taxonID	type	description	language	source
3E7387F30655F673A9A5FA80976A87E5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Curaçao: 5 ov. females, 12 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 3006 – 7, 3801 – 4, 3903), Caracas Baai, in the canals of Agelas cf. clathrodes. 1 ov. female, 3 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 12701, 13003), Eastpunt, in canals of A. cf. clathrodes. 3 ov. females, 3 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 703 – 4, 08 CU 1401, 08 CU 1701 – 2, 08 CU 1902), Piscadera Baai, in canals of A. cf. clathrodes. 1 ov. female, 2 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 8702), Piscadera Baai east, in the canals of A. cf. clathrodes. 8 ov. females, 11 nonov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 7601, 8202, 8205 – 6, 8215), Scary Steps, in the canals of A. cf. clathrodes. Largest ov. female, CL 4.6 mm, largest non-ov. individual, CL 3.8 mm. Color. Orange, with orange-tipped major chela, similar to specimens reported from other locations. Ovaries and embryos orange or green in ovigerous females.	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30655F673A9A5FA80976A87E5.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts and ecology. In Curaçao, as in all other known locations, S. agelas was a specialist inhabiting only sponges in the genus Agelas, in this case canals of Agelas cf. clathrodes. In Curaçao, S. agelas typically occurs in heterosexual pairs (sometimes with juveniles), often sharing an individual sponge with Synalpheus carpenteri Macdonald and Duffy and Synalpheus mcclendoni Coutière.	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30655F673A9A5FA80976A87E5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Florida Keys, USA (Morrison et al. 2004), Bahamas (Dardeau 1984), Gulf of Mexico (Pequegnat & Heard 1979; Dardeau 1984), Puerto Rico (Dardeau 1984), Cuba (Martínez Iglesias & García Raso 1999), Belize (Macdonald et al. 2006; Rios & Duffy 2007), Jamaica (Macdonald et al. 2009), and Curaçao (this study).	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30655F673A9A5FA80976A87E5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Unlike S. agelas collected in other locations, which typically have females with orange embryos and ovaries, most individuals collected in Curaçao had green embryos (sometimes verging on brownish or with an orange tint), and orange or green ovaries (see Plates 1 A – C).	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30656F673A9A5FED891B383DD.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Curaçao: 1 individual (VIMS 08 CU 3602), Caracas Baai, no host found. 2 ov. females, 7 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 11101, 11201 – 2), Caracas Baai, from the canals of Xestospongia proxima. 1 ov. female, 1 non-ov. individual (VIMS 08 CU 3701 – 2), Caracas Baai, from the canals of Xestospongia sp. “ soft ”. 1 ov. female, 3 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 2903, 08 CU 10501, 11502), Caracas Baai, from the canals of Xestospongia subtriangularis. 1 non-ov. individual (VIMS 08 CU 12102), Eastpunt, no host found. 1 non-ov. individual (VIMS 08 CU 12801), Eastpunt, from the canals of Xestospongia sp. “ soft ”. 1 non-ov. individual (VIMS 08 CU 9301), Piscadera Baai east, no host found. 7 ov. females, 6 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 9103, 9401, 9501 – 2, 9701, 10001 – 2), Piscadera Baai east, from the canals of Xestospongia subtriangularis. 1 ov. female, 1 non-ov. individual (VIMS 08 CU 8001 – 2), Scary Steps, from the canals of Xestospongia proxima. 1 ov. female, 1 non-ov. individual (VIMS 08 CU 4902 – 3), Westpunt, from the canals of Xestospongia proxima. Largest ov. female, CL 4.9 mm, largest non-ov. individual, CL 4.8 mm. Color. Body translucent, females with bright orange-yellow embryos and ovaries.	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30656F673A9A5FED891B383DD.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts and ecology. In Curaçao, S. belizensis was most often found in sponges in the genus Xestospongia, similar to other locations (Anker & Tóth 2008; Macdonald et al. 2009). Non-ovigerous S. belizensis individuals that could not be definitively assigned to a sponge host (i. e., no host found) were always found in pieces of rubble that contained Xestospongia spp.	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30656F673A9A5FED891B383DD.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Belize (Anker & Tóth 2008); Jamaica (Macdonald et al. 2009); Curaçao (this study).	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30656F673A9A5FED891B383DD.taxon	discussion	Remarks. S. belizensis individuals collected from Curaçao had particularly distinctive scaphocerite blades, extending from 50 % to 80 % the length of the scaphocerite lateral spine. This distinctive character easily distinguished S. belizensis from the closely related species Synalpheus bocas (which always lacks a blade) also found in our surveys in Curaçao.	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30656F673A9A5FA9092488078.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Curaçao: 1 ov. female, 2 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 7501 – 2, 7702), Scary Steps, from the canals of Xestospongia sp. “ soft ”. Largest ov. female, CL 4.1 mm, largest non-ov. individual, CL 4.2 mm. Color. The single ovigerous female collected had greenish-yellow embryos.	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30656F673A9A5FA9092488078.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts and ecology. In Curaçao, S. bocas was relatively rare in comparison to closely related species S. belizensis, despite frequent collection of the host sponge it was found in (Xestospongia sp. “ soft ”, 6 individual sponges collected) and other Xestospongia species (X. subtriangularis and X. proxima, 27 individual sponges collected).	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30656F673A9A5FA9092488078.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Caribbean Panama (Anker & Tóth 2008), Jamaica (Macdonald et al. 2009); Curaçao (this study).	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30656F673A9A5FA9092488078.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Synalpheus bocas from Curaçao closely resemble original descriptions of this species from Caribbean Panama (Anker & Tóth 2008). They can be easily distinguished from S. belizensis by the lack of a blade in S. bocas.	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30657F67DA9A5FF1D977B86C5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Curaçao: 9 ov. females, 15 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 4107 – 11, 4115 – 6, 10102, 10402, 11903), Caracas Baai, from the canals of Hyattella intestinalis. 1 individual (VIMS 08 CU 12302), Eastpunt, from the canals of Agelas cf. clathrodes. 4 ov. females, 5 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 12201 – 2), Eastpunt, from the canals of H. intestinalis. 