identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
385C87B6FFF30E50FCF9FABCFAD6F950.text	385C87B6FFF30E50FCF9FABCFAD6F950.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Canthophorus Mulsant & Rey 1866	<div><p>Canthophorus Mulsant &amp; Rey 1866: 54 .</p><p>Type species by subsequent designation (Reuter 1888: 404):</p><p>Cimex dubius Scopoli, 1763 .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>In external morphology,  Canthophorus may be recognised by the combination of the following characters: pronotum, corium not including thin light stripe along their lateral margins [absent in  C. coeruleus (Reuter, 1902)], legs and antennae unicolourly dark; body with blue or violet metallic luster (or very rarely without luster). Structure of aedeagus and female genitalia with unique characters among  Sehirini: presence of unpaired sclerotised, rather long ventral lobe (Figures 4 A, 6 A –6 Y) [aedeagi in some species of  Ochetostethus Fieber, 1860 with similar membranous short lobe]; first rami (Figure 8 A, 8 C –8 Y) widening anteriorly; and spermathecal duct consisting of three parts: entirely sclerotised, short, slightly dilated proximal part, membranous, long, strongly widened, simple (without invaginated distomedian part) median part, and membranous, long, very thin distal part (Figures 8 B, 9 A, 10 A, 10 D, 11 A, 11 C –11 E) [spermathecal ducts in  Crocistethus Fieber, 1860 and  Tritomegas bicolor more similar to this type of structure and differing from it by median part subdivided into membranous proximomedian and short, sclerotised, invaginated distomedian parts, and also by long and thin basal part, in  Crocistethus, membranous proximally].</p><p>Differential diagnosis</p><p>Canthophorus is distinguished by a shallow groove on the prosternum, with smooth, not lamellar and not carinate margins [vs. all genera and species examined except for  Adomerus notatus and  A. triguttulus]; trapeziformly rounded head [vs.  Sehirus Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843 and  Ochetostethus]; presence of medial rib and absence of groove on mesosternum [vs.  Ochetostethus and  Ochetostethomorpha nollothensis Schumacher 1913, according to Linnavuori’ s description (1993)]; absence of denticles on femora [vs.  Ochetostethomorpha nollothensis, according to Linnavuori’ s description (1993)]; almost spherical eyes, less strongly protruding beyond lateral margins of head [vs.  Legnotus Schiødte, 1848]; jugae contiguous in front of clypeus, with lateral margins considerably elevated above clypeus [vs.  Adomerus Mulsant &amp; Rey, 1866 except for  A. aeneus (Walker, 1867) n. comb.,  A. maculipes (Mulsant &amp; Rey, 1852) n. comb.,  A. variegates,  Crocistethus,  Lalervis Signoret, 1881,  Singeria, according to Wagner’ s description (1955), Tacolus Schouteden, 1910, and  Tritomegas Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843]; absence of light patches on legs, antennae, pronotum, scutellum and/or corium, excluding lateral margins of pronotum and corium [vs.  Adomerus,  Crocistethus,  Lalervis,  Ochetostethomorpha, according to the description of Linnavuori (1993) and Lis et al. (2014), Tacolus, and  Tritomegas]; shorter rostrum, not protruding beyond middle coxae [vs. Tacolus]; widely rounded, curved downward apex of scutellum and not shortened hemelytra [vs.  Singeria, according to Wagner’ s description (1955)]. All species of  Canthophorus, except for  C. coeruleus and  C. niveimarginatus Scott, 1874, with light-coloured spots in anterior angles of ventrites IV–VII, like in  Tritomegas [vs.  