identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
3E380C57FFFF4A4927ACB3FEFA43E5F7.text	3E380C57FFFF4A4927ACB3FEFA43E5F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scydmaenus (Choleropsis) Franz 1975	<div><p>Identification key to males of Scydmaenus (Choleropsis)</p><p>1 Antennomere 5 as long as broad (Fig. 57); antennomere 9 with deep step-wise concavities on both outer and mesal margin (Fig. 57)...................................................................... Scydmaenus kroombitanus sp. n.</p><p>- Antennomere 5 strongly elongate (e.g., Fig. 51); antennomere 9 curved or bent (Figs 51, 56), with shallow lateral impression (Figs 53, 54), or with one deep lateral concavity (Fig. 55)..................................................... 2</p><p>2 Antennomere 9 bent at nearly right angle (Fig. 51).................................. Scydmaenus beechmonti Franz</p><p>- Antennomere 9 slightly curved or with lateral concavity (Figs 53–56)........................................... 3</p><p>3 Antennomere 10 strongly elongate and nearly twice as long as antennomere 9, with lateral impression (Fig. 53).................................................................................... Scydmaenus geniculatus (King)</p><p>- Antennomere 10 at most slightly elongate and only slightly longer than antennomere 9 (Figs 54–56)................... 4</p><p>4 Antennomere 9 with conspicuously deep and abrupt lateral concavity as deep as half width of antennomere (Fig. 55)................................................................................... Scydmaenus princeps (King)</p><p>- Antennomere 9 with shallow lateral impression (Figs 54, 56).................................................. 5</p><p>5 Antennomere 10 distinctly elongate, with lateral proximal asetose convexity with subtriangular distal margin (Fig. 56).............................................................................. Scydmaenus curviclavatus sp. n.</p><p>- Antennomere 10 indistinctly elongate, with transverse lateral impression, lacking asetose proximal convexity with subtriangular distal margin (Fig. 54)...................................................... Scydmaenus kurandae Franz</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3E380C57FFFF4A4927ACB3FEFA43E5F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jałoszyński, Paweł	Jałoszyński, Paweł (2023): Scydmaenus Latreille of Australia: Revision of species in subgenera Choleropsis Franz, Kingius Franz, Mascarensia Franz, Parallomicrus Franz, Scottiscydmaenus Franz, and description of Ascydmaenus subgen. n. (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae). Zootaxa 5371 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5371.1.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5371.1.1/52271
3E380C57FFFF4A4D27ACB19BFF71E1C7.text	3E380C57FFFF4A4D27ACB19BFF71E1C7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scydmaenus (Choleropsis) beechmonti Franz	<div><p>Scydmaenus (Choleropsis) beechmonti Franz</p><p>Scydmaenus (Cholerus) beechmonti Franz, 1975: 289 .</p><p>(Figs 7–19, 51–52, 58–59, 70, 190)</p><p>Type material studied. Holotype (AUSTRALIA: QUEENSLAND): ♂, labels illustrated in Fig. 190: “Plateau s Bechmont / Queensld.,Austr. / lg. H.Franz 1970” [white, printed], “ Scydmaenus / (s.str.) {sic!} / beechmonti m. / det. H.Franz ” [white, handwritten and printed], “Typus” [red, handwritten], “♂” [white, printed], “ SAMA Database / No. 25-037022” [white, printed], “ SAMA Digital Image / 20.8. 2013 ” [green, printed and handwritten] (SAMA) . Paratypes (3 exx.): QUEENSLAND: 1 ♀, “ Tamborine Mt. / Queensld.,Austr.” [white, printed], “ Scydmaenus / (Cholerus) / beechmonti m. / PARATYPUS” [yellow, handwritten and printed], “ SAMA 25- 43060” [white, printed] (SAMA) ; 1 ♂, “ Tamborine Mt. / Queensld.,Austr.” [white, printed], “ Scydmaenus / (Cholerus) / beechmonti m. / PARATYPUS ” [yellow, handwritten and printed], “ SAMA 25- 43061” [white, printed] (SAMA) ; 1 ♀, “Mt. Tambourine / Q.; A. M. Lea ” [white, printed], “ Scydmaenus / ( Cholerus) / beechmonti m. / PARATYPUS ” [yellow, handwritten and printed], “ SAMA 25 - 43059” [white, printed] (SAMA) .</p><p>Additional material studied (88 exx.): NEW SOUTH WALES: 3 ♂♂, Blue Mountains, E.W. Ferguson collection (one misidentified as Heterognathus geniculatus) (ANIC) ; 1 ♂, Macksville, 11.1990, leg. Wachtel (cPJ); 3 ♂♂, The Glade / Wonga Track, Dorrigo N.P., 13- 15.11.1990, red rotten wood, leg. T. Weir (ANIC) ; 1 ♂, Comboyne, leg. J. Armstrong (ANIC) ; 1 ♂, Orange, J. Armstrong (ANIC); 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀, misidentified as Scydmaenus princeps by H. Franz, Upper Williams River, 10.1926, leg. Lea &amp; Wilson (SAMA) ; QUEENSLAND: 11 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, Brisbane vic., 01.1991, leg. Wachtel (cPJ); 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Mount Superbus, 01.1995, leg. Wachtel (cPJ); 1 ♂, Mount Glorious, 12.1992, leg. Wachtel (cPJ); 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Brisbane, 03.1981, leg. Wachtel (cPJ); 2 ♂♂, Mount Tamborine, 12.1992, leg. Wachtel (cPJ); 1 ♂, Mt. Glorious, 21.12.1990, leaf &amp; log litter with fungi, Berlesate, leg. J. Lawrence (ANIC) ; 1 ♂, Mount Glorious, 30 km WNW Brisbane, 03.09.1987, ex log of Ficus watkinsiana, leg. F.R. Wylie &amp; M. DeBaar (ANIC) ; 6 ♂♂, Mount Glorious, 800 m, 28.06.1978, bark and log litter, leg. S. &amp; J. Peck (ANIC) ; 5 ♂♂, Mount Glorious, 19- 21.12.1990, under bark and in rotten wood, leg. J. Lawrence (ANIC) ; ♂, Lamington NP, project IBISCA 700A, 29.10.2008, rain forest, bark spray, trees &amp; logs, leg. F. Turco (ANIC) ; 2 ♂♂, Lamington N.P., ( O’Reilly’s), 22- 27.10.1978, under bark and in rotten wood, leg. Lawrence &amp; Weir (ANIC) ; 3 ♂♂, Lamington N.P., near O’Reilly’s, 25&amp; 28.10.1993, leg. S.A. Ślipiński &amp; J. Lawrence (ANIC) ; 2 ♂♂, Lamington N.P., Binna Burra, 900 m, 23.06.1978, rotten bark &amp; litter, leg. S. &amp; J. Peck (ANIC) ; 2 ♂♂, Lamington N.P., Binna Burra, 27.10.1993, under bark, in rotten wood and fungi, leg. S.A. Ślipiński &amp; J. Lawrence (ANIC) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Lamington N.P., Binna Burra, Old Cedar Roads, 11.08.2004, leg. M. Wanat (MNHW) ; 3 ♂♂, Manorina N.P., 500 m, 04.07.1978, under bark, leg. S. &amp; J. Peck (ANIC) ; 4 ♂♂, Joalah N.P., Mount Tamborine, 500 m, rainforest, 22.06.1978, debris under bark, leg. S. &amp; J. Peck (ANIC) ; 3 ♂♂, Joalah N.P., Mount Tamborine, 18- 21.10.1978, under bark of logs, leg. Lawrence &amp; Weir (ANIC) ; 1 ♂, Dandabah, 2 km SE, 20.10.1991, on fungus on side of log, leg. T. Gush (ANIC) ; 3 ♂♂, Boombana N.P., 500 m, 04.06.1978, wet sclerophyll, under bark, leg. J. &amp; S. Peck (ANIC) ; 2 ♂♂, McDonald N.P., Tamborine Mtn., 29.10.1993, leg. S.A. Ślipiński &amp; J. Lawrence (ANIC) ; 2 ♂♂, Palm Grove N.P., Tamborine Mtn., 24 &amp; 29.10.1993, under bark, in rotten wood and fungi, leg. S.A. Ślipiński &amp; J. Lawrence (ANIC) ; 1 ♂, Cameron’s Scrub, site 3, 16.09.1998, 40 m, pyrethrum, trees, leg. Monteith &amp; Bouchaard (QM) ; 1 ♂, Mount Superbus, 900 m, 8- 9.02.1990, pyrethrum, logs, leg. Monteith, Thompson, Janetzki (QM) ; 2 ♂♂, Tomewin Range, Upper Currumbin, 10.10.1989 and 19.10.1989, pyrethrum, trees &amp; logs, leg. Monteith (QM) ; 1 ♂, Mount Chinghee, 720 m, 12 km SE Rathdowney, 17.12.1982, pyrethrum, rainforest, leg. Monteith, Yeates, Thompson (QM) ; 1 ♂, Boombana N.P., site 1, 07.11.2003, day hand collecting, rainforest, 440 m, leg. QM party (QM) .</p><p>Revised diagnosis (based on males). Antennomeres 9 and 10 of subequal width, 9 only slightly shorter than 10 (Fig. 9); antennomere 9 bent at nearly right angle (Fig. 9); antennomere 10 with proximal asetose elevated region with triangular distal portion (Fig. 10); aedeagus in dorsal view (Figs 16, 18) with apical margin weakly rounded and as wide as about 1/3 of total width of median lobe, lateral subapical lobes broadly hook-shape, each slightly longer than broad and projecting strongly laterally and weakly distally, in lateral view (Figs 17, 19) distal region of median lobe weakly broadened, with dorsal margin broadly rounded; metaventrite (Fig. 70) with deep median impression about as broad as half width of metaventrite and filled with setae denser than those on lateral regions.</p><p>Redescription. Body of male (Fig. 15) slightly flattened, elongate and slender, BL 1.80–1.90 mm; pigmentation uniformly light to moderately dark brown, appendages indistinctly lighter (difference best visible in darkest specimens); cuticle moderately glossy, covered with vestiture of yellowish setae.</p><p>Head (Figs 7–8) in dorsal view transversely subrectangular, broadest at eyes, HL 0.33–0.35 mm, HW 0.33–0.38 mm; vertex and frons confluent and weakly convex, posterior margin of vertex distinctly concave, arcuate; tempora nearly as long as 2 × length of eye in dorsal view; supraantennal tubercles indistinct; frons over antennal fossae broadly subtrapezoidal and with straight anterior margin. Eyes small, nearly semicircular in shape, indistinctly emarginate posteriorly and oblique in relation to long axis of head. Punctures on frons and vertex fine, inconspicuous; setae short, sparse, suberect, those on tempora as sparse as those on head dorsum. Genae (Fig. 8) as sparsely setose as frons and vertex. Anterior (exposed) region of head capsule demarcated from neck region by narrow abrupt impression around occipital constriction, anterior margin of gular plate on neck region accentuated by minute rounded anteriorly-directed projection. Submentum (Fig. 8) lacking submental lobes, so that entire mentum is exposed; hypostomal ridges (Fig. 8) extending mesally and anteriorly to connect at middle, their median transverse portion distinct. Antennae (Figs 9–10, 15, 51, 58–59) long and slender, AnL 1.08–1.13 mm; three terminal antennomeres forming sharply delimited club; scape about 3 times as long as broad, distinctly broadening distally; pedicel twice as long as broad; antennomeres 3–4 each 1.5 × as long as broad, 5 twice as long as broad, 6 asymmetrical, 1.8 × as long as broad, 7 and 8 each distinctly transverse and strongly asymmetrical, 9 strongly asymmetrical, elongate and bent at nearly right angle, 10 indistinctly broader and slightly longer than 9, strongly asymmetrical, with proximal asetose expansion with triangular distal margin; 11 much shorter than 9 and 10 combined, nearly twice as long as broad, slightly asymmetrical.</p><p>Pronotum in dorsal view (Fig. 7) elongate, broadest near anterior third, PL 0.50–0.55 mm, PW 0.40–0.45 mm; anterior and lateral margins confluent and rounded; posterior corners obtuse-angled and blunt; posterior margin nearly straight; base with narrow but distinct posterior marginal carina and with two pairs of small, distinct, sharply marked and relatively deep antebasal pits, each slightly to distinctly transverse. Pronotal disc covered with fine and inconspicuous punctures; setae similar to those on frons and vertex, short, moderately dense, suberect. Ventrally (Fig. 8) prothorax with nearly asetose and impunctate hypomera; basisternal region sparsely covered with short recumbent setae, with indistinct vestiges of notosternal sutures at anterior prothoracic margin; hypomeral ridges distinct and complete, demarcating narrow inner (adcoxal) region of each hypomeron, anteriorly running along procoxal rests and connecting at middle to form biarcuate anteprocoxal carina demarcating basisternal region posteriorly.</p><p>Elytra (Fig. 15) oval, broadest slightly in front of middle, EL 0.95–1.03 mm, EW 0.65–0.70 mm, EI 1.39–1.54. Humeral calli weakly elevated; basal impression on each elytron barely marked; basal elytral foveae lacking; apices separately rounded. Punctures fine and inconspicuous; setae similar to those on pronotum. Hind wings not studied.</p><p>Metaventrite (Fig. 70) with large and deep longitudinal median impression about as broad as half width of ventrite, with diffuse lateral margins, filled with setae denser than those on surrounding areas, but subequal in lengths.</p><p>Legs (Figs 12–14, 15) long and slender; unmodified, except for distal penicillus on mesotibiae (Figs 13–14) and weakly broadened protarsomere 1 and ventral tenent setae distributed on protarsomeres 1–3 (Fig. 12); protarsi short, tarsomeres 1–4 each about 1.5 × as long as broad, tarsomere 5 3.5 × as long as broad and slightly shorter than tarsomeres 2–4 combined; mesotarsi long, tarsomere 1 nearly 5 × as long as broad and subequal in length to tarsomeres 2–4 combined, tarsomeres 2–4 each about 1.5 × as long as broad, tarsomere 5 nearly 3.5 × as long as broad, subequal in length to tarsomeres 3–4 combined; metatarsi as long as mesotarsi, tarsomere 1 about 3.5 × as long as broad, tarsomeres 2–4 each elongate but decreasing in length distally, tarsomere 5 3.5 × as long as broad, subequal in length to tarsomeres 3–4 combined.</p><p>Aedeagus (Figs 16–19) elongate but not very slender, AeL 0.35 mm, in dorsal view median lobe equally broad near proximal fourth and near distal fourth, with shallow and broad constriction; apical region subtrapezoidal, strongly tapering and with weakly rounded apical margin as wide as about 1/3 of total width of median lobe; lateral subapical lobes prominent and sharply demarcated from median lobe, each subtrapezoidal, slightly longer than wide, strongly projecting laterally and only slightly distally, each lobe with minute hook-like projection on proximal apical corner; ostium situated in subapical fourth of median lobe, flagellum with abruptly broadened and asymmetrical vesicular structure; median lobe in lateral view with slender distal portion delimited by deep submedian constriction, its dorsal surface relatively weakly rounded.</p><p>Female. Similar to male but with unmodified antennal clubs (Fig. 52), mesotibiae lacking distal penicilli, and metaventrite lacking impression; antennae on average slightly shorter in relation to body. BL 1.70–1.85 mm; HL 0.30–0.33 mm, HW 0.33–0.35 mm, AnL 0.95–1.05 mm; PL 0.48–0.53 mm, PW 0.40–0.43 mm; EL 0.93–1.00 mm, EW 0.65–0.68 mm, EI 1.41–1.48.</p><p>Distribution. CE Australia: SE Queensland (most commonly collected in vicinity of Brisbane) and eastern New South Wales.</p><p>Remarks. Among non-type specimens studied there is a male misidentified by Franz as S. princeps, and specimens misidentified by earlier authors as S. geniculatus .</p><p>Males of Scydmaenus beechmonti are easy to identify by the unique antennal modification. Only the newly described S. curviclavatus sp. n. has similar antennae. However, in S. beechmonti, the antennomere 9 is strongly bent at a nearly right angle (Fig. 58), whereas in S. curviclavatus sp. n. this antennomere is only weakly curved (Fig. 66). The aedeagi of these species clearly differ. That of S. beechmonti in dorsal view (Fig. 16) is equally broad in sub-basal and subapical regions, whereas the aedeagus of S. curviclavatus sp. n. (Fig. 42) is strongly broadening distally, so that the subapical region is much broader than the basal portion. Moreover, the shape of the subapical lateral lobes of the median lobe is different: hook-shaped in S. beechmonti vs. rounded subtriangular in S. curviclavatus sp. n.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3E380C57FFFF4A4D27ACB19BFF71E1C7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jałoszyński, Paweł	Jałoszyński, Paweł (2023): Scydmaenus Latreille of Australia: Revision of species in subgenera Choleropsis Franz, Kingius Franz, Mascarensia Franz, Parallomicrus Franz, Scottiscydmaenus Franz, and description of Ascydmaenus subgen. n. (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae). Zootaxa 5371 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5371.1.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5371.1.1/52271
3E380C57FFFA4A5127ACB630FCA2E393.text	3E380C57FFFA4A5127ACB630FCA2E393.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scydmaenus (Choleropsis) geniculatus (King)	<div><p>Scydmaenus (Choleropsis) geniculatus (King)</p><p>Heterognathus geniculatus King, 1864: 98 .</p><p>Scydmaenus (Cholerus) geniculatus (King); Csiki, 1919: 72.</p><p>Scydmaenus princeps sensu Franz, 1975: 288 (misidentified).</p><p>Scydmaenus gracilis sensu Franz, 1975: 292 (misidentified).</p><p>(Figs 20–29, 53, 60–61, 71, 191)</p><p>Type material studied. Lectotype (here designated) (AUSTRALIA): ♂ mounted on card with “ ♂ ” and “LECTOTYPE” written in pencil (Fig. 20), with labels illustrated in Fig. 191: “K23218” [brownish, handwritten], “ SYNTYPE / Heterognathus / geniculatus / King, 1863 {sic!}” [yellow, printed and handwritten], “K 197785” [white, printed] (AMS) . Paralectotypes (3 exx.). ♀, on separate mounting card pinned below lectotype, with same labels (but identity of female uncertain!) (AMS); ♂, “K23218” [brownish, handwritten], “ SYNTYPE / Heterognathus / geniculatus / King, 1863 {sic!}” [yellow, printed and handwritten], “K 197784” [white, printed] (AMS) ; ♂, “K29219” [brownish, handwritten], “K 197787” [white, printed], “ SYNTYPE ” [yellow, printed] (AMS) .</p><p>Additional material studied (7 exx.). NEW SOUTH WALES: 2 ♂♂, Illawarra (correctly identified, presumably by Lea) (ANIC, on permanent loan from Macleay Museum, University of Sydney); 2 ♂♂, New South Wales, Sydney (ANIC, on permanent loan from Macleay Museum, University of Sydney, cPJ); 2 ♂♂, New South Wales, Ropes Creek (ANIC, on permanent loan from Macleay Museum, University of Sydney); 1 ♂, misidentified as Heterognathus princeps by Lea, Glenn Innes, leg. Lea (SAMA).</p><p>Specimens studied as high-quality photographs. Doubtful syntype, ♂ (Figs 28–29), “Heterocerus {sic!} / princeps / Type RLK / Paramatta” [brownish, handwritten], “princeps / King / N- {unclear}” [brownish, handwritten], “C. Schaufuss 1930” [white, printed], “ Scydmaenus / (Cholerus) / princeps King / det.H.Franz” [white, handwritten and printed], “ Heterognathus / princeps King ” [white, handwritten], “DEI Müncheberg / Col - 03300” [greenish, printed], “SDEI Coleoptera / # 303734” [white, printed], “ Syntypus ” [red, printed] (misidentified as H. princeps and used by Franz (1975) to redescribe Scydmaenus princeps; if this specimen is a syntype of Heterognathus princeps, then it must be removed from the type series because of misidentification; the handwriting and style of historical labels suggest that none of them is an original King’s label, so very likely this specimen is not a syntype) (SDEI).</p><p>Revised diagnosis (based on male). Antennomeres 9 and 10 subequal in width, 9 much shorter than 10 and strongly transverse (Figs 60–61); antennomere 10 strongly elongate and with broad and deep lateral impression (Fig. 60); aedeagus in dorsal view (Figs 24, 27) with apical margin straight and as wide as about half of total width of median lobe, lateral subapical lobes narrowly subtriangular, each distinctly longer than broad and projecting strongly laterally and weakly proximally, in lateral view (Figs 25, 27) distal region of median lobe weakly broadened, with dorsal margin rounded in proximal half and concave in distal half; metaventrite (Fig. 71) with deep median impression about as broad as half width of metaventrite and filled with short setae, but impression flanked by much longer setae.</p><p>Redescription. Body of male (Figs 21, 23) slightly flattened, elongate and slender, BL 11.71– 1.98 mm; pigmentation uniformly light to moderately dark brown, appendages indistinctly lighter (difference best visible in darkest specimens); cuticle moderately glossy, covered with vestiture of yellowish setae.</p><p>Head (Figs 21–23, 28–29) in dorsal view transversely subrectangular, broadest at eyes, HL 0.31–0.38 mm, HW 0.33–0.40 mm; vertex and frons confluent and weakly convex, posterior margin of vertex distinctly concave, arcuate; tempora slightly more than twice as long as length of eye in dorsal view; supraantennal tubercles indistinct; frons over antennal fossae broadly subtrapezoidal and with straight anterior margin. Eyes small, nearly semicircular in shape, indistinctly emarginate posteriorly and oblique in relation to long axis of head. Punctures on frons and vertex fine, inconspicuous; setae short, sparse, suberect, those on tempora as sparse as those on head dorsum. Genae as sparsely setose as frons and vertex.Antennae (Figs 22, 29, 53, 60–61) long and slender, AnL 1.05–1.08 mm; three terminal antennomeres forming sharply delimited club; scape about 3 times as long as broad, distinctly broadening distally; pedicel twice as long as broad; antennomeres 3–4 each slightly elongate, 5 twice as long as broad, 6 nearly symmetrical and about as long as broad, 7 and 8 each distinctly transverse and strongly asymmetrical, 9 strongly asymmetrical, strongly transverse, with oblique lamina on distomesal margin demarcated by deep notch (best visible in Fig. 29), 10 nearly twice as long as 9 and subequal in width, strongly asymmetrical, with broad lateral impression; 11 only as long as 10, nearly twice as long as broad, slightly asymmetrical.</p><p>Pronotum in dorsal view (Fig. 23) elongate, broadest near anterior third, PL 0.50–0.58 mm, PW 0.43–0.48 mm; anterior and lateral margins confluent and rounded; posterior corners obtuse-angled and blunt; posterior margin nearly straight; base with narrow but distinct posterior marginal carina and with two pairs of small, distinct, sharply marked and relatively deep antebasal pits, each slightly to distinctly transverse. Pronotal disc covered with fine and inconspicuous punctures; setae similar to those on frons and vertex, short, moderately dense, suberect. Ventrally prothorax with nearly asetose and impunctate hypomera; basisternal region sparsely covered with short recumbent setae.</p><p>Elytra (Fig. 23) oval, broadest slightly in front of middle, EL 0.90–1.03 mm, EW 0.63–0.70 mm, EI 1.44–1.56. Humeral calli weakly elevated; basal impression on each elytron barely marked; basal elytral foveae lacking; apices separately rounded. Punctures fine and inconspicuous; setae similar to those on pronotum. Hind wings not studied.</p><p>Metaventrite (Fig. 71) with large and deep longitudinal median impression about as broad as half width of ventrite, with diffuse lateral margins, filled with short setae and flanked by conspicuously long setae.</p><p>Legs (Fig. 23) long and slender; unmodified, except for distal penicillus on mesotibiae and weakly broadened protarsomere 1 and ventral tenent setae distributed on protarsomeres 1–3; protarsi short, tarsomeres 1–4 each about 1.5 × as long as broad, tarsomere 5 3.5 × as long as broad and slightly shorter than tarsomeres 2–4 combined; mesotarsi long, tarsomere 1 nearly 5 × as long as broad and subequal in length to tarsomeres 2–4 combined, tarsomeres 2–4 each about 1.5 × as long as broad, tarsomere 5 nearly 3.5 × as long as broad, subequal in length to tarsomeres 3–4 combined; metatarsi as long as mesotarsi, tarsomere 1 about 3.5 × as long as broad, tarsomeres 2–4 each elongate but decreasing in length distally, tarsomere 5 3.5 × as long as broad, subequal in length to tarsomeres 3–4 combined.</p><p>Aedeagus (Figs 24–27) elongate but not very slender, AeL 0.35 mm, in dorsal view median lobe broadest at middle and indistinctly constricted in sub-basal and subapical regions; apical region subtrapezoidal, strongly tapering and with straight apical margin as wide as about half of total width of median lobe; lateral subapical lobes prominent and sharply demarcated from median lobe, each subtriangular, distinctly longer than wide, strongly projecting laterally and only slightly proximally; ostium situated in subapical third of median lobe, flagellum with abruptly broadened and asymmetrical vesicular structure; median lobe in lateral view with distal portion delimited by deep submedian constriction, its dorsal surface convex in proximal half and concave in distal half.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. SE Australia: CE and NE Queensland (most specimens from vicinity of Sydney).</p><p>Remarks. The name geniculatus appears in Franz (1975) on p. 274, in a list of King’s species names originally combined with Heterognathus . Interestingly, Franz (1975) did not redescribe this species under its own name, even though he redescribed it twice: on p. 288 misidentified as S. princeps, and on p. 292 misidentified as S. gracilis . The ‘redescription’ of S. princeps sensu Franz was based on a single ‘syntype’ preserved in coll. Schaufuss (SDEI), which is a male (Figs 28–29) that almost certainly was not a part of the type series (judging from labels). The antennal modification of this male does not agree with the description and illustration given by King (1864: pl. VII 2) for Heterognathus princeps, which shows a deep lateral cavity in the antennomere 9, and the antennomere 10 about as long as broad with only a shallow longitudinal impression. The specimen from SDEI does not have such a cavity in the antennomere 9, and its antennomere 10 is distinctly elongate and has a deep lateral impression (Fig. 29). It is S. geniculatus, with identical antennal modifications as those in syntypes of Heterognathus geniculatus preserved at AMS (Fig. 22). Scydmaenus geniculatus was also misidentified as S. princeps by Lea (1 ♂ from SAMA). It was certainly possible to confuse species of Scydmaenus with modified antennal clubs in times when a stereomicroscope was not invented yet (King), or was still a rare instrument in hands of zoologists (Lea).</p><p>Scydmaenus geniculatus clearly differs from all remaining species of Choleropsis in the antennomere 9 strongly transverse, only half as long as antennomere 10, the antennomere 10 massive, strongly elongate, and with a deep and broad lateral impression. In all remaining species the antennomere 9 is at most as broad as long, only slightly shorter than 10, and the antennomere 10 is only slightly elongate. Only in S. kurandae the antennomere 10 has a lateral impression, but it is much narrower than that in S. geniculatus . The aedeagus of S. geniculatus is unique: no other species in this subgenus has the median lobe in dorsal view broadened at middle, and the subapical lateral lobes elongate subtriangular and directed laterally and proximally.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3E380C57FFFA4A5127ACB630FCA2E393	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jałoszyński, Paweł	Jałoszyński, Paweł (2023): Scydmaenus Latreille of Australia: Revision of species in subgenera Choleropsis Franz, Kingius Franz, Mascarensia Franz, Parallomicrus Franz, Scottiscydmaenus Franz, and description of Ascydmaenus subgen. n. (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae). Zootaxa 5371 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5371.1.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5371.1.1/52271