2 ov. females, 2 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 701 – 2, 1901), Piscadera Baai, from the canals of A. cf. clathrodes. 1 ov. female, 1 non-ov. individual (VIMS 08 CU 402 – 3), Piscadera Baai, from the canals of an unidentified crumbly white sponge. 8 ov. females, 8 nonov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 301 – 2, 501 – 3, 601 – 2, 801 – 2, 1301 – 2, 1801 – 3), Piscadera Baai, from the canals of H. intestinalis. 3 individuals (VIMS 08 CU 1103, 1201), Piscadera Baai, no host found (in coral rubble with sponges). 17 ov. females, 11 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 103 – 4, 111 – 132), Piscadera Baai, from the canals of Aiolochroia crassa. 1 individual (VIMS 08 CU 8704), Piscadera Baai east, from the canals of A. cf. clathrodes. 23 ov. females, 44 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 8901, 9302, 9903), Piscadera Baai east, from the canals of H. intestinalis. 9 ov. females, 13 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 9806 – 11), Piscadera Baai east, from the canals of A. crassa. 3 ov. females, 2 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 9003, 9101 – 2, 10005), Piscadera Baai east, from the canals of Xestospongia subtriangularis. 3 ov. females, 4 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 8602), Scary Steps, from the canals of H. intestinalis. 1 ov. female, 1 non-ov. individual (VIMS 08 CU 8401 – 2), Scary Steps, no host recorded (in coral rubble with sponges). 12 ov. females, 15 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 8302 – 13), Scary Steps, from the canals of Xestospongia proxima. 1 individual (VIMS 08 CU 5002), Westpunt, in coral rubble, possibly associated with a webby white and purple sponge. 8 ov. females, 8 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 5605 – 7, 5611, 5801 – 2, 5807, 5901 – 2, 7001), Westpunt, from the canals of H. intestinalis. 1 individual (VIMS 08 CU 6802), Westpunt, no host recorded (in coral rubble with sponges). 4 individuals (VIMS 08 CU 6503), Westpunt, from the canals of A. crassa. 2 ov. females, 2 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 4802, 4804, 6701, 6703) and newly released swimming larvae (VIMS 08 CU 4803 and 08 CU 6702, released from 08 CU 4802 and 08 CU 6701, respectively), Westpunt, from the canals of X. proxima. 1 individual (VIMS 08 CU 6102), Westpunt, no definitive host recorded, possibly associated with a yellow-purplish webby sponge in coral rubble. Largest ov. female, CL 7.3 mm, largest non-ov. individual, CL 4.7 mm. Color. Synalpheus bousfieldi from different sponges differed in size (see Remarks) and embryo or body color. Ovigerous females from Aiolochroia crassa had embryos varying from a deep dark red to an orange or chestnut-brown, and some individuals had a somber purplish tinge (see plate 2 f). Several S. bousfieldi individuals from A. crassa (both ovigerous and non-ovigerous) had distinctive, black-tipped major chelae, specifically a ring of black pigment around the distal dactyl with the very tip of the dactyl lacking pigment (Plates 2 d – e). Individuals from Agelas cf. clathrodes, Hyattella intestinalis, and Xestospongia proxima were drab with orange-tipped chelae, with embryo and ovary color ranging from brownish-olive, to light chestnut, to orange-red (Plates 2 f, 3 a – b).	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30657F67DA9A5FF1D977B86C5.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts and ecology. In Curaçao, S. bousfieldi was the most commonly encountered Synalpheus species and occurred across a wide range of hosts, primarily Hyattella intestinalis but also Xestospongia proxima, Xestospongia subtriangularis, Agelas cf. clathrodes, and Aiolochroia crassa. In Belize, S. bousfieldi is primarily found in H. intestinalis (Macdonald et al. 2006).	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30657F67DA9A5FF1D977B86C5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Bahamas (Dardeau 1984); Cuba (Martínez Iglesias & García Raso 1999); Gulf of Mexico (Dardeau 1984); Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico (Chace 1972); Belize (Macdonald & Duffy 2006; Rios & Duffy 2007); possibly Brazil (Christofferson 1979); Curaçao (this study).	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30657F67DA9A5FF1D977B86C5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Despite variation in size, and in some cases color patterns, careful examination of morphological characters and genetic sequencing (KMH unpublished data) support classification of these specimens as Synalpheus bousfieldi. All specimens of S. bousfieldi possessed a combination of characters that clearly distinguish this species from others in the S. brooksi species complex, including an acute major chela projection (directed downwards towards the dactyl) with a small secondary projection, a minor chela with a thick tuft of setae on the moveable finger, scaphocerite and basicerite spines exceeding the second antennal segment, and a stout stylocerite (see Macdonald et al. 2009 for a table summarizing the characters differentiating members of the S. bousfieldi complex). However, specimens of S. bousfieldi from Agelas cf. clathrodes were smaller (mean CL 2.9 mm) than individuals from Hyattella intestinalis and X. proxima (pooled mean CL 4.1 mm), and individuals from Aiolochroia crassa — a sponge with large canals — were the largest (mean CL 4.9 mm). S. bousfieldi can be distinguished most readily from Synalpheus carpenteri cooccurring in A. cf. clathrodes by the length of the basicerite (clearly exceeding the second antennal segment in S. bousfieldi, rarely exceeding the first antennal segment in S. carpenteri). In the sponge A. crassa, S. bousfieldi can be distinguished from Synalpheus herricki by the stylocerite (long and thin in S. herricki, stout in S. bousfieldi) and the dactyl of the major chela (strongly hooked in S. herricki).	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30658F67DA9A5FDB890C882F6.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Curaçao: 25 ov. females, 46 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 3012 – 5, 3805 – 6, 3901 – 2), Caracas Baai, from the canals of the sponge Agelas cf. clathrodes. 2 ov. females, 6 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 13001), Eastpunt, from the canals of A. cf. clathrodes. 1 ov. female, 1 non-ov. individual (VIMS 08 CU 1601 – 2), Piscadera Baai, from the canals of A. cf. clathrodes. 4 ov. females, 3 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 8701), Piscadera Baai east, from the canals of A. cf. clathrodes. 23 ov. females, 22 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 8201, 7 – 14), Scary Steps, from the canals of A. cf. clathrodes. Largest ov. female, CL 3.8 mm, largest non-ov. individual, CL 3.2 mm. Color. Body color transparent to orange-tinged, ovigerous females with orange or reddish-orange ovaries and embryo color ranging from orange to dull pinkish red.	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30658F67DA9A5FDB890C882F6.