identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
425087AE086DFFE68DE1BDBBFDA5F819.text	425087AE086DFFE68DE1BDBBFDA5F819.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Brasenia victoria (Casp. 1856) Weberbauer 1893	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Brasenia victoria (Casp. 1856) Weberbauer (1893: 374)</p>
            <p> Fig. 2A–D. Basionym:—  Holopleura victoria Caspary (1856: 216–217 ; pl. 12, figs 10–22), Caspary in Ludwig (1857: 94–97; pl. 17, figs 6–18). Lectotype (designated here):—[MB.Pb.2017/1474.1!], repository: Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und </p>
            <p>Biodiversitätsforschung, Berlin (MfN). Locus typicus: Germany. Hesse: Wetterau, Bad Salzhausen near Nidda. Stratum typicum:</p>
            <p> Middle Miocene (Langhian), intravolcanic brown-coal deposits (“Carpolithen-Kohle von Salzhausen”). Syntypes:—[MB.Pb.2017/1474!] as  Holopleura victoria . </p>
            <p>Note:—Type not yet cited. The author selects one specimen of the collection no. MB.Pb.2017/1474 (with multiple specimens) as the lectotype.</p>
            <p> Occurrence and habitat:—  Brasenia victoria occurred in Europe from the late Oligocene to the late Pliocene, in brown-coal deposits and silting up sequences, which reflect fluviatile back-swamp, lake and oxbow lake habitats. </p>
            <p> Additional specimens examined:— Germany. Hesse: Wetterau, Bad Salzhausen near Nidda; middle Miocene (Langhian), intravolcanic brown-coal deposits (“Carpolithen-Kohle von Salzhausen”): MfN [MB.Pb.2017/1482] as  Carpolithes oviformis , [MB.Pb.2017/1483]. MfN, Ludwig coll. [MB.Pb.1980/0260!]. MfN, P. G. L. A. coll. [MB. Pb.2005/0615 (orig.-no. 169)!], illustrated in: Kirchheimer (1936: pl. 7, fig. 4a). </p>
            <p> =  
Nymphaea doliolum 
Ludwig (1860: 123–124; pl. 60, fig. 12a–f), syn. nov. Lectotype (designated here):—[MB.Pb.2017/1473.1!], repository: Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und </p>
            <p>Biodiversitätsforschung, Berlin (MfN), Rudolph Ludwig collection. Locus typicus: Germany. Hesse: Wetterau, Bad Salzhausen near</p>
            <p>Nidda. Stratum typicum: Middle Miocene (Langhian), intravolcanic brown-coal deposits (“Carpolithen-Kohle von Salzhausen”). Syntypes:—[MB.Pb.2017/1473!], [MB.Pb.2017/1479!], [MB.Pb.2017/1480!], [MB.Pb.2017/1481!].</p>
            <p> Family  Magnoliaceae Jussieu (1789: 280) , nom. cons. </p>
            <p> Genus  Magnolia Linnaeus (1753: 535)</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/425087AE086DFFE68DE1BDBBFDA5F819	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Winterscheid, Heinrich	Winterscheid, Heinrich (2020): Typifications in fossil-species of Brasenia, Magnolia, Vitis, and Symplocos from the central European Neogene. Phytotaxa 428 (2): 113-121, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.428.2.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.428.2.5
425087AE086EFFE18DE1BDD9FCD2F840.text	425087AE086EFFE18DE1BDD9FCD2F840.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Magnolia ludwigii Ettingsh., Salzhausen 1868	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Magnolia ludwigii Ettingshausen (1868: 871–872)</p>
            <p>Fig. 3A–E.</p>
            <p> Replaced synonym:—  Magnolia attenuata C.O.Weber , seeds according to Ludwig (1860: 122; pl. 47, pro parte: figs 9–12 [semina], non fig. 13 [folium]). </p>
            <p>  Lectotype (designated here):—[MB. Pb. 2005/0627.1 (orig.-no. 135)!], illustrated in: Ludwig (1860: pl. 47, fig. 10, as  Magnolia attenuata C.O.Weber ), Mai (1975: pl. 35, fig. 38), repository: Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Berlin (MfN), Rudolph Ludwig collection. Locus typicus: Germany. Hesse: Wetterau, Bad Salzhausen near Nidda. Stratum typicum: Middle Miocene (Langhian), intravolcanic brown-coal deposits (“ Carpolithen-Kohle von Salzhausen ”). </p>
            <p>Syntypes:—[MB.Pb.2005/0627 (orig.-no. 135)!].</p>