3E380C57FFE74A5627ACB47EFB5EE687.text	3E380C57FFE74A5627ACB47EFB5EE687.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scydmaenus (Choleropsis) kurandae Franz 1975	<div><p>Scydmaenus (Choleropsis) kurandae Franz</p><p>Scydmaenus (Scydmaenus) kurandae Franz, 1975: 295 .</p><p>(Figs 30–34, 54, 62–63, 72, 192)</p><p>Type material studied. Holotype (AUSTRALIA: QUEENSLAND): ♂, labels illustrated in Fig. 192: “Kuranda, / N. Queensland. / G. E. Bryant. / I. III. 09” [brownish, with red line below middle, printed and handwritten], “ G. Bryant Coll. / 1919—147” [brownish, printed], “ Scydmaenus / kurandae m. / det. H.Franz m.” [white, handwritten and printed], “Typus” [red, handwritten], “Holo- / type” [white circle with red margin, printed] (BNHM) . Paratypes (3 exx.). 3 ♂♂ (one with damaged abdomen and elytra and aedeagus missing), same data as for holotype except yellow-margined circles with “Para- / type” and yellow identification labels with “ PARATYPUS ” (BNHM) .</p><p>Additional material studied (33 exx.): QUEENSLAND: 1 ♂, Yungaburra State Forest, 04.12.1990, under bark of dead tree, leg. T. Gush (ANIC); 1 ♂, Lannercost State Forest, 01.12.1990, under bark of dead fallen tree, leg. T. Gush (ANIC); 5 ♂♂, 1 ♀ {but identity of female uncertain}, Longlands Gap, 07.1950, “RD. GR.”, J.G. Brooks Bequest, 1976 (ANIC); 2 ♂♂, Ravenshoe, 27.12.1937, J.G. Brooks Bequest, 1976 (ANIC) ; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ {but identity of female uncertain}, Julatten, 10.1940, J.G. Brooks Bequest, 1976 (ANIC); 2 ♂♂, Windsor Tableland, 5.7 km past barracks, 1260 m, 08.02.1998, pyrethrum, rainforest, tree bases and logs, leg. G.B. Monteith (QM) ; 1 ♂, Windsor Tableland, 1160 m, 27.12.1988, pyrethrum, leg. E. Schmidt &amp; ANZSES (QM); 2 ♂♂, Danbulla Scient. Res., 02.11.1995 and 09.12.1995, pyrethrum, trees &amp; logs, leg. G. Monteith (QM); 3 ♂♂, Peeramon Scrub, 750 m, 09.12.1995, pyrethrum, trees, leg. G. Monteith (cPJ, QM); 3 ♂♂, Gadgarra Rd., 700 m, 5 km E Lake Eacham, 09.12.1989, pyrethrum, logs and trees, leg. Monteith, Thompson, Janetski (QM); 1 ♂, Gadgarra State Forest, 10 km E Lake Eacham, 700 m, 9- 31.12.1989, pitfall &amp; flight intercept traps, leg. Monteith, Thompson, Janetski (QM); 4 ♂♂, Upper Mulgrave Rd., Kearneys Falls, 100 m, 10.12.1988, pyrethrum, logs &amp; trees, leg. Monteith &amp; Thompson (cPJ, QM); 1 ♂, Wongabel State Forest, 5 km S Atherton, 800 m, 05.12.1988, pyrethrum, logs &amp; trees, leg. Monteith &amp; Thompson (QM); 1 ♂, Boonjie, 13 km ESE Malanda, 700 m, 08.12.1988, pyrethrum, trees &amp; logs, leg. Monteith &amp; Thompson (QM); 1 ♂ Palmerston N.P., E margin, 09.12.1995, pyrethrum, trees &amp; logs, leg. G. Monteith (QM); 1 ♂, Graham Range, 550 m, 8- 9.12.1995, pyrethrum, logs, leg. Monteith, Thompson &amp; Cook (QM).</p><p>Revised diagnosis (based on males). Antennomere 9 slightly narrower and distinctly shorter than 10, asymmetrical but not bent and without deep cavity (Fig. 62); antennomere 10 only slightly longer than broad, massive, with shallow transverse impression (Fig. 62); aedeagus in dorsal view (Figs 31, 34) with apical margin straight and slightly wider than half of total width of median lobe, lateral subapical lobes vestigial, developed as minute subtriangular projections; in lateral view (Figs 32, 34) distal region of median lobe weakly broadened, with dorsal margin broadly rounded in proximal half and weakly concave in distal half; metaventrite (Fig. 72) with deep median impression about as broad as half width of metaventrite and filled with setae shorter than those on lateral regions.</p><p>Redescription. Body of male (Fig. 30) slightly flattened, elongate and slender, BL 1.63–1.80 mm; pigmentation uniformly light to moderately dark brown, appendages indistinctly lighter (difference best visible in darkest specimens); cuticle moderately glossy, covered with vestiture of yellowish setae.</p><p>Head (Fig. 30) in dorsal view transversely subrectangular, broadest at eyes, HL 0.30–0.35 mm, HW 0.30–0.35 mm; vertex and frons confluent and weakly convex, posterior margin of vertex distinctly concave, arcuate; tempora twice as long as eye in dorsal view; supraantennal tubercles indistinct; frons over antennal fossae broadly subtrapezoidal and with straight anterior margin. Eyes small, nearly semicircular in shape, indistinctly emarginate posteriorly and oblique in relation to long axis of head. Punctures on frons and vertex fine, inconspicuous; setae short, sparse, suberect, those on tempora as sparse as those on head dorsum. Genae as sparsely setose as frons and vertex. Anterior (exposed) region of head capsule demarcated from neck region by narrow abrupt impression around occipital constriction, anterior margin of gular plate on neck region accentuated by minute rounded anteriorly-directed projection. Antennae (Figs 30, 54, 62–63) long and slender, AnL 1.00– 1.05 mm; three terminal antennomeres forming sharply delimited massive club; scape about 3 times as long as broad, distinctly broadening distally; pedicel twice as long as broad; antennomeres 3–4 each nearly 1.5 × as long as broad, 5 twice as long as broad, 6 asymmetrical, about 1.6 × as long as broad, 7 and 8 each distinctly transverse and strongly asymmetrical, 9 strongly asymmetrical, about as long as broad, 10 distinctly broader and longer than 9, strongly asymmetrical, with transverse lateral impression; 11 only about as long as 10, about 1.8 × as long as broad, slightly asymmetrical.</p><p>Pronotum in dorsal view (Fig. 30) elongate, broadest near anterior third, PL 0.43–0.50 mm, PW 0.38–0.43 mm; anterior and lateral margins confluent and rounded; posterior corners obtuse-angled and blunt; posterior margin nearly straight; base with narrow but distinct posterior marginal carina and with two pairs of small, distinct, sharply marked and relatively deep antebasal pits, each distinctly transverse. Pronotal disc covered with fine and inconspicuous punctures; setae similar to those on frons and vertex, short, moderately dense, suberect. Ventrally prothorax with nearly asetose and impunctate hypomera; basisternal region sparsely covered with short recumbent setae.</p><p>Elytra (Fig. 30) oval, broadest slightly in front of middle, EL 0.90–0.95 mm, EW 0.63–0.68 mm, EI 1.41–1.44. Humeral calli weakly elevated; basal impression on each elytron barely marked; basal elytral foveae lacking; apices separately rounded. Punctures fine and inconspicuous; setae similar to those on pronotum. Hind wings not studied.</p><p>Metaventrite (Fig. 72) with deep median impression about as broad as half width of metaventrite and filled with setae shorter than those on lateral regions.</p><p>Legs (Fig. 30) long and slender; unmodified, except for distal penicillus on mesotibiae and weakly broadened protarsomere 1 and ventral tenent setae distributed on protarsomeres 1–3; protarsi short, tarsomeres 1–4 each about 1.5 × as long as broad, tarsomere 5 3.5 × as long as broad and slightly shorter than tarsomeres 2–4 combined; mesotarsi long, tarsomere 1 nearly 5 × as long as broad and subequal in length to tarsomeres 2–4 combined, tarsomeres 2–4 each about 1.5 × as long as broad, tarsomere 5 nearly 3.5 × as long as broad, subequal in length to tarsomeres 3–4 combined; metatarsi as long as mesotarsi, tarsomere 1 about 3.5 × as long as broad, tarsomeres 2–4 each elongate but decreasing in length distally, tarsomere 5 3.5 × as long as broad, subequal in length to tarsomeres 3–4 combined.</p><p>Aedeagus (Figs 31–34) elongate but not very slender, AeL 0.43 mm, in dorsal view median lobe broadest near subapical third, but weakly narrowing proximally, apical region subtrapezoidal, strongly tapering and with straight apical margin as slightly wider than half of total width of median lobe; lateral subapical lobes vestigial, developed as minute subtriangular projections; ostium situated in subapical third of median lobe, flagellum with abruptly broadened and asymmetrical vesicular structure; median lobe in lateral view with slender distal portion delimited by deep submedian constriction, its dorsal surface strongly rounded in proximal half and weakly concave in distal half.</p><p>Female. Unknown (or impossible to distinguish from similar species by external characters).</p><p>Distribution. NE Australia: N Queensland (collected between Cairns and Cape Palmerston).</p><p>Remarks. Scydmaenus kurandae undoubtfully belongs in Choleropsis, as it shows all diagnostic characters of this subgenus (including those originally listed by Franz (1975), although erroneously attributed to S. gracilis): the asymmetrically modified antennal club in males, the antebasal pronotal pits, the long and curved setal penicillus on the mesotibiae in males, and the impressed metaventrite in males. The placement of this species in Scydmaenus s. str. by Franz (1975: 295) is unexplainable. Franz (1975) described all these characters for S. kurandae, and stated that “on the basis of the structure of the male antenna this species belongs in the subgenus Scydmaenus s. str. and in the subgenus Choleropsis, where, however, does not belong because of the normal structure of the abdomen”. This explanation is completely detached from anything written by Franz in the Scydmaenus section of his Australian monograph, where no abdominal modifications in Choleropsis are mentioned, and it does not agree with the characters given in his key to the subgenera of Scydmaenus (Franz 1975: 273), where Scydmaenus s. str. is distinguished by having unmodified antennae in males, and Choleropsis by the antennae and metaventrite in males modified. This is another example of the chaotic structure of this large work, and a source of many taxonomic problems. Scydmaenus kurandae is here transferred from Scydmaenus s. str. to Choleropsis .</p><p>Externally, males of Scydmaenus kurandae are most similar to those of S. geniculatus; remarks on differences in the structure of antennal clubs are given at the latter species. The aedeagus of S. kurandae is unique among all Choleropsis species in having greatly reduced lateral subapical lobes of the median lobe, which are vestigial and visible as a pair of minute subtriangular projections flanking the apex of the median lobe.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3E380C57FFE74A5627ACB47EFB5EE687	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jałoszyński, Paweł	Jałoszyński, Paweł (2023): Scydmaenus Latreille of Australia: Revision of species in subgenera Choleropsis Franz, Kingius Franz, Mascarensia Franz, Parallomicrus Franz, Scottiscydmaenus Franz, and description of Ascydmaenus subgen. n. (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae). Zootaxa 5371 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5371.1.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5371.1.1/52271
3E380C57FFE04A5427ACB34AFB90E7DB.text	3E380C57FFE04A5427ACB34AFB90E7DB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scydmaenus (Choleropsis) princeps (King 1864)	<div><p>Scydmaenus (Choleropsis) princeps (King)</p><p>Heterognathus princeps King, 1864: 98 .</p><p>Scydmaenus (Cholerus) princeps (King); Csiki, 1819: 73.</p><p>Scydmaenus (Cholerus) marwillumbali Franz, 1975: 291 . Syn. n.</p><p>(Figs 35–40, 55, 64–65, 73, 193)</p><p>Type material studied. Lectotype (here designated) (AUSTRALIA). ♂, with labels illustrated in Fig. 193: “K23219” [brownish, handwritten], “ Het / princeps” [brownish, handwritten], “K 197786” [white, printed], “SYNTYPE” [yellow, printed] (AMS) . Paralectotype. ♂ (Fig. 36), on separated mounting card, on the same pin under lectotype, same data as for lectotype (AMS) .</p><p>Specimens studied as high-quality photographs. Holotype of Scydmaenus marwillumbali Franz (AUSTRALIA: NEW SOUTH WALES): ♂ (Fig. 35), with labels illustrated in Fig. 194: “Murwillumbah / N.S.Wales ” [white, handwritten], “ Coll. F. Muir / 801919” [white, printed and handwritten], “ Scydmaenus / marwillumbali / m. / det. H.Franz ” [white, handwritten and printed], “Typus” [red, handwritten] (BM).</p><p>Revised diagnosis (based on males). Antennomere 9 only slightly shorter and narrower than 10, with conspicuously deep and abrupt lateral concavity (Fig. 64); antennomere 10 about as long as broad and only slightly impressed (Figs 64–65); aedeagus in dorsal view (Figs 37, 39) with apical margin distinctly concave and as wide as about half of total width of median lobe, lateral subapical lobes prominent, subtriangular, in lateral view (Figs 38, 40) distal region of median lobe strongly broadened, with dorsal margin strongly rounded in proximal half and weakly concave in distal half; metaventrite (Fig. 73) with shallow and diffuse median impression about as broad as half width of metaventrite and filled with short recumbent setae not differing from those on lateral regions.</p><p>Redescription. Body of male (Figs 35–36) slightly flattened, elongate and slender, BL 1.75 mm; pigmentation uniformly light to dark brown, appendages (especially antennae and palps) indistinctly lighter (difference best visible in darkest specimens); cuticle moderately glossy, covered with vestiture of yellowish setae.</p><p>Head (Fig. 36) in dorsal view transversely subrectangular, broadest at eyes, HL 0.30 mm, HW 0.35 mm; vertex and frons confluent and weakly convex, posterior margin of vertex distinctly concave, arcuate; tempora slightly longer than 3 × length of eye in dorsal view; supraantennal tubercles indistinct; frons over antennal fossae broadly subtrapezoidal and with straight anterior margin. Eyes conspicuously small, nearly semicircular in shape, indistinctly emarginate posteriorly and oblique in relation to long axis of head. Punctures on frons and vertex fine, inconspicuous; setae short, sparse, suberect, those on tempora as sparse as those on head dorsum. Genae as sparsely setose as frons and vertex. Anterior (exposed) region of head capsule demarcated from neck region by narrow abrupt impression around occipital constriction, anterior margin of gular plate on neck region accentuated by minute rounded anteriorly-directed projection. Antennae (Figs 35–36, 55, 64–65) long and slender, AnL 0.95 mm; three terminal antennomeres forming sharply delimited club; scape about 3 times as long as broad, distinctly broadening distally; pedicel twice as long as broad; antennomeres 3–4 each nearly 1.5 × as long as broad, 5 twice as long as broad, 6 nearly symmetrical, about as long as broad, 7 and 8 each distinctly transverse and strongly asymmetrical, 9 strongly asymmetrical, with deep and abrupt lateral concavity, 10 slightly broader and indistinctly longer than 9, weakly asymmetrical, with shallow longitudinal (slightly oblique) impression; 11 much shorter than 9 and 10 combined, nearly twice as long as broad, slightly asymmetrical.</p><p>Pronotum in dorsal view (Fig. 36) elongate, broadest near anterior third, PL 0.48 mm, PW 0.43 mm; anterior and lateral margins confluent and rounded; posterior corners obtuse-angled and blunt; posterior margin nearly straight; base with narrow but distinct posterior marginal carina and with two pairs of small, distinct, sharply marked and relatively deep antebasal pits, each distinctly transverse. Pronotal disc covered with fine and inconspicuous punctures; setae similar to those on frons and vertex, short, moderately dense, suberect. Ventrally prothorax with nearly asetose and impunctate hypomera; basisternal region sparsely covered with short recumbent setae.</p><p>Elytra (Fig. 36) oval, broadest slightly in front of middle, EL 0.98 mm, EW 0.68 mm, EI 1.44. Humeral calli weakly elevated; basal impression on each elytron barely marked; basal elytral foveae lacking; apices separately rounded. Punctures fine and inconspicuous; setae similar to those on pronotum. Hind wings not studied.</p><p>Metaventrite (Fig. 73) with shallow and diffuse median impression about as broad as half width of metaventrite and filled with short recumbent setae not differing from those on lateral regions</p><p>Legs (Fig. 36) long and slender; unmodified, except for distal penicillus on mesotibiae and weakly broadened protarsomere 1 and ventral tenent setae distributed on protarsomeres 1–3; protarsi particularly short, tarsomere 1 about 1.5 × as long as broad, 2–4 each about as long as broad, tarsomere 5 3 × as long as broad and slightly shorter than tarsomeres 2–4 combined; mesotarsi long, tarsomere 1 nearly 4 × as long as broad and subequal in length to tarsomeres 2–4 combined, tarsomeres 2–4 each about 1.5 × as long as broad, tarsomere 5 nearly 3 × as long as broad, subequal in length to tarsomeres 3–4 combined; metatarsi as long as mesotarsi, tarsomere 1 about 3. × as long as broad, tarsomeres 2–4 each elongate but decreasing in length distally, tarsomere 5 3 × as long as broad, subequal in length to tarsomeres 3–4 combined.</p><p>Aedeagus (Figs 37–40) elongate but not very slender, AeL 0.28 mm, in dorsal view median lobe broadest near distal third; apical region subtrapezoidal, strongly tapering and with strongly concave apical margin about as wide as half of total width of median lobe; lateral subapical lobes prominent and sharply demarcated from median lobe, each subtriangular, about as long as wide, strongly projecting laterally, flagellum with abruptly broadened and asymmetrically coiled vesicular structure; median lobe in lateral view with distinctly broadened distal portion, its dorsal surface relatively strongly rounded in proximal half and weakly concave in distal half.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. CE and SE Australia: eastern New South Wales (known only from vicinity of Brisbane and Sydney).</p><p>Remarks. The species redescribed by Franz (1975) as S. princeps on p. 288 is in fact S. geniculatus (see Remarks for the latter species).</p><p>As many Franz’s names, also S. marwillumbali was based on a misspelled locality, in this case the town Murwillumbah in the Northern Rivers. The antennal modification in S. princeps and S. marwillumbali is identical and unique among all Choleropsis species, and these names are unambiguously synonymous.</p><p>Scydmaenus princeps is distinct within Choleropsis and can be easily distinguished from all remaining species by a deep lateral cavity of the antennomere 9. Only S. kroombitanus sp. n. has a somewhat similarly modified antennal club, although the shape of both the antennomere 9 and 10 is different, and in S. princeps the antennomere 5 is strongly elongate, whereas in S. kroombitanus the antennomere 5 is as long as broad.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3E380C57FFE04A5427ACB34AFB90E7DB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jałoszyński, Paweł	Jałoszyński, Paweł (2023): Scydmaenus Latreille of Australia: Revision of species in subgenera Choleropsis Franz, Kingius Franz, Mascarensia Franz, Parallomicrus Franz, Scottiscydmaenus Franz, and description of Ascydmaenus subgen. n. (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae). Zootaxa 5371 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5371.1.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5371.1.1/52271
3E380C57FFE24A5A27ACB3B6FC6CE44B.text	3E380C57FFE24A5A27ACB3B6FC6CE44B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scydmaenus (Choleropsis) curviclavatus Jałoszyński 2023	<div><p>Scydmaenus (Choleropsis) curviclavatus sp. n.</p><p>(Figs 41–45, 56, 66–67, 74)</p><p>Type material studied. Holotype (AUSTRALIA: QUEENSLAND). ♂, “AUST:QLD:ME: / Nob Creek, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.37&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.52" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.37/lat -22.52)">Byfield</a> / 27 Apr 1979 / G.B. Monteith ” [white, printed], “QM BERLESATE / 22.52S 150.37E / Rainforest / Stick brushing” [white, printed], “ SCYDMAENUS / ( CHOLEROPSIS) / curviclavatus m. / P. Jałoszyński, 2023 / HOLOTYPUS ” [red, printed] (QM) . Paratypes (17 exx.). QUEENSLAND: 3 ♂♂, same data as for holotype, except for yellow “ PARATYPUS ” labels (cPJ, QM); 1 ♂, “CQld: Mt Fort William / 6 km NE Kalpowar, / 18 Sept 1989. / G.B.Monteith, 700m / Pyrethrum, Rainforest” [white, printed] (QM) ; 1 ♂, “SEQ:24°32’Sx151°28’E / Bulburin barracks. / 8 Oct 1999. 580m / G.B.Monteith. rainforest / Pyrethrum, trees. 7816 [white, printed] (QM); 1 ♂, “ QUEENSLAND (MEQ) / 8km NW Mt Macartney / 21 Apr 1979 / G.B. Monteith ” [white, printed], “Q.M.BERLESATE NO.49 / 20.49S 148.30E / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.46666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.49" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.46666/lat -20.49)">Dry</a> rainforest, 690m / Stick brushings” [white, printed] (QM) ; 2 ♂♂, “MEQ:21°35’Sx149°11’E / Cameron Creek, upper, / 100m. 1 Oct 1999. / GB Monteith. pyrethrum / trees, rainforest. 7793” [white, printed] (QM) ; 2 ♂♂, “AUST:QLD:ME: Brandy Ck / Rd, Conway SF / 23 Apr1979 / G.Monteith” [white, printed], “QM Berlesate No. 56 / 20.20S 148.42E / Rainforest 60m / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=148.42&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 148.42/lat -20.2)">Stick</a> brushing” [white, printed] (cPJ, QM) ; 2 ♂♂, “CEQ:22°21Sx149°21’E / St Lawrence, 18,5km W / (rainfor.). 29 May 2000 / GB Monteith. 240m / pyrethrum, trees. 9271” [white, printed] (cPJ, QM) ; 2 ♂♂, “ Mt Fort William. / Via Kalpowar, C.Qld. / 18 Jan 1990. Monteith / Pyrethrum. Logs” [white, printed] (QM) ; 1 ♂, “Eungella NP, QLD / Campsite, Broken R. / 8 Jun. 1992 C. Reid / under bark, on trees” [white, printed]; NEW SOUTH WALES: 2 ♂♂ mounted on one card with ant, “Comboyne / N.S.W. / J. Armstrong” [brownish, printed] (ANIC); (ANIC) . All paratypes with yellow printed “ PARATYPUS ” labels.</p><p>Diagnosis (based on males). Antennomere 9 only slightly shorter than 10, elongate and slightly curved (Figs 66–67); antennomere 10 elongate, with large proximal lateral asetose convexity with subtriangular distal margin (Fig. 67); aedeagus in dorsal view (Figs 42, 44) with apical margin weakly rounded and as wide as about 1/3 of total width of median lobe, lateral subapical lobes small, subtriangular and rounded, each with short setae on apex; in lateral view (Figs 43, 45) distal portion of median lobe delimited by deep submedian constriction, weakly broadened, with dorsal margin broadly rounded in proximal 3/4 and slightly concave near apex; metaventrite (Fig. 74) with deep median impression about as broad as half width of metaventrite and filled with setae slightly shorter than those on lateral regions.</p><p>Description. Body of male (Fig. 41) slightly flattened, elongate and slender, BL 1.78–1.90 mm; pigmentation uniformly light to moderately dark brown, appendages indistinctly lighter (difference best visible in darkest specimens); cuticle moderately glossy, covered with vestiture of yellowish setae.