens examined (Salvia purpurea): MEXICO. Aguascalientes. Calvillo: Los Alisos, 2080 m, 10 October 1982, M. E. Siqueiros 1908 (CIIDIR, HUAA!); Chiapas. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-92.88911&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.153524" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -92.88911/lat 17.153524)">Pueblo Nuevo</a> Solistahuacán: 600–700 m al SO de Pueblo Nuevo, 17º9’12.69”N 92º53’20.8”W, 1690 m, 15 November 2009, J. G. González-G et al. 457 (IBUG!). Colima. Colima: rancho El Jabalí, 20 km N of Colima in the SW foothills of Volcan de Colima, 19º27’N 103º42’W, 1250 m, 27 October 1990, E. J. Lott et al. 2932 (MEXU!, MICH!); Estado de México. Amecameca: 3 km del Portezuelo, al N de Ameca, 1650 m, 13 October 1978, J. L. Alvizo-L. s.n. (IBUG!). Guanajuato. Tarimoro: cerro de los Agustinos, 25 km al ESE de Tarimoro, en Puerto Honod, 14 October 1974, D. Flores 157 (IBUG!). Guerrero. Malinaltepec: Ojo de Agua de Cuauhtémoc, 26 December 2012, E. Cándido-B. &amp; B. Nepomuceno-C. 101 (IBUG!, UAGC!). Jalisco. Atotonilco el Alto: carretera Guadalajara-Atotonílco, a 30 m de la desviación rancho La Pareja, 7 October 1990, M. M. Ruiz-B. 8 (CHAPA!, IBUG!, IEB!)). Guachinango: 16 miles NW of Ameca along the road to Mascota, 1310 m, 1 November 1970, D. E. Breedlove 18664 (MICH!). Mascota: 2 km al NE del rancho El Galope, 1600 m, 18 October 1987, R. Ramírez-D.et al. 748 (HUMO!, IBUG!). Zapotlanejo: SE de Zapotlanejo, 1550 m, 18 November 1981, J. P. Lira-M. s.n. (IBUG!). Michoacán. Coalcomán: Salitre-Mesa, 1780 m, 30 October 1938, G. B. Hinton et al. 12482 (MICH!). Villamar: ladera del cerro Cotijarán, 26 September 1984, R. Flores 560 (CIMI!). Morelos. Tepostlán: Tepoztlán, 2000 m, 1 December 1986, M. Zagal-A. 10 (IBUG!). Tlayacapan: 3 km al SW de San José de los Laureles, rumbo al cerro de Las Mariposas, 1800 m, 3 November 1990, G. Serrano-J. 14 (IBUG!). Nayarit. Ahuacatlán: mountains 10 miles SE of Ahuacatlán, on the road to Barranca del Oro and Amatlán, 1100 m, 17 November 1959, W. N. Koelz &amp; R. McVaugh 831 (MICH!). Oaxaca. Santa Catarina Juquila: al W de Santa Catarina Juquila, entre Panixtlahuaca y <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-97.27803&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.234777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -97.27803/lat 16.234777)">Santa Lucía</a>, 16º14’5.2”N 97º16’40.9”W, 1529 m, 27 January 2010, J. G. González-G. 565 (IBUG!). Veracruz. Huatusco: 9 km al N de Huatusco por la carretera rumbo a <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-96.954994&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.1897" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -96.954994/lat 19.1897)">Totutla</a>, 19º11’22.92”N 96º57’18”W, 1330 m, 22 December 2008, J. G. González-G. &amp; S. Rúa-H. 271 (IBUG!). Zacatecas. Tlaltenango: about 38 km al W de Jalpa, sobre la carretera a Tlaltenango, 30 km del entronque con la carretera Jalpa-Juchipila, 2550 m, 21 October 1973, J. Rzedowski &amp; R. McVaugh 1015 (MICH!). Moyahua: Cerro La Bota, al W de Las Palmas, camino de terracería Las Plamas, El Pitayito, 17 October 1997, E.D. Enríquez-E. &amp; J. J. Balleza-C. 1685 (Herbario de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas!).</p> <p>Salvia nepetoides Kunth (1818: 299). Type: MEXICO. Guanajuato: entre San José Temascatio y Guanajuato, 1000 hex. [1829 m], F.W.H.A. Humboldt &amp; A.J.A. Bonpland s.n. (holotype P). Fig. 9.