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts and ecology. As in all other known locations, S. carpenteri in Curaçao is a host specialist on sponges in the genus Agelas (Agelas cf. clathrodes in Curaçao), which it often occupied along with Synalpheus agelas and less frequently with Synalpheus sanctithomae and Synalpheus mcclendoni. S. carpenteri occurred as a single pair in smaller sponges or in larger groups of approximately equal sex ratios in larger sponges.	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30658F67DA9A5FDB890C882F6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Bahamas (as S. bousfieldi in part, Dardeau 1984; see Macdonald & Duffy 2006); Caribbean Panama (Macdonald & Duffy 2006); Belize (Macdonald & Duffy 2006; Macdonald et al. 2006; Rios & Duffy 2007); Jamaica (Macdonald et al. 2009); Curaçao (this study).	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30658F67DA9A5FDB890C882F6.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Synalpheus carpenteri was one of the most widespread species in Curaçao (though not the most abundant), occurring in most locations where Agelas cf. clathrodes was usually collected. In life, S. carpenteri in Curaçao can be easily distinguished from other species occupying Agelas cf. clathrodes by the distinctive, brilliant orange coloring of the body and developing ovaries. S. carpenteri can also be distinguished from S. agelas (the most common co-inhabitant in A. cf. clathrodes) by the number of segments on the carpus of the second pereopod (4 in S. agelas, 5 in S. carpenteri).	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30658F67CA9A5F9CF9745868B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Curaçao: 1 non-ov. individual (VIMS 08 CU 4305), Piscadera Baai east (65 m depth), from the canals of Spongia sp., CL 4.2 mm. Color. Non-descript and drab.	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30658F67CA9A5F9CF9745868B.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts and ecology. The single individual of S. dardeaui collected in Curaçao inhabited a Spongia sp. collected at ~ 65 m depth that also hosted several individuals of Synalpheus idios.	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30658F67CA9A5F9CF9745868B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Belize (Macdonald et al. 2006; Rios & Duffy 2007), Caribbean Panama (Morrison et al. 2004, as “ pandionis giant ”), Curaçao (this study).	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30658F67CA9A5F9CF9745868B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. S. dardeaui is the largest species in the sponge-dwelling Synalpheus gambarelloides group (Rios & Duffy 2007) and as such tends to inhabit sponges with larger canals such as Spheciospongia vesparium and Lissodendoryx colombiensis Zea & van Soest (Macdonald et al. 2006, Rios & Duffy 2007). These sponge species were absent from our surveys in Curaçao, and S. dardeaui occurred only in Spongia sp. from deep water, which had some of the largest canal sizes of any of the sponges sampled in our survey. Previous surveys of Spheciospongia vesparium from Curaçao (Westinga & Hoetjes 1981) did not report Synalpheus longicarpus Herrick or Synalpheus pandionis Coutière, (the closest described morphological relatives of S. dardeaui; S. dardeaui was not described until 2007), suggesting that this species may not have been common in S. vesparium when it was abundant in shallower areas in Curaçao.	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30659F67CA9A5FE6D92308386.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Curaçao: 1 ov. female (VIMS 08 CU 5101), Westpunt, from the canals of Xestospongia proxima, CL 4.3 mm. Panama: 1 ov. female (VIMS 08 CU 9201 – 2), Isla San Cristobal (09 ° 18 ’ 02.04 ” N, 82 ° 16 ’ 28.74 ” W), from the canals of Calyx podatypa de Laubenfels. Color. Body drab and colorless, with pinkish-brown embryos.	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30659F67CA9A5FE6D92308386.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts and ecology. The single individual of Synalpheus goodei collected in Curaçao was found in the sponge Xestospongia proxima. S. goodei occurs in the related sponges Xestospongia wiedenmayeri and Calyx podatypa in Belize (Macdonald et al. 2006; Rios & Duffy 2007) and Panama (this study).	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30659F67CA9A5FE6D92308386.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Florida (Coutière 1909); Gulf of Mexico (Coutière 1909; Dardeau 1984); Cuba (Martínez Iglesias & García Raso 1999); Dominica, Tobago (Chace 1972); Belize (Macdonald et al. 2006; Rios & Duffy 2007), Curaçao (this study; Westinga & Hoetjes, 1981), Caribbean Panama (this study).	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30659F67CA9A5FE6D92308386.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The specimen found here was similar in morphology to described species of S. goodei elsewhere, but was exceedingly rare despite frequent sampling of the host sponge it was found in (Xestospongia proxima, 15 individual sponges from four different locations). Westinga and Hoetjes (1981) recorded S. goodei from the canals of Spheciospongia vesparium (which was never collected in our study, despite intensive searching), suggesting that this species may have been more common in Curaçao in the recent past.	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30659F67FA9A5FB6590EE868B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Curaçao: 32 ov. females, 42 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 3201 – 6, 4001 – 3, 10701 – 3, 10801 – 3), Caracas Baai, from the canals of Aiolochroia crassa. 4 ov. females, 5 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 101 – 2, 105 – 11), Piscadera Baai, from the canals of A. crassa. 6 ov. females, 5 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 8902 – 3), from the canals of Hyattella intestinalis, Piscadera Baai east. 7 ov. females, 6 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 9802 – 5), Piscadera Baai east, from the canals of A. crassa. 2 individuals (VIMS 08 CU 8603), Scary Steps, from the canals of H. intestinalis. 31 ov. females, 40 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 2601 – 10, 2701 – 9, 2802 – 7), St Michiel Baai, from the canals of A. crassa. 2 ov. females, 4 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 6501 – 2), Westpunt, from the canals of A. crassa. Largest ov. female, CL 7.6 mm, largest non-ov. individual, CL 7.0 mm. Color. Drab non-descript body, developing ovaries grey to olive-green, embryos either 1) olive green to pale grass green, or 2) dark red wine-colored.	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30659F67FA9A5FB6590EE868B.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts and ecology. S. herricki occurs in approximately equal sex ratios in the common sponges Aiolochroia crassa and less commonly in Hyattella intestinalis. Some individuals had bopyrid parasites in branchial regions (Plate 4 A).	