</p><p>Head (Fig. 41) in dorsal view transversely subrectangular, broadest at eyes, HL 0.30–0.33 mm, HW 0.33–0.35 mm; vertex and frons confluent and weakly convex, posterior margin of vertex distinctly concave, arcuate; tempora nearly as long as 3 × length of eye in dorsal view; supraantennal tubercles indistinct; frons over antennal fossae broadly subtrapezoidal and with straight anterior margin. Eyes small, nearly semicircular in shape, indistinctly emarginate posteriorly and oblique in relation to long axis of head. Punctures on frons and vertex fine, inconspicuous; setae short, sparse, suberect, those on tempora as sparse as those on head dorsum. Genae as sparsely setose as frons and vertex. Anterior (exposed) region of head capsule demarcated from neck region by narrow abrupt impression around occipital constriction, anterior margin of gular plate on neck region accentuated by minute rounded anteriorly-directed projection. Antennae (Figs 41, 56, 66–67) long and slender, AnL 1.03–1.05 mm; three terminal antennomeres forming sharply delimited club; scape about 3 times as long as broad, distinctly broadening distally; pedicel 2.5 × as long as broad; antennomeres 3–4 each 1.5 × as long as broad, 5 twice as long as broad, 6 asymmetrical, 1.8 × as long as broad, 7 and 8 each distinctly transverse and strongly asymmetrical, 9 strongly asymmetrical, elongate and weakly curved, 10 distinctly broader and slightly longer than 9, strongly asymmetrical, with proximal asetose expansion with triangular distal margin; 11 much shorter than 9 and 10 combined, nearly twice as long as broad, slightly asymmetrical.</p><p>Pronotum in dorsal view (Fig. 41) elongate, broadest near anterior third, PL 0.50–0.55 mm, PW 0.40–0.45 mm; anterior and lateral margins confluent and rounded; posterior corners obtuse-angled and blunt; posterior margin nearly straight; base with narrow but distinct posterior marginal carina and with two pairs of small, distinct, sharply marked and relatively deep antebasal pits, each slightly transverse. Pronotal disc covered with fine and inconspicuous punctures; setae similar to those on frons and vertex, short, moderately dense, suberect. Ventrally prothorax with nearly asetose and impunctate hypomera; basisternal region sparsely covered with short recumbent setae.</p><p>Elytra (Fig. 41) oval, broadest slightly in front of middle, EL 0.95–1.03 mm, EW 0.65–0.70 mm, EI 1.41–1.52. Humeral calli weakly elevated; basal impression on each elytron barely marked; basal elytral foveae lacking; apices separately rounded. Punctures fine and inconspicuous; setae similar to those on pronotum. Hind wings not studied.</p><p>Metaventrite (Fig. 74) with deep median impression about as broad as half width of metaventrite and filled with setae slightly shorter than those on lateral regions.</p><p>Legs (Fig. 41) long and slender; unmodified, except for distal penicillus on mesotibiae and weakly broadened protarsomere 1 and ventral tenent setae distributed on protarsomeres 1–3; protarsi short, tarsomere 1 about 1.5 × as long as broad, 2–4 each about as long as broad, tarsomere 5 3 × as long as broad and slightly shorter than tarsomeres 2–4 combined; mesotarsi long, tarsomere 1 nearly 4 × as long as broad and subequal in length to tarsomeres 2–4 combined, tarsomeres 2–4 each about 1.5 × as long as broad, tarsomere 5 nearly 3 × as long as broad, subequal in length to tarsomeres 3–4 combined; metatarsi as long as mesotarsi, tarsomere 1 about 3. × as long as broad, tarsomeres 2–4 each elongate but decreasing in length distally, tarsomere 5 3 × as long as broad, subequal in length to tarsomeres 3–4 combined.</p><p>Aedeagus (Figs 42–45) elongate but not very slender, AeL 0.35 mm, in dorsal view median lobe broadest in subapical 1/5; apical region subtrapezoidal, strongly tapering and with weakly rounded apical margin as wide as about half of total width of median lobe; lateral subapical lobes prominent and sharply demarcated from median lobe, each subtriangular, about as long as broad, strongly projecting laterally and slightly distally, each lobe with short setae on apex; ostium situated in subapical fourth of median lobe, flagellum with abruptly broadened and asymmetrical vesicular structure; median lobe in lateral view with slender distal portion delimited by deep submedian constriction, with dorsal margin broadly rounded in proximal 3/4 and slightly concave near apex.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. CE and NE Australia: E and CW Queensland, NE New South Wales.</p><p>Etymology. The adjective curviclavatus refers to the curved antennomere 9.</p><p>Remarks. Scydmaenus curviclavatus sp. n. externally resembles S. beechmonti, males of both species have somewhat similar antennal clubs. However, in S. curviclavatus the antennomere 9 is only weakly curved, not strongly bent, as that in S. beechmonti . The aedeagi of these species are clearly different, that of S. curviclavatus with short and rounded lateral subapical lobes, whereas the median lobe in S. beechmonti bears large asetose subtrapezoidal subapical lobes, each with a clearly marked distal and proximal corner.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3E380C57FFE24A5A27ACB3B6FC6CE44B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jałoszyński, Paweł	Jałoszyński, Paweł (2023): Scydmaenus Latreille of Australia: Revision of species in subgenera Choleropsis Franz, Kingius Franz, Mascarensia Franz, Parallomicrus Franz, Scottiscydmaenus Franz, and description of Ascydmaenus subgen. n. (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae). Zootaxa 5371 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5371.1.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5371.1.1/52271
3E380C57FFEC4A5F27ACB006FEF1E50F.text	3E380C57FFEC4A5F27ACB006FEF1E50F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scydmaenus (Choleropsis) kroombitanus Jałoszyński 2023	<div><p>Scydmaenus (Choleropsis) kroombitanus sp. n.</p><p>(Figs 46–50, 57, 68–69, 75)</p><p>Type material studied. Holotype (AUSTRALIA: QUEENSLAND), ♂ (Fig. 46), “ Kroombit Tops, 65km SW / Gladstone.Q. 1000-1100m / 22-26 Feb. 1982,Open for. / Monteith,Thompson&amp;Yeates” [white, printed], “ SCYDMAENUS / ( CHOLEROPSIS) / kroombitanus m. / P. Jałoszyński, 2023 / HOLOTYPUS” [red, printed] (QM).</p><p>Diagnosis (based on male). Antennomeres 9 and 10 of subequal width (Fig. 57); antennomere 9 with deep abrupt lateral concavities both on mesal and outer surface (Fig. 57); antennomere 10 weakly asymmetrical (Figs 68–69); aedeagus in dorsal view (Figs 47, 49) with apical margin with subtriangular emargination and as wide as about half of total width of median lobe, lateral subapical lobes subtriangular, each about as long as broad and projecting strongly laterally, in lateral view (Figs 48, 50) distal region of median lobe weakly broadened, with dorsal margin broadly rounded in proximal 3/4 and concave near apex; metaventrite (Fig. 75) with deep median impression about as broad as half width of metaventrite and filled with setae shorter than those on lateral regions.</p><p>Description. Body of male (Fig. 46) slightly flattened, elongate and slender, BL 1.90 mm; pigmentation uniformly moderately dark, appendages indistinctly lighter; cuticle moderately glossy, covered with vestiture of yellowish setae.</p><p>Head (Fig. 46) in dorsal view transversely subrectangular, broadest at eyes, HL 0.33 mm, HW 0.43 mm; vertex and frons confluent and weakly convex, posterior margin of vertex distinctly concave, arcuate; tempora as long as 2 × length of eye in dorsal view; supraantennal tubercles indistinct; frons over antennal fossae broadly subtrapezoidal and with straight anterior margin. Eyes small, nearly semicircular in shape, indistinctly emarginate posteriorly and oblique in relation to long axis of head. Punctures on frons and vertex fine, inconspicuous; setae short, sparse, suberect, those on tempora as sparse as those on head dorsum. Genae as sparsely setose as frons and vertex. Anterior (exposed) region of head capsule demarcated from neck region by narrow abrupt impression around occipital constriction, anterior margin of gular plate on neck region accentuated by minute rounded anteriorly-directed projection. Antennae (Figs 46, 57, 68–69) relatively short (compared to other members of Choleropsis), slender, AnL 0.98 mm; three terminal antennomeres forming sharply delimited club; scape about 3 times as long as broad, distinctly broadening distally; pedicel twice as long as broad; antennomeres 3–5 each as long as broad, 6 nearly symmetrical, distinctly transverse, 7 and 8 each strongly transverse and strongly asymmetrical, 9 strongly asymmetrical, about as long as broad, with deep step-wise abrupt concavities both on outer and inner (mesal) surface, 10 indistinctly longer and broader than 9, asymmetrical, with shallow impression; 11 much shorter than 9 and 10 combined, nearly twice as long as broad, slightly asymmetrical.</p><p>Pronotum in dorsal view (Fig. 46) elongate, broadest near anterior third, PL 0.53 mm, PW 0.48 mm; anterior and lateral margins confluent and rounded; posterior corners obtuse-angled and blunt; posterior margin nearly straight; base with narrow but distinct posterior marginal carina and with two pairs of small, distinct, sharply marked and relatively deep antebasal pits, each distinctly transverse. Pronotal disc covered with fine and inconspicuous punctures; setae similar to those on frons and vertex, short, moderately dense, suberect. Ventrally prothorax with nearly asetose and impunctate hypomera; basisternal region sparsely covered with short recumbent setae.</p><p>Elytra (Fig. 46) oval, broadest slightly in front of middle, EL 1.05 mm, EW 0.78 mm, EI 1.35. Humeral calli weakly elevated; basal impression on each elytron barely marked; basal elytral foveae lacking; apices separately rounded. Punctures fine and inconspicuous; setae similar to those on pronotum. Hind wings not studied.</p><p>Metaventrite (Fig. 75) with deep median impression about as broad as half width of metaventrite and filled with setae shorter than those on lateral regions.</p><p>Legs (Fig. 46) long and slender; unmodified, except for distal penicillus on mesotibiae and weakly broadened protarsomere 1 and ventral tenent setae distributed on protarsomeres 1–3; protarsi short, tarsomere 1 about 1.5 × as long as broad, 2–4 each about as long as broad, tarsomere 5 3 × as long as broad and slightly shorter than tarsomeres 2–4 combined; mesotarsi long, tarsomere 1 nearly 4 × as long as broad and subequal in length to tarsomeres 2–4 combined, tarsomeres 2–4 each about 1.5 × as long as broad, tarsomere 5 nearly 3 × as long as broad, subequal in length to tarsomeres 3–4 combined; metatarsi as long as mesotarsi, tarsomere 1 about 3. × as long as broad, tarsomeres 2–4 each elongate but decreasing in length distally, tarsomere 5 3 × as long as broad, subequal in length to tarsomeres 3–4 combined.</p><p>Aedeagus (Figs 47–50) elongate but not very slender, AeL 0.38 mm, in dorsal view median lobe broadest near distal 2/3; apical region subtrapezoidal, strongly tapering, apical margin with broad subtriangular emargination, as wide as about half of total width of median lobe; lateral subapical lobes prominent and sharply demarcated from median lobe, each subtriangular, about as long as wide, strongly projecting laterally; ostium situated in subapical third of median lobe, flagellum with abruptly broadened and asymmetrical vesicular structure; median lobe in lateral view with slender distal portion demarcated by deep submedian constriction, its dorsal surface strongly rounded in proximal 2/3, distinctly concave near apex.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. CE Australia: SE Queensland.</p><p>Etymology. The adjective kroombitanus is derived from the type locality, Kroombit Tops.</p><p>Remarks. Males of Scydmaenus kroombitanus are easy to identify by unusually short antennae with the antennomere 5 not elongate, as in all remaining members of Choleropsis, but as long as broad, and the unique antennal modification.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3E380C57FFEC4A5F27ACB006FEF1E50F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jałoszyński, Paweł	Jałoszyński, Paweł (2023): Scydmaenus Latreille of Australia: Revision of species in subgenera Choleropsis Franz, Kingius Franz, Mascarensia Franz, Parallomicrus Franz, Scottiscydmaenus Franz, and description of Ascydmaenus subgen. n. (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae). Zootaxa 5371 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5371.1.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5371.1.1/52271
3E380C57FFE84A5E27ACB2FBFA43E07F.text	3E380C57FFE84A5E27ACB2FBFA43E07F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	(Kingius) Franz	<div><p>Subgenus Kingius Franz</p><p>Kingius Franz in Newton &amp; Franz (1998): 153. New name for Heterognathus King, 1864 .</p><p>Heterognathus King, 1864: 96 . Preoccupied, not Girard (1854) (Pisces); not Schmarda (1859) (Rotifera), not Rey (1888) ( Coleoptera: Histeridae). Type species: Heterognathus carinatus King, 1864 (des. Franz, 1975: 274). Synonymized with Cholerus by Csiki, 1919; as synonym of Scydmaenus in Fauvel, 1885: 182, but as separate subgenus in Franz (1975).</p><p>Emended diagnosis of Kingius . Scydmaenus with the following features: (1) antennal club virtually dimerous (Fig. 78); (2) all flagellomeres symmetrical or nearly so (Fig. 78); (3) submentum without lateral lobes (Fig. 77); (4) pronotum with median longitudinal antebasal carina, lacking antebasal pits (Fig. 76); (5) basisternal region of prosternum distinctly longer than procoxal rests (Fig. 77); (6) elytra lacking basal foveae (Fig. 76); mesocoxae narrowly separated by carinate mesoventral process, posteriorly fused with subtrapezoidal anterior metaventral process (Fig. 79); (7) metanepisterna largely fused with metaventrite (Fig. 79); (8) metaventral intermetacoxal process short and broad, with concave posterior margin, about as wide as one metacoxa; (9) male protarsi slightly broadened and with tenent setae on ventral surface of tarsomeres 1–3; and (10) aedeagus lacking lateral subapical lobes, with minute dorsal setae in apical region.</p><p>Remarks. King (1864) described the genus Heterognathus and defined it primarily by the asymmetrical mandibles: the right one with a bifid preapical tooth, and the left one with two teeth. He also described the maxillary palpomere 4 as “ minuto globoso ” (although “subglobose” would better match the dome-shaped structure), and several other characters, all matching world species of what is now recognized as Scydmaenus . Franz (1975) designated Heterognathus carinatus as the type species for the King’s genus, and placed Heterognathus as a subgenus of Scydmaenus . Franz’s (1975) diagnosis of Heterognathus (later replaced by Kingius) was based on the characters found in the type species. However, he lists in one paragraph features that demonstrate that Heterognathus is identical with Scydmaenus, and at the same time those that justify placing H. carinatus in a separate subgenus. It is impossible to extract subgeneric diagnostic characters from this description. However, such a diagnosis can be compiled from the characters used in the identification key for subgenera of Scydmaenus given in Franz (1975) on p. 273. The Franz’s diagnosis includes: (1) pronotum with median longitudinal antebasal carina; (2) antennae with antennomeres 6–8 transverse and 9 small, and with only dimerous clubs; and (3) metanepisterna demarcated from metaventrite by a sharply marked suture. In fact, the last character was incorrect, as in Scydmaenus carinatus the metanepisterna are largely fused with the metaventrite (Fig. 79), and a poorly visible suture delimiting these structures is developed only near anterior and posterior regions of the lateroventral metathorax. As a result, Kingius (= Heterognathus) cannot be identified using the Franz’s key.</p><p>Composition, distribution and biology. Kingius includes only two endemic Australian species, S. carinatus (King) and S. formicarum Franz. Both have been collected with ants, but the ant species remains undetermined ( S. carinatus was found “in the nest of small black ants”, according to King (1864)).</p><p>Identification key to males and females of Scydmaenus (Kingius)</p><p>1 Antennomere 10 distinctly transverse (Fig. 78); BL&gt; 1.7 mm .......................... Scydmaenus carinatus (King)</p><p>- Antennomere 10 as long as broad (Fig. 90); BL &lt;1.5 mm ........................... Scydmaenus formicarum Franz</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3E380C57FFE84A5E27ACB2FBFA43E07F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jałoszyński, Paweł	Jałoszyński, Paweł (2023): Scydmaenus Latreille of Australia: Revision of species in subgenera Choleropsis Franz, Kingius Franz, Mascarensia Franz, Parallomicrus Franz, Scottiscydmaenus Franz, and description of Ascydmaenus subgen. n. (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae). Zootaxa 5371 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5371.1.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5371.1.1/52271
3E380C57FFE84A6127ACB4ECFF0CE267.text	3E380C57FFE84A6127ACB4ECFF0CE267.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scydmaenus (Kingius) carinatus (King 1864)	<div><p>Scydmaenus (Kingius) carinatus (King)</p><p>Heterognathus carinatus King, 1864: 97 .</p><p>Scydmaenus (Cholerus) carinatus (King); Csiki, 1919: 72.</p><p>Scydmaenus (Heterognathus) carinatus (King); Franz, 1975: 275.</p><p>(Figs 76–89, 195)</p><p>Franz’s (1975) redescription. Franz redescribed this species based only on non-type specimens preserved at BNHM. They slightly differ in finer elytral punctures from the syntype female available for my study. Males showing similarly large elytral punctures as the female syntype, a male from BNHM studied by Franz with fine elytral punctures, and additional non-type specimens with fine elytral punctures were studied, and their aedeagi do not show any differences that could justify considering the different elytral punctation anything but an intraspecific variation. However, there is a chance that specimens with strong elytral punctures (referred below as ‘true S. carinatus ’) and those with fine punctures (referred below as ‘ S. carinatus sensu Franz’) are different species (see also Remarks below), and it is important to make a distinction to facilitate solving this problem. Listing all studied specimens without differentiating them can make it difficult to address this issue in future. For this reason, the studied material is divided into two subgroups, in order to keep track of specimens representing both variants.</p><p>Scydmaenus carinatus with strong elytral punctures (‘true S. carinatus ’). Type material studied. Lectotype (here designated) (AUSTRALIA), ♀ (Fig. 80), with labels illustrated in Fig. 195: “K23214” [brownish, handwritten], “ Heterognathus / carinatus / 154” [brownish, handwritten], “K 197779” [white, printed], “SYNTYPE” [yellow, printed] (AMS).</p><p>Additional material studied: NEW SOUTH WALES: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Central Mangrove, Central Coast, 09.03.1991, in detritus under rotten log, in and around opening to ant nest in woodland, leg. V. Lorimer (ANIC, cPJ); 2 exx. on one card lacking any data except presumably Lea’s label with “Paramatta” and misidentified as Heterognathus princeps, labelled as topotype by S. Misko in 1976, Sydney (ANIC, on permanent loan from Macleay Museum, University of Sydney) .</p><p>Scydmaenus carinatus with fine elytral punctures (‘ S. carinatus sensu Franz’). Material studied. SOUTH AUSTRALIA: 1 ex., Gawler, A.M. Lea, identified as S. carinatus by H. Franz (SAMA) ; WESTERN AUSTRALIA: 4 exx., Swan River, Lea (SAMA) ; VICTORIA: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Sea Lake, Goudie, “1910—172”, identified as “ Heterognathus carinatus King vic.” by A. M. Lea and as Scydmaenus carinatus King by H. Franz ” (BNHM) ; 2 exx., Ocean Grove, correctly identified by Lea (SAMA) . Three more historical specimens from SAMA were studied, but with illegible labels or lacking labels.</p><p>Revised diagnosis. In both sexes, antennomere 10 distinctly transverse (Fig. 78); BL&gt; 1.7 mm; aedeagus in dorsal view narrowing in distal half, with apical margin much narrower than basal margin.</p><p>Redescription. Body of both sexes (Fig. 80) strongly convex, elongate and slender, BL 1.80–1.88 mm; pigmentation uniformly light to moderately dark brown (including appendages), in dark specimens with somewhat reddish hue; cuticle moderately glossy, covered with vestiture of setae slightly lighter than body.</p><p>Head (Figs 76–77) in dorsal view transverse and somewhat subhexagonal, broadest at eyes, HL 0.30–0.33 mm, HW 0.35–0.36 mm; vertex and frons confluent and weakly convex, posterior margin of vertex nearly straight; tempora about twice as long as length of eye in dorsal view; supraantennal tubercles indistinct; frons over antennal fossae broadly subtriangular and with rounded anterior margin. Eyes small, oval, not emarginate posteriorly and oblique in relation to long axis of head. Punctures on frons and vertex fine, inconspicuous; setae short, sparse, suberect, those on tempora distinctly denser and more erect than those on frons and vertex. Genae (Fig. 77) as sparsely setose as frons and vertex, except for dense setae on lateral regions. Anterior (exposed) region of head capsule demarcated from neck region by short abrupt impression around occipital constriction, anterior margin of gular plate on neck region lacking anteriorly-directed projection. Submentum (Fig. 77) without submental lobes; hypostomal ridges (Fig. 77) extend mesally and anteriorly to connect at middle behind anterior margin of submentum, their median transverse portion distinct and strongly convex anteriorly. Antennae (Figs 78, 80, 85) moderately long and slender, AnL 0.88–0.90 mm; two terminal antennomeres forming moderately sharply delimited club; scape twice as long as broad, distinctly broadening distally; pedicel twice as long as broad; antennomere 3 indistinctly elongate, 4–5 each about as long as broad, 6–8 each indistinctly transverse and each strongly broadening distally, 9 about as long as broad, also strongly broadening distally, 10 distinctly (but not strongly) transverse, 11 about as long as 9 and 10 combined, about 1.7 × as long as broad, nearly symmetrical.</p><p>Pronotum in dorsal view (Fig. 76) distinctly elongate, broadest slightly behind anterior third, PL 0.50–0.58 mm, PW 0.40–0.43 mm; anterior margin nearly straight; anterior corners weakly marked, obtuse-angled and blunt, lateral margins rounded; posterior corners obtuse-angled and blunt; posterior margin weakly arcuate; base with narrow and indistinct posterior marginal carina and with short and diffuse longitudinal median carina accentuated by diffuse and shallow impressions at both sides. Pronotal disc covered with fine but sharply marked, sparse punctures; setae slightly longer than those on head, moderately dense, suberect. Ventrally (Fig. 77) prothorax with nearly asetose and impunctate hypomera and basisternal region much longer than procoxal rests, sparsely covered with moderately long recumbent to suberect setae, with barely discernible anterior ‘collar’ and distinct vestiges of notosternal sutures visible as notches on sides of anterior prothoracic margin; hypomeral ridges distinct and complete, demarcating narrow inner (adcoxal) region of each hypomeron, anteriorly running along procoxal rests and connecting at middle to form anteprocoxal carina demarcating basisternal region posteriorly.</p><p>Elytra (Figs 76, 80, 85) from slightly rhomboidal to nearly evenly oval, broadest near middle, EL 0.98–1.00 mm, EW 0.73–0.75 mm, EI 1.33–1.34. Humeral calli small but distinctly elevated; basal impression on each elytron short and transverse, shallow; basal elytral foveae lacking; apices separately rounded. Elytral punctures shallow but distinct and dense, in some specimens (‘ S. carinatus sensu Franz’) fine and inconspicuous; setae distinctly longer and more erect than those on pronotum, moderately dense. Hind wings not studied.</p><p>Mesoventrite (Fig. 79) with carinate subrectangular mesoventral intermesocoxal process posteriorly fused with short and posteriorly broadening anterior metaventral process, fusion site weakly marked on surface. Metanepisterna (Fig. 79) fused with metaventrite, only vestiges of demarcating sutures visible near anterior and posterior margins of metathorax. Metaventral intermetacoxal process (Fig. 79) broad and short, with weakly concave posterior margin, its lateral portions form short subtriangular processes weakly projecting posteriorly; distance between metacoxae subequal to 1/3 width of metaventrite at its posterior margin and as wide as one metacoxa. Metaventrite (Fig. 79) weakly convex, slightly flattened at middle, unmodified and evenly covered with sparse, short, slightly suberect setae.