</p> <p>Perennial herb to subshrub, erect or reclined, (0.2–)0.5–1(–1.7); stems hispidulous and generally covered with short glandular-capitate hairs. Leaves with petioles 2.5–16.6 mm long, hispidulous and covered with short glandular-capitate hairs; leaf blade ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 1.3–5(–7.5) × 1–4.3(–7.2) cm, acute to acuminate at the apex, truncate to rounded at the base, margin crenate to serrate, pilose to covered with appressed hairs above, usually white tomentose beneath, both surfaces with sessile glandular dots. Inflorescence in racemes (6–) 10–28.9 cm long, with (3–)10–19 verticillasters, these (2–)4–6(–10)-flowered, lowermost nodes 0.8–2.7(– 3.9) cm apart, floral axis hispidulous and covered with short glandular-capitate hairs. Floral bract lanceolate, (1.3–)2.2–4.7 × 0.4–1.4 mm, deciduous, acute at the apex, truncate at the base, margin entire, pilose, covered with glandular-capitate hairs and sessile glandular dots, ciliated at the margin; bracteols present at the base of each pedicel. Flowers with pedicels 1.9–3.5(–4.7) mm long, puberulent and covered with short glandularcapitate hairs. Calyx (4–)5–7(–7.7) mm long, (1.8–) 2.5–4.8 mm wide at the throat, green and sometimes wine tinged, pilose, with glandular-capitate hairs and covered with sessile glandular dots, upper lip 5–7-veined, entire, lobes of the lips acute. Corolla sky blue with white nectar guides on the lower lip, glabrous except for the upper lip and lower margin of the lower one which are sparsely pilose; corolla tube, (3.3–) 4.3–6.5(–7.8) mm long, (1.4–)2–2.8(–3.8) mm wide at the throat, ventricose, slightly constrained at the base, internally epapillate; upper lip 2.1–4.4(–7.9) mm long, lower lip (2.5)4.4–6.2(–9.8) × (3–) 4.2–6.7 mm, deflexed. Stamens 2, included; filament (1.4–) 2–3 mm long; connective 2–3.9 mm long, geniculate; theca 1.1–1.6 mm long; a pair of staminodes above and behind filament attachement to the corolla. Gynobasic horn 0.8–1.4 mm long; style 6.2–10.7 mm long, pilose at the apex, lower stigmatic branch sigmoid. Mericarp ovoid, 1.3–1.9 × 0.8–1.3 mm, pale brown and dark brown marbled, smooth, glabrous.</p> <p>Distribution, habitat and phenology: Salvia nepetoides grows in the Distrito Federal, and in the Mexican states of Estado de México, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacán and Morelos (fig. 10). It inhabits oak, oakpine, pine-oak, and in a less frequency, montane cloud and tropical deciduous forests, from (1100–)1800– 2800(–3100) m elevation. It shares habitat with Abies religiosa (Kunth) Schltdl. &amp; Cham., Alnus jorullensis Kunth, Arbutus xalapensis, Clinopodium macrostemum (Moc. &amp; Sessé ex Benth.) Kuntze, Comarostaphylis glaucescens (Kunth) Zucc. ex Klotzsch, Cunila polyantha Benth., Dahlia barkeriae Knowles &amp; Westc., D. coccinea Cav., Pinus lumholtzii B.L.Rob. &amp; Fernald, P. oocarpa Schiede ex Schltdl., Quercus candicans Née, Q. castanea, Q. laeta Liebm., Q. resinosa Liebm., Q. rugosa Née, Q. salicifolia Née; and it is sympatric with other species of Salvia as S. concolor Lamb. ex Benth., S. elegans Vahl., S. fulgens Cav., S. gesneriflora Lindl. &amp; Paxton, S. longistyla Benth., S. melissodora Lag., S. mexicana L. It can flower and fructify throughout the year, but more likely from August to January.</p> <p>Discussion: Salvia nepetoides was also synonymized under the concept of S. amarissima (Klitgaard, 2012). Nonetheless, it belongs to section Sigmoideae Epling (1939: 42) which is unique within the genus because of its sigmoid lower stigmatic branch, a characteristic that is present in S. nepetoides but not in S. amarissima which has an acute lower stigmatic branch. The species of section Sigmoideae also present bracteoles at the base of each pedicel, a character that is unusual within Salvia subgenus Calosphace (González-Gallegos &amp; Castro-Castro, 2013) and that is not shared by S. amarissima. Furthermore, S. nepetoides has shorter petioles [2.5–16.6 mm vs. (7–) 30–40 mm], usually smaller floral bracts [(1.3–)2.2–4.7 × 0.4–1.4 mm vs. 5.5–11(–14) × 2–3 mm], and usually smaller connective [2–3.9 mm vs. (2.5–) 5–5.5 mm].</p> <p>Salvia nepetoides does not grow in the area covered by the Flora Mesoamericana project (fig. 10).