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30659F67FA9A5FB6590EE868B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Florida (Coutière 1909); Gulf of Mexico (Coutière 1909; Dardeau 1984); Belize (Rios & Duffy 2007), Curaçao (this study).	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30659F67FA9A5FB6590EE868B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Female Synalpheus herricki collected in Curaçao occurred in two distinct color morphs: with olive- to grass-green embryos (Plate 3 E; as described from other localities), or with dark red wine-colored embryos (Plate 3 F). These two morphs sometimes (but not always) co-occurred in individual sponges, and males in these species were indistinguishable. Careful examination of females with two different colored embryos revealed no distinct morphological differences except that females with wine-colored embryos were slightly larger (mean CL 6.87 mm ± 0.16 SE) than females with green embryos (mean CL 6.03 mm ± 0.34 SE), and had slightly longer stylocerites (75 – 100 % of the length of the first antennal peduncle) than females with green embryos (50 – 75 % of length of peduncle). These data suggest larger, more mature individuals may be more likely to have wine-colored embryos and longer stylocerites.	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F3065AF678A9A5FE6D960E80B8.taxon	description	(Figs. 3 – 9, Pl. 4 B – D)	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F3065AF678A9A5FE6D960E80B8.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: Male, CL 4.80 mm (USNM 1128421, original VIMS 08 CU 4104), Caracas Baai, Curaçao (12 ° 04 ’ 11.64 ” N, 68 ° 51 ’ 43.59 ” W), from the canals of Hyattella intestinalis, 19. VI. 2008. Allotype: Ov. female, CL 4.50 mm (USNM 1128422, original VIMS 08 CU 4101), same data as holotype. Paratypes: 3 non-ov. individuals, CL 3.4 – 4.27 mm (USNM 1128423, 1128424, 1128425, original VIMS 08 CU 4103, 5, 12), 1 ov. female, CL 3.5 mm (USNM 1128426), original VIMS 08 CU 4106), same data as holotype. Additional material examined. Curaçao: 3 ov. females, 5 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 10101, 10401, 11901 – 2), Caracas Baai, from the canals of Hyattella intestinalis. 2 ov. females, 3 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 2901 – 2, 11501), Caracas Baai, from the canals of Xestospongia subtriangularis. 1 ov. female, 2 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 11203 – 4), Caracas Baai, from the canals of Xestospongia proxima. 2 ov. females, 2 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 303 – 3, 1804), Piscadera Baai, from the canals of H. intestinalis. 2 ov. females, 4 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 9702 – 4), Piscadera Baai, from the canals of X. subtriangularis. 6 ov. females, 9 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 8904, 9901 – 2), Piscadera Baai east, from the canals of H. intestinalis. 2 ov. females, 2 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 8601), Scary Steps, from the canals of H. intestinalis. 2 ov. females, 2 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 5601 – 4) and swimming larvae released from female 5603 (VIMS 08 CU 5612), Westpunt, from the canals of H. intestinalis. Largest ov. female in Curaçao, CL 6.2 mm, largest non-ov. individual, CL 5.3 mm. Barbados: 1 ov. female, 1 non-ov. individual (VIMS 08 BR 6701, 6708 – 1), Cement Factory (13 ° 17 ’ 21.84 ” N, 59 ° 39 ’ 27.72 ” W, 6 – 10 m depth), from the canals of H. intestinalis. 1 ov. female (VIMS 08 BR 9603), Thunder Bay (13 ° 13 ’ 11.16 ” N, 59 ° 38 ’ 29.58 ” W, 2 – 4 m depth), from the canals of Agelas cf. clathrodes.	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F3065AF678A9A5FE6D960E80B8.taxon	description	Description. Subcylindrical; carapace smooth, sparsely setose, posterior margin with distinct cardiac notch. Frontal margin (Figs. 3 A – B, 4 A): rostrum clearly narrower than ocular hoods, approximately as long as ocular hoods. Ocular hoods hoof-shaped to triangular, separated from rostrum by deep sinus. Stylocerite broadly slender, tip bluntly acute, length equal or subequal to distal margin of first segment of antennular peduncle. Basicerite without sharp spine-like tooth on dorsolateral corner, and with longer ventrolateral spine clearly overreaching 2 nd antennular peduncle. Scaphocerite acute lateral spine also clearly overreaching 2 nd antennular peduncle, typically similar in length as basicerite lateral spine (often slightly shorter or longer); blade variable, often absent on larger individuals and ovigerous females, occasionally present or vestigial on one side (<25 % length of acute lateral spine). Maxilliped 3 (Fig. 3 D) with distal circlet of spines on distal segment and without ventrodistal spine on antepenultimate segment. Major pereopod 1 (Figs. 3 C, 4 B – E) massive, fingers shorter than half-length of palm; in ventral view, outer face of fixed finger without pronounced protuberance. Palm of chela with distal superior margin produced into pronounced tubercle that bulges over downwardly directed acute spine on its ventral face. Merus, extensor margin convex, with distal angular projection. Minor pereopod 1 (Fig. 5 A – B) with palm about 2 times longer than high; fingers shorter than palm; dactyl with flexor margin straight, blade-like, with subdistal accessory tooth parallel to dactyl axis; transverse dorsal setal combs on extensor surface of dactyl conspicuous, with plumose setae. Fixed finger with flexor margin straight, bladelike, and with subdistal accessory protuberance. 2 nd pereopod (Fig. 5 C) with carpus 5 - segmented, slightly longer than merus. 3 rd pereopod (Fig. 6 A – B) stout; dactyl biunguiculate, with clearly unequal teeth; and flexor tooth wider at base than extensor tooth; propodus with 8 mobile spines on flexor margin and 1 pair on distal end; carpus with 1 mobile distal spine; merus without any spine on flexor margin. 4 th pereopod (Fig. 6 C – D) similar to 3 rd, but with 7 mobile spines on flexor margin. 5 th pereopod (Fig. 6 E – F) similar to 4 th, but without distal spine on carpus, and with 7 transverse combs of stout setae on ventral face of propodus. Pleura 1 of male (Fig. 7 B) with posterior corner produced ventrally and anteriorly, hook-like; 2 nd pleura of male with posterior corner broadly rounded; 3 rd to 5 th pleura with posterior margin forming blunt acute angle. Telson (Fig. 7 C), mesial pair of distal telson spines distinctly stouter than lateral pair, relative length of mesial vs. lateral distal telson spines ranges from subequal to strongly unequal (mesial spines longer than lateral). Uropods with 4 – 6 fixed teeth on outer margin of exopod anterior to moveable spine. Color. Live specimens range from drab to orange-tinged; ovigerous females have brilliant orange ovaries, embryo color ranges from reddish-brown to chestnut-colored.	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F3065AF678A9A5FE6D960E80B8.taxon	etymology	Etymology. We are honored to name this species after Dr. Paul Hoetjes, who was one of the first to examine cryptofaunal sponge communities in Curaçao (Westinga & Hoetjes 1981) and who provided invaluable assistance to us during this expedition.	