taxonID	type	description	language	source
4AA1C54C94C550FA943F8B2FC3B074BB.taxon	description	Figs 3, 5, 7 D Chinese name: 雷丸老伞	en	Zhang, Wen-Hao, Zhang, Guo-Li, Lei, Han-Chi, Xu, Chang, Li, Jia, Xia, Xing, Jiang, Shuai, Li, Na, Tang, Li-Ping (2025): Multi-origin analysis of the traditional Chinese medicine Leiwan. MycoKeys 125: 325-345, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.125.164001
4AA1C54C94C550FA943F8B2FC3B074BB.taxon	description	Description. Basidiomata small to medium-sized, with a flexible texture. Pileus 2 – 6 cm diam., cup- or funnel-shaped, slightly depressed at centre when young, gradually becoming funnel-shaped with growth; initially dark brown (4 F 5 – 4 F 6), becoming progressively lighter with development, transitioning to dark grey-brown (4 E 5 – 4 E 6) and pale grey-brown (2 C 2) towards the margin; edge paler, greyish-white (2 B 2), with radial striations or small squamules; surface dry. Context thin, fragile, yellowish-white (1 A 2). Lamellae decurrent, creamy-white, with the same colour on both surfaces and edges, 30 – 40 pieces of complete lamellae per pileus. Stipe 1.5 – 4.5 × 0.1 – 0.4 cm, central, cylindrical, hollow; surface initially pale white (1 A 1), developing sparse grey (1 B 1) scales with age, predominantly scattered along entire stipe; base turning yellow-brown (1 B 4) at maturity, slightly swollen. Odour and taste indistinct. The cultured mycelium of G. brunneosquamulosum grows prostrately on the surface of the medium, exhibiting a concentric zonation pattern with radially extending hyphae. The colony margin is smooth and well-defined. Basidiospores [40 / 2 / 2] 6.0 – 8.0 (9.0) × 4.0 – 5.0 μm (Q = 1.4 – 2.0, Q m = 1.63 ± 0.2), inamyloid, ellipsoid to elongate-ellipsoid. Basidia 25 – 40 × 6 – 9 μm, clavate, 4 - spored, occasionally 2 - spored; sterigmata up to 5 μm long. Cheilocystidia clavate, 18 – 35 × 4 – 6 μm and thin-walled. Pleurocystidia absent. Lamellar trama subregular; hyphae 2 – 12.5 μm wide, thin-walled and hyaline. Pileipellis a cutis; hyphae 2 – 7 μm wide, light yellow to yellow (1 A 6 – 1 B 6); terminal elements 25 – 75 × 8 – 15 μm, clavate, sometimes with sparse coarse excrescences and light yellowish-brown to yellowish-brown (1 A 5 – 1 B 5) pigment in KOH. Pileus trama subregular, sarcodimitic, sometimes containing dark brown (1 C 4 – 1 C 5) hyphae. Stipitipellis composed of hyphae 2 – 10 μm wide, hyaline, smooth. Caulocystidia 27 – 55 × 6 – 12 μm, clavate, thin-walled; light yellowish-brown (2 A 7 – 2 A 5) pigment in KOH. Clamp connections present in all tissues. Sclerotia 0.8 – 3.5 cm diam., elliptical to irregularly globose; peridium thin, brown (2 D 8 – 2 E 8), fissured when fresh, drying dark brown (2 E 7 – 2 F 7) to black, fissures deepened, texture slightly wrinkled. Internal structure dense, firm, hard, often exhibiting white marble-like veins; cut surface showing intertwined wax-yellow (2 A 2) and milky-white (1 A 1) striations; comprising irregularly shaped translucent compartments, 1 – 2 mm wide, separated by white septa; compartments near the outer layer of the sclerotium are typically smaller. Odour indistinct. Rhizomorphs brown (2 D 8) to dark brown (2 E 7), arising from sclerotia, with vessel hyphae facilitating long-distance translocation of water and nutrients, caducous upon drying. Sclerotial context primarily composed of compact thick-walled hyphae and viscous substances, hyphae 2 – 6 μm wide, thick-walled, 1 μm thick, hyaline. Clamp connections present, rare. Sclerotial rind with yellowish-brown (2 B 5 – 2 C 5) pigment in KOH.	en	Zhang, Wen-Hao, Zhang, Guo-Li, Lei, Han-Chi, Xu, Chang, Li, Jia, Xia, Xing, Jiang, Shuai, Li, Na, Tang, Li-Ping (2025): Multi-origin analysis of the traditional Chinese medicine Leiwan. MycoKeys 125: 325-345, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.125.164001