</p> <p>Representative specimens examined (Salvia nepetoides): MEXICO. Distrito Federal: Esclava, 19 November 1902, C. G. Pringle 11125 (MICH!). Jalisco. Jocotepec: Cerro Viejo, paraje <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-103.416664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -103.416664/lat 20.4)">El Rincón-Cresta</a>, Bola del Viejo, Barranca del Agua, 20º24’N 103º25’W, 1600–2950 m, 5 February 1987, J. A. Machuca-N. 5479 (WIS!). San Gabriel: along road from El Fresnito to Venustiano Carranza, at km 22.590 marker, in large stand on mountaintop in semishade area in weathered limestone soil, 2347 m, 6 November 1975, K. M. Peterson &amp; C. R. Broome 391 (IBUG!, MEXU!). Michoacán. Charo: Las Trojes, ca 32 km E de Morelia, 2200 m, 12 November 1985, S. A. Reisfield 1277 (MEXU!). Paracho: cerro al N de Ahuitan, 2300 m, 13 December 1990, E. García &amp; E. Pérez 3568 (MEXU!). Morelos. Cuautla: 20 km NE de Cuautla, 1981 m, 3 August 1950, C. E. Boyd 84 (MEXU!); 20 km NO de Cuautla, 30 July 1960, W. Forbey 68 (MEXU!). Tepoztlán: Sierra de Tepoztlán, 2286 m, 27 September 1904, C. G. Pringle 13166 (MEXU!, MICH!).</p> <p>Salvia punicans Epling (1940: 525). Type: MEXICO. Guerrero. San Miguel Totolapan: district Galeana, pie de La Cuesta-Toro Muerto, 22 January 1938, G.B. Hinton et al. 11224 (holotype UC!, isotypes ARIZ!, F!, GH, K, LL, MEXU!, MO!, NY!, PH, TEX, US!). Fig. 11 A.</p> <p>Perennial herb, erect, 0.8–1.8 m tall; stems glabrous to scarcely puberulent above all on the nodes and between the ribs. Leaves with slender petioles (2–)3–12(–14) cm long, puberulent at the middle of upper surface, the rest glabrous; leaf blade broad ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 5.7–12 × 3.4–8(–10) cm, caudate at the apex, truncate, cordate to sometimes oblique at the base, crenate-serrate margin, puberulent on the main and secondary veins on both sides, the rest glabrous. Inflorescences in racemes 13–31 cm long, with 9–20 verticillasters, these 6–10(–12)-flowered, lowermost nodes 1.7–2.7 cm apart, floral axis short hispidulous and covered with short glandular-capitate hairs. Floral bract ovate to ovate-lanceolate, (1.6–)2.5–3.5 × (0.5–) 1.1– 2.2 mm, caudate at the apex, truncate at the base, margin entire and ciliated, sparsely puberulent and covered with sessile glandular dots outside. Flowers with pedicels 2.2–4.2 mm long, glabrous. Calyx 6.2–6.7(–11) mm long, 3.2–3.8 mm wide at the throat (up to 7.7–8.5 × 3.9–4.2 mm in fruit), green and irregularly magenta tinged toward the lips, hispidulous on the veins and covered with sessile glandular dots, internally verrucose to shortly scabrous, upper lip 3-veined and entire, lobes acute and short caudate. Corolla magenta with white nectar guides on the lower lip, pilose at the dorsal side, upper lip and ventral portion of the lower one, the rest glabrescent; tube 18–19.2(–20) mm long, 4.8–5.9 mm wide at the throat, not constrained at the base, slightly ventricose, internally ornate with 4 papillae near the base; upper lip 5.2–6.6(–8.5) mm long, lower lip 7–7.5(– 9.8) × (6.2–) 7–8.4 mm, incurved-concave. Stamens 2, included; filament 1.9–2.5 mm long; connective 6.8– 7.7 mm long, straight and ornate with a short acute tooth near midportion; theca 1.5–1.9 mm long; two staminodes present above and behind filament attachment to corolla tube. Gynobasic horn 0.7–0.9 mm long; style 21.4–22.7 mm long, pilose toward the apex, lower stigmatic branch acute. Mericarp ovoid, 1.4–1.7 × 0.8–1 mm long, light brown and irregularly dark brown marbled, smooth and glabrous.</p> <p>Distribution, habitat and phenology: Salvia punicans grows in the Mexican states of Guerrero and Oaxaca (fig. 12). It inhabits pine-oak and montane cloud forests, from 2600–2900 m elevation. It shares habitat with Abies religiosa subsp. mexicana (Martínez) Strandby, K.I.Chr. &amp; M.Sørensen, Arbutus xalapensis, Bejaria aestuans, Chiranthodendron pentadatylon Larreat., Cleyera integrifolia (Benth.) Choisy, Clinopodium macrostemum, Hedyosmum mexicanum C.Cordem, Oreopanax xalapensis (Kunth) Decne. &amp; Planch., Pinus ayacahuite C.Ehrenb. ex Schltdl., P. herrerae Martínez, P. maximinoi H.E.Moore, P. pseudostrobus var. apulcensis (Lindl.) Shaw, Quercus liebmannii Oerst. Ex Trel., Q. obtusata Bonpl., Q. uxoris McVaugh, Q. salicifolia Née, Scutellaria dumetorum, it is sympatric with other Salvia species as S. cinnabarina M.Martens &amp; Galeotti, S. confertispicata I.Fragoso &amp; Martínez-Gordillo, S. karwinskii Benth., S. mexicana and S. tricuspidata M.Martens &amp; Galeotti. It flowers and fructifies from October to January.