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F3065AF678A9A5FE6D960E80B8.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts and ecology. Synalpheus hoetjesi was found most frequently in the sponge Hyattella intestinalis and (less frequently) in Xestospongia proxima and Xestospongia subtriangularis (see notes above). S. hoetjesi has also been recorded from the sponges Hyattella intestinalis and Agelas cf. clathrodes in Barbados (Table 2).	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F3065AF678A9A5FE6D960E80B8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Curaçao (this study), Barbados (this study).	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F3065AF678A9A5FE6D960E80B8.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is morphologically and phylogenetically most closely related to Synalpheus ul and Synalpheus yano, but is distinguishable from them by host use, size, and several morphological characteristics. S. hoetjesi can be distinguished from S. yano by the posterior corner of the male 2 nd pleura (which forms an obtuse angle in S. yano and is broadly rounded in S. hoetjesi) and by the relative thickness of the distal telson spines (medial spines clearly thicker and stouter than lateral spines in S. hoetjesi, but equal or subequal in thickness in S. yano). In Curaçao, where S. hoetjesi co-occurs with S. ul, S. hoetjesi was most often found in Hyattella intestinalis, and was very easy to differentiate from S. ul living in Hymeniacidon caerulea and Agelas cf. clathrodes. In the latter hosts, S. hoetjesi is easily distinguishable from S. ul by body size (S. hoetjesi mean CL 4.70 mm, S. ul mean CL 3.36 mm), scaphocerite blade (absent or vestigial in S. hoetjesi, present and ~ 20 – 75 % the length of the scaphocerite in S. ul), shape of the distal superior margin in the major chela (bulging over the accessory spine in S. hoetjesi, gently sloping in S. ul), and thickness of distal telson spines (mesial> lateral in S. hoetjesi, mesial ~ lateral in S. ul). Additionally, specimens identified as S. ul based on the COI gene tree were never found in H. intestinalis, and specimens identified as S. hoetjesi based on COI were never found in Hymeniacidon or Agelas, suggesting (along with aforementioned differences in morphology) that these species are clearly delineated in these hosts. However, although S. hoetjesi formed a distinct clade in the mitochondrial COI gene tree (Fig. 8), individuals of S. hoetjesi from hosts other than Hyattella intestinalis were more difficult to distinguish morphologically from Synalpheus ul (Fig. 9). In particular, sponges in the genus Xestospongia (Xestospongia sp. “ soft ”, X. proxima, and X. subtriangularis) hosted both S. ul and S. hoetjesi as identified using the COI gene tree (Fig. 8), but these individuals sometimes exhibited ambiguous characters (Fig. 9). S. hoetjesi from X. subtriangularis usually possessed the bulging major chela protuberance typical of S. hoetjesi from H. intestinalis, but often had distal telson spines that were nearly equal in thickness, which is otherwise typical of S. ul. Likewise, S. ul from X. subtriangularis and Xestospongia sp. “ soft ”, often had distal telson spines equal in thickness, but sometimes had major chela protuberances that approached the “ bulge ” characteristic of S. hoetjesi. Close phylogenetic relationships between S. hoetjesi and S. ul, along with convergence of morphological characters in sponge hosts in which these two species co-occurred, suggests these species may be hybridizing in these hosts, although additional genetic analyses with nuclear markers are necessary to confirm this hypothesis.	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30643F666A9A5FF1D91678457.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Curaçao: 5 ov. females, 11 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 10301, 10901 – 2), Caracas Baai, from the canals of Spongia sp. 21 ov. females, 27 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 901 – 16, 918 – 9), Piscadera Baai, from the canals of Spongia sp. 19 ov. females, 36 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 4306 – 11, 8801 – 4), Piscadera Baai east, from the canals of Spongia sp. Largest ov. female, CL 5.6 mm, largest non-ov. individual, CL 5.7 mm. Color. Non-descript, sometimes with a pale milky tinge, with developing embryos and ovaries deep scarlet to brick red.	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30643F666A9A5FF1D91678457.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts and ecology. In Curaçao, Synalpheus idios was found in groups of several individuals (with numerous ovigerous females present) in Spongia sp.	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30643F666A9A5FF1D91678457.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Belize (Macdonald et al. 2006; Rios & Duffy 2007), Curaçao (this study).	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30643F666A9A5FF1D91678457.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Synalpheus idios collected in Curaçao strongly resemble the type series described from Belize. In Curaçao, live specimens of S. idios can be easily distinguished by coloration of embryos in ovigerous females (dark brick to scarlet red) and host association (S. idios appears to be limited to Spongia sp. in this locality). S. idios can be distinguished from the related species S. bousfieldi in Curaçao by the shape of the distal projection on the major chela, which forms a blunt tubercle in S. idios and nearly always has a small secondary projection in S. bousfieldi.	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30643F66DA9A5FC2F978683A9.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: Ov. female, CL 2.09 mm (USNM 1128430, original VIMS 08 CU 9001) Piscadera Baai east (12 ° 07 ’ 15.96 ” N, 68 ° 58 ’ 11.64 ” W), in Xestospongia subtriangularis, 23. VI. 2008. Allotype: Male, CL 2.41 mm (USNM 1128429, original VIMS 08 CU 9002), same data as holotype. Additional material examined. 1 ov. female, CL 2.85 mm, missing major chela (VIMS 08 CU 6601), Westpunt, Curaçao, from the canals of Xestospongia proxima.	