</p><p>Legs (Figs 77, 79, 80, 85) moderately long and slender; unmodified, except for slightly broadened proximal region of protarsi bearing tenent setae on tarsomeres 1–3. Protarsomere 1 about twice as long as broad, 2–4 each indistinctly elongate, 5 about 3 × as long as broad; meso- and metatarsi of subequal length, both distinctly longer that protarsi, each with tarsomere 1 nearly 3 × as long as broad, tarsomeres 2–4 each weakly elongate, and tarsomere 5 about 3 × as long as broad.</p><p>Aedeagus (Figs 81–84, 86–89) elongate and slender, AeL 0.53 mm, in dorsal view median lobe broadest near proximal 1/4, narrowing distally, apex broadly rounded and with indistinct and narrow median emargination; flagellum broadened in proximal region to form three consecutive symmetrical chambers; median lobe with fine setae in apical dorsal region; ostium situated in distal half of median lobe, far from its apex.</p><p>Female. Externally similar to male, except for slenderer protarsi lacking ventral tenent setae. BL 1.80–1.88 mm; HL 0.30–0.33 mm, HW 0.35–0.36 mm, AnL 0.88–0.90 mm; PL 0.50–0.58 mm, PW 0.40–0.43 mm; EL 0.98–1.00 mm, EW 0.73–0.75 mm, EI 1.33–1.34.</p><p>Distribution. S Australia: CE New South Wales, NW and CS Victoria, SE South Australia, and SW Western Australia.</p><p>Remarks. The two ‘forms’ that differ in the elytral punctures, mentioned in the first paragraph of this species’ redescription (the ‘true S. carinatus ’ with strong punctures, and ‘ S. carinatus sensu Franz’ with fine punctures), do not differ in proportions of antennomeres and other body parts, and have almost identical aedeagi (Figs 81–84 vs. 86–89). The type specimen(s) come from Paramatta in New South Wales, and the additional specimens of the ‘true S. carinatus ’ are also from the vicinity of Sydney. Studied specimens of the ‘ S. carinatus sensu Franz’ have been collected in Victoria (near Melbourne and in Sea Lake), South Australia (near Adelaide), and Western Australia (near Perth). The number of specimens is too small to draw any general conclusions concerning the distribution of these forms. At least some specimens of both forms (including the type material) were collected in nests of ants (according to King, 1864: “This species was discovered under the bark of a dead “Stringy Bark”, in the nest of small black ants”). The very similar S. formicarum that belongs in the same subgenus was also collected from ant colonies. The identity of these ants remains unknown. Morphologically similar species of myrmecophiles may be associated with only one ant host, and it is possible that the forms that differ in elytral punctures have strict preferences towards a particular ant species. It is important to collect more specimens together with their ant hosts, and to correlate morphological features with the distribution and host preferences. A molecular analysis could also help solving this interesting problem. Tentatively, both forms are treated as representing one variable species.</p><p>Scydmaenus carinatus is similar to S. formicarum . It is easy to distinguish these species by differences in the body length ( S. carinatus is clearly larger), proportions of antennomeres ( S. carinatus has the antennomere 10 distinctly transverse vs. as long as broad in S. formicarum), and the shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus in dorsal view.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3E380C57FFE84A6127ACB4ECFF0CE267	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jałoszyński, Paweł	Jałoszyński, Paweł (2023): Scydmaenus Latreille of Australia: Revision of species in subgenera Choleropsis Franz, Kingius Franz, Mascarensia Franz, Parallomicrus Franz, Scottiscydmaenus Franz, and description of Ascydmaenus subgen. n. (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae). Zootaxa 5371 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5371.1.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5371.1.1/52271
3E380C57FFD74A6727ACB6EAFB36E44B.text	3E380C57FFD74A6727ACB6EAFB36E44B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scydmaenus (Kingius) formicarum Franz	<div><p>Scydmaenus (Kingius) formicarum Franz</p><p>Scydmaenus (Kingius) formicarum Franz, 1975: 277 .</p><p>(Figs 90–94, 196)</p><p>Type material studied. Holotype (AUSTRALIA: NEW SOUTH WALES): ♂ (Fig. 90), with labels illustrated in Fig. 196: “Gosford / N S Wales” [brownish, printed], “ Scydmaenus / ( Heterognathus) / formicarum m. / det. H.Franz ” [white, handwritten and printed], “Typus” [red, handwritten], “SAMA Database / No. 25-037121” [white, printed], “SAMA Digital Image / 2OCT 2013 ” [green, printed and handwritten] (SAMA).</p><p>Additional material studied: NEW SOUTH WALES: 3 exx., Olney State Forest, 23.02.1991, from nest in ground, leg. T. Gush (ANIC, cPJ); 2 exx., Casula (ANIC) .</p><p>Revised diagnosis. In male antennomere 10 as long as broad (Fig. 90); BL &lt;1.5 mm; aedeagus in dorsal view broadened in subapical region and only slightly narrower than at base.</p><p>Redescription. Body (Fig. 90) strongly convex, elongate and relatively stout, BL 1.48 mm; pigmentation uniformly light brown including appendages; cuticle moderately glossy, covered with vestiture of setae slightly lighter than body.</p><p>Head (Fig. 90) in dorsal view transverse and somewhat subhexagonal, broadest at eyes, HL 0.25 mm, HW 0.33 mm; vertex and frons confluent and weakly convex, posterior margin of vertex nearly straight; tempora about twice as long as length of eye in dorsal view; supraantennal tubercles indistinct; frons over antennal fossae broadly subtriangular and with rounded anterior margin. Eyes small, oval, not emarginate posteriorly and oblique in relation to long axis of head. Punctures on frons and vertex fine, inconspicuous; setae short, sparse, suberect, those on tempora distinctly denser and more erect than those on frons and vertex. Genae as sparsely setose as frons and vertex, except for dense setae on lateral regions. Anterior (exposed) region of head capsule demarcated from neck region by short abrupt impression around occipital constriction, anterior margin of gular plate on neck region lacking anteriorly-directed projection. Antennae (Fig. 90) moderately long and slender, AnL 0.78 mm; two terminal antennomeres forming moderately sharply delimited club; scape twice as long as broad, distinctly broadening distally; pedicel about 1.8 × as long as broad; antennomere 3 indistinctly elongate, 4–5 each about as long as broad, 6–8 each indistinctly transverse and each strongly broadening distally, 9 weakly elongate, also strongly broadening distally, 10 about as long as broad, 11 slightly shorter than 9 and 10 combined, about 1.7 × as long as broad, nearly symmetrical.</p><p>Pronotum in dorsal view (Fig. 90) weakly elongate, broadest slightly behind anterior third, PL 0.45 mm, PW 0.38 mm; anterior margin nearly straight; anterior corners weakly marked, obtuse-angled and blunt, lateral margins rounded; posterior corners obtuse-angled and blunt; posterior margin weakly arcuate; base with narrow and indistinct posterior marginal carina and with short and diffuse longitudinal median carina accentuated by diffuse and shallow impressions at both sides. Pronotal disc covered with fine but sharply marked, sparse punctures; setae slightly longer than those on head, moderately dense, suberect. Ventrally prothorax with nearly asetose and impunctate hypomera and basisternal region much longer than procoxal rests, sparsely covered with moderately long recumbent to suberect setae.</p><p>Elytra (Fig. 90) slightly rhomboidal, broadest near middle, EL 0.78 mm, EW 0.60 mm, EI 1.29. Humeral calli small but distinctly elevated; basal impression on each elytron short and transverse, shallow; apices separately rounded. Elytral punctures shallow but distinct and dense; setae distinctly longer and more erect than those on pronotum, moderately dense. Hind wings not studied.</p><p>Legs (Fig. 90) moderately long and slender; unmodified, except for barely discernibly broadened proximal region of protarsi bearing tenent setae on tarsomeres 1–3. Protarsomere 1 about twice as long as broad, 2–4 each about as long as broad, 5 about 3 × as long as broad; meso- and metatarsi of subequal length, both distinctly longer that protarsi, each with tarsomere 1 nearly 3 × as long as broad, tarsomeres 2–4 each weakly elongate, and tarsomere 5 about 3 × as long as broad.</p><p>Aedeagus (Figs 91–94) elongate and slender, AeL 0.50 mm, in dorsal view median lobe broadest near proximal 1/4, narrowing distally but again broadening in subapical fourth, apex broadly rounded and with barely discernible median emargination; flagellum broadened in proximal region to form three consecutive symmetrical chambers; median lobe with fine setae in apical dorsal region; ostium situated in distal half of median lobe, far from its apex.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. SE Australia: CE New South Wales (all studied specimens come from a vicinity of Sydney).</p><p>Remarks. Franz (1975) mentioned that S. formicarum differs from S. carinatus in an almost asetose dorsal side, a shorter median longitudinal carina on the pronotum, and more distinct punctures on the elytra. The holotype of S. formicarum has almost all elytral setae broken off, so it appears asetose, but the additional specimens studied have the elytral setae similar to those in S. carinatus . The median longitudinal antebasal pronotal carina is variable in length among the studied specimens and cannot be used to distinguish S. carinatus from S. formicarum . The elytral punctures in S. formicarum are similarly distinct as those in the ‘true S. carinatus ’, which was not seen by Franz, who redescribed S. carinatus based on non-type specimens preserved at BNHM, which, although tentatively identified as conspecific with the type specimens of S. carinatus, differ in finer elytral punctures (see Remarks for S. carinatus). Scydmaenus formicarum is similar to S. carinatus, but easy to distinguish by its smaller body, different proportions of antennomeres, and a different shape of the aedeagus (see Remarks for S. carinatus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3E380C57FFD74A6727ACB6EAFB36E44B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jałoszyński, Paweł	Jałoszyński, Paweł (2023): Scydmaenus Latreille of Australia: Revision of species in subgenera Choleropsis Franz, Kingius Franz, Mascarensia Franz, Parallomicrus Franz, Scottiscydmaenus Franz, and description of Ascydmaenus subgen. n. (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae). Zootaxa 5371 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5371.1.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5371.1.1/52271
3E380C57FFD14A6727ACB006FB17E040.text	3E380C57FFD14A6727ACB006FB17E040.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	(Mascarensia) Franz	<div><p>Subgenus Mascarensia Franz</p><p>Mascarensia Franz, 1973: 120 (as subgenus of Scydmaenus; not as new). Type species: Scydmaenus dendrophilus Franz, 1973 (monotypy). Note: Franz (1973) referred Mascarensia to his work in press (“Das Subgenus Mascarensia wird von mir in dem die Scydmaeniden umfassenden Band der Faune de Madagascar beschrieben. Typusart ist die gleichzeitig beschriebene Art Mascarensia reunionis m. Der Band der Faune de Madagascar befindet sich im Druck.”) and designated Scydmaenus reunionis as the type species, which was not available until the delayed publication of Franz (1986).</p><p>Diagnosis. The subgenus Mascarensia was defined as having in both sexes the hind femur strongly “eingeschnürten” (i.e., constricted) and bearing a deep and clearly delimited pit. Other characters included the head lacking any pits or grooves, a symmetrical antennal club lacking any peculiar features, the pronotum with two antebasal pits, elytra lacking distinct basal impressions and with weakly marked humeri, protarsi in males not broadened, metanepisterna fully separated from the metaventrite, and the apical region of the aedeagus demarcated by a constriction (Franz 1973).</p><p>Remarks. The above-mentioned features can be found in the sole Australian species, except that there are two pairs of indistinct antebasal pronotal pits instead of one pair.A brief discussion of character variability in Mascarensia was given by Jałoszyński (2022). The proximal flattening with a variously developed pit on the metafemur (Figs 101–102) are the only unique characters that distinguish Mascarensia from all remaining subgenera of Scydmaenus . The aedeagal structure (variable, but in all species with the distal region broadened and delimited by a weakly to strongly developed constriction) is similar to the condition found in the type species of Cholerus (Jałoszyński 2013), but relationships between these subgenera are unclear. The submentum of Mascarensia (Fig. 97) has a pair of conspicuously large, anteriorly projecting lamellate lobes that overlap with the mentum. This character can be another diagnostic feature for this subgenus. However, the structure of the submentum is unknown in the (still inadequately studied) type species of Mascarensia .</p><p>Composition and distribution. Mascarensia currently includes 11 species distributed in Asia (Bhutan, Indonesia: Sumatra, Japan: Honshȗ, Malaysia: Sabah, Nepal, Singapore, Sri Lanka); continental Australia; and islands of the Indian Ocean: Mauritius, Réunion, and Seychelles: Praslin. In Australia only one species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3E380C57FFD14A6727ACB006FB17E040	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jałoszyński, Paweł	Jałoszyński, Paweł (2023): Scydmaenus Latreille of Australia: Revision of species in subgenera Choleropsis Franz, Kingius Franz, Mascarensia Franz, Parallomicrus Franz, Scottiscydmaenus Franz, and description of Ascydmaenus subgen. n. (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae). Zootaxa 5371 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5371.1.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5371.1.1/52271
3E380C57FFD14A6927ACB435FA43E1B9.text	3E380C57FFD14A6927ACB435FA43E1B9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scydmaenus (Mascarensia) australiensis Franz	<div><p>Scydmaenus (Mascarensia) australiensis Franz</p><p>Scydmaenus (Mascarensia) australiensis Franz, 1975: 282 .</p><p>(Figs 95–108, 197)</p><p>Type material studied. Holotype (AUSTRALIA: NORTHERN TERRITORY): ♂ (Fig. 103), labels illustrated in Fig. 191: “ Port Darwin. / 92—2.” [brownish, with longitudinal red line at middle, printed], “4668” [brownish, printed], “ Holo- / type” [white circle with red margins, printed], “ Scydmaenus / ( Mascarensia) / australiensis m. / det. H.Franz ” [white, handwritten and printed], “Typus” [red, handwritten] (BNHM).</p><p>Additional material studied. QUEENSLAND: 2 ♂♂, Halensvale, 03.10.1988, Richard Bejsak, under bark (ANIC, cPJ) .</p><p>Revised diagnosis. Each elytral apex in male with small patch of long light setae surrounding small asetose impression (Fig. 100); metafemoral pit (Fig. 102) large and deep, with proximal margin diffuse; aedeagus (Figs 105–108) with distal broadened region indistinctly demarcated from narrow proximal portion, not capitate, weak constriction situated near middle of median lobe.</p><p>Redescription. Body of male (Figs 103–104) slightly flattened, elongate and slender, BL 1.30–1.35 mm; pigmentation uniformly light brown with umbra-reddish hue, appendages indistinctly lighter; cuticle moderately glossy, covered with vestiture of setae slightly lighter than body.</p><p>Head (Figs 95–96) in dorsal view transversely subrectangular, broadest at eyes, HL 0.23 mm, HW 0.25–0.28 mm; vertex and frons confluent and weakly convex, posterior margin of vertex weakly concave, evenly arcuate; tempora as long as about 1.5 × length of eye in dorsal view; supraantennal tubercles indistinct; frons over antennal fossae broadly subtriangular and with rounded anterior margin. Eyes small, nearly semicircular in shape, indistinctly emarginate posteriorly and oblique in relation to long axis of head. Punctures on frons and vertex fine, inconspicuous; setae short, sparse, suberect, those on tempora as sparse as those on head dorsum. Genae (Fig. 96) as sparsely setose as frons and vertex. Anterior (exposed) region of head capsule demarcated from neck region by broad abrupt impression around occipital constriction, anterior margin of gular plate on neck region accentuated by small rounded anteriorly-directed projection. Submentum (Fig. 97) with pair of large submental lobes, each elongate and tapering anteriorly, with truncate anterior margin, gap between lobes narrower than width of each lobe, so that only narrow median region of mentum is exposed between lobes; hypostomal ridges (Fig. 97) extend mesally and anteriorly to connect at middle behind submental lobe, their median transverse portion slightly diffuse. Antennae (Figs 98, 103–104) moderately long, slender, AnL 0.60–0.65 mm; three terminal antennomeres forming moderately sharply delimited club; scape slightly more than 3 times as long as broad, distinctly broadening distally; pedicel twice as long as broad; antennomeres 3–5 each 1.5–1.8 × as long as broad, 6 and 7 each indistinctly elongate and distinctly asymmetrical, 8 about as long as broad and distinctly asymmetrical, 9 indistinctly elongate, 10 about as long as broad, 11 1.6 × as long as broad, slightly shorter than 9–10 together, indistinctly asymmetrical, with blunt apex; proximal and middle antennomeres with sparse long suberect setae, antennomeres 9–11 each covered with short, dense and weakly suberect setae and with less numerous long erect setae.</p><p>Pronotum in dorsal view (Fig. 95) weakly elongate, broadest near anterior third, PL 0.40–0.43 mm, PW 0.33– 0.35 mm; anterior and lateral margins confluent and rounded; posterior corners obtuse-angled and blunt; posterior margin weakly arcuate; base with narrow and indistinct posterior marginal carina and with two pairs of indistinct, shallow and diffuse small antebasal pits. Pronotal disc covered with fine and inconspicuous punctures; setae similar to those on frons and vertex, short, moderately dense, suberect. Ventrally (Fig. 96) prothorax with nearly asetose and impunctate hypomera and basisternal region much longer than procoxal rests, sparsely covered with short recumbent setae, with short anterior ‘collar’ and distinct vestiges of notosternal sutures visible as notches on sides of anterior prothoracic margin; hypomeral ridges distinct and complete, demarcating narrow inner (adcoxal) region of each hypomeron, anteriorly running along procoxal rests and connecting at middle to form biarcuate anteprocoxal carina demarcating basisternal region posteriorly.</p><p>Elytra (Figs 100, 103–104) slightly rhomboidal, broadest slightly in front of middle, EL 0.68–0.70 mm, EW 0.45–0.50 mm, EI 1.40–1.50. Humeral calli present but weakly elevated; basal impression on each elytron barely marked; basal elytral foveae lacking; apices (Fig. 100) separately rounded, each slightly flattened and bearing conspicuous patch of dense long yellowish setae directed posteriorly and outwards, surrounding small impressed asetose area. Punctures fine and inconspicuous; setae (except those on apical portions) similar to those on pronotum. Hind wings fully developed.</p><p>Mesoventrite (Fig. 99) with broad, parallel-sided subrectangular mesoventral intermesocoxal process posteriorly touching short and equally broad anterior metaventral process, border between processes distinctly marked by transverse fissure. Metanepisterna (Fig. 99) narrow and completely demarcated from metaventrite. Metaventral intermetacoxal process (Fig. 99) broad and short, with distinctly concave posterior margin, so that its lateral portions form short subtriangular processes projecting posteriorly; distance between metacoxae subequal to half width of metaventrite at its posterior margin and wider than width of metacoxa. Metaventrite (Fig. 99) weakly convex, slightly flattened at middle, unmodified and evenly covered with sparse, short, nearly recumbent setae.</p><p>Legs (Figs 96, 99, 101–102) moderately long and slender; unmodified, except for flattened and impressed proximal portion of metafemur (Figs 101–102) which bears large and deep pit with diffuse proximal margin, where surface of femur is covered with scale-like microsculpture contrasting with smooth surrounding areas; protarsi nearly cylindrical, narrow, lacking tenent setae. Protarsomeres 1–4 each indistinctly elongate, 5 only twice as long as broad; meso- and metatarsi of equal length, both distinctly longer that protarsi, each with tarsomere 1 nearly twice as long as broad, tarsomeres 2–4 about 1.5 × as long as broad, and tarsomere 5 2.5 × as long as broad.</p><p>Aedeagus (Figs 105–108) elongate but not very slender, AeL 0.28 mm, in dorsal view median lobe broadest near distal 1/4, apical region suboval, delimited from narrow proximal region by shallow and broad constriction, apical margin broadly rounded; ostium situated in distal 1/4 of median lobe; flagellum with broad loops just proximal to ostium in resting position; median lobe lacking setae.</p><p>Female. Unknown</p><p>Distribution. Northern (N Northern Territory) and eastern (SE Queensland) Australia.</p><p>Remarks. The two known localities where S. australiensis have been collected are over 2,800 km apart in a straight line. The northern one is located within the western tropical zone, while the southeastern site is in the northernmost area of the temperate zone. The holotype from the Northern Territory (Fig. 103) is slightly stouter than males from Queensland (Fig. 104), but no differences in the aedeagi was found between all available specimens, and the apical elytral modification is also identical (although in the holotype some of the subapical setae are broken off). It is possible that this species occurs in the entire forested area along the eastern and northern coast, but it seems to be one of the rarest Australian species of Scydmaenus .</p><p>Subgenus Parallomicrus Franz</p><p>Parallomicrus Franz, 1998 (in Newton &amp; Franz, 1998): 153. New name for Allomicrus Franz, 1975.</p><p>Allomicrus Franz, 1971a: 101 (as subgenus of Scydmaenus; not as new; nomen nudum, no description). Note: Franz referred Allomicrus to a work published later (Franz 1975).</p><p>Allomicrus Franz, 1975: 284 (as subgenus of Scydmaenus). Preoccupied, not Gahan (1893) ( Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Type species: Scydmaenus rufus Müller &amp; Kunze, 1822 (des. orig.).</p><p>Diagnosis. Franz (1975) defined Parallomicrus (as Allomicrus) by the following characters: (1) lack of secondary sexual characters on the head and antennae; (2) the pronotum without antebasal pits; (3) elytra lacking basal impressions and humeral folds; (4) the metaventrite fused with metanepisterna, and (5) weakly broadened protarsi in males.</p><p>Remarks. All the above-mentioned characters are present in the type species of the subgenus and in two Australian species placed in Parallomicrus, except that Franz (1975) placed in Parallomicrus also S. inflatitibia, which has two pairs of distinct antebasal pronotal pits, and therefore does not match the Franz’s diagnosis of the subgenus. However, most of the diagnostic characters of Parallomicrus are reductions that can also be found in other subgenera. The only feature that is not a reduction (metanepisterna and metaventrite fused together) also occurs in other subgenera. Moreover, the type species differs from the two Australian species placed by Franz in Parallomicrus in the structure of the aedeagus. The status and diagnosis of Parallomicrus are here treated as unclear, and no attempt is made to redefine this subgenus. It is, however, necessary to redescribe the Australian species to facilitate identifications and to document their morphological structures, which will facilitate a future reclassification of Scydmaenus .</p><p>Composition, distribution and biology. Parallomicrus includes six species, but placement of most of them requires verification. The best studied is the Western Palaearctic type species of the subgenus, S. rufus Müller &amp; Kunze, 1822, whose larva, feeding behavior and prey preferences were described in Jałoszyński (2015) and Jałoszyński &amp; Olszanowski (2015). Species of Parallomicrus are distributed in Africa: Algeria, Tunisia; Asia: Lebanon, Turkey; Australia: continental Australia and Tasmania; Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bosnia &amp; Herzegovina, Czech Rep., Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Great Britain, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal (Azores), Romania, European Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine; Georgia; and Pacific islands: Fiji (Vanu Levu), and New Caledonia.</p><p>In Australia two species occur, S. inflatitibia Franz and S. myrmecobius Csiki. The latter has been collected in colonies of the ant Amblyopone australis Erichson.</p><p>Identification key to males of Australian Scydmaenus (Parallomicrus)</p><p>1 Pronotum with two pairs of antebasal pits; hind tibiae strongly modified, each with abrupt lateral elongate concavity on outer region and with subapical constriction demarcating short curved distal portion (Figs 118–119); antennomere 5 longer than 4 and 6; antennomere 11 less than twice as long as broad, with lateral outer margin bearing proximal angulate expansion (Fig. 120, right antenna); aedeagus with lateral subapical lobes broadly subtriangular, small (Fig. 121)..................................................................................................... Scydmaenus inflatitibia Franz</p><p>- Pronotum lacking antebasal pits; hind tibiae unmodified, slender (Fig. 113); antennomere 5 subequal to 4 and 6; antennomere 11 more than twice as long as broad, with lateral outer margin rounded (Fig. 112); aedeagus with lateral subapical lobes elongate subtrapezoidal, conspicuously long (Fig. 114)................................ Scydmaenus myrmecobius Csiki</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3E380C57FFD14A6927ACB435FA43E1B9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jałoszyński, Paweł	Jałoszyński, Paweł (2023): Scydmaenus Latreille of Australia: Revision of species in subgenera Choleropsis Franz, Kingius Franz, Mascarensia Franz, Parallomicrus Franz, Scottiscydmaenus Franz, and description of Ascydmaenus subgen. n. (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae). Zootaxa 5371 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5371.1.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5371.1.1/52271