            <p> Notes:—The first indication of an assigned name for the here-treated seeds of  Magnolia ludwigii Ettingshausen is a label in the collection of the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, written by Alexander Braun possibly in 1850: “Semina ‘  Carpolithes lignit . Bronn’ / Salzhausen”. The following synonyms have also been utilized in the literature for these fossil seeds, but some of them were originally erected for fossil leaf-remains. </p>
            <p> The first name in the literature is  Anona lignitum Unger (1850: 441–442 —folia) and Unger (1860: 25; pl. 10, pro parte: fig. 7—semen; non figs 1–6—folia) from Salzhausen, which was published by Unger (1850) for leaves; only one seed was illustrated by Unger (1860) without visible specific traits and hence this name should only be used for leaf-remains. Later, Mai newly combined  Anona lignitum to  Magnolia lignita (Unger 1860) Mai (1975: 571–575 ; pl. 35, figs 34–38; pl. 36, figs 39–49; pl. 37, figs 50–58). </p>
            <p> Magnolia attenuata (non C.O.Weber 1852) in Ludwig (1860: 122–123; pl. 47, pro parte: figs 9–12—semina; non fig. 13—folia) also refers to seeds and leaf-remains, but  Magnolia attenuata C.O. Weber (1852: 192–193; pl. 22, fig. 1) was originally erected for late Oligocene leaves from fluviatile deposits in the Siebengebirge area near Bonn, and is therefore not available for fossil seeds. In the protologue of  Magnolia ludwigii Ettingshausen (1868: 871–872 ; sine figuris), Ettingshausen refers to leaves and seeds of  Magnolia attenuata (non C.O.Weber 1852) illustrated in Ludwig (1860: pl. 47, figs 9–13). He stated that the leaf pictured in Ludwig (1860: pl. 47, fig. 13) cannot attributed to  Magnolia attenuata C.O.Weber 1852 because of different morphological traits, thus he only included the seeds in Ludwig (1860: pl. 47, fig. 9–12) to the taxon  Magnolia ludwigii . Formally, Ettingshausen made  Magnolia ludwigii a formal nomen novum for the seeds illustrated as  Magnolia attenuata (non C.O.Weber 1852) by Ludwig (1860: pl. 47, figs 9–12). Subsequently Kirchheimer established a new name—  Magnolia sinuata Kirchheimer (1936: 85–86 ; pl. 8, fig. 1a–q)—for the above mentioned synonyms of  Magnolia -seeds from the Miocene brown-coal of Bad Salzhausen in Vogelsberg, but he disregarded the priority of the previously published name  Magnolia ludwigii by Ettingshausen (1868). </p>
            <p>Occurrence and habitat:—In central Europe in late Oligocene and Miocene brown-coal and sand deposits of swampy and fluviatile habitats. In early Pliocene in southern Poland (Mai 1975) and northern Italy (Martinetto 1999), up to middle Pliocene in central Italy (Martinetto 2001).</p>
            <p> =  Magnolia lignita (Unger 1860) Mai (1975: 571–575 ; pl. 35, figs 34–38; pl. 36, figs 39–49; pl. 37, figs 50–58), syn. nov. </p>
            <p> Basionym:—  Anona lignitum Unger (1860: 25 ; pl. 10, pro parte: fig. 7 [semen]; non figs 1–6 [folia]). </p>
            <p> Magnolia sinuata Kirchheimer (1935: 717 , 720; text-figs 7–8), nom. nud. </p>
            <p> Magnolia sinuata Kirchheimer (1936: 85–86 ; pl. 8, fig. 1a–q). </p>
            <p> Lectotype (designated here):—[MB. Pb. 2016/2470.1!], repository: Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Berlin (MfN), Alexander Braun collection. Locus typicus: Germany. Hesse: Wetterau, Bad Salzhausen near Nidda. Stratum typicum: Middle Miocene (Langhian), intravolcanic brown-coal deposits (“ Carpolithen-Kohle von Salzhausen ”).</p>
            <p> Syntypes:—[MB.Pb.2016/2470.2!], illustrated in: Kirchheimer (1936: pl. 8, figs 1b–h, as  Magnolia sinuata Kirchh. ), Mai (1975: pl. 35, fig. 34); [MB.Pb.2016/2470.3!]. </p>
            <p> Note:—The “ holotype,” designated by Mai (1975: 572), refers to the pictured specimen in Unger (1860: pl. 10, fig. 7) and not to a collection- or gathering-specimen. The database query on “OeTyp—Catalogue of Palaeontological Types in Austrian Collections”, available from: “https://www.oeaw.ac.at/cgi-bin/oetyp/query/” (accessed: 22 July 2019), did not match any result regarding seeds of  Anona lignitum Unger.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/425087AE086EFFE18DE1BDD9FCD2F840	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Winterscheid, Heinrich	Winterscheid, Heinrich (2020): Typifications in fossil-species of Brasenia, Magnolia, Vitis, and Symplocos from the central European Neogene. Phytotaxa 428 (2): 113-121, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.428.2.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.428.2.5