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30643F66DA9A5FC2F978683A9.taxon	description	Description. Body subcylindrical; carapace smooth, sparsely setose, posterior margin with distinct cardiac notch. Frontal margin (Fig. 10 A, B, 11 B): rostrum clearly narrower than ocular hoods, slightly longer than ocular hoods, and distally upturned. Ocular hoods triangular, separated from rostrum by deep adrostral sinus. Stylocerite tip acute, not sharp, equivalent in length (or slightly longer than) distal margin of first segment of antennular peduncle. Basicerite without sharp spine-like tooth on dorsolateral corner, and with longer ventrolateral spine not reaching beyond 2 nd antennal peduncle. Scaphocerite twice as long as basicerite, with large blade extending 50 % – 75 % the length of the acute lateral spine, latter robust and far overreaching 3 rd antennal peduncle. Maxilliped 3 (Fig. 12 D) with distal circlet of spines on distal segment and without ventrodistal spine on antepenultimate segment. Major pereopod 1 (Fig. 10 C – F) massive, fingers shorter than 1 / 3 length of palm, fixed finger reduced, noticeably shorter than moveable finger; in ventral view, outer face of fixed finger without pronounced basal protuberance. Moveable finger short, with flexor margin distinctly squared-off (approaching concave), giving finger a square appearance from lateral view. Palm of chela with distal superior margin produced into prominent, square tubercle with acute spine directed forward. Merus, extensor margin convex, with distal angular projection. Minor pereopod 1 (Fig. 12 A, C) with palm about 2 times longer than high, fingers shorter than palm, dactyl with flexor margin straight, blade-like, with slightly unequal bidentate tips, sparse dorsal setal combs on distal half of extensor surface of dactyl, setae plumose; fixed finger with flexor margin straight, bladelike, and subdistal accessory bump. Extensor margin of merus convex, ending in acute angle. 2 nd pereopod (Fig. 12 B) with carpus 5 - segmented, slightly longer than merus. 3 rd pereopod (Fig. 13 A, B) stout; dactyl biunguiculate, with clearly unequal teeth; and flexor tooth wider at base than extensor tooth; propodus with 7 mobile spines on flexor margin and 1 pair on distal end; carpus with 1 mobile distal spine; merus without any spine on flexor margin. 4 th pereopod (Fig. 13 C, D) with 6 single mobile spines on flexor margin and 2 pairs of spines on distal end. 5 th pereopod (Fig. 13 E, F) similar to fourth, but without distal spine on carpus, and with 5 rows of setal combs on ventral face of propodus. Pleura 1 of male (Fig. 11 D) with posterior corner produced ventrally and anteriorly, subtly hook-like; 2 nd pleura with posterior corner broadly rounded; 3 rd to 5 th pleura with posterior margin forming broadly rounded corner. Telson (Fig. 11 A), space between distal spines about 1 / 3 of distal margin. Uropods with single fixed tooth on outer margin of exopod anterior to moveable spine. Color. Drab body, females with turquoise embryos and ovaries.	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30643F66DA9A5FC2F978683A9.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named in honor of the country in which it was found. “ Kuadramanus ” is a word derived from the indigenous Papiamentu terms for square (kuadrá) and hand (man).	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30643F66DA9A5FC2F978683A9.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts and ecology. S. kuadramanus is found in the sponges Xestospongia subtriangularis and Xestospongia proxima in Curaçao.	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30643F66DA9A5FC2F978683A9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Curaçao (this study).	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30643F66DA9A5FC2F978683A9.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is morphologically most similar to S. sanctithomae and S. mcclendoni, but can be easily distinguished from these species by a number of characters. Like S. sanctithomae and S. mcclendoni, S. kuadramanus sp. nov. has a single uropod tooth, a scaphocerite twice the length of the basicerite, and a large scaphocerite blade. S. kuadramanus can easily be distinguished from these species by the distinctively squared-off distal tip of the moveable finger of the major chela after which it is named (versus a moveable finger with a bluntly pointed distal tip). S. kuadramanus can also be differentiated by the bright turquoise color of developing embryos in ovigerous females (versus yellowish-green or orange eggs in S. sanctithomae and S. mcclendoni). S. kuadramanus also shares some similarities to species in the S. paraneptunus species complex, notably the broadly rounded abdominal pleura of non-ovigerous individuals and relatively sparse setae on the minor chela. However, setae on the minor chela of S. kuadramanus are organized into transverse rows, as opposed to a scattered field of setae in species in the S. paraneptunus complex. Two individuals of S. kuadramanus were preserved with pieces of their host sponge in their mouths (Fig. 11 B).	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30648F66CA9A5FA8C97808675.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Curaçao: 2 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 3002 – 3), Caracas Baai, from the canals of Agelas cf. clathrodes. 2 ov. females, 2 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 12401, 13002), Eastpunt, from the canals of A. cf. clathrodes. 1 individual (VIMS 08 CU 12203), Eastpunt, from the canals of Hyattella intestinalis. 1 ov. female, 1 non-ov. individual (VIMS 08 CU 504 – 5), Piscadera Baai, from the canals of H. intestinalis. 1 ov. female, 2 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 9801), Piscadera Baai east, from the canals of Aiolochroia crassa. 1 individual (VIMS 08 CU 8203), Scary Steps, from the canals of A. cf. clathrodes. 1 individual (VIMS 08 CU 2801), St. Michiel Baai, from the canals of A. crassa. 1 ov. female (VIMS 08 CU 5608), 1 non-ov. individual (VIMS 08 CU 5609), Westpunt, from the canals of H. intestinalis. Largest ov. female, CL 3.1, largest non-ov. individual, CL 3.9 mm. Color. Individuals found in Curaçao typically had a brightly colored major chela, with distal red tips, a white crescent, and the rest of the chela proximal to the white crescent blue (Plate 5 B). This “ red white and blue ” color morph has also been described from specimens collected from Belize and Caribbean Panama (Rios & Duffy 2007). Ovigerous females tended to have more drab coloration on the major chela, and had yellowish-green embryos.	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30648F66CA9A5FA8C97808675.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts and ecology. In Curaçao, S. mcclendoni was typically found in equal sex ratios and occurred in low frequencies across three different sponge hosts (Agelas cf. clathrodes, Hyattella intestinalis, and Aiolochroia crassa).	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30648F66CA9A5FA8C97808675.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Florida (Coutière 1910); Bahamas (Dardeau 1984); Cuba (Martínez Iglesias & García Raso 1999); Yucatan peninsula of Mexico (Chace 1972); Caribbean Panamá (Duffy 1992), Belize (Rios & Duffy 2007), Jamaica (Macdonald et al. 2009); Curaçao (this study).	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30648F66CA9A5FA8C97808675.taxon	discussion	Remarks. S. mcclendoni can be distinguished from its morphologically closest relative (S. sanctithomae) on the basis of its curved major chela fingers (not curved in S. sanctithomae) and the broad fan of plumose setae on the distal margin of the telson (typically containing <6 setae in S. sanctithomae).	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30649F66BA9A5FE3096B986A3.taxon	description	(Figs. 14 – 17, Pls. 5 D – E)	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30649F66BA9A5FE3096B986A3.