3E380C57FFDE4A6D27ACB4BCFDA3E737.text	3E380C57FFDE4A6D27ACB4BCFDA3E737.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scydmaenus (Parallomicrus) myrmecobius Csiki	<div><p>Scydmaenus (Parallomicrus) myrmecobius Csiki</p><p>Scydmaenus (Allomicrus) myrmecobius Csiki, 1919: 73 . New name for Heterognathus myrmecophilus Lea, 1912: 60 .</p><p>Heterognathus myrmecophilus Lea, 1912: 60 . Preoccupied, not Scydmaenus myrmecophilus Aubé, 1861: 197 (secondary homonymy in Scydmaenus); now not congeneric but replaced before 1961 and replacement name in use. (Figs 113–117, 198)</p><p>Type material studied. LECTOTYPE (here designated) (AUSTRALIA: TASMANIA): ♂ (Fig. 113), with labels illustrated in Fig. 198: “Tasm.H Vic.” [white, handwritten], “ Heterognathus / myrmecophilus / Lea” [white, handwritten], “ Scydmaenus / myrmecobius Lea ” / det. H.Franz ” [white, handwritten and printed], “Typus” [red, handwritten], “SAMA Database / No. 25-037031” [white, printed], “SAMA Digital Image / 21. Aug 2013 ” [green, printed and handwritten] (SAMA). Paralectotypes: TASMANIA: 2 exx. mounted on one card, with additional card with an ant Amblyopone australis Erichson, “myrmecophilus / Lea TYPE / Marrawah ” [white, handwritten], “15065 / Heterognathus / myrmecophilus / Lea / Tas: H vic.” [white, handwritten, with red “TYPE” along right margin], “SAMA- 25 43058” [white, printed] (SAMA) ; VICTORIA: 1 ex. mounted on one card with Amblyopone australis, “ Victoria ” [white, printed], “18396 / Heterognathus / myrmecophilus / Lea / Victoria ” [white, handwritten, with red “TYPE” along right margin], “SAMA- 25 43057” [white, printed] (SAMA) .</p><p>Revised diagnosis. In male antennomeres 3–6 each strongly elongate, about twice as long as broad, antennomeres 9 and 10 each twice as long as broad, and antennomere 11 more than twice as long as broad, with rounded lateral margins (Fig. 112); metatibiae unmodified (Fig. 113); pronotum lacking antebasal pits; aedeagus in dorsal view (Figs 114, 116) with conspicuously narrow apex of median lobe, only as broad as 1/5 of widest (sub-basal) site of median lobe, flanked by strongly elongate, subtrapezoidal and weakly sclerotized lateral subapical lobes, each with small distal subtriangular projection directed dorsally, and with two small subapical groups of long setae, also directed dorsally.</p><p>Redescription. Body in male (Fig. 113) strongly convex, elongate and relatively slender, BL 1.88 mm; pigmentation uniformly light brown (including appendages); cuticle moderately glossy, covered with vestiture of setae slightly lighter than body.</p><p>Head (Figs 109–110) in dorsal view indistinctly transverse and somewhat subhexagonal, broadest at eyes, HL 0.30 mm, HW 0.33 mm; vertex and frons confluent and weakly convex, posterior margin of vertex evenly arcuate and anteriorly convex; tempora about 2.5 × as long as length of eye in dorsal view; supraantennal tubercles indistinct; frons over antennal fossae broadly subtriangular and with rounded anterior margin. Eyes small, weakly oval, not emarginate posteriorly and oblique in relation to long axis of head. Punctures on frons and vertex fine, inconspicuous; setae (including those on tempora) short, sparse, nearly recumbent. Genae (Fig. 110) as sparsely setose as frons and vertex. Anterior (exposed) region of head capsule demarcated from neck region by short abrupt impression around occipital constriction, anterior margin of gular plate on neck region with indistinct, narrow anteriorly-directed projection. Submentum (Fig. 110) without submental lobes; hypostomal ridges (Fig. 110) extend mesally and anteriorly, but not connected at middle behind anterior margin of submentum. Antennae (Figs 112–113) long and slender, AnL 1.18 mm; three terminal antennomeres forming indistinctly delimited club; scape 2.5 × as long as broad, distinctly broadening distally; pedicel 1.8 × as long as broad; antennomeres 3–6 each strongly elongate, about twice as long as broad, 7 and 8 each distinctly asymmetrical and about as long as broad, 9 twice as long as broad and nearly cylindrical, 10 twice as long as broad and distinctly broadening distally, 11 much shorter than 9 and 10 combined, about 2.2 × as long as broad, indistinctly asymmetrical.</p><p>Pronotum in dorsal view (Fig. 109) distinctly elongate, broadest between middle and anterior third, PL 0.50 mm, PW 0.40 mm; anterior margin arcuate and laterally confluent with rounded lateral margins, so that anterior corners are not marked; posterior corners obtuse-angled and blunt; posterior margin nearly straight at middle and bent anteriorly at sides; base with very narrow and indistinct posterior marginal carina, lacking pits. Pronotal disc covered with fine and shallow, unremarkable sparse punctures; setae similar to those on head, moderately dense and long, suberect. Ventrally (Fig. 110) prothorax with nearly asetose and impunctate hypomera and basisternal region only slightly longer than procoxal rests, sparsely covered with moderately long recumbent setae, with short but distinct and slightly impressed anterior ‘collar’, and with distinct vestiges of notosternal sutures visible as notches on sides of anterior prothoracic margin; hypomeral ridges distinct and complete, demarcating narrow inner (adcoxal) region of each hypomeron, anteriorly running along procoxal rests and connecting at middle to form biarcuate anteprocoxal carina demarcating basisternal region posteriorly.</p><p>Elytra (Figs 109, 113) slightly rhomboidal, broadest near middle, EL 1.08 mm, EW 0.73 mm, EI 1.48. Humeral calli small but distinctly elevated and each mesally demarcated by shallow and transverse basal elytral impression; basal elytral foveae lacking; apices separately rounded. Elytral punctures fine and inconspicuous; setae similar to those on pronotum, moderately dense. Hind wings fully developed.</p><p>Mesoventrite (partly visible in Fig. 111) with carinate subrectangular mesoventral intermesocoxal process posteriorly fused with elongate and posteriorly broadening anterior metaventral process, fusion site distinctly marked on surface by transverse ridge. Metanepisterna (Fig. 111) fused with metaventrite. Metaventral intermetacoxal process (Fig. 111) broad and short, with strongly concave posterior margin, its lateral portions form short subtriangular processes weakly projecting posteriorly; distance between metacoxae subequal to 1/3 width of metaventrite at its posterior margin (excluding metanepisterna) and slightly wider than one metacoxa. Metaventrite (Fig. 111) weakly convex, unmodified and covered with sparse, short, slightly suberect setae, slightly denser on posteromedian area than those on sides.</p><p>Legs (Figs 110, 111, 113) long and slender; unmodified, except for slightly broadened proximal region of protarsi bearing tenent setae on tarsomeres 1–3. Protarsomere 1 nearly twice as long as broad, 2–4 each indistinctly elongate, 5 about 3 × as long as broad; mesotarsi longer than protarsi, mesotarsomere 1 about 3 × as long as broad, tarsomeres 2–4 each weakly elongate, tarsomere 5 about 2.5 × as long as broad; metatarsi slightly longer than mesotarsi, metatarsomere 1 nearly 3 × as long as broad, tarsomeres 2–4 each nearly twice as long as broad, tarsomere 5 about 2.5 × as long as broad.</p><p>Aedeagus (Figs 114–117) elongate but not very slender, AeL 0.50 mm, in dorsal view median lobe (excluding lateral subapical lobes) broadest near base, narrowing distally, then broadening in subapical region, to become strongly tapered in apical area, with apical margin weakly arcuate and as narrow as only 1/5 of median lobe at broadest site; lateral subapical lobes conspicuously large, each subtrapezoidal and strongly elongate, with additional subtriangular projection near apex, directed dorsally; flagellum broadened in proximal region to form three consecutive symmetrical chambers; median lobe with two small groups of long setae in subapical dorsal region directed dorsally; ostium situated in distal third of median lobe, far from its apex.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Known only from NW (Marrawah) and NC (Latrobe) Tasmania, and from CS Victoria (Lal Lal) (localities after Lea (2012)).</p><p>Remarks. Franz (1975) stated that the type material preserved at SAMA was composed of three specimens mounted on one pin, and farther in the text he refers to a holotype. However, the type series found in SAMA is composed of four syntypes, and a lectotype is designated here. Franz remounted one syntype (i.e., he removed one specimen from the original Lea’s card) and now it is on a separate pin, with handwritten copies of the original labels.</p><p>Scydmaenus myrmecobius has a relatively unremarkable external morphology; although its elytra are stouter than those in other similar species (mostly placed by Franz (1975) in Scydmaenus s. str.), it is easy to confuse this species with other congeners. Examination of the uniquely shaped aedeagus is the only unambiguous way to confirm identification.</p><p>Lea (1912) mentioned five studied specimens, “probably all males”; and he described “The middle trochanters each have a small acute tooth, projecting inwards and slightly forwards, but owing to its position it is not easily seen.” Such a tooth was not found in the studied syntypes, and I do not know of any species of world Scydmaenus with modified mesotrochanters. It is possible that Lea meant the distoventral corner of middle trochanters, which is subtriangular and can possibly be described as forming a tooth. However, this feature is common in most species of Scydmaenus and is not sexually dimorphic.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3E380C57FFDE4A6D27ACB4BCFDA3E737	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jałoszyński, Paweł	Jałoszyński, Paweł (2023): Scydmaenus Latreille of Australia: Revision of species in subgenera Choleropsis Franz, Kingius Franz, Mascarensia Franz, Parallomicrus Franz, Scottiscydmaenus Franz, and description of Ascydmaenus subgen. n. (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae). Zootaxa 5371 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5371.1.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5371.1.1/52271
3E380C57FFDB4A7227ACB3DAFA43E7ED.text	3E380C57FFDB4A7227ACB3DAFA43E7ED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scydmaenus (Parallomicrus) inflatitibia Franz	<div><p>Scydmaenus (Parallomicrus) inflatitibia Franz</p><p>Scydmaenus (Allomicrus) inflatitibia Franz, 1975: 284 .</p><p>(Figs 118–124, 199)</p><p>Type material studied. Holotype (AUSTRALIA: NEW SOUTH WALES): ♂ (Fig. 120), with labels illustrated in Fig. 199: “ N.S.Wales, ‘ Botany Bay / 1901. 42” [white with pink line below middle, handwritten], “ Heterognathus / A.M.Lea det.” [white, handwritten and printed], “ Scydmaenus / ( Heterognathus) / inflatitibia / det. H.Franz m.” [white, handwritten and printed], “Typus” [red, handwritten], “Holo- / type” [white circle with red margin, printed] (BNHM) . Paratype: ♀, “ N.S.Wales, ‘ Botany Bay / 1901. 42” [white with pink line below middle, handwritten], “Para- / type” [white circle with yellow margin] {unlabelled by Franz but listed in original description; identity uncertain, see Remarks} (BNHM) .</p><p>Additional material studied. NEW SOUTH WALES: ♂, Acacia Plateau, J. Armstrong (ANIC).</p><p>Revised diagnosis. In male antennomeres 3–4 each about 1.5 × as long as broad, 5 twice as long as broad, 6 1.5 × as long as broad, antennomeres 9 and 10 each 1.4 × as long as broad, and antennomere 11 less than twice as long as broad, with triangularly expanded angulate outer lateral margin (Fig. 120, right antenna); metatibiae strongly modified (Figs 118–120), each medially broadened and with lateral (outer) elongate deep concavity surrounded by sharp margins and filled with setae, apical region constricted, narrowed and curved; pronotum with two pairs of antebasal pits; aedeagus in dorsal view (Figs 121, 123) with broad apex of median lobe, slightly narrower than half of widest (subapical) site of median lobe, flanked by weakly elongate, subtriangular weakly sclerotized lateral subapical lobes; median lobe lacking setae.</p><p>Redescription. Body in male (Fig. 120) slightly flattened, elongate and relatively slender, BL 1.75–1.81 mm; pigmentation uniformly light brown (including appendages); cuticle moderately glossy, covered with vestiture of setae slightly lighter than body.</p><p>Head (Fi. 120) in dorsal view indistinctly transverse and somewhat subhexagonal, broadest at eyes, HL 0.30– 0.34 mm, HW 0.33–0.35 mm; vertex and frons confluent and weakly convex, posterior margin of vertex evenly arcuate and anteriorly convex; tempora about 2.5 × as long as length of eye in dorsal view; supraantennal tubercles indistinct; frons over antennal fossae broadly subtriangular and with rounded anterior margin. Eyes small, weakly oval, not emarginate posteriorly and oblique in relation to long axis of head. Punctures on frons and vertex fine, inconspicuous; setae (including those on tempora) short, sparse, nearly recumbent. Genae as sparsely setose as frons and vertex. Anterior (exposed) region of head capsule demarcated from neck region by short abrupt impression around occipital constriction, anterior margin of gular plate on neck region with indistinct, narrow anteriorly-directed projection. Antennae (Fig. 120) long and slender, AnL 1.00– 1.03 mm; three terminal antennomeres forming indistinctly delimited club; scape 2.5 × as long as broad, distinctly broadening distally; pedicel 1.8 × as long as broad; antennomeres 3–4 each about 1.5 × as long as broad, 5 twice as long as broad, 6 1.5 × as long as broad, 7 and 8 each distinctly asymmetrical and each about as long as broad, 9 1.4 × as long as broad and barrel-shaped, 10 1.4 × as long as broad and distinctly broadening distally, 11 much shorter than 9 and 10 combined, about 1.6 × as long as broad, distinctly asymmetrical, with broadly subtriangular, angulate expansion on proximal region of outer margin (visible in right antenna in Fig. 120).</p><p>Pronotum in dorsal view (Fig. 120) distinctly elongate, broadest between middle and anterior third, PL 0.50 mm, PW 0.40–0.41 mm; anterior margin arcuate and laterally confluent with rounded lateral margins, so that anterior corners are not marked; posterior corners obtuse-angled and blunt; posterior margin nearly straight at middle and bent anteriorly at sides; base with very narrow and indistinct posterior marginal carina, with two pairs of distinct, small and slightly transverse pits. Pronotal disc covered with fine, shallow and unremarkable sparse punctures; setae similar to those on head, moderately dense and long, suberect. Ventrally prothorax with nearly asetose and impunctate hypomera and basisternal region only slightly longer than procoxal rests, sparsely covered with moderately long recumbent setae.</p><p>Elytra (Figs 109, 113) oval, broadest slightly in front of middle, EL 0.95–0.98 mm, EW 0.65–0.68 mm, EI 1.41–1.50. Humeral calli small but distinctly elevated and each mesally demarcated by shallow and transverse basal elytral impression; basal elytral foveae lacking; apices separately rounded. Elytral punctures fine and inconspicuous; setae similar to those on pronotum, moderately dense. Hind wings fully developed.</p><p>Legs (Fig. 120) long and slender. Metatibia (Figs 118–120) strongly modified, medially broadened, with strongly elongate oval cavity on lateral (outer) surface demarcated by sharp edges and filled with setae, distal 1/4 rapidly narrowed, almost constricted and distinctly curved. Protarsi with tenent setae on tarsomeres 1–3, protarsomere 1 moderately strongly broadened, weakly elongate, 2–4 each almost as long as broad, 5 about 2.5 × as long as broad; mesotarsi longer than protarsi, mesotarsomere 1 about 3 × as long as broad, tarsomeres 2–4 each weakly elongate, tarsomere 5 about 2.5 × as long as broad; metatarsi slightly longer than mesotarsi, metatarsomere 1 about 3 × as long as broad, tarsomeres 2–4 each distinctly elongate, but decreasing in length distally, tarsomere 5 about 3 × as long as broad.</p><p>Aedeagus (Figs 121–122) elongate but not very slender, AeL 0.38 mm, in dorsal view median lobe (excluding lateral subapical lobes) broadest in distal 1/3, narrowing both distally and proximally, but basal region again broadened, apex slightly less than half as wide as total width of median lobe, apical margin indistinctly concave; lateral subapical lobes large, each subtriangular and slightly longer than wide, projecting laterally; flagellum broadened in proximal region to form asymmetrical coils; median lobe lacking setae; ostium situated in distal third of median lobe, far from its apex.</p><p>Female. Unknown (see Remarks).</p><p>Distribution. SE Australia: CE and NE New South Wales.</p><p>Remarks. The identity of the only known paratype female is uncertain. This specimen is remarkably smaller than the holotype male (BL 1.60 mm vs. 1.75), and it may belong to a different species.</p><p>Scydmaenus inflatitibia combines some characters typical of Parallomicrus (fused metanepisterna), Choleropsis (two pairs of antebasal pronotal pits), and Corbulifer (modified metatibia in males). It remarkably differs from S. myrmecobius, especially in aedeagal features. Although the aedeagus within the large genus Scydmaenus is poorly studied, its general structure is usually stable within subgenera. For instance, it was demonstrated that despite a wide spectrum of metatibial modifications in Corbulifer, the structure of the aedeagus is very similar in all species, i.e., all of them, independently of the shape of the median lobe, share long setae and asymmetrical proximal ‘chambers’ of the flagellum (Jałoszyński 2018). All species of Choleropsis treated in the present study also have asymmetrical proximal flagellar coils, whereas two known species of Kingius, four Australian species of Scottiscydmaenus, and two species of the newly described Ascydmaenus subgen. n. share not coils, but symmetrical expansions of the proximal flagellar region, which appear as three consecutive ‘chambers’ demarcated by constrictions. Scydmaenus (Mascarensia) australiensis has strongly asymmetrical, broad coils, and even though the previously studied Scydmaenus (Mascarensia) kasuganus Franz, 1976 has a clearly different shape of the median lobe, its proximal flagellar region is also strongly asymmetrical in the dorsal view (Jałoszyński 2022). Two species of Scydmaenus belonging in the subgenus Geoscydmaenus and inhabiting Madagascar have symmetrical proximal flagellar regions (Jałoszyński 2016b). These observations suggest that groups of closely related species have similar structures of the flagellum. However, in the Australian Parallomicrus, S. myrmecobius has symmetrical ‘chambers’, whereas in S. inflatitibia they form a loose spiral. Because external features (pronotal pits, male secondary sexual modifications) are also different in these two species, in future they may be placed in separate subgenera.</p><p>Subgenus Scottiscydmaenus Franz</p><p>Scottiscydmaenus Franz, 1975: 277 (as subgenus of Scydmaenus). Type species: Scydmaenus lodoiceae Scott, 1922 (des. orig.).</p><p>Diagnosis. Franz (1975) defined Scottiscydmaenus by the following characters: (1) antennae with slender trimerous clubs with elongate antennomeres 9 (Fig. 127); (2) the pronotum strongly convex, lacking antebasal pits and a longitudinal carina (Fig. 125); (3) elytra strongly convex, lacking humeral calli and humeral folds (Fig. 130); (4) metanepisterna not demarcated from the metaventrite (Fig. 128); (5) the profemur in males with two ventral carinae, anterior one distally with a broad and blunt projection (Fig. 129); and (6) protibia in males distally weakly broadened, laterally flattened. The latter character was here found rather problematic, as the protibiae in all studied species are almost unmodified (Fig. 129).</p><p>Remarks. The status of Scottiscydmaenus as a separate subgenus will require verification. The Australian species share similarly modified profemora in males (with a distal anterior/dorsal tooth (Fig. 129)—the anterior/dorsal terminology refers to the femur observed in the position as in Fig. 130); antennae with conspicuously slender proximal flagellomeres and also a slender, elongate antennomere 9, so that the club appears as dimerous (Fig. 127); barely broadened protarsi in males with only sparse, poorly visible tenent setae (Fig. 129); pronota lacking pits (Fig. 125); elytra with reduced humeral structures (humeral calli, humeral folds, and basal impressions) due to lack of wings (Fig. 125); lack of lateral submental lobes (Fig. 126); the basisternal region of the prosternum distinctly, but not much longer than procoxal rests (Fig. 126); a narrow, almost carinate mesoventral intermesocoxal process (Fig. 128); metaventral intermetacoxal process about as wide as one metacoxa (Fig. 128); and the aedeagus in dorsal view narrowing distally, in lateral view weakly curved, lacking lateral subapical lobes, with dorsodistal minute setae and symmetrical ‘chambers’ of the proximal flagellar region (e.g., Figs 136–139). However, it is unclear if this set of characters is sufficient to define a separate subgenus.</p><p>Composition, distribution and biology. Scottiscydmaenus includes six valid species names, but two of them were found to be synonymous during the present study, and one more new species is described. This subgenus is distributed in Madagascar, Seychelles (Praslin), and continental Australia. The Australian species are relatively variable in the body length and proportions of body parts; the most stable features are the shape of the head and the profemoral tooth in males. Scydmaenus clarkianus Franz, S. brachyponerophilus sp. n. and S. swanensis have been collected from colonies of the ant Brachyponera lutea (Mayr); S. optatus Sharp from colonies of B. lutea and Rythidoponera victoriae (André) . It is possible that the relatively large variation in body size and proportions of body parts found among the Australian Scottiscydmaenus is due to a partial or complete genetic isolation of local populations living in fragmented habitats.</p><p>Identification key to males of Australian species of Scydmaenus (Scottiscydmaenus)</p><p>1 Head (together with mouthparts) clearly elongate........................................................... 2</p><p>- Head about as long as broad............................................................................ 3</p><p>2 Profemoral tooth sharp-angled and elongate; BL&gt; 2 mm ..................... .. Scydmaenus brachyponerophilus sp. n.</p><p>- Profemoral tooth at most right-angled, broader than long or as long as broad; BL &lt;2 mm ... Scydmaenus clarkianus Franz</p><p>3 Length of temple in dorsal view equal to about 3 × length of eye; body slender; aedeagus in dorsal view with subapical broadening as wide as sub-basal broadening................................................. Scydmaenus optatus Sharp</p><p>- Length of temple in dorsal view equal to about 2 × length of eye; body robust; aedeagus in dorsal view with subapical broadening narrower than sub-basal narrowing............................................ Scydmaenus swanensis Franz</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3E380C57FFDB4A7227ACB3DAFA43E7ED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jałoszyński, Paweł	Jałoszyński, Paweł (2023): Scydmaenus Latreille of Australia: Revision of species in subgenera Choleropsis Franz, Kingius Franz, Mascarensia Franz, Parallomicrus Franz, Scottiscydmaenus Franz, and description of Ascydmaenus subgen. n. (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae). Zootaxa 5371 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5371.1.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5371.1.1/52271