425087AE0868FFE28DE1BFBDFD98FB87.text	425087AE0868FFE28DE1BFBDFD98FB87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Magnolia cor Ludwig 1857	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Magnolia cor Ludwig (1857: 97–98 ; pl. 21, fig. 1a–e) </p>
            <p>Fig. 4A–C.</p>
            <p>Lectotype:—First-step lectotype (designated by Mai 1973: 94–95): Ludwig coll., gathering no. 1167, “Weckesheim (1167, Typus)”;</p>
            <p>second-step lectotype (designated here): MfN, Ludwig coll. [MB.Pb.2005/0354.1!], illustrated in: Ludwig (1857: pl. 21, fig. 1c) and Mai (1973: pl. 2, fig. 1; 1975: pl. 33, fig. 1), repository: Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Berlin (MfN), Rudolph Ludwig collection. Locus typicus: Germany. Hesse: Weckesheim near Reichelsheim in Wetterau. Stratum typicum: Late Pliocene, brown-coal of Wölfersheim Formation.</p>
            <p>Syntypes:—[MB.Pb.2005/0354 (original collection no. 1167)!].</p>
            <p> Notes:—The description of  Magnolia cor relates only to seeds of early Pliocene brown-coal from Weckesheim in Wetterau and is a definite and well defined species (Mai 1975: 564–566). Mai (1973: 94–95) cited the collection no. 1167 with multiple specimens as “Type.” Here the author designates in the second-step the specimen MB.Pb.2005/0354.1 as the lectotype from the gathering no. 1167 of the Ludwig collection in MfN. The name  Magnolia hoffmannii (non Ludwig 1857) in Ludwig (1860: 122; pl. 47, pro parte: figs 6–8—semina; non figs 1–2—folia) is a synonym of  Magnolia ludwigii and therefore not available.  M. hoffmannii Ludwig (1857) , which also relates only to seeds, is a synonym of  M. cor . </p>
            <p>Occurrence and habitat:—Pliocene of central Europe (France, Nederland, Germany, and Poland) in swamp and fluviatile habitats.</p>
            <p>Additional specimens examined:— Germany. Hesse: Wetterau, Dorheim near Friedberg; early Pliocene (Zanclean), intravolcanic brown-coal deposits: MfN, Ludwig coll. [MB.Pb.2005/0340].</p>
            <p> =  Magnolia hoffmannii Ludwig (1857: 98 ; pl. 21, fig. 3a–e), syn. nov. </p>
            <p>  Lectotype (designated here):—[MB.Pb.2005/0628.1 (orig.-no. 131)!], illustrated in:  Ludwig (1860: pl. 47, fig. 6), Mai (1975: pl. 35, fig. 35), repository:  Museum für  Naturkunde ,  Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und  Biodiversitätsforschung , Berlin (MfN),  Rudolph Ludwig collection.  Locus typicus: Germany. Hesse:  Wetterau , Dorheim near Friedberg. Stratum typicum: Early Pliocene (Zanclean), intravolcanic brown-coal deposits. </p>
            <p>Syntypes:—[MB.Pb.2005/0628!], illustrated in: Ludwig (1860: pl. 47, figs 7–8).</p>
            <p> Family  Vitaceae Jussieu (1789: 267) , nom. cons. </p>
            <p> Genus  Vitis Linnaeus (1753: 202)</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/425087AE0868FFE28DE1BFBDFD98FB87	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Winterscheid, Heinrich	Winterscheid, Heinrich (2020): Typifications in fossil-species of Brasenia, Magnolia, Vitis, and Symplocos from the central European Neogene. Phytotaxa 428 (2): 113-121, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.428.2.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.428.2.5
425087AE086BFFE28DE1BCF0FDB0F7F3.text	425087AE086BFFE28DE1BCF0FDB0F7F3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vitis teutonica A. Braun 1854	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Vitis teutonica A. Braun (1854: 147 ; pl. 3, ex parte [semina]: figs 7–17) </p>
            <p>Fig. 5A–B.</p>
            <p>  Lectotype:—First-step lectotype (designated by Mai &amp; Gregor 1982: 422): A. Braun coll., gathering no. 86, “Taf. XX, Fig. 4 —Museum f. Naturkunde Berlin, Nr. 86”; second-step lectotype (designated here): [MB.Pb.2005/0639.1!], repository:  Museum für  Naturkunde ,  Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und  Biodiversitätsforschung , Berlin (MfN),  Alexander Braun collection.  Locus typicus: Germany. Hesse:  Wetterau , Bad Salzhausen near Nidda. Stratum typicum: Middle Miocene (Langhian), intravolcanic brown-coal deposits (“ Carpolithen-Kohle von Salzhausen ”). </p>