</p> <p>Discussion: Salvia punicans was treated as synonym of S. carnea (Klitgaard, 2012; fig. 11 A and B). Both species belong to section Carnea (Epling) Epling (1939: 228). Salvia punicans can be differentiated by its stems without glandular-capitate hairs, usually bigger floral bracts [(1.6–)2.5–3.5 × (0.5–) 1.1–2.2 mm vs. 2.1– 2.4 × 0.5–0.7 mm], magenta corollas (vs. pink to violet), bigger corolla tube [18–19.2(–20) × 4.8–5.9 mm vs. 7–10 × 2–2.5 mm], incurved-concave lower corolla lip (vs. deflexed), longer connective (6.8–7.7 mm vs. 5.2– 6.3 mm), longer thecae (1.5–1.9 mm vs. 1.2–1.3 mm) and longer style (21.4–22.7 mm vs. 8.5–12 mm). The former has been also considered as S. carnea var. punicans (Epling) Wood &amp; Harley (1989: 252). These latter authors regarded the morphological variation within S. carnea as outstanding and reduced several species to the synonomy of this species. In the present contribution, it is judged that the particular features of S. punicans supports its recognition as a distinct species.</p> <p>On the other hand, Salvia gracilis Bentham (1833: 258) was considered as a distinct species from S. carnea, and Salvia myriantha Epling (1939: 238) was included as synonym of S. tiliifolia Vahl (1794: 7) (Klitgaard, 2012). Consulting original descriptions of S. carnea and S. gracilis leds to the conclusion that they do not differ more than by the supposed glabrous styles of the first. However, all the specimens here examined exhibit pilose styles toward the apex. Klitgaard (2012) distinguish them in the identification key she provides by means of the 10 veins in the calyces of S. carnea and 9 in those of S. gracilis; though, this is not enough to support both species, it is preferable accepting only S. carnea. The morphological variation of what was described as S. myriantha is embedded in that of S. carnea, and hence it is appriopriatly treated as one of its synonyms. In this sense, S. carnea differs considerably from S. tiliifolia and there is not reason to synonymize S. myriantha under the later. Salvia tiliifolia stands out because of its tiny (corolla tube 2.7–3.5 mm long) skyblue corollas, internally epapillate, the tube is entirely inserted in the calyx and only the lips surpass it.</p> <p>Additional specimen examined (Salvia punicans): MEXICO. Oaxaca. Santiago Textitlán: cerca del paraje El Campanario, 7.44 km en línea recta al E de Santiago Textitlán y 12.7 km al N de San Lorenzo Texmelucan, 3.5 km por brecha al W del campamento <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-97.188095&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.700504" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -97.188095/lat 16.700504)">El Tlacuache</a>, 16º42’1.81”N 97º11’17.14”W, 2630 m, 17 November 2012, J. G. González-G. &amp; J. H. Zárate-J. 1439 (IBUG!).</p> <p>Representative specimens examined (Salvia carnea): MEXlCO. Estado de México. Amecameca: km 13 de la carretera Amecameca-Paso de Cortés, 9 km al SE de Amecameca, 14 December 1976, J. García-P. 268 (IBUG!). Guerrero. Atoyac de Álvarez: 0.8–1 km al NE de Nueva Delhi, entre el Paraíso y <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-100.19115&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.435516" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -100.19115/lat 17.435516)">Puerto de Gallo</a>, 17º26.131’N 100º11.469’W, 1680 m, 28 October 2012, J. G. González-G. et al. 1326 (IBUG!). Hidalgo. Tenango de Doria: 11 km al O de Tenango de Doria, 2200 m, 6 July 1979, R. Hernández-M. 3432 (IBUG!). Jalisco. Cuautitlán: Sierra de Manantlán (15–20 miles SW of Autlán), about 2 miles from Aserradero San Miguel 1, W and S of the divide toward Manzanillo, 2250 m, 4 November 1952, R. McVaugh 13920 (MICH!, UC!). Puebla. Villa Juárez: Ranchito Villa Juárez, 1600 m, 12 October 1966, L. M. V. de Puga 12681 (IBUG!).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/416B87A5FF81FF98F0EFFF32FA22FAF4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	González-Gallegos, Jesús Guadalupe;Gama-Villanueva, Olga Jazmín	González-Gallegos, Jesús Guadalupe, Gama-Villanueva, Olga Jazmín (2013): Resurrection of Salvia species (Lamiaceae) recently synonymized in Flora Mesoamericana. Phytotaxa 151 (1): 1-24, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.151.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.151.1.1