3E380C57FFC44A7627ACB07DFB40E0DC.text	3E380C57FFC44A7627ACB07DFB40E0DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scydmaenus (Scottiscydmaenus) clarkianus Franz	<div><p>Scydmaenus (Scottiscydmaenus) clarkianus Franz</p><p>Scydmaenus (Scottiscydmaenus) clarkianus Franz, 1975: 278 .</p><p>(Figs 125–134, 155, 159, 200)</p><p>Type material studied. Holotype (AUSTRALIA: WESTERN AUSTRALIA): ♂ (Fig. 130), with labels illustrated in Fig. 200: “Perth / J. Clark ” [brownish, handwritten], “ Scydmaenus / ( Scottiscydmaenus) / clarkianus m. / det. H.Franz ” [white, handwritten and printed], “Typus” [red, handwritten], “SAMA Database / No. 25-037033” [white, printed], “SAMA Digital Image / 21. Aug 2013 ” [green, printed and handwritten] (SAMA).</p><p>Paratypes (39 exx.). WESTERN AUSTRALIA: 21 exx. mounted on 3 large cardboards, 7 on each, on one pin, with additional card with 4 ants (most likely Brachyponera lutea), “Swan R. / J. S. Clark” [white, printed], “ Scydmaenus / ( Scottiscydmaenus) / clarki {sic!} m. / PARATYPUS ” [yellow, handwritten and printed], “SAMA 25- 43072” [white, printed] (SAMA; another mounting card with 4 specimens originally on the same pin was pinned separately during the current study and labelled “Swan R. / J. S. Clark” [white, printed], “part of / SAMA 25- 43072” [white, printed]— 3 specimens on the left are Scydmaenus sp. [not S. clarkianus], one specimen on the right is Scydmaenus mirus Franz); 1 ♀, “Swan R. / W Australia / J. Clark” [white, handwritten], “ ♀ ” [white, printed], “ Scydmaenus / ( Scottiscydmaenus) / clarkianus m. / PARATYPUS ” [yellow, handwritten and printed], “SAMA 25- 43082” [white, printed] (SAMA); 1 ♀, with Brachyponera lutea, “Swan R. / W Australia / J. Clark” [white, printed], “ Scydmaenus / Pubesc much shorter / than in optatus / not-microps and has / 4jnt club” [brownish, handwritten], “ Scydmaenus / ( Scottiscydmaenus) / clarkianus m. / PARATYPUS ” [yellow, handwritten and printed], “SAMA 25- 43075” [white, printed] (SAMA); 1 ♀, with unidentified ants,, “Swan R. / W Australia / J. Clark” [white, printed], Scydmaenus / ( Scottiscydmaenus) / clarkianus m. / PARATYPUS ” [yellow, handwritten and printed], “SAMA 25- 43080” [white, printed] (SAMA); 1 ♀, “Swan R. / W Australia / J. Clark” [white, handwritten], “ ♀ ” [white, printed], “ Scydmaenus / ( Scottiscydmaenus) / clarkianus m. / PARATYPUS ” [yellow, handwritten and printed], “SAMA 25- 43083” [white, printed] (SAMA); 1 ♀, with Brachyponera lutea, “Swan R. / W Australia / J. Clark” [white, handwritten], “ ♀ ” [white, printed], “ Scydmaenus / ( Scottiscydmaenus) / clarkianus m. / PARATYPUS ” [yellow, handwritten and printed], “SAMA 25- 43078” [white, printed] (SAMA); 6 exx. on 4 cards on one pin, with Brachyponera lutea, “Swan R. / J. S. Clark” [white, printed], “SAMA 25- 43079” [white, printed] (SAMA; another mounting card with 3 specimens originally on the same pin was pinned separately during the current study and labelled “Swan R. / J. S. Clark” [white, printed], “part of / SAMA 25-43079” [white, printed]—specimen on the left is Scydmaenus sp. [not S. clarkianus], specimen in middle and on the right are Scydmaenus mirus Franz); 1 ♀, “Swan R. / W Australia / J. Clark” [white, handwritten], “ ♀ ” [white, printed], “ Scydmaenus / ( Scottiscydmaenus) / clarkianus m. / PARATYPUS ” [yellow, handwritten and printed], “SAMA 25- 43076” [white, printed] (SAMA); 1 ex., with Brachyponera lutea, “Swan R. / W Australia / J. Clark” [white, handwritten], “ Scydmaenus / ( Scottiscydmaenus) / clarkianus m. / PARATYPUS ” [yellow, handwritten and printed], “SAMA 25- 43081” [white, printed] (SAMA); 1 ♀, with Brachyponera lutea, “Swan R. / W Australia / J. Clark” [white, handwritten], “ Scydmaenus / ( Scottiscydmaenus) / clarkianus m. / PARATYPUS ” [yellow, handwritten and printed], “SAMA 25- 43084” [white, printed] (SAMA); 3 exx. mounted on one card, “Perth / J. Clark” [brownish, handwritten], “ Scydmaenus / microps Lea / Id. by A.M. Lea” [brownish, handwritten], “ Scydmaenus / ( Scottiscydmaenus) / clarkianus m. / PARATYPUS” [yellow, handwritten and printed], “SAMA 25- 43070” [white, printed] (SAMA); 1 ♀, “Perth / W Australia / J. Clark” [white, handwritten], “ Scydmaenus / ( Scottiscydmaenus) / clarkianus m. / PARATYPUS ” [yellow, handwritten and printed], “SAMA 25- 43074” [white, printed] (SAMA).</p><p>Additional material studied. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: 1 ♂, originally mounted together on one card with specimens identified here as S. brachyponerophilus sp. n., during present study separately mounted and pinned on original short pin, with white printed copy of original locality label “Swan R. / W Australia / J. Clark”, and with one of two original labels “ Scydmaenus / optatus Sharp / Id. by A. M. Lea” [white, handwritten and printed], and “part of SAMA 25- 43099” [white, printed] (SAMA).</p><p>Specimens excluded from type series of S. clarkianus (13 exx.): 4 exx. mounted on one card and originally pinned as a part of SAMA 25-43072 (see above)— 3 specimens on the left are Scydmaenus sp. [not S. clarkianus], one specimen on the right is Scydmaenus mirus Franz) (SAMA); 3 exx. mounted on one card and originally pinned as a part of SAMA 25-43079 (see above)—specimen on the left is Scydmaenus sp. [not S. clarkianus], specimen in middle and on the right are Scydmaenus mirus Franz); 3 exx. mounted on one card, SAMA 25-43085 (from Swan River), all Scydmaenus mirus (SAMA); 1 ex. of Scydmaenus mirus, with unidentified ants, from Swan River, SAMA 25-43077 (SAMA); 1 ex. of Scydmaenus mirus, with unidentified ants, from Perth, SAMA 25-43086 (SAMA); 1 ex. of Scydmaenus mirus, “with Euponera lutea ”, from Swan River, SAMA 25- 43071; 1 ♂ designated here as holotype of Scydmaenus brachyponerophilus, from Swan River, SAMA 25-43073 (SAMA).</p><p>Revised diagnosis (based on males). Head clearly elongate (Fig. 155); profemoral tooth at most right-angled, broader than long or as long as broad (Fig. 159); length of temple in dorsal view about 4 × as long as eye (Fig. 155); aedeagus in dorsal view (Fig. 131) almost gradually narrowing from sub-basal region to truncate and weakly concave apical margin.</p><p>Redescription. Body in male (Fig. 130) strongly convex, elongate and slender, BL 1.85–1.93 mm; pigmentation uniformly light to dark brown (including appendages); cuticle moderately glossy, covered with vestiture of setae slightly lighter than body.</p><p>Head (Figs 125–126, 155) in dorsal view elongate and rounded, broadest at eyes, HL 0.35–0.38 mm, HW 0.31– 0.34 mm; vertex and frons confluent and weakly convex, posterior margin of vertex arcuate and weakly anteriorly concave; tempora about 4 × as long as length of eye in dorsal view; supraantennal tubercles indistinct; frons over antennal fossae broadly subtriangular and with blunt, broadly subtriangular anterior margin. Eyes conspicuously small, almost circular, not emarginate posteriorly. Punctures on frons and vertex fine, inconspicuous; setae (including those on tempora) short, sparse, nearly recumbent. Genae (Fig. 126) as sparsely setose as frons and vertex. Anterior (exposed) region of head capsule demarcated from neck region by short abrupt impression around occipital constriction, anterior margin of gular plate on neck region with indistinct, narrow anteriorly-directed projection. Submentum (Fig. 126) without submental lobes; hypostomal ridges (Fig. 126) extend mesally and anteriorly to connect at middle behind anterior margin of submentum where they form distinct transverse carina. Antennae (Figs 127, 130) long and slender, AnL 1.03–1.05 mm; three terminal antennomeres forming club, but antennomere 9 is so slender that club appears as dimerous; scape 3 × as long as broad, distinctly broadening distally; pedicel slightly more than twice as long as broad; antennomeres 3 and 4 each twice as long as broad, 5 2.5 × as long as broad, 6–8 each about twice as long as broad, 9 2.5 × as long as broad, gradually broadening distally, 10 nearly twice as long as broad and distinctly broadening distally but again narrowing in short distal region, 11 much shorter than 9 and 10 combined, about 2.2 × as long as broad, nearly symmetrical.</p><p>Pronotum in dorsal view (Fig. 125) elongate, broadest near anterior third, PL 0.50–0.58 mm, PW 0.43–0.48 mm; anterior margin nearly straight; anterior corners weakly marked, obtuse-angled and blunt; sides strongly rounded in anterior half; posterior corners barely marked; posterior margin weakly arcuate; posterior marginal carina obliterated. Pronotal disc covered with fine and shallow, unremarkable sparse punctures; setae similar to those on head, moderately dense and long, suberect. Ventrally (Fig. 126) prothorax with nearly asetose and impunctate hypomera and basisternal region only slightly longer than procoxal rests, sparsely covered with moderately long recumbent setae, with short and relatively indistinct anterior ‘collar’, and with distinct vestiges of notosternal sutures visible as notches on sides of anterior prothoracic margin; hypomeral ridges distinct and complete, demarcating narrow inner (adcoxal) region of each hypomeron, anteriorly running along procoxal rests and connecting at middle to form biarcuate anteprocoxal carina demarcating basisternal region posteriorly.</p><p>Elytra (Figs 125, 130) slightly rhomboidal, broadest at or slightly behind of middle, EL 0.98–1.03 mm, EW 0.65–0.70 mm, EI 1.43–1.58. Humeral calli, basal impressions and basal foveae lacking; apices separately rounded. Elytral punctures fine and inconspicuous; setae similar to those on pronotum, moderately dense. Hind wings completely reduced.</p><p>Mesoventrite (Fig. 128) with carinate subrectangular mesoventral intermesocoxal process posteriorly fused with elongate and posteriorly broadening anterior metaventral process, fusion site indistinctly marked on surface by transverse ridge. Metanepisterna (Fig. 128) completely fused with metaventrite, but fusion site marked on surface as line along which sides of thorax are bent dorsally. Metaventral intermetacoxal process (Fig. 128) broad and short, with distinctly concave posterior margin, its lateral portions form short subtriangular processes weakly projecting posteriorly; distance between metacoxae subequal to 1/3 width of metaventrite at its posterior margin (excluding metanepisterna) and slightly wider than one metacoxa. Metaventrite (Fig. 128) weakly convex, slightly flattened at middle, unmodified and covered with sparse, short, slightly suberect setae.</p><p>Legs (Figs 126, 128–130, 159) long and slender; profemur with short, broad and relatively blunt distal tooth (Fig. 159) slightly variable within studied specimens, but never elongate; protibia (Fig. 129) slightly broadened distally; protarsus with barely discernibly broadened proximal half and tarsomeres 1–3 covered ventrally with dense setae, of which only a few have spatulate adhesive tips. Protarsomere 1 nearly twice as long as broad, 2–4 each indistinctly elongate, 5 about 3 × as long as broad; mesotarsi longer than protarsi, mesotarsomere 1 about 3 × as long as broad, tarsomeres 2–4 each weakly elongate, tarsomere 5 about 2.5 × as long as broad; metatarsi slightly longer than mesotarsi, metatarsomere 1 3 × as long as broad, tarsomeres 2–4 each weakly elongate, tarsomere 5 about 3 × as long as broad.</p><p>Aedeagus (Figs 131–134) elongate and slender, AeL 0.58 mm, in dorsal view median lobe broadest near base, narrowing distally toward truncate apex, apical margin slightly concave, with lateral groups of minute setae; flagellum broadened in proximal region to form three consecutive symmetrical chambers; ostium situated in distal half of median lobe, far from its apex.</p><p>Female. Externally differs from male in profemora lacking teeth. BL 1.83–1.95 mm; HL 0.35–0.38 mm, HW 0.31–0.33 mm, AnL 0.95–1.03 mm; PL 0.50–0.55 mm, PW 0.41–0.48 mm; EL 0.98–1.05 mm, EW 0.70–0.75 mm, EI 1.37–1.45.</p><p>Distribution. Known only from SW Australia: SW Western Australia (vicinity of Perth).</p><p>Remarks. Scydmaenus clarkianus is distinct in the slender body, elytra strongly narrowing anteriorly, conspicuously small eyes, and a broad and short profemoral tooth. The long type series was found to be composed of four species; in addition to S. clarkianus it also contains specimens of Scydmaenus (Heteromicrus) mirus Franz, 1975 (in fact three times as many as the type series of S. mirus includes!), a new species of Scottiscydmaenus described below as S. brachyponerophilus, and specimens of an undetermined species of Scydmaenus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3E380C57FFC44A7627ACB07DFB40E0DC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jałoszyński, Paweł	Jałoszyński, Paweł (2023): Scydmaenus Latreille of Australia: Revision of species in subgenera Choleropsis Franz, Kingius Franz, Mascarensia Franz, Parallomicrus Franz, Scottiscydmaenus Franz, and description of Ascydmaenus subgen. n. (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae). Zootaxa 5371 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5371.1.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5371.1.1/52271
3E380C57FFC04A7B27ACB4B3FCE5E297.text	3E380C57FFC04A7B27ACB4B3FCE5E297.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scydmaenus (Scottiscydmaenus) optatus Sharp	<div><p>Scydmaenus (Scottiscydmaenus) optatus Sharp</p><p>Scydmaenus optatus Sharp, 1874: 515 .</p><p>Euconnus (s. str.) optatus (Sharp); Csiki, 1919: 50.</p><p>Scydmaenus (Scottiscydmaenus) optatus Sharp; Franz, 1975: 281.</p><p>Scydmaenus (Scottiscydmaenus) scotti Franz, 1975: 278 . Preoccupied, not Scydmaenus scotti Lhoste, 1936: 611 (primary homonymy).</p><p>Scydmaenus (Scottiscydmaenus) scottides Newton, 2017: 16 . New name for Scydmaenus scotti Franz, 1975: 278 . Syn. n.</p><p>(Figs 135–144, 156, 160, 201–202)</p><p>Type material studied. Lectotype (here designated) (AUSTRALIA: WESTERN AUSTRALIA): ♂ (Fig. 135), with labels illustrated in Fig. 201: “ Scydmaenus / optatus / ♂ Type D.S.” [white, with black frame, handwritten], “Sharp Coll. / 1905-313.” [brownish, printed], “Type / H.T.” [white circle with red margin, printed] (BNHM) . Paralectotype: ♀, “West / Australia ” [white oval, handwritten], “ Scydmaenus / optatus / ♀ Type D.S.” [white, with black frame, handwritten] (BNHM) .</p><p>Additional material studied. Holotype of S. scotti Franz (AUSTRALIA: WESTERN AUSTRALIA): ♂ (Fig. 140), with labels illustrated in Fig. 202: “ Scydmaenus optatus Sharp / A.M.Lea det.” [brownish, handwritten and printed], “♂” [white, printed], “ Holo-type ” [white circle with red margin, printed], “W / Austra / -lia” {blueish circle, handwritten}, “Typus” [red, handwritten], “ Scydmaenus / ( Scottiscydmaenus) / scotti m. / det. H.Franz ” [white, handwritten and printed] (BNHM); WESTERN AUSTRALIA: 1 ♀, Darlington, J. Clark (SAMA); 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Swan River, Lea (SAMA); 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Armadale, under stones, 09.06.1919, J. Clark (SAMA); 4 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, Kelmscott, under stones with Ectatomma metallicum {currently Rythidoponera victoriae (André)}, 05.07.1919, J. Clark (SAMA); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Swan River, each with Brachyponera lutea (Mayr), J. Clark (SAMA) .</p><p>Specimens misidentified by H. Franz as S. optatus: 10 exx. from Sydney, Swan River and illegible locality in Western Australia, Scydmaenus spp., specimens lacking any profemoral modifications, smaller than S. optatus and with more erect setation, also larger females that cannot be identified (SAMA); 1 ex. of Scydmaenus mirus from Bridgetown with Brachyponera lutea, labeled as “optatus Shp ? abraded” by Lea (SAMA).</p><p>Revised diagnosis (based on males). Head as long as broad (Fig. 156); profemoral tooth at most right-angled, broader than long or as long as broad (Fig. 160); length of temple in dorsal view about 3.5 × as long as eye; aedeagus in dorsal view (Fig. 136) distinctly broadened in subapical region, with truncate and indistinctly concave apical margin.</p><p>Redescription. Body in male (Figs 135, 140) flattened, elongate and slender, BL 1.75–2.29 mm; pigmentation uniformly light to dark brown (including appendages); cuticle moderately glossy, covered with vestiture of setae slightly lighter than body.</p><p>Head (Figs 135, 140, 156) in dorsal view as long as broad, rounded, broadest at eyes, HL 0.30–0.41 mm, HW 0.33–0.40 mm; vertex and frons confluent and weakly convex, posterior margin of vertex arcuate and weakly anteriorly concave; tempora about 3.5 × as long as length of eye in dorsal view; supraantennal tubercles indistinct; frons over antennal fossae broadly subtriangular and with blunt, broadly subtriangular anterior margin. Eyes small, almost circular, not emarginate posteriorly. Punctures on frons and vertex fine, inconspicuous; setae (including those on tempora) short, sparse, nearly recumbent. Genae as sparsely setose as frons and vertex. Anterior (exposed) region of head capsule demarcated from neck region by short abrupt impression around occipital constriction, anterior margin of gular plate on neck region with indistinct, narrow anteriorly-directed projection. Antennae (Figs 135, 140) long and slender, AnL 1.05–1.25 mm; three terminal antennomeres forming club, but antennomere 9 is so slender that club appears as dimerous; scape 3 × as long as broad, distinctly broadening distally; pedicel slightly more than twice as long as broad; antennomere 3 nearly 3 × as long as broad, 4 about 2.5 × as long as broad, 5 nearly 3 × as long as broad, 6 2.5 × as long as broad, 7 and 8 each about 1.5 × as long as broad, 9 slightly more than 2.5 × as long as broad, gradually but weakly broadening distally, 10 about 1.5 × as long as broad and distinctly broadening distally but again narrowing in short distal region, 11 much shorter than 9 and 10 combined, about 2.2 × as long as broad, nearly symmetrical.</p><p>Pronotum in dorsal view (Figs 135, 140) elongate, broadest near anterior third, PL 0.50–0.65 mm, PW 0.43– 0.53 mm; anterior margin nearly straight; anterior corners weakly marked, obtuse-angled and blunt; sides strongly rounded in anterior half; posterior corners barely marked; posterior margin weakly arcuate; posterior marginal carina obliterated. Pronotal disc covered with fine and shallow, unremarkable and sparse punctures; setae similar to those on head, moderately dense and long, suberect. Ventrally prothorax with nearly asetose and impunctate hypomera and basisternal region only slightly longer than procoxal rests, sparsely covered with moderately long recumbent setae.</p><p>Elytra (Figs 135, 140) evenly oval, broadest slightly in front of middle, EL 0.95–1.23 mm, EW 0.63–0.78 mm, EI 1.48–1.61. Humeral calli poorly marked, basal impressions and basal foveae lacking; apices separately rounded. Elytral punctures fine and inconspicuous; setae similar to those on pronotum, moderately dense. Hind wings completely reduced.</p><p>Legs (Figs 135, 140, 160) long and slender; profemur with short, broad and relatively blunt distal tooth (Fig. 160) slightly variable within studied specimens, but invariantly not elongate; protibia (Figs 135, 140) weakly broadened distally; protarsus with barely discernibly broadened proximal half and tarsomeres 1–3 covered ventrally with dense setae, of which only a few have spatulate adhesive tips. Protarsomere 1 1.5 × as long as broad, 2–4 each almost as long as broad, 5 about 3 × as long as broad; mesotarsi longer than protarsi, mesotarsomere 1 about 3.5 × as long as broad, tarsomeres 2–4 each about 1.5 × as long as broad, tarsomere 5 about 3 × as long as broad; metatarsi slightly longer than mesotarsi, metatarsomere 1 3 × as long as broad, tarsomeres 2–4 each nearly twice as long as broad, tarsomere 5 about 3 × as long as broad.</p><p>Aedeagus (Figs 136–139, 141–144) elongate and slender, AeL 0.48 mm, in dorsal view median lobe broadest near base, narrowing distally and then again broadening in subapical region toward truncate apex, apical margin indistinctly concave, with lateral groups of minute setae; flagellum broadened in proximal region to form three consecutive symmetrical chambers; ostium situated in distal third of median lobe, far from its apex.</p><p>Female. Externally differs from male in profemora lacking teeth. BL 1.85–2.05 mm; HL 0.35–0.40 mm, HW 0.35–0.38 mm, AnL 1.05–1.23 mm; PL 0.48–0.50 mm, PW 0.45–0.46 mm; EL 1.03–1.15 mm, EW 0.70–0.75 mm, EI 1.46–1.53.</p><p>Distribution. The type material comes from unspecified localities in Western Australia; all non-type specimens studied have been collected in SW Australia: SW Western Australia (Perth and vicinities).</p><p>Remarks. Franz described Scydmaenus scotti based on a specimen previously identified by Lea as S. optatus, but at the same time, he misidentified several specimens as S. optatus, including S. mirus Franz. Despite Franz’s (1975) diagnoses, descriptions and illustrations, the holotype of S. scotti (Fig. 140) does not differ from the male syntype of S. optatus (here designated as a lectotype; Fig. 135) in any important characters, except for being slightly larger and having a slightly more convex pronotum. The profemoral teeth and the aedeagi of these specimens appear to have the same shapes. As a relatively wide variation in size and proportions of body parts was found in all Australian species of Scydmaenus whenever a large number of specimens was available for study, this difference is treated as intraspecific. Consequently, Scydmaenus scottides Newton (= Scydmaenus scotti Franz) is treated here as a junior synonym of S. optatus (Sharp) .</p><p>Scydmaenus optatus and S. swanensis are the only Australian species of Scottiscydmaenus with round, and not elongate heads (Figs 156 and 157 vs. 155 and 158). Even though both species show some variation in the body length and proportions of body parts, and the profemoral teeth in males do not show any differences (Figs 160 and 161), they can be easily distinguished by a clearly different body form, in S. optatus slenderer than in S. swanensis . The aedeagi of these two species are also clearly different; in dorsal view, the median lobe in S. optatus (Fig. 136) has a broader distal half than that in S. swanensis (Fig. 146).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3E380C57FFC04A7B27ACB4B3FCE5E297	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jałoszyński, Paweł	Jałoszyński, Paweł (2023): Scydmaenus Latreille of Australia: Revision of species in subgenera Choleropsis Franz, Kingius Franz, Mascarensia Franz, Parallomicrus Franz, Scottiscydmaenus Franz, and description of Ascydmaenus subgen. n. (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae). Zootaxa 5371 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5371.1.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5371.1.1/52271