4AA1C54C94C550FA943F8B2FC3B074BB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known to be primarily in the regions southern of the Yangtze River in China: Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Sichuan, Yunnan and Zhejiang.	en	Zhang, Wen-Hao, Zhang, Guo-Li, Lei, Han-Chi, Xu, Chang, Li, Jia, Xia, Xing, Jiang, Shuai, Li, Na, Tang, Li-Ping (2025): Multi-origin analysis of the traditional Chinese medicine Leiwan. MycoKeys 125: 325-345, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.125.164001
AA4CE4A682905850BAB5422563BFDDDE.taxon	description	Figs 4, 6, 7 E Chinese name: 中华老伞	en	Zhang, Wen-Hao, Zhang, Guo-Li, Lei, Han-Chi, Xu, Chang, Li, Jia, Xia, Xing, Jiang, Shuai, Li, Na, Tang, Li-Ping (2025): Multi-origin analysis of the traditional Chinese medicine Leiwan. MycoKeys 125: 325-345, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.125.164001
AA4CE4A682905850BAB5422563BFDDDE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Distinguished from other Gerronema species by its funnel-shaped pileus with a yellow-brown surface that becomes dark brown at the centre when mature and a pale grey-brown margin with radial striations or small scales. It is also characterised by a slender and hollow stipe covered with grey squamules, ellipsoid to elongate-ellipsoid basidiospores and the presence of clamp connections. Sclerotium primarily composed of compact filamentous hyphae and viscous substances.	en	Zhang, Wen-Hao, Zhang, Guo-Li, Lei, Han-Chi, Xu, Chang, Li, Jia, Xia, Xing, Jiang, Shuai, Li, Na, Tang, Li-Ping (2025): Multi-origin analysis of the traditional Chinese medicine Leiwan. MycoKeys 125: 325-345, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.125.164001
AA4CE4A682905850BAB5422563BFDDDE.taxon	etymology	Etymology. “ Sinense ” refers to “ Chinese ”.	en	Zhang, Wen-Hao, Zhang, Guo-Li, Lei, Han-Chi, Xu, Chang, Li, Jia, Xia, Xing, Jiang, Shuai, Li, Na, Tang, Li-Ping (2025): Multi-origin analysis of the traditional Chinese medicine Leiwan. MycoKeys 125: 325-345, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.125.164001
AA4CE4A682905850BAB5422563BFDDDE.taxon	description	Description. Basidiomata small and flexible. Pileus approximately 3.5 cm diam., dry, centrally depressed, umbilicate; surface with prominent radial striations, yellow-brown (2 B 8 – 2 B 6) to darker brown (2 D 6 – 2 E 6) at centre, grey-brown (2 C 4 – 2 C 2) at margin. Context thin, white (1 A 1). Lamellae decurrent, creamy-white (1 A 1), about 40 pieces of complete lamellae per pileus. Stipe ca. 6.0 × 0.5 cm, central, cylindrical, hollow; surface densely covered with grey (1 B 1) scales near the apex, less evident towards the base, which is swollen and paler. Odour and taste indistinct. The cultured mycelium of G. sinense displays slower radial expansion. Colonies are characterised by a dense, floccose to tomentose aerial mycelium that is markedly elevated above the agar surface. The colony edge is irregular and poorly defined. Basidiospores [40 / 1 / 1] (6.5) 7.0 – 8.5 (9.0) × 4.0 – 5.0 (6.0) μm [Q = 1.4 – 1.77 (2.0), Q m = 1.58 ± 0.15], inamyloid, ellipsoid to elongate-ellipsoid. Basidia 25 – 35 × 6 – 8 μm, 4 - spored, clavate; sterigmata up to 5 μm long. Cheilocystidia 18 – 30 × 2 – 6 μm, narrowly clavate or subfusiform, thin-walled. Pleurocystidia absent. Lamellar trama subregular; hyphae 2 – 12.5 μm wide, thin-walled, hyaline. Pileipellis a cutis; hyphae 1.5 – 8 μm wide, light yellow to yellow (1 A 6 – 1 B 6), occasionally with coarse excrescences; terminal elements 20 – 120 × 4 – 12.5 μm, clavate, sometimes with sparse coarse excrescences, light yellowish-brown to yellowish-brown (2 B 5 – 2 C 5) pigment in KOH. Pileus trama subregular, sarcodimitic, sometimes with yellowish-brown (2 B 4) to dark brown (2 D 4) hyphae. Stipitipellis composed of hyphae, 2 – 8 μm wide, hyaline, smooth. Caulocystidia 20 – 95 × 4 – 12 μm, cylindrical or clavate, thin-walled; light yellowish-brown (2 A 7 – 2 A 5) pigment in KOH. Clamp connections present in all tissues. Sclerotia 1.8 – 3.5 cm diam., elliptical to irregularly shaped; peridium thin, surface reddish-brown (7 C 7 – 7 C 8) with irregular block-like cracks and fissured when fresh, drying