416B87A5FF98FF9DF0EFFAE3FB58FB9F.text	416B87A5FF98FF9DF0EFFAE3FB58FB9F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Salvia subpatens Epling 1939	<div><p>Salvia subpatens Epling (1939: 97) (Figs. 1 and 2A–B). Type: MEXICO. Estado de México. Temascaltepec:</p> <p>near Tejupilco, 1340 m, 27 July 1933, G. B. Hinton 4376 (holotype UC!, isotypes ASU, BM, GH, K!, US!). Fig.</p> <p>13 A and B.</p> <p>Salvia viscidifolia Epling (1940: 517). Type: MEXICO. Guerrero. Coyuca de Catalán: Río Frío Diamantes, 2100 m, 26 September 1937, H.B. Hinton et al. 10725 (holotype UC!, isotype K!).</p> <p>Perennial herb, erect, 40–80 cm tall, arising from tuberous fusiform roots; stems pilose. Leaves mostly sessile, or with petioles up to 2 mm long, pilose; leaf blade lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate to ovate, 4.3–15 × 1.4–6.3 cm, acute at the apex, rounded to truncate at the base, serrate margin, pilose or with appressed hairs, and covered profusely with sessile glandular dots on both surfaces. Inflorescences in racemes (5–) 11–22 cm long, with 3–13 verticillasters each, these 2–6-flowered, lowermost nodes 1.3–2 cm apart, floral axis pilose to hirsute and covered wih glandular-capitate hairs. Floral bract lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 3.2–11.4 × (0.4–) 1–1.7 mm, persistent, attenuated at the apex, truncate at the base, margin entire, covered with some glandular-capitate hairs. Flowers with pedicels (2.6–)4–5(–7.1) mm long (up to 9 mm long in fruit), pilose and with some glandular-capitate hairs, glandular punctate. Calyx (4.4–) 7.2–11.1 mm long, 3.1–6.5 mm wide at the throat (up to 13.3 × 8.8 mm in fruit), green and irregularly purple tinged, pilose and covered with glandular-capitate hairs, internally with antrorse hairs toward the apex, upper lip 5-veined and shortly trimucronate, lobes of the lips acute, border of the lips ciliated. Corolla deep blue with white nectar guides on the lower lip, glabrous except for the upper lip and beneath the lower one which are sparsely pilose; tube 8.5–11.8 mm long, (3.6–) 4.5–6.4 mm wide at the throat, slightly constrained toward the base, ventricose, internally epapillate; upper lip 5.6–8.5 mm long, lower one (7.3–)11.4–15.3 × 5.5–12 mm, deflexed. Stamens 2, exserted 9–12 mm from upper corolla lip; filament 2–3(–6) mm long; connective 16.3–19 mm long, thin and not ornate; theca 2.7–3(– 4) mm long; a pair of staminodes above and behind filament attachment to the corolla. Gynobasic horn absent; style 2.1–3.3 cm long, glabrous, lower stigmatic branch acute. Mericarp ovoid, 2.2–3 × 1.5–2.5 mm, light brown and irregularly dark brown marbled, smooth and glabrous.</p> <p>Distribution, habitat and phenology: Salvia subpatens grows in the Mexican states of Estado de México, Guerrero, Jalisco and Michoacán (fig. 14). It inhabits pine-oak, oak, pine and montane cloud forests, from (1600–) 2100–2900 m elevation. It shares habitat with Abies religiosa, Arbutus occidentalis McVaugh &amp; Rosatti, A. xalapensis, Castilleja mcvaughii N.H.Holmgren, Comarostaphylis glausescens, Pinus durangensis Martínez, P. hartwegii Lindl., Quercus crassifolia Bonpl., Q. laurina Bonpl. and Symplocos citrea. It flowers and fructifies from late July to the beginning of January.