            <p>Syntypes:—[MB.Pb.2005/0639.2–11 (original gathering no. 86)!].</p>
            <p> Notes:—Alexander Braun (1854) described leaves, fruits and seeds from Salzhausen as  Vitis teutonica . Later, the name was only applied for seeds, e.g. Ludwig (1860: 118–120: pl. 45, fig. 5a–g) and Kirchheimer (1936: 91–93; pl. 9, fig. 3a–f. 1938: 335–337; pl. 4, figs 12–15; text-fig. 3). </p>
            <p>Mai &amp; Gregor (1982: 422) selected “Taf. XX, Fig. 4 —Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Nr. 86” with multiple specimens as ‘ lectotype,’ and illustrated a specimen (Mai &amp; Gregor 1982: pl. 20, fig. 4), which was also illustrated in Ludwig (1860: pl. 45, fig. 5c) and in Kirchheimer (1936: pl. 9, fig. 3d). The syntypes in the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin [A.Braun coll.: MB.Pb.2005/0639 (orig.-no. 86)] consists of eleven seed-remains, but no specimen can be identified as one of the above mentioned illustrations. Here the seed “coll.-no. MB.Pb.2005/0639.1” is selected as the lectotype from the syntypes of the Alexander Braun collection.</p>
            <p>Occurrence and habitat:—Late Oligocene and Miocene in Europe in fluviatile floodplain and back-swamp deposits from riparian habitats.</p>
            <p>Additional specimens examined:— Germany. Hesse: Wetterau, Bad Salzhausen near Nidda; middle Miocene (Langhian), intravolcanic brown-coal deposits (“Carpolithen-Kohle von Salzhausen”): MfN, Ludwig coll. [MB. Pb.2016/2469].</p>
            <p> Family  Symplocaceae Desfontaines (1820: 9) , nom. cons. </p>
            <p> Genus  Symplocos Jacquin (1760: 24)</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/425087AE086BFFE28DE1BCF0FDB0F7F3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Winterscheid, Heinrich	Winterscheid, Heinrich (2020): Typifications in fossil-species of Brasenia, Magnolia, Vitis, and Symplocos from the central European Neogene. Phytotaxa 428 (2): 113-121, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.428.2.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.428.2.5
425087AE086AFFE38DE1B8E6FCF0FDB1.text	425087AE086AFFE38DE1B8E6FCF0FDB1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Symplocos casparyi Ludwig 1857	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Symplocos casparyi Ludwig (1857: 99 ; pl. 20, fig. 6a–g) </p>
            <p>  Lectotype (retypified and designated here):—[MB.Pb.2004/0825!], illustrated in: Mai &amp; Martinetto (2006: pl. 3, fig. 2a–c), repository:  Museum für  Naturkunde ,  Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und  Biodiversitätsforschung , Berlin (MfN),  Rudolph Ludwig collection.  Locus typicus: Germany. Hesse:  Wetterau , Dorheim near Friedberg. Stratum typicum: Early Pliocene (Zanclean), intravolcanic brown-coal deposits. </p>
            <p> Notes:—The name  Symplocos casparyi R.Ludw. 1857 has to be retypified. Mai &amp; Martinetto (2006: 5) selected one specimen as neotype of  Symplocos casparyi and pointed out: “ 1 specimen detected (Nov. 2003) in Ludwig’s collection from Dorheim (MNB 2004/825), […] is designated here as the neotype.” This specimen is part of the syntypes of Ludwig’s collection described in the protologue of  Symplocos casparyi , and must be designated as lectotype (Turland et al. 2018: ICN Art. 9.3). </p>
            <p> Occurrence and habitat:—  Symplocos casparyi occurs from the early Oligocene to the late Pliocene of Europe: France, Germany, Denmark and Poland (Mai &amp; Martinetto 2006). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/425087AE086AFFE38DE1B8E6FCF0FDB1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Winterscheid, Heinrich	Winterscheid, Heinrich (2020): Typifications in fossil-species of Brasenia, Magnolia, Vitis, and Symplocos from the central European Neogene. Phytotaxa 428 (2): 113-121, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.428.2.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.428.2.5