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: Male, CL 3.17 mm (USMN 1128427, original VIMS 08 CU 3102) Caracas Baai, Curaçao (12 ° 04 ’ 11.64 ” N, 68 ° 51 ’ 43.56 ” W), in an unidentified white web-like sponge embedded in Madracis sp. rubble, 19. VI. 2008. Allotype: Ov. female, CL 3.23 mm (USNM 1128428, original VIMS 08 CU 3101,), same data as holotype.	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30649F66BA9A5FE3096B986A3.taxon	description	Description. Body subcylindrical; carapace smooth, sparsely setose, posterior margin with distinct cardiac notch. Frontal margin shallow (Fig. 14 A-C): rostrum clearly narrower than ocular hoods, approximately same length as ocular hoods, distally upturned. Ocular hoods in dorsal view bluntly triangular, separated from rostrum by shallow adrostral sinus; in lateral view distally down turned. Stylocerite with acute tip, very short, length falling well short of distal end of first antennular peduncle. Basicerite without sharp spine-like tooth on dorsolateral corner, and with longer ventrolateral spine extending approximately to distal end of 2 nd peduncle. Scaphocerite blade absent, acute lateral spine robust, approximately equivalent in length to (or slightly longer) than lateral spine of basicerite. Maxilliped 3 (Fig. 14 E, 15 E) with distal segment terminating in cluster of plumose setae, lacking distal circlet of spines (present on all other described West Atlantic gambarelloides group species in the genus Synalpheus with the exception of Synalpheus barahonensis Armstrong); without ventrodistal spine on antepenultimate segment. Major pereopod 1 (Fig. 15 A-C) massive, fingers shorter than half length of palm; in ventral view, outer face of fixed finger without subtle obtuse protuberance. Palm of chela with distal superior margin produced into blunt forward-facing conical tubercle with subtle secondary projection. Merus, extensor margin convex, without distal angular projection. Minor pereopod 1 (Fig. 15 D) with palm about 2 times longer than high, fingers shorter than palm; dactyl with flexor margin straight, blade-like, with subdistal accessory protuberance parallel to dactyl axis; transverse dorsal setal combs on extensor surface of dactyl conspicuous. Fixed finger with flexor margin straight, bladelike, and with subdistal accessory bump. Extensor margin of merus convex. Second pereopod (Fig. 14 D) with carpus 5 - segmented, slightly longer than merus. Third pereopod (Fig. 16 A, B) dactyl biunguiculate, with clearly unequal teeth; flexor tooth wider at base than extensor tooth; propodus with 5 mobile spines on flexor margin and 1 pair on distal end; carpus with 1 mobile distal spine on flexor margin; merus without any spine on flexor margin. Fourth pereopod (Fig. 16 C, D) similar to third, but with 4 mobile spines on flexor margin. Fifth pereopod (Fig. 16 E, F) similar to fourth, but with 2 long rows of transverse setae on flexor margin. Pleura 1 of male (Fig. 17 B), ventral margin strongly concave, with posterior corner distinctly produced ventrally and anteriorly, strongly hook-like; anterior corner produced ventrally into a rounded acute corner. Second pleura of male with lower margin sloping posteriorly to a rounded acute posterior corner. Third to fifth pleura similar to second, with posterior margin of each forming a rounded acute corner. Telson (Fig. 17 D), dorsal spines stout, uropods with single fixed tooth on outer margin of exopod anterior to moveable spine (Fig. 17 C). Color. Live specimens are drab; ovigerous females have dull green embryos and ovaries.	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30649F66BA9A5FE3096B986A3.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species name is derived from the Latin terms “ hairy ” (pilosus) and “ mouth ” (ora) to denote the distinctive character – a third maxilliped with a distal tuft of setae instead of a distal circlet of spines — that distinguishes this species from all other known West Atlantic species of Synalpheus with the exception of S. barahonensis, (see Remarks).	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30649F66BA9A5FE3096B986A3.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts and ecology. The single pair of S. orapilosus was found in an unidentified white webby sponge in Caracas Baai, one of the most species-rich sites we surveyed. This sponge was rare elsewhere despite intensive searching.	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30649F66BA9A5FE3096B986A3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Curaçao (this study).	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F30649F66BA9A5FE3096B986A3.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Synalpheus orapilosus is morphologically most similar to Synalpheus barahonensis, originally described from the Bahamas and the only other gambarelloides group Synalpheus distinguished by a tuft of setae on the distal end of the third maxilliped (instead of a distal circlet of spines). S. orapilosus differs from S. barahonensis in the number of segments on the 2 nd minor pereopod (5 in S. orapilosus, 4 in S. barahonensis).	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F3064EF66BA9A5FD9A90A4817B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Curaçao: 1 ov. female, 1 non-ov. individual (VIMS 08 CU 11401), Caracas Baai, from the canals of Agelas cf. clathrodes. 1 ov. female (VIMS 08 CU 3304), Caracas Baai, from the canals of Hymeniacidon caerulea. 2 ov. females, 3 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 12101, 12702), Eastpunt, from the canals of A. cf. clathrodes. 1 individual (VIMS 08 CU 12601), Eastpunt, from the canals of Xestospongia sp. “ soft ”. 1 ov. female (VIMS 08 CU 201), Piscadera Baai, from the canals of A. cf. clathrodes. 1 individual (VIMS 08 CU 305), Piscadera Baai, from the canals of Hyattella intestinalis. 1 ov. female, 1 non-ov. individual (VIMS 08 CU 1501 – 2), Piscadera Baai, from the canals of Xestospongia subtriangularis. 3 individuals (VIMS 08 CU 8703), Piscadera Baai east, from the canals of A. cf. clathrodes. 1 individual (VIMS 08 CU 7401), Scary Steps, from the canals of H. caerulea. 2 ov. females (VIMS 08 CU 7701), Scary Steps, from the canals of X. sp. “ soft ”. 1 ov. female, 1 non-ov. individual (VIMS 08 CU 7801), Scary Steps, from the canals of X. subtriangularis. 1 individual (VIMS 08 CU 5003), Westpunt, near or in a webby white and purple sponge in coral rubble. 1 ov. female, 2 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 5803, 5903 – 4), Westpunt, in the canals of H. intestinalis. 1 ov. female, 1 non-ov. individual (VIMS 08 CU 5401 – 2), Westpunt, from the canals of H. intestinalis. Largest ov. female, CL 3.9 mm, largest non-ov. individual, CL 3.2 mm. Color. Body typically orange, sometimes with orange-tipped chelae; females with ovaries ranging from green to greenish-brown and embryo color ranging from orange, to green, to olive-brown.	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F3064EF66BA9A5FD9A90A4817B.