3E380C57FFCD4A7927ACB77AFC51E3B7.text	3E380C57FFCD4A7927ACB77AFC51E3B7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scydmaenus (Scottiscydmaenus) swanensis Franz	<div><p>Scydmaenus (Scottiscydmaenus) swanensis Franz</p><p>Scydmaenus (Scottiscydmaenus) swanensis Franz, 1975: 279 .</p><p>(Figs 145–149, 157, 161, 203)</p><p>Type material studied. Lectotype (here designated) (AUSTRALIA: WESTERN AUSTRALIA): ♁ (Fig. 145), with labels illustrated in Fig. 203: “Swan R. / J. S. Clark ” [white, printed], “with Euponera / lutea” [white, handwritten], “ Scydmaenus / ( Scottiscydmaenus) / swanensis m. / det. H.Franz ” [white, handwritten and printed], “ Typus ” [red, handwritten], “SAMA Database / No. 25-037024” [white, printed] (SAMA) . Paralectotypes (18 exx.): WESTERN AUSTRALIA: 1 ♁, 1 ♀ on separate cards but on one pin, with ants, probably Brachyponera lutea, “Swan R. / J.S. Clark ” [white, printed], “ Scydmaenus / ( Scottiscydmaenus) / swanensis m. / PARATYPUS ” [yellow, handwritten and printed], “SAMA 25- 43089” [white, printed] (SAMA) ; 1 ♀ (but identity not certain), with two large unidentified ants, “ Swan R. / W Australia / J. Clark ” [brownish, printed], “Inquiline” [pink, printed], “Lea has not / 5-11-18” [pink, printed and handwritten], “ Scydmaenus / (Scottoscydm. {sic!}) / swanensis m. / PARATYPUS” [yellow, handwritten and printed], “SAMA 25- 43091” [white, printed] (SAMA) ; 1 ♁, “Swan R. / W Austr. / J. S. Clark ” [white, handwritten], “with Eupo- / nera lutea” [white, handwritten], “ Scydmaenus / (Scottoscydm. {sic!}) / swanensis m. / PARATYPUS ” [yellow, handwritten and printed], “SAMA 25- 43092” [white, printed] (SAMA) ; 14 exx. mounted on two large cards (7 exx. on each), with 9 large unidentified ants of various sizes and shapes, “Swan R. / J. S. Clark ” [white, printed], “ Scydmaenus / (Scottoscydm. {sic!}) / swanensis m. / PARATYPUS” [yellow, handwritten and printed], “SAMA 25- 43090” [white, printed] (SAMA) .</p><p>Specimens excluded from type series of S. swanensis (2 exx.): ♁ of Scydmaenus clarkianus Franz, Swan River, SAMA 25-43087; ♁ of Scydmaenus clarkianus Franz, Swan River, SAMA 25-43088. These specimens do not bear typical Franz’s “ PARATYPUS ” labels, instead their identification labels read only “Scottioscydm. {sic!} swanensis” in Franz’s hand; also the plastic cards with aedeagi can be recognized as typical of Franz. Therefore, Franz studied these specimens at the time of preparing the description of S. swanensis and, if correctly identified, they would be a part of the type series.</p><p>Revised diagnosis (based on males). Head as long as broad, round (Fig. 157); profemoral tooth at most right-angled, broader than long or as long as broad (Fig. 161); length of temple in dorsal view about 2.5 × as long as eye; aedeagus in dorsal view (Fig. 146) narrowing from sub-basal region distally and then slightly broadening in subapical area, apical margin truncate.</p><p>Redescription. Body in male (Fig. 145) strongly convex, elongate and moderately slender, BL 2.13–2.15 mm; pigmentation uniformly light to dark brown (including appendages); cuticle moderately glossy, covered with vestiture of setae slightly lighter than body.</p><p>Head (Figs 145, 157) in dorsal view as long as broad and rounded, broadest at eyes, HL 0.35–0.38 mm, HW 0.40 mm; vertex and frons confluent and weakly convex, posterior margin of vertex arcuate and weakly anteriorly concave; tempora about 2.5 × as long as length of eye in dorsal view; supraantennal tubercles indistinct; frons over antennal fossae broadly subtriangular and with blunt, broadly subtriangular anterior margin. Eyes small, almost circular, not emarginate posteriorly. Punctures on frons and vertex fine, inconspicuous; setae (including those on tempora) short, sparse, nearly recumbent. Genae as sparsely setose as frons and vertex. Anterior (exposed) region of head capsule demarcated from neck region by short abrupt impression around occipital constriction, anterior margin of gular plate on neck region with indistinct, narrow anteriorly-directed projection. Antennae (Fig. 145) long and slender, AnL 1.03–1.05 mm; three terminal antennomeres forming club, but antennomere 9 is so slender that club appears as dimerous; scape 3 × as long as broad, distinctly broadening distally; pedicel about twice as long as broad; antennomere 3 slightly more than twice as long as broad, 4 about twice as long as broad, 5 nearly 3 × as long as broad, 6 slightly more than twice as long as broad, 7 and 8 each about 1.5 × as long as broad, 9 slightly more than twice as long as broad, gradually but weakly broadening distally, 10 about 1.5 × as long as broad and distinctly broadening distally but again narrowing in short distal region, 11 much shorter than 9 and 10 combined, about 2.2 × as long as broad, nearly symmetrical.</p><p>Pronotum in dorsal view (Fig. 145) elongate, broadest near anterior third, PL 0.63–0.68 mm, PW 0.50–0.55 mm; anterior margin nearly straight; anterior corners weakly marked, obtuse-angled and blunt; sides strongly rounded in anterior half; posterior corners barely marked; posterior margin weakly arcuate; posterior marginal carina obliterated. Pronotal disc covered with fine and shallow, unremarkable sparse punctures; setae similar to those on head, moderately dense and long, suberect. Ventrally prothorax with nearly asetose and impunctate hypomera and basisternal region only slightly longer than procoxal rests, sparsely covered with moderately long recumbent setae.</p><p>Elytra (Fig. 145) evenly oval, broadest at or slightly in front of middle, EL 1.13 mm, EW 0.83–0.88 mm, EI 1.29–1.36. Humeral calli, basal impressions and basal foveae lacking; apices separately rounded. Elytral punctures fine and inconspicuous; setae similar to those on pronotum, moderately dense. Hind wings completely reduced.</p><p>Legs (Fig. 145) long and slender; profemur with short, broad and relatively blunt distal tooth (Fig. 1161), slightly variable within studied specimens, but invariantly not elongate; protibia (Fig. 145) weakly broadened distally; protarsus with barely discernibly broadened proximal half and tarsomeres 1–3 covered ventrally with dense setae, of which only a few have spatulate adhesive tips. Protarsomere 1 1.5 × as long as broad, 2–4 each about as long as broad, 5 about 3 × as long as broad; mesotarsi longer than protarsi, mesotarsomere 1 about 3 × as long as broad, tarsomeres 2–4 each about 1.5 × as long as broad, tarsomere 5 about 3 × as long as broad; metatarsi slightly longer than mesotarsi, metatarsomere 1 2.5 × as long as broad, tarsomeres 2–4 each nearly twice as long as broad, tarsomere 5 about 3 × as long as broad.</p><p>Aedeagus (Figs 146–149) elongate and slender, AeL 0.60 mm, in dorsal view median lobe broadest near base, narrowing distally and then again weakly broadening in subapical region toward truncate apex, apical margin sinuate laterally and with shallow median notch, with lateral groups of minute setae; flagellum broadened in proximal region to form three consecutive symmetrical chambers; ostium situated in slightly more than distal third of median lobe, far from its apex.</p><p>Female. Externally differs from male in profemora lacking teeth. BL 2.08–2.23 mm; HL 0.35–0.38 mm, HW 0.38–0.40 mm, AnL 0.88 mm; PL 0.60–0.63 mm, PW 0.50–0.53 mm; EL 1.13–1.23 mm, EW 0.83–0.88 mm, EI 1.13–1.23.</p><p>Distribution. Known only from SW Australia: SW Western Australia (vicinity of Perth: Swan River).</p><p>Remarks. Franz (1975) in the original description only mentioned “many specimens” of this species that he studied, and despite only one being labeled with his typical red “Typus” card, it cannot be regarded as a holotype. The type series was, therefore, composed of syntypes, and designation of a lectotype is necessary to fix a name-bearing type.</p><p>Scydmaenus swanensis and S. optatus have the heads as long as broad, in contrast to those in S. clarkianus and S. brachyponerophilus sp. n., which are slightly elongate. In S. swanensis the head is particularly short, almost round, with eyes larger than those in S. optatus . While the profemoral teeth in males of these two species are similar (and slightly variable, so slightly different shapes than illustrated in Figs 160–161 can be found), the aedeagi clearly differ. In S. swanensis, the distal region of the median lobe in dorsal view (Fig. 146) is distinctly slenderer than that in S. optatus (Fig. 136), and the apical margin has a different shape.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3E380C57FFCD4A7927ACB77AFC51E3B7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jałoszyński, Paweł	Jałoszyński, Paweł (2023): Scydmaenus Latreille of Australia: Revision of species in subgenera Choleropsis Franz, Kingius Franz, Mascarensia Franz, Parallomicrus Franz, Scottiscydmaenus Franz, and description of Ascydmaenus subgen. n. (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae). Zootaxa 5371 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5371.1.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5371.1.1/52271
3E380C57FFCF4A7E27ACB447FACEE7A7.text	3E380C57FFCF4A7E27ACB447FACEE7A7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scydmaenus (Scottiscydmaenus) brachyponerophilus Jałoszyński 2023	<div><p>Scydmaenus (Scottiscydmaenus) brachyponerophilus sp. n.</p><p>(Figs 150–154, 158, 162, 204)</p><p>Type material studied. Holotype (AUSTRALIA: WESTERN AUSTRALIA): ♁ (Fig. 150), with labels illustrated in Fig. 204: “Swan R. / J. S. Clark ” [white, printed], “with Ponera / lutea” [red, handwritten], “ Scydmaenus / (Scottioscydmaenus {sic!}) / clarkianus m. / PARATYPUS” [yellow, handwritten and printed], “SAMA 25- 43073” [white, printed], “ SCYDMAENUS / ( SCOTTISCYDMAENUS) / brachyponerophilus m. / P. Jałoszyński, 2023 / HOLOTYPUS” [red, printed] (SAMA) . Paratypes (13 exx.). WESTERN AUSTRALIA: 13 ♁♁, “Swan R. / W Australia / J. Clark ” [white, printed], “ Scydmaenus / optatus Sharp / Id. by A. M. Lea ” [white, handwritten and printed], “SAMA 25- 43099” [white, printed], originally all on one pin but on 3 large mounting cards, remounted during present study and currently each on separate card, on 3 pins (5, 4 and 4 specimens on each), one pin (with 5 specimens) with original labels, two remaining pins with white printed copies of original labels, one of them also with large unidentified ant (SAMA) .</p><p>Diagnosis (based on males). Head clearly elongate (Fig. 158); profemoral tooth distinctly elongate and with sharp-angled apex (Fig. 162); length of temple in dorsal view slightly more than 3 × as long as eye; aedeagus in dorsal view (Fig. 151) almost gradually narrowing from sub-basal region to truncate and straight apical margin.</p><p>Description. Body in male (Fig. 150) strongly convex, elongate and slender, BL 2.05–2.33 mm; pigmentation uniformly light to dark brown (including appendages); cuticle moderately glossy, covered with vestiture of setae slightly lighter than body.</p><p>Head (Figs 150, 158) in dorsal view elongate, broadest at eyes, HL 0.38–0.43 mm, HW 0.35–0.40 mm; vertex and frons confluent and weakly convex, posterior margin of vertex arcuate and weakly anteriorly concave; tempora about 3 × as long as length of eye in dorsal view; supraantennal tubercles indistinct; frons over antennal fossae broadly subtriangular and with blunt, broadly subtriangular anterior margin. Eyes small, almost circular, not emarginate posteriorly. Punctures on frons and vertex fine, inconspicuous; setae (including those on tempora) short, sparse, nearly recumbent. Genae as sparsely setose as frons and vertex. Anterior (exposed) region of head capsule demarcated from neck region by short abrupt impression around occipital constriction, anterior margin of gular plate on neck region with indistinct, narrow anteriorly-directed projection. Antennae (Fig. 150) long and slender, AnL 1.05–1.15 mm; three terminal antennomeres forming club, but antennomere 9 is so slender that club appears as dimerous; scape 3 × as long as broad, distinctly broadening distally; pedicel slightly more than twice as long as broad; antennomere 3 nearly 2.5 × as long as broad, 4 about twice as long as broad, 5 about 2.5 × as long as broad, 6 slightly more than twice as long as broad, 7 and 8 each about 1.5 × as long as broad, 9 slightly more than twice as long as broad, gradually but weakly broadening distally, 10 about 1.5 × as long as broad and distinctly broadening distally but again narrowing in short distal region, 11 much shorter than 9 and 10 combined, about 2.2 × as long as broad, nearly symmetrical.</p><p>Pronotum in dorsal view (Fig. 150) elongate, broadest near anterior third, PL 0.60–0.73 mm, PW 0.50–0.60 mm; anterior margin nearly straight; anterior corners weakly marked, obtuse-angled and blunt; sides strongly rounded in anterior half; posterior corners barely marked; posterior margin weakly arcuate; posterior marginal carina obliterated. Pronotal disc covered with fine and shallow, unremarkable sparse punctures; setae similar to those on head, moderately dense and long, suberect. Ventrally prothorax with nearly asetose and impunctate hypomera and basisternal region only slightly longer than procoxal rests, sparsely covered with moderately long recumbent setae.</p><p>Elytra (Fig. 150) slightly oval and slightly more narrowing anteriorly than posteriorly, broadest near middle, EL 1.05–1.15 mm, EW 0.75–0.93 mm, EI 1.27–1.44. Humeral calli, basal impressions and basal foveae lacking; apices separately rounded. Elytral punctures fine and inconspicuous; setae similar to those on pronotum, moderately dense. Hind wings completely reduced.</p><p>Legs (Figs 150, 162) long and slender; profemur with elongate and acute distal tooth (Fig. 162), slightly variable within studied specimens, but in each of them elongate and with sharp-angled apex; protibia (Fig. 150) weakly broadened distally; protarsus with barely discernibly broadened proximal half and tarsomeres 1–3 covered ventrally with dense setae, of which only a few have spatulate adhesive tips. Protarsomere 1 1.5 × as long as broad, 2–4 each about as long as broad, 5 about 3 × as long as broad; mesotarsi longer than protarsi, mesotarsomere 1 about 3 × as long as broad, tarsomeres 2–4 each about 1.5 × as long as broad, tarsomere 5 about 3 × as long as broad; metatarsi slightly longer than mesotarsi, metatarsomere 1 2.5 × as long as broad, tarsomeres 2–4 each about twice as long as broad, tarsomere 5 about 3 × as long as broad.</p><p>Aedeagus (Figs 151–154) elongate and slender, AeL 0.53 mm, in dorsal view median lobe broadest near base, narrowing distally toward truncate apex, apical margin straight, with lateral groups of minute setae; flagellum broadened in proximal region to form three consecutive symmetrical chambers; ostium situated between half and distal third of median lobe, far from its apex.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Known only from SW Australia: SW Western Australia (vicinity of Perth: Swan River).</p><p>Etymology. The adjective brachyponerophilus refers to the association of this species with the ant Brachyponera lutea .</p><p>Remarks. Specimens of this new species were found within material misidentified as S. clarkianus and S. optatus . Scydmaenus brachyponerophilus and S. clarkianus have almost identical aedeagi; the only difference is the straight apical margin in dorsal view in S. brachyponerophilus vs. weakly concave in S. clarkianus . However, externally they differ in the body silhouette ( S. brachyponerophilus is less slender), body length ( S. brachyponerophilus is larger), and, first of all, in the shape of the profemoral tooth in males. Scydmaenus brachyponerophilus has the profemoral teeth clearly longer and more acute than any other Australian species of Scottiscydmaenus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3E380C57FFCF4A7E27ACB447FACEE7A7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jałoszyński, Paweł	Jałoszyński, Paweł (2023): Scydmaenus Latreille of Australia: Revision of species in subgenera Choleropsis Franz, Kingius Franz, Mascarensia Franz, Parallomicrus Franz, Scottiscydmaenus Franz, and description of Ascydmaenus subgen. n. (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae). Zootaxa 5371 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5371.1.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5371.1.1/52271
3E380C57FFC84A7C27ACB02AFA43E4E3.text	3E380C57FFC84A7C27ACB02AFA43E4E3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scydmaenus (Ascydmaenus) Jałoszyński 2023	<div><p>Subgenus Ascydmaenus subgen. n.</p><p>Type species: Scydmaenus subglabratus sp. n. (here designated).</p><p>Diagnosis. Scydmaenus with the following set of characters: (1) antenna with trimerous and weakly delimited club, unmodified in males (Fig. 171); (2) submentum with massive subrectangular lateral lobes projecting anteriorly and partly overlapping with mentum (Fig. 168); (3) pronotum lacking antebasal pits (Fig. 163); (4) elytra lacking basal foveae (Fig. 163); (5) basisternal region of prosternum subequal in length to procoxal rests (Fig. 164); (6) mesoventral intermesocoxal process narrowly carinate (Fig. 169); (7) metanepisterna completely fused with metaventrite (Fig. 169); (8) metaventral intermetacoxal process conspicuously narrow, only about as wide as 1/4 width of posterior metaventrite (excluding metanepisterna) and about half width of one metacoxa (Fig. 169); (9) aedeagus in dorsal view narrowing from sub-basal region, with minute setae on apical margin, with proximal region of flagellum symmetrically expanded to form vesicular structure indistinctly divided into three compartments (Fig. 176); and (10) males with each profemur bearing tooth-like projection on ventral distal region (Fig. 182).</p><p>Description. Body conspicuously stout and convex (Figs 171–173).</p><p>Head (Figs 163–165) small in relation to pronotum, subhexagonal to rounded; frons and vertex confluent, posterior margin of vertex nearly straight, anterior margin of frons between antennal insertions subtrapezoidal, weakly convex anteriorly; labrum (Fig. 166) with deep median rounded emargination; submentum (Fig. 168) with conspicuously large lateral lobes, each subrectangular and projecting anteriorly to near middle of mentum, so that only median 1/3 of mentum in its proximal half is visible between lobes; hypostomal ridges (Fig. 168) not connected at middle; gular plate (Fig. 164) lacking anteromedian projection; anterior exposed portion of head capsule demarcated from neck region by narrow impression; occipital constriction (Figs 163, 182) variable in width, from distinctly wider to slightly narrower than half width of head.</p><p>Antennae (Figs 171, 182) long and slender, with weakly delimited trimerous clubs; antennomeres 7 and 8 nearly symmetrical.</p><p>Pronotum (Fig. 163) massive, with anterior and lateral margins rounded together, so that anterior corners are not marked; posterior corners distinct, slightly projecting posteriorly; posterior margin straight or weakly arcuate. Pronotal base with short but distinct posterior marginal carina (Fig. 163), lacking pits and longitudinal carina.</p><p>Ventrally, prothorax (Fig. 164) with broad hypomera, somewhat indistinct hypomeral ridges connected in front of procoxal rests to form anteprocoxal carina; basisternal region of prosternum about as long as procoxal rests; notosternal sutures vestigial, marked as pair of short notches at ventral anterolateral regions of prothorax.</p><p>Elytra (Figs 163, 165, 171–173, 182) conspicuously stout, lacking basal foveae, and lacking or with barely discernible basal impressions; humeri angulate.</p><p>Mesoventrite (Fig. 169) with large concave procoxal rests on massive prepectus, rests separated at middle by low median longitudinal ridge posteriorly separated from mesoventral process; lateral regions of prepectus projecting laterally, forming rounded subtriangular convexities. Mesoventral intermesocoxal process narrowly carinate, posteriorly fused with anterior metaventral process, fusion site marked on surface by shallow transverse fissure.</p><p>Metaventrite (Fig. 169) with narrow and strongly elongate anterior metaventral process, behind mesocoxal projections with posteriorly converging short lateral carinae; laterally metaventrite completely fused with broad metanepisterna; metaventral intermetacoxal process as narrow as about 1/4 of width of posterior metaventrite (excluding metanepisterna) and only as wide as about half width of one metacoxa, posterior margin of metaventral process deeply emarginate.</p><p>Abdomen (Fig. 169) with six exposed sternites (III–VIII), sternite III distinctly longer than each of IV–VII but shorter than VIII, with narrow subtriangular anteromedian projection fitting into emargination of metaventral process; metacoxal rests with carinate posterior margins. Elytral locking device on abdominal tergite VIII (Fig. 170) with median longitudinal impression distinctly narrowing posteriorly and flanked by large microtrichial fields; pygidium (Fig. 170) subvertical, subtriangular with rounded posteroventral margin.</p><p>Legs (Figs 164–165, 169, 171–173, 182) robust, with generalized structures typical of Scydmaenus .</p><p>Sexual dimorphism. Males with distoventral tooth-like projection on each profemur; protibiae slightly to strongly thickened; protarsi with tarsomeres 1–3 slightly to distinctly broadened, with ventral tenent setae sparse, obscured by unmodified setae.</p><p>Aedeagus (Figs 174–181, 183–186) with median lobe in dorsal view narrowing from sub-basal region toward apex, with sinuate lateral margins, apex rounded and indistinctly notched at middle, with minute lateral setae; in lateral view median lobe bent, but with distal region not broadened; ostium situated in distal 1/3 of median lobe; proximal region of flagellum with symmetrical vesicular broadening indistinctly divided into three compartments.</p><p>Etymology. The name Ascydmaenus is a negation of Scydmaenus; gender masculine.</p><p>Distribution and composition. Two included nominal species are endemic to continental Australia: S. haigensis sp. n. and S. subglabratus sp. n. In addition, three species similar to S. subglabratus sp. n. were seen, each represented by a single female, all from Queensland (from Mt. Spec, Lamington Plateau, and the summit of Mt. Abbot; QM).</p><p>Remarks. Besides the characters listed in the diagnosis, adults of Ascydmaenus are characteristically stout and strongly convex, not resembling a ‘typical’ Scydmaenus (the most typical or most commonly found body form in this genus is that of the European S. tarsatus Müller &amp; Kunze, 1822, with slenderer and stouter variants). Only some species currently placed in Armatoscydmaenus and the Malagasy species of Trapezoscydmaenus are strikingly different from a ‘typical’ Scydmaenus, although they do not closely resemble Ascydmaenus in the body form. Armatoscydmaenus (which is a candidate for a junior synonym of Scydmaenus s. str.; Jałoszyński, unpublished obs.) has the antebasal pronotal pits, the metanepisterna fully demarcated from the metaventrite, and the metafemora of males modified, with a ventral tooth-like projections (none of these characters occurs in Ascydmaenus). Trapezoscydmaenus (both the northern African type species of the subgenus and the disjunctive group of Malagasy species) has a conspicuously short prosternum with the basisternal region shorter than procoxal rests, the pronotum with dense posterolateral patches of setae directed posteriorly, the elytral base deeply impressed at middle just behind the mesoscutellar shield, and metanepisterna fully separated from the metaventrite—none of these features can be found in Ascydmaenus . Interestingly, Ascydmaenus and the Malagasy species of Trapezoscydmaenus are the only subgenera with relatively narrowly separated metacoxae, because of the metaventral process being only as broad as about 1/4 width of the metaventrite (excluding metanepisterna). The mesoventral process is also similarly narrow in these subgenera. The submental lobes (present in Ascydmaenus and absent in Trapezoscydmaenus) and the metanepisterna (fused with the metaventrite in Ascydmaenus vs. demarcated in Trapezoscydmaenus) unambiguously differentiate these taxa.</p><p>The lateral submental lobes, that is, a pair of plates on the anterior margin of the submentum projecting anteriorly and partly overlapping with the mentum, so strongly developed in Ascydmaenus, among other subgenera of Scydmaenus can be found only in Mascarensia (Fig. 97). In at least some species of various subgenera, including e.g., Parallomicrus and Scottiscydmaenus, the anterolateral corners of the submentum are strongly projecting anteriorly and subtriangular, but they do not overlap so strongly with the mentum, and the latter structure is almost entirely exposed, not hidden under the lobes, as in Ascydmaenus and Mascarensia . Ascydmaenus clearly differs from Mascarensia in the metanepisterna fused with the metaventrite (separated in Mascarensia), the narrow metaventral intermetacoxal process (wide in Mascarensia), and in a narrowly carinate mesoventral intermesocoxal process (broad, subrectangular in Mascarensia).</p><p>Scottiscydmaenus, whose males also have profemoral teeth (either one large in the distal region, as in the Australian species, or a row of teeth on the entire length, as in the type species of the subgenus) share with Ascydmaenus the fused metanepisterna and lack of pronotal pits and elytral foveae. However, the profemoral teeth in Scottiscydmaenus and Ascydmaenus are not homologous. In Scottiscydmaenus, the teeth are developed on the anterior, or dorsal longitudinal carina that demarcates the ventral concavity where the tibia fits when it is fully flexed (Fig. 129). In Ascydmaenus, a similar elongate impression bordered by longitudinal ridges is developed on the ventral surface of the profemora (as in most species of Scydmaenus and many other beetles), but in males the profemoral tooth is developed not on the anterior (dorsal), but on the posterior (or ventral) ridge. The ventral/dorsal terminology refers here to the orientation of the fore leg as in Fig. 130 (where the profemoral tooth is dorsal) and in Fig. 182 (where the tooth is ventral). Moreover, in Scottiscydmaenus the mesoventral intermesocoxal process is subrectangular, not carinate, with distinctly flat and setose ventral surface (vs. narrowly carinate, keel-like in Ascydmaenus), and the metacoxae are broadly separated by the metaventral process about as wide as 1/3 of the posterior metaventrite and about as wide as or even wider than one metacoxa.</p><p>Identification key to species of Scydmaenus (Ascydmaenus)</p><p>1 BL &lt;2 mm; dorsum nearly asetose; elytral base much broader than pronotal base; in male profemoral tooth minute, broad and short...................................................................... Scydmaenus subglabratus sp. n.</p><p>- BL&gt; 2.4 mm; dorsum densely setose; elytral base indistinctly broader than pronotal base; in male profemoral tooth prominent, nearly as long as broad......................................................... Scydmaenus haigensis sp. n.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3E380C57FFC84A7C27ACB02AFA43E4E3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jałoszyński, Paweł	Jałoszyński, Paweł (2023): Scydmaenus Latreille of Australia: Revision of species in subgenera Choleropsis Franz, Kingius Franz, Mascarensia Franz, Parallomicrus Franz, Scottiscydmaenus Franz, and description of Ascydmaenus subgen. n. (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae). Zootaxa 5371 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5371.1.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5371.1.1/52271