</p> <p>Discussion: Salvia patens (fig. 13 C and D) and S. subpatens belongs to section Blakea (1939: 94); the species contain therein are morphologically very similar, they are grouped mainly because they share tuberous fusiform roots, persistent floral bracts, trimucronate upper calyx lips, showy deep blue corollas with the upper lip generally arquate, glabrous styles and lower stigmatic branch very short to almost absent. Klitgaard (2012) regards the type specimens of S. subpatens as possibly representing distal fragments of individuals of S. patens, since the leaves are reduced and sessile as the distal leaves in the latter species. Hence, she reduced S. patens to the synonymy of S. subpatens. However, the examination of more than just type specimens and field exploration reveals that such proposal is not justified. Salvia subpatens differs in several other characters that can not be embraced by the morphological variation of S. patens. The stems lack of glandular-capitate hairs, though they can rarely present them in the last internodes before the inflorescence (vs. covered with glandularcapitate hairs throughout the stem), sessile leaves or with petioles up to 2 mm long along the stem (vs. leaves with petioles 2–10 cm long that are progressively reduced toward the inflorescences till being absent), lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate to ovate leaf blades (vs. ovate-deltoid to deltate), generally narrower leaves (1.4–6.3 cm vs. 5–14 cm), shorter calyces [(1.4–) 7.2–11.1 mm vs. 11.8–16(–20) mm], smaller corolla tubes [8.5–11.8 × (3.6–) 4.5–6.4 mm vs. 16–24 × 7–10 mm], shorter upper (5.6–8.5 mm vs. 23–37 mm) and lower [(7.3–) 11.4–15.3 mm vs. 16–24 mm] corolla lips, exserted stamens from upper corolla lip (vs inserted), shorter connective [16.3–19 mm vs. (3.4–) 4–4.3 mm], and shorter style (2.1–3.3 cm vs. 5–6 cm).</p> <p>Salvia subpatens does not grow in the area covered by the Flora Mesoamericana project (fig. 14).</p> <p>Representative specimens examined (Salvia subpatens): MEXICO. Jalisco Cuautitlán: mountains E of Manantlán, about 15 miles SSE of Autlán by way of Chante, 8300 ft, 27 July 1949, R. L. Wilbur &amp; C. R. Wilbur 1873 (MICH!); top of sharp crest of the Sierra de Manantlán Oreintal just E of Cerro Las Capillas, along road from Cerro La Cumbre to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-104.15&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.554167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -104.15/lat 19.554167)">Los Jardines</a>, 19 km due SSE of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-104.15&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.554167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -104.15/lat 19.554167)">El Chante</a>, 19º33’15”N 104º9’0”W, 2800 m, 7 January 1980, P. D. Sorensen &amp; P. Metekaitis 7911 (ENCB!, MEXU!, UC!, WIS!); top of sharp crest of the Sierra de Manantlán Oreintal just E of Cerro Las Capillas, along road from Cerro La Cumbre to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-104.15&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.554167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -104.15/lat 19.554167)">Los Jardines</a>, 19 km due SSE of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-104.15&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.554167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -104.15/lat 19.554167)">El Chante</a>, 19º33’15”N 104º9’0”W, 2800 m, 10 October 1980, H. H. Iltis &amp; R. Guzmán-M. 3214 (ENCB!, IBUG!, UC!, WIS!); Cerro de Las Capillas, junto a la cabaña de los guarda incendios, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-104.148224&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.554333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -104.148224/lat 19.554333)">Sierra de Manantlán</a>, 19º33’15.6”N 104º8’53.6”W, 2880 m, 21 January 2011, J. G. González-G. &amp; F.J. Santana Michel 850 (IBUG!, ZEA!). Tecalitlán: km 41 de la brecha que conduce a Jilotlán de Dolores, a partir de la carr. 110, campamento maderero Plan de Lego, Altitlán, 1940 m, 18 July 1986, A. Rodríguez-C. 413 (IBUG!). Michoacán. Coalcomán: Sierra de Torricillas. 2200 m, 13 October 1938, G. B. Hinton et al. 12369 (MICH!, UC!); Sierra de Torricillas (sic), 2150 m, 24 July 1939, G. B. Hinton et al. 13989 (MICH!).