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts and ecology. In Curaçao, Synalpheus sanctithomae is found in a range of different sponges, most commonly in Agelas cf. clathrodes, Hyattella intestinalis, Hymeniacidon caerulea, and Xestospongia subtriangularis, typically in heterosexual pairs. In Belize, S. sanctithomae is found in A. cf. clathrodes, H. intestinalis, and H. caerulea (Macdonald et al. 2006).	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F3064EF66BA9A5FD9A90A4817B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Florida (Gore 1981); Virgin Islands (Coutière 1909); Belize (Macdonald et al. 2006; Rios & Duffy 2007); Jamaica (Macdonald et al. 2009); Curaçao (this study); Brazil (Christofferson 1979).	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F3064EF66BA9A5FD9A90A4817B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Although Synalpheus sanctithomae has been distinguished from the closely related species Synalpheus mcclendoni by the number of distal telson setae (10 or more in S. mcclendoni, <6 in S. sanctithomae; Rios & Duffy 2007), this character varied slightly in S. sanctithomae collected in Curaçao (2 – 7 distal telson setae), sometimes among individuals inhabiting the same individual sponge. In addition, some individuals had a row of setae on the dactyl of their major chela.	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F3064EF66AA9A5F9329097832B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Curaçao: 2 ov. females, 1 non-ov. individual (VIMS 08 CU 3301 – 3), Caracas Baai, from the canals of Hymeniacidon caerulea. 4 ov. females, 7 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 10601, 11301 – 2, 11701, 12002), Caracas Baai, from the canals of Xestospongia subtriangularis. 1 ov. female, 1 non-ov. individual (VIMS 08 CU 1001 – 2), Piscadera Baai, from the canals of Agelas cf. clathrodes. 1 ov. female, 1 non-ov. individual (VIMS 08 CU 1101 – 2), Piscadera Baai, from the canals of H. caerulea. 4 ov. females, 4 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 9201, 9503, 10003 – 4), Piscadera Baai east, from the canals of X. subtriangularis. 2 ov. females, 2 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 2101, 2501 – 2), St. Michiel Baai, from the canals of X. subtriangularis. 1 ov. female, 1 non-ov. individual (VIMS 08 CU 4701 – 2), Westpunt, from the canals of Xestospongia sp. “ soft. ” Largest ov. female from Curaçao, CL 4.6 mm, largest non-ov. individual, CL 3.6 mm. Panama: 1 ov. female (VIMS 07 P 3701 – 1), Hospital Point (09 ° 20 ’ 0.24 ” N, 82 ° 13 ’ 6.84 ” W), from the canals of H. caerulea. Color. Body transparent to orange-tinged, females with orange or pinkish-orange ovaries and embryos.	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F3064EF66AA9A5F9329097832B.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts and ecology. In Curaçao, Synalpheus ul occurred in roughly equal sex ratios, most often as a single pair, and occupied Hymeniacidon caerulea, Xestospongia subtriangularis, Agelas cf. clathrodes, and Xestospongia sp “ soft ”. Individuals found in Xestospongia sp. were often morphologically ambiguous (often resembling Synalpheus hoetjesi) and host records from sponges other than H. caerulea and A. cf. clathrodes in Curaçao should be treated with caution (see description for S. hoetjesi for more details). In Panama, S. ul is primarily found in H. caerulea.	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F3064EF66AA9A5F9329097832B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Belize (Rios & Duffy 2007); Jamaica (Macdonald et al. 2009); Curaçao (this study); Barbados (this study); Panama (this study).	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F3064EF66AA9A5F9329097832B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. In Curaçao, Synalpheus ul from sponge hosts Hymeniacidon caerulea and Agelas cf. clathrodes strongly resembled the original type series described (from H. caerulea) from Belize (Rios & Duffy 2007). Conversely, S. ul living in sponges in the genus Xestospongia were relatively difficult to distinguish from the closely related (and morphologically similar) S. hoetjesi sp. nov., which also inhabited Xestospongia spp., due to occasional convergence of the morphological characters used to separate the species (see S. hoetjesi description for further detail). Here we tentatively assign specimens from these hosts to either S. ul or S. hoetjesi based on a mitochondrial DNA COI gene tree (Fig. 8), i. e., using the maternally-inherited cytochrome c oxidase subunit I locus. Further study is needed, preferably employing a number of different molecular markers, to determine whether similarity of morphological characters in these hosts is caused by species hybridization or by host-related morphological convergence.	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F3064FF66AA9A5FB0D972F807D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Curaçao: 3 ov. females, 9 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 3305, 3401, 3501, 10201, 11001, 11601, 11801), Caracas Baai, from the canals of Hymeniacidon caerulea. 1 ov. female (VIMS 08 CU 3601), Caracas Baai, no host found. 1 ov. female, 1 non-ov. individual (VIMS 08 CU 7901 – 2), Scary Steps, from the canals of H. caerulea. 1 ov. female, 2 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 2301, 2401), St. Michiel Baai, from the canals of H. caerulea. 1 individual (VIMS 08 CU 2001), St. Michiel Baai, no host found. 3 ov. females, 4 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08 CU 4601 – 2, 5301, 5501 – 2, 6401 – 2), Westpunt, from the canals of H. caerulea. 1 individual (VIMS 08 CU 6801), Westpunt, no host found. Largest ov. female, CL 5.5 mm, largest non-ov. individual, CL 3.8 mm. Color. Bodies drab to bright orange, with brown to orange-tipped major chelae; embryos and ovaries orange.	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F3064FF66AA9A5FB0D972F807D.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts and ecology. In Curaçao, as in other locations where it has been reported, S. williamsi was primarily found in the canals of Hymeniacidon caerulea, typically in heterosexual pairs. In Curaçao, juvenile individuals were often found accompanying adult pairs.	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F3064FF66AA9A5FB0D972F807D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Belize (Macdonald et al. 2006; Rios & Duffy 2007); Jamaica (Macdonald et al. 2009); Curaçao (this study).	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
3E7387F3064FF66AA9A5FB0D972F807D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. S. williamsi in Curaçao often had traces of their dark blue host sponge (Hymeniacidon caerulea) visible in their gut (see Plates 6 E – F), as noted in other locations.	en	Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S., Duffy, J. Emmett (2010): Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *. Zootaxa 2372 (1): 221-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2372.1.20