3E380C57FFCA4A0027ACB16FFF2CE2F3.text	3E380C57FFCA4A0027ACB16FFF2CE2F3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scydmaenus subglabratus Jałoszyński 2023	<div><p>Scydmaenus subglabratus sp. n.</p><p>(Figs 163–181)</p><p>Type material studied. Holotype (AUSTRALIA: QUEENSLAND): ♁ (Figs 171–173), “ QUEENSLAND (SEQ) / Curtis Farm, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=153.07&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.03" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 153.07/lat -28.03)">Canungra</a> / 25 Feb 1979 / G.B.Monteith ” [white, printed], “Q.M. BERLESATE NO. 79 / 28.03S 153.07E / Rainforest / Stick brushings” [white, printed], “ SCYDMAENUS / ( ASCYDMAENUS) / subglabratus m. / P. Jałoszyński, 2023 / HOLOTYPUS ” [red, printed] (QM) . Paratypes (7 exx.). QUEENSLAND: 1 ♀, with the same number of QM Berlesate as for holotype, but lacking locality label (QM); 1 ♁, “AUST:QLD:ME: / Nob Creek, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.37&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.52" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.37/lat -22.52)">Byfield</a> / 27 Apr1979 / G. Monteith ” [white, printed], “QM Berlesate No. 72 / 22.52S 150.37E / Rainforest / Sieved litter” [white, printed] (cPJ); NEW SOUTH WALES: 4 ♀♀, “ 33.33S 151.18E NSW / Pearl Beach, 9 Apr. / 1977 #2413 P.Ward / ex nest Rhyditoponera / chalybaea in rotting / log,wet scler.forest” [white, printed] (ANIC, cPJ); 1 ♀, “Cherry Tree SF. NSW / 15 May 1977 # 2546 / P.Ward, ex nest of / Rhyditoponera cyrus / under stone in dry / rainforest” [white, printed] (ANIC). All paratypes with yellow printed “ PARATYPUS ” labels .</p><p>Diagnosis. Body small, below 2 mm in length; dorsum (Fig. 171) nearly glabrous, with very few sparse and short setae; head in dorsal view (Fig. 171) strongly narrowing posteriorly but occipital constriction broader than half width of head; pronotum (Fig. 171) strongly narrowing in posterior half; elytral base (Fig. 171) much wider than pronotal base; in male profemoral tooth minute, short and broad; aedeagus in dorsal view (Fig. 174) with lateral margins in subapical region broadly rounded.</p><p>Description. Body in male (Figs 171–173) strongly convex and stout, BL 1.84–1.93 mm; pigmentation uniformly light brown (including appendages); cuticle strongly glossy, covered with barely discernible vestiture of setae slightly lighter than body.</p><p>Head (Figs 163–168, 171–173) in dorsal view about as long as broad, somewhat subhexagonal, broadest at eyes, HL 0.34–0.35 mm, HW 0.35–0.36 mm; vertex and frons confluent and weakly convex, posterior margin of vertex nearly straight; tempora about 2.5 × as long as length of eye in dorsal view; supraantennal tubercles indistinct; frons over antennal fossae broadly subtrapezoidal and with nearly straight anterior margin. Eyes small, oval, strongly oblique in relation to long axis of head, not emarginate posteriorly. Punctures on frons and vertex fine, inconspicuous; setae extremely short and nearly recumbent, unevenly distributed, denser on median region of frons and above mesal upper margins of eyes. Genae (Fig. 164) nearly asetose. Anterior (exposed) region of head capsule demarcated from neck region by short abrupt impression around occipital constriction, anterior margin of gular plate on neck region lacking anteriorly-directed projection. Submentum (Figs 164, 168) with prominent submental lobes; hypostomal ridges (Fig. 164) somewhat diffuse. Antennae (Fig. 171) long and slender, AnL 1.33–1.35 mm; three terminal antennomeres forming indistinctly delimited club; scape slightly more than twice as long as broad, distinctly broadening distally; pedicel slightly more than twice as long as broad; antennomere 3 2.5 × as long as broad, 4 1.5 × as long as broad, 5 slightly more than twice as long as broad, 6 1.6 × as long as broad, 7 and 8 each about 1.5 × as long as broad, 9 nearly 2.5 × as long as broad, distinctly broadening distally, 10 1.4 × as long as broad, slightly broadening distally and narrowing in short distal region, 11 much shorter than 9 and 10 combined, about twice as long as broad and nearly symmetrical.</p><p>Pronotum in dorsal view (Figs 163, 165, 171–173) about as long as broad, broadest near anterior third, strongly convex anteriorly and flattened in posterior half, PL 0.58 mm, PW 0.59–0.60 mm; anterior and lateral margins together strongly rounded; posterior corners sharply marked, acute and slightly projecting posteriorly; posterior margin nearly straight; posterior marginal carina narrow and distinct. Pronotal disc virtually impunctate and asetose. Ventrally (Fig. 164) prothorax with asetose and impunctate hypomera; basisternal region about as long as procoxal rests, sparsely covered with short recumbent setae, with long and distinctly impressed anterior ‘collar’, and with distinct vestiges of notosternal sutures visible as notches on sides of anterior prothoracic margin; hypomeral ridges diffuse but complete, demarcating narrow inner (adcoxal) region of each hypomeron, anteriorly running along procoxal rests and connecting at middle to form indistinct (i.e., weakly elevated and not sharply marked) anteprocoxal carina demarcating basisternal region posteriorly.</p><p>Elytra (Figs 163, 165, 171–173) semioval, broadest near middle, EL 0.93–1.00 mm, EW 0.78–0.80 mm, EI 1.19–1.25. Humeri angulate and projecting anteriorly, but not elevated, basal impressions lacking; apices separately rounded. Elytra virtually impunctate; setae extremely sparse, short, suberect. Hind wings completely reduced.</p><p>Mesoventrite (Fig. 169) asetose, metaventrite (Fig. 169) unevenly covered with sparse, short and recumbent setae.</p><p>Legs (Figs 164–165, 169, 171–173) moderately long, robust; profemur with minute, inconspicuous distal tooth broader than long; protibia slightly broadened distally; protarsus with barely discernibly broadened proximal half and tarsomeres 1–3 covered ventrally with dense setae, of which only a few have spatulate adhesive tips. Protarsomere 1 indistinctly elongate, 2–4 each about as long as broad, 5 about 2.5 × as long as broad; mesotarsi longer than protarsi, mesotarsomere 1 about 2.5 × as long as broad, tarsomeres 2–4 each weakly elongate, tarsomere 5 about 2.5 × as long as broad; metatarsi indistinctly longer than mesotarsi, metatarsomere 1 2.5 × as long as broad, tarsomeres 2–4 each about 1.5 × as long as broad, tarsomere 5 about 2.5 × as long as broad.</p><p>Aedeagus showing small variability, illustrated specimens come from Curtis Farm (Figs 174–177) and Nob Creek (Figs 178–181); elongate and moderately slender, AeL 0.50 mm, in dorsal view median lobe broadest near base, narrowing distally but slightly broadening in subapical region, where lateral margins are broadly rounded; apex rounded and with distinct median notch, with barely discernible, extremely short lateral groups of distal setae; flagellum broadened in proximal region to form three poorly discernible consecutive symmetrical chambers; ostium situated in distal third of median lobe, far from its apex.</p><p>Female. Externally differs from male in profemora lacking distal teeth. BL 1.83–1.95 mm; HL 0.35–0.38 mm, HW 0.31–0.33 mm, AnL 0.95–1.03 mm; PL 0.50–0.55 mm, PW 0.41–0.48 mm; EL 0.98–1.05 mm, EW 0.70–0.75 mm, EI 1.37–1.45.</p><p>Etymology. The specific adjective subglabratus refers to the nearly asetose dorsum of this Scydmaenus .</p><p>Distribution. Known only from SE Australia: CE and SE Queensland and CE and NE New South Wales.</p><p>Remarks. The nearly glabrous dorsum, and the shapes of the head, pronotum and elytra are not unique for this species. Three females from Queensland were seen, each representing one undescribed species, which share these characters with S. subglabratus, but clearly differ in proportions of antennomeres (in all of them at least some antennomeres are much shorter than in S. subglabratus). For this reason, shapes and measurements of all body parts, as well as the aedeagus must be carefully examined to identify newly collected specimens with a similarly glabrous dorsum.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3E380C57FFCA4A0027ACB16FFF2CE2F3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jałoszyński, Paweł	Jałoszyński, Paweł (2023): Scydmaenus Latreille of Australia: Revision of species in subgenera Choleropsis Franz, Kingius Franz, Mascarensia Franz, Parallomicrus Franz, Scottiscydmaenus Franz, and description of Ascydmaenus subgen. n. (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae). Zootaxa 5371 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5371.1.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5371.1.1/52271
3E380C57FFB64A0627ACB69EFCF3E74E.text	3E380C57FFB64A0627ACB69EFCF3E74E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scydmaenus haigensis Jałoszyński 2023	<div><p>Scydmaenus haigensis sp. n.</p><p>(Figs 182–186)</p><p>Type material studied. Holotype (AUSTRALIA: QUEENSLAND): ♁ (Fig. 182), “ 17.06S 145.36E QLD / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.36&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.06" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.36/lat -17.06)">Mt.Haig</a> GS1 1150m / 4Feb.-17Mar.1995 / P. Zborowski FI Traps ” [white, printed], “ SCYDMAENUS / ( ASCYDMAENUS) / haigensis m. / P. Jałoszyński, 2023 / HOLOTYPUS ” [red, printed] (ANIC).</p><p>Diagnosis. Body large, over 2.4 mm in length; dorsum (Fig. 182) densely setose; head in dorsal view (Fig. 182) strongly narrowing posteriorly and occipital constriction clearly narrower than half width of head; pronotum (Fig. 182) weakly narrowing in posterior half; elytral base (Fig. 182) indistinctly wider than pronotal base; aedeagus in dorsal view (Fig. 183) with lateral margins in subapical region parallel-sided and straight.</p><p>Description. Body in male (Fig. 182) strongly convex and stout, BL 2.48 mm; pigmentation uniformly light brown (including appendages); cuticle moderately glossy, covered with vestiture of setae slightly lighter than body.</p><p>Head (Fig. 182) in dorsal view indistinctly transverse, strongly rounded, broadest at eyes, HL 0.43 mm, HW 0.48 mm; vertex and frons confluent and weakly convex, posterior margin of vertex nearly straight; tempora about 3 × as long as length of eye in dorsal view; supraantennal tubercles indistinct; frons over antennal fossae broadly subtrapezoidal and with nearly straight anterior margin. Eyes small, oval, strongly oblique in relation to long axis of head, not emarginate posteriorly. Punctures on frons and vertex fine, inconspicuous; setae short and nearly recumbent but dense. Genae similarly setose as dorsum. Anterior (exposed) region of head capsule demarcated from neck region by short abrupt impression around occipital constriction, anterior margin of gular plate on neck region lacking anteriorly-directed projection. Antennae (Fig. 182) long and conspicuously slender, AnL 1.58 mm; three terminal antennomeres forming indistinctly delimited club; scape slightly more than twice as long as broad, distinctly broadening distally; pedicel about twice as long as broad; antennomere 3 2.5 × as long as broad, 4 1.6 × as long as broad, 5 3 × as long as broad, 6 twice as long as broad, 7 and 8 each about 1.8 × as long as broad, 9 about 2.8 × as long as broad, distinctly broadening distally, 10 1.5 × as long as broad, distinctly broadening distally, 11 much shorter than 9 and 10 combined, about 3 × as long as broad and weakly asymmetrical.</p><p>Pronotum in dorsal view (Fig. 182) as long as broad, broadest near anterior third, strongly convex anteriorly and flattened in posterior half, PL 0.75 mm, PW 0.75 mm; anterior and lateral margins together strongly rounded; posterior corners weakly marked; posterior margin nearly straight; posterior marginal carina narrow and distinct. Pronotal disc with fine, inconspicuous punctures and densely setose, similarly as frons and vertex. Ventrally prothorax with asetose and impunctate hypomera.</p><p>Elytra (Fig. 182) semioval, broadest slightly behind middle, EL 1.30 mm, EW 0.98 mm, EI 1.33. Humeri angulate and projecting anteriorly, but not elevated, basal impressions vestigial; apices separately rounded. Elytra with fine, inconspicuous punctures and densely setose, similarly as pronotum. Hind wings completely reduced.</p><p>Metaventrite densely setose.</p><p>Legs (Fig. 182) moderately long, robust; profemur with massive, prominent distal tooth nearly as long as broad; protibia strongly thickened distally; protarsus with distinctly broadened proximal half and tarsomeres 1–3 covered ventrally with dense setae, of which only a few have spatulate adhesive tips. Protarsomeres 1–4 each indistinctly elongate, 5 about 2.5 × as long as broad; mesotarsi longer than protarsi, mesotarsomere 1 about 2 × as long as broad, tarsomeres 2–4 each about 1.5 × as long as broad, tarsomere 5 about 3 × as long as broad; metatarsi slightly longer than mesotarsi, metatarsomere 1 2.5 × as long as broad, tarsomeres 2–4 each about 2 × as long as broad, tarsomere 5 about 3 × as long as broad.</p><p>Aedeagus (Figs 183–186) elongate and moderately slender, AeL 0.60 mm, in dorsal view median lobe broadest near base, narrowing distally but indistinctly broadening in subapical region, where lateral margins are parallel and straight; apex rounded and with indistinct median notch, with barely discernible, extremely short lateral groups of distal setae; flagellum broadened in proximal region to form three poorly discernible consecutive symmetrical chambers; ostium situated in distal third of median lobe, far from its apex.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Known only from NE Australia: CN Queensland.</p><p>Etymology. The specific adjective haigensis is derived from the type locality, Mt. Haig.</p><p>Remarks. The densely setose dorsum, and the unique shapes of the head, pronotum and elytra allow for an easy and unambiguous identification of this remarkable species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3E380C57FFB64A0627ACB69EFCF3E74E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jałoszyński, Paweł	Jałoszyński, Paweł (2023): Scydmaenus Latreille of Australia: Revision of species in subgenera Choleropsis Franz, Kingius Franz, Mascarensia Franz, Parallomicrus Franz, Scottiscydmaenus Franz, and description of Ascydmaenus subgen. n. (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae). Zootaxa 5371 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5371.1.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5371.1.1/52271
3E380C57FFB04A0627ACB3DBFAB2E1E3.text	3E380C57FFB04A0627ACB3DBFAB2E1E3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euconnus (Tetramelus) armitagei (Jałoszyński 2023) Jałoszyński 2023	<div><p>Euconnus (Tetramelus) armitagei (King), comb. n.</p><p>Heterognathus armitagei King, 1864: 98 .</p><p>Scydmaenus (Cholerus) armitagei (King); Csiki, 1919: 72.</p><p>(Figs 187–188)</p><p>Type specimens studied as high-quality photographs. Presumable syntypes: 2 exx. (Fig. 187) mounted on one card, “K23213” [brownish, handwritten], “K 197769” {white, printed], “ PARATYPE ” [blue, printed] (AMS); 1 ex. (Fig. 188), with labels illustrated in Fig. 205: “K23212” [brownish, handwritten], “Het / armitagei” [brownish, handwritten], “K 197770” [white, printed], “ HOLOTYPE ” [red, printed] (AMS) .</p><p>Remarks. Already King (1864), who described this species, noted that in contrast to all remaining species that he placed in Heterognathus, this one has a tetramerous antennal club. He noted: “I place it however in this genus with some hesitation, as I have not yet obtained a specimen for dissection”. In addition, he described “ thorace fossula transversa basali ”, i.e., the pronotum with a transverse antebasal groove, which is a character not known in any Scydmaenus, but commonly found among Stenichnini. If the specimens preserved at AMS are indeed those studied by King, they can be unambiguously placed in Euconnus (Tetramelus) . If not, a placement in the subgenus is putative. However, the original description allows for excluding this species from Scydmaenus (and Scydmaenini).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3E380C57FFB04A0627ACB3DBFAB2E1E3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jałoszyński, Paweł	Jałoszyński, Paweł (2023): Scydmaenus Latreille of Australia: Revision of species in subgenera Choleropsis Franz, Kingius Franz, Mascarensia Franz, Parallomicrus Franz, Scottiscydmaenus Franz, and description of Ascydmaenus subgen. n. (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae). Zootaxa 5371 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5371.1.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5371.1.1/52271
3E380C57FFB34A0527ACB2FBFE51E1D7.text	3E380C57FFB34A0527ACB2FBFE51E1D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euconnus macleayii (Jałoszyński 2023) Jałoszyński 2023	<div><p>Euconnus (incertae sedis) macleayii (King)</p><p>Heterognathus Macleayii King, 1864: 99 .</p><p>Scydmaenus (Cholerus) macleayii (King); Csiki, 1919: 72.</p><p>Remarks. The holotype of this species, which is the only specimen mentioned by King (1864), was not found in the Australian Museum in Sydney (D. Smith, email to the author dated 15.04.2021), or in any other Australian institutional collection.</p><p>Heterognathus macleayii was placed by King (1864) in a genus which he characterized as having the terminal maxillary palpomere ‘globular’, in contrast to ‘conical’ in his ‘ Scydmaenus ’ (which was a misidentified stenichnine genus Euconnus). This suggests that all species of King’s Heterognathus belong in Scydmaenus, which has the terminal maxillary palpomere not elongate conical, as in Stenichnini, but dome-shaped. However, King placed in the same genus Heterognathus armitagei, which is clearly an Euconnus and has a conical maxillary palpomere 4. The description of H. macleayii is extremely short and includes only the following line: “ Piceus politus, thorace transverse fossulato; elytris castaneis humeris plicatis, plicatura longitudinali ad medium extensa ”. The phrase “ thorace transverse fossulato ” helps excluding this species from Scydmaenus . Among Australian (and world) species of Scydmaenus, the pronotum can bear a variable number of antebasal pits or can lack any pits. In nearly all species there is an extremely fine transverse ‘wrinkle’ or a marginal basal carina, but it is barely discernible under stereomicroscopes and it usually requires SEM to be visible. It is highly doubtful that King in 1864, long before stereomicroscopes became invented and made available for scientists (Simon-Stickley 2019), was able to notice this carina and even more doubtful that in this case he would describe the pronotum as “ transverse fossulato ”, which implies a transverse impression, a fossa or sulcus. For species of the true Scydmaenus bearing antebasal pronotal pits, King uses unambiguous phrases “ thorace 4-foveolato ” and “ 2-foveolato ” (for H. geniculatus and H. princeps, respectively; King (1864): 98). King clearly made a distinction between antebasal pits (thorace foveolato) and a transverse groove or impression (thorace transverse fossulato). The misplaced Heterognathus armitagei, which belongs in Euconnus and has a transverse antebasal pronotal groove, was described in a similar way as H. macleayii, with “ thorace fossula transversa basali ”. As no Australian (or any other) species of Scydmaenus has a transverse fossula on the pronotum, H. macleayii must belong in Stenichnini. The maxillary palpomeres in beetles measuring below 2 mm are difficult to examine, so errors in a tribal and generic placement in the 19th century are not unusual. The easier structure to examine, and used by King (1864) in his key to genera, is the distance between the metacoxae. He divides Australian Scydmaeninae genera into two groups: (1) those with “posterior legs contiguous”, and (2) those with “posterior legs distant”. This division is correct in the case of species placed both in the group 1 ( Phagonophana King, 1864, which includes species currently classified in Euconnus Thomson, 1859, Horaeomorphus L.W. Schaufuss, 1889, Sciacharis Broun, 1893, Scydmaenozila Jałoszyński, 2014b, and Syndicus Motschulsky, 1851; and Scydmaenilla King, 1864), and the group 2 ( Scydmaenus sensu King, which includes species currently placed in Euconnus; Megaladerus Stephens, 1835, which is a junior synonym of Cephennium Müller &amp; Kunze, 1822, but the only Australian species described by King is currently in Cephennomicrus Reitter, 1907; and Heterognathus which includes species currently placed in Scydmaenus and, as it was discovered during the present study, also in Euconnus). Currently known Australian Stenichnini with broadly separated metacoxae and the transverse antebasal pronotal groove can be found only in the extremely rare Kangarooconnus Jałoszyński (in Jałoszyński &amp; Newton 2017) (but this genus has a conspicuous median longitudinal pronotal carina that could hardly pass unnoticed by King), a rare Leascydmus Jałoszyński, 2014b (but this genus has a faint transverse pronotal groove, difficult to notice without a stereomicroscope, and it does not have the humeral folds, which in H. macleayii reach the middle of elytra: “ plicatura longitudinali ad medium extensa ”), and in the common and abundant Euconnus . Other than those, the broadly separated metacoxae can be found in Cephennodes Reitter, 1884, Cephennomicrus, and Paraneseuthia Franz, 1986d, the only genera of Cephenniitae known to occur in Australia, but their body shapes are so different from those in Scydmaenini and Stenichnini that King would not have placed any of them in Heterognathus (he knew Cephennomicrus, which he misplaced in Megaladerus). Unless H. macleayii belongs in a genus unknown to me, the above discussion leads to excluding this species from Scydmaenus, and tentatively placing it in Euconnus, as the most probable choice.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3E380C57FFB34A0527ACB2FBFE51E1D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jałoszyński, Paweł	Jałoszyński, Paweł (2023): Scydmaenus Latreille of Australia: Revision of species in subgenera Choleropsis Franz, Kingius Franz, Mascarensia Franz, Parallomicrus Franz, Scottiscydmaenus Franz, and description of Ascydmaenus subgen. n. (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae). Zootaxa 5371 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5371.1.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5371.1.1/52271