</p> <p>Representative specimens examined (Salvia patens): MEXICO. AguascaIientes. Calvillo: Barranca Las Cazuelas, Sierra Fria, 2350 m, 2 September 1981, C. Cuéllar-R. 23 (HUAA!). Guanajuato. León: frente al Área Natural Protegida Sierra Los Lobos, km 18 de la carretera <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-101.666664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -101.666664/lat 21.333334)">León-San Felipe</a>, 21º20’N 101º40’W, 2500 m, 6 October 2008, M. Harker et al. 3858 (IBUG!). Hidalgo. Omitlán de Juárez: poblado de Guerrero, km 17 carretera <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.65767&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.157583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.65767/lat 20.157583)">Méx.</a> 105 entre Pachuca y Huejutla, 20º9’27.3”N 98º39’27.6”W, 2548 m, 16 September 2011, A. Rodríguez-C. et al. 6455 (IBUG!). Jalisco. Lagos de Moreno: cerro de El Espía, 3 km al S de la presa Juan Vaquero y 6.3 km al <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-101.7553&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.710667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -101.7553/lat 21.710667)">SE de Ciénega de Mata</a>, en una cañada que desemboca a la presa, 21º42’38.4”N 101º45’19.1”W, 2450 m, 20 October 2011, J. G. González-G. &amp; F. Pérez 1128 (IBUG!). Michoacán. Senguío: aproximadamente 1 km al SW de la Cortina de la Presa Chincua, en camino Chincua-Seguío, m, 29 August 1989, I. García-R. 2885 (GUADA!, IBUG!). Ucareo: Las Peñas del Bellotal, 9 October 1987, H. Díaz-B. 4214 (IBUG!). Querétaro. Amealco: 2 km a l s de Laguna de Servín, 2650 m, 25 August 2001, E. Carranza &amp; S. Zamudio 6214 (IBUG!). Colón: Vertiente S del Cerro Zamorano, cerca de Trigos, 2800 m, 2 September 1987, J. Rzedowski 44500 (IBUG!). San Luis Potosí. Villa de Zaragoza: alrededores de Sierra de Álvarez, entrando por <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-100.613&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.030111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -100.613/lat 22.030111)">San Francisco</a>, 22º1’48.4”N 100º36’46.8”W, 2352 m, 12 September 2011, A. Rodríguez-C. et al. 6364 (IBUG!).</p> <p>Salvia unicostata Fernald (1900: 501) Type: MEXICO. San Luis Potosí. Without specific locality, 6000–8000 ft, 1878, C. C. Parry &amp; E. Palmer 760 (holotype GH!, isotypes BM, E, F!, K!, MO!, NY!, P!, PH, US!).</p> <p>Perennial herb, erect, 15–50 cm tall; stems glabrous, interpetiolar space pilose. Leaves sessile; leaf blade linear, 2.4–8.2 × 0.1–0.5 cm, acute to attenuated at the apex, slightly attenuated at the base, margin entire and revolute, verrucose above and sparsely hispidulous beneath on the midvein, the rest glabrous, midvein thicken and white, the other are not visible; wih axillary fascicles of several immature leaves. Inflorescences in racemes 7–15(–33) cm long, with 3–9 verticillasters, these 2–6-flowered, lowermost nodes 2.4–4.5 cm apart, floral axis covered with glandular capitate hairs. Floral bract ovate, ovate-lanceolate to rhomboid, (4–)5.7– 6.6(–10.2) × 2.8–3.2 mm, caudate at the apex, attenuated and then truncate at the base, margin entire and ciliated, covered with glandular capitate hairs outside. Calyx 5.2–6.1 mm long, 3.1–4 mm wide at the throat (up to 6.2–7 × 5–8.7 mm in fruit), green to bluish green, covered with glandular capitate hairs and black sessile glandular dots, internally verrucose, upper lip 5–7-veined and trimucronate, lobes acute and spinulose. Corolla deep blue with white nectar guides on the lower lip, upper lip and ventral portion of lower one pilose, the rest glabrous to glabrescent; tube 5–6.2 mm long, 3.1–3.8 mm wide at the throat, slightly ventricose, not constrained at the base, internally epapillate; upper lip 3.6–4.1 mm long, lower lip (8–)9.6–10.5 × (7.4–) 8–9.8 mm, deflexed. Stamens 2, included; filament 1.4–1.6 mm long; connective 4.5–5 mm long, geniculate near midportion; theca 1.4–1.6 mm long; two staminodes present above and behind filament attachment to corolla tube. Gynobasic horn 0.7–0.9 mm long; style 8.5–8.9 mm long, evidently thicker toward the apex and densely pilose on dorsal side, lower stigmatic branch acute. Mericarp ovoid, 1.5–1.7 × 1–1.2 mm, amber-brown, smooth and glabrous.