dark purplish-red (11 C 8 – 11 D 8) with deep cracks and slightly wrinkled texture. Internal structure compact and hard, often exhibiting white marble-like veins. Odour indistinct. Rhizomorphs reddish-brown (7 C 7), arising from sclerotia, caducous upon drying. Sclerotial context primarily composed of compact filamentous hyphae with viscous substances, 1 – 5 μm wide, thin-walled, hyaline. Clamp connections present, rare. Sclerotial rind with yellowish-brown (2 B 5 – 2 D 5) pigment in KOH.	en	Zhang, Wen-Hao, Zhang, Guo-Li, Lei, Han-Chi, Xu, Chang, Li, Jia, Xia, Xing, Jiang, Shuai, Li, Na, Tang, Li-Ping (2025): Multi-origin analysis of the traditional Chinese medicine Leiwan. MycoKeys 125: 325-345, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.125.164001
AA4CE4A682905850BAB5422563BFDDDE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from south and southwest China: Chongqing, Hainan, Sichuan and Yunnan.	en	Zhang, Wen-Hao, Zhang, Guo-Li, Lei, Han-Chi, Xu, Chang, Li, Jia, Xia, Xing, Jiang, Shuai, Li, Na, Tang, Li-Ping (2025): Multi-origin analysis of the traditional Chinese medicine Leiwan. MycoKeys 125: 325-345, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.125.164001
C470C8C8406559FE8BE87DDCA232A216.taxon	description	Fig. 7 A – C, F Chinese name: 菌核丛梗霉皮伞	en	Zhang, Wen-Hao, Zhang, Guo-Li, Lei, Han-Chi, Xu, Chang, Li, Jia, Xia, Xing, Jiang, Shuai, Li, Na, Tang, Li-Ping (2025): Multi-origin analysis of the traditional Chinese medicine Leiwan. MycoKeys 125: 325-345, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.125.164001
C470C8C8406559FE8BE87DDCA232A216.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Sclerotia relatively small, 0.5 – 2.5 cm diam., globose to irregularly shaped; outer layer thin, grey-brown to grey-black (2 D 2 – 2 F 2) when fresh, turning dark grey (2 F 2) when dried. Composed of compact filamentous and vascular hyphae, 1.5 – 8 μm wide, thin-walled, hyaline. Sclerotial rind yellowish-brown to dark brown pigmentation in KOH.	en	Zhang, Wen-Hao, Zhang, Guo-Li, Lei, Han-Chi, Xu, Chang, Li, Jia, Xia, Xing, Jiang, Shuai, Li, Na, Tang, Li-Ping (2025): Multi-origin analysis of the traditional Chinese medicine Leiwan. MycoKeys 125: 325-345, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.125.164001
C470C8C8406559FE8BE87DDCA232A216.taxon	etymology	Etymology. “ sclerotium ” denotes the dense, compact resting structure typical of certain fungi, emphasising its key features.	en	Zhang, Wen-Hao, Zhang, Guo-Li, Lei, Han-Chi, Xu, Chang, Li, Jia, Xia, Xing, Jiang, Shuai, Li, Na, Tang, Li-Ping (2025): Multi-origin analysis of the traditional Chinese medicine Leiwan. MycoKeys 125: 325-345, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.125.164001
C470C8C8406559FE8BE87DDCA232A216.taxon	description	Description. Sclerotia globose, elliptical to irregularly shaped, 0.5 – 2.5 cm diam.; peridium thin, grey-brown to grey-black when fresh, turning dark grey with irregular block-like cracks when dried; internal structure compact and hard, often exhibiting white marble-like veins. Odour indistinct. Sclerotial context primarily composed of compact, abundant thin-walled, hyaline hyphae, plus viscous substances; filamentous hyphae 1.5 – 4 μm wide, vascular hyphae 5 – 8 μm wide. Clamp connections present, rare. Sclerotial rind yellowish-brown to dark brown pigmentation in KOH.	en	Zhang, Wen-Hao, Zhang, Guo-Li, Lei, Han-Chi, Xu, Chang, Li, Jia, Xia, Xing, Jiang, Shuai, Li, Na, Tang, Li-Ping (2025): Multi-origin analysis of the traditional Chinese medicine Leiwan. MycoKeys 125: 325-345, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.125.164001
C470C8C8406559FE8BE87DDCA232A216.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known only from Yunnan Province.	en	Zhang, Wen-Hao, Zhang, Guo-Li, Lei, Han-Chi, Xu, Chang, Li, Jia, Xia, Xing, Jiang, Shuai, Li, Na, Tang, Li-Ping (2025): Multi-origin analysis of the traditional Chinese medicine Leiwan. MycoKeys 125: 325-345, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.125.164001