</p> <p>Distribution, habitat and phenology: Salvia unicostata is restricted to the Mexican Plateau region, reported from the states of Jalisco, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí and Tamaulipas; but probably also present in Aguascalientes. It dwells in dwarf oak, pine, oak-pine, and cedar forests, from (1795–)2300–2500(–3400) m elevation. It shares habitat with Juniperus deppeana Steud., Nasella mucronata (Kunth) R.W.Pohl, Pinus cembroides Gordon, P. montezumae Lamb., P. teocote Schltdl. &amp; Cham., Quercus chihuahuensis Trel., Q. eduardi Trel., Q. greggii (A.DC.) Tre., Q. grisea Liebm., Q. laeta Liebm., Q. mexicana Bonpl., Q. opaca Tel., Q. potosina Trel., Q. sideroxyla Bonpl, Sisyrinchum tenuifolium Humb. &amp; Bonpl. ex Willd., Stevia lucida Lag., Yucca filifera Chabaud; it is sympatric with other Salvia species as S. axillaris Moc. &amp; Sessé, S. macellaria Epling, S. microphylla Kunth, and S. prunelloides Kunth. It flowers and fructifies from the end of May to October.</p> <p>Discussion: Salvia unicostata belongs to section Uliginosae (Epling 1935: 52) Epling (1939: 54), this is noteworthy because the calyx is covered with dark amber sessile glandular dots and the upper calyx lip is trimucronate. Klitgaard (2012) reduced S. unicostata to the synonymy of S. reptans, a species that belongs to section Farinaceae. Nonetheless, additionally to the distinctive characters of Uliginosae exhibited by S. unicostata, this can be distinguished by means of its clearly opposite leaves (vs. pseudo-whorled in S. reptans), thicken and whitish midvein (vs. slender and green), revolute leaf margin (vs. not revolute), floral bracts (outer surface), floral axis, pedicels and calyces covered with glandular-capitate hairs (vs. hispidulous), calyx lobes stiff at the apex like a tiny spine (vs. acute and slender), shorter corolla tube [5–6.2 mm vs. 7.9– 8.5(–10) mm], shorter upper corolla lip (3.6–4.1 mm vs. 5.2–6.2 mm), geniculate connective (vs. ornate at midportion with a retrorse acute tooth), shorter connective (4.5–5 mm vs. 6.6–7.7 mm), shorter filament (1.4– 1.6 mm vs. 2.5–2.8 mm), and shorter style (8.5–9 mm vs. 12.2–13 mm).</p> <p>Salvia unicostata grows in semiarid habitats in the Mexican Plateau and surrounding portions of Sierra Madre Oriental; hence it is not present in the area covered by the Flora Mesoamericana project. Furthermore, the kind of habitat occupied by S. unicostata differs from that of S. reptans, which grows in wet soils.</p> <p>Representative specimens examined: MEXICO. Jalisco. Lagos de Moreno: cerro de El Espía, 3 km al S de la presa <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-101.754974&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.712502" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -101.754974/lat 21.712502)">Juan Vaquero</a>, 21º42’45”N 101º45’17.9”W, 2300 m, 20 October 2011, J. G. González-G. &amp; F. Pérez 1121 (IBUG!). Nuevo León. Arramberi: La Escondida-San Francisco, 1795 m, 23 June 1993, G. B. Hinton 23079 (Herbario Hinton !); San Josecito, below, 2395 m, 31 June 1999, G. B. Hinton et al. 27393 (Herbario Hinton!). Nuevo León. Zaragoza-Puerto Pino, above, 2790 m, 26 June 1978, G. B. Hinton et al. 17408 (Herbario Hinton!). Zacatecas. Pinos: Ejido La Purísima, aproximadamente 4 km al SW del pobaldo Cerrido de Dolores, 2540 m, 4 sep 2013, L. F. Colin-Nolasco &amp; J. F. Guerrero-Rodríguez 868 (IBUG!).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/416B87A5FF98FF9DF0EFFAE3FB58FB9F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	González-Gallegos, Jesús Guadalupe;Gama-Villanueva, Olga Jazmín	González-Gallegos, Jesús Guadalupe, Gama-Villanueva, Olga Jazmín (2013): Resurrection of Salvia species (Lamiaceae) recently synonymized in Flora Mesoamericana. Phytotaxa 151 (1): 1-24, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.151.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.151.1.1