Adomerus aeneus n. comb.,  A. maculipes n. comb.,  A. variegates,  Crocistethus,  Lalervis and Tacolus, having similar, but longer, merging or almost merging spots on ventrites V–VII], unlike  Adomerus biguttatus,  A. notatus,  A. rotundus, and  A. triguttulus, having continuous thin stripe on lateral margins of abdominal venter (as in  C. niveimarginatus), and in contrast to  Adomerus congener and other genera of tribe having unicolour abdominal venter (as in  C. coeruleus). All species of  Canthophorus, except for  C. coeruleus, with contrasting light stripe along entire length of lateral margin of pronotum and along lateral margin of corium, except for its apex, as in  Adomerus,  Lalervis, Tacolus and  Tritomegas (with the difference that the last two genera with stripe strongly not reaching apex of corium;  Tritomegas sexmaculatus with stripe on lateral margin of pronotum strongly widening anteriad; and stripe in  T. bicolor not extending beyond middle of lateral margin of pronotum), in contrast to  Crocistethus waltlianus,  Exosehirus Wagner, 1963, and  Legnotus having only light-coloured lateral margin of corium, and as distinct from  Crocistethus basalis and other genera not having light-coloured strip on lateral margins of pronotum and corium. Remaining part of corium in  Canthophorus without light spots [vs.  Adomerus biguttatus,  A. notatus,  A. rotundus,  A. triguttulus,  A. variegates,  Crocistethus,  Lalervis and  Ochetostethomorpha, according to Linnavuori (1993) and Lis et al. (2014), Tacolus and  Tritomegas].</p><p>Pygophore in  Canthophorus is distinct from all studied genera, except for  Lalervis, with long and strongly sloped posterior surface and with long dorsal infolding (Figure 2 B). Posterior ventral margin of pygophore without notches (Figure 2 A) [vs.  Adomerus maculipes n. comb. (Figure 2 E),  Crocistethus,  Lalervis and  Tritomegas]. Genital opening laterally with sclerotised denticles (Figure 2 B) [vs.  Crocistethus,  Exosehirus and  Tritomegas bicolor]. Dorsal infolding sclerotised [vs.  Adomerus triguttulus], without desclerotised medial line [vs.  Adomerus aeneus n. comb. (Figure 2 D),  A. maculipes n. comb. (Figure 2 F),  Crocistethus and  Exosehirus] and desclerotised area in middle of inner margin [vs.  Adomerus and  Tritomegas], with distinct low and flattened tubercle on each side [vs.  Adomerus,  Exosehirus,  Lalervis,  Ochetostethus and  Tritomegas sexmaculatus]. Dorsal wall of pygophore with very narrow desclerotised line [vs.  Crocistethus and  Tritomegas].</p><p>Corpus of paramere in  Canthophorus (Figure 3 A –3 M) long [vs.  Adomerus,  Exosehirus,  Lalervis and  Ochetostethus], gradually and slightly widening distally [vs.  Adomerus,  Crocistethus,  Exosehirus,  Ochetostethus,  Ochetostethomorpha, according to figures of Linnavuori (1993) and Lis et al. (2014), and  Tritomegas]. Sensory process short [vs.  Adomerus, except for  A. triguttulus,  Sehirus,  Singeria, according to Wagner’ s drawing (1955), and  Tritomegas bicolor], rounded [vs.  Crocistethus,  Lalervis,  Legnotus and  Ochetostethus], not strongly dilated [vs.  Exosehirus and  Ochetostethus] and not strongly narrowed [vs.  Legnotus], covered with sparse and rather short setae [vs.  Adomerus, except for  A. congener,  Exosehirus,  Legnotus,  Sehirus,  Singeria, according to Wagner’ s drawing (1955), and  Ochetostethomorpha, according to figures of Linnavuori (1993) and Lis et al. (2014),]. Hypophysis rather short [vs.  Adomerus,  Exosehirus,  Lalervis,  Sehirus,  Singeria, according to Wagner’ s drawing (1955),  Ochetostethus,  Ochetostethomorpha, according to figures of Linnavuori (1993) and Lis et al. (2014), and  Tritomegas], lying at an acute angle to paramere body axis [vs.  Exosehirus], flattened laterally [vs.  Adomerus biguttatus and  Lalervis], not curved dorsally [vs.  Legnotus and  Ochetostethus], without projection or triangular prominence before apex [vs.  Adomerus aeneus,  n. comb.,  A. congener,  A. triguttulus,  Crocistethus and  Legnotus], without denticles on inner margin [vs.  Exosehirus], without denticles [vs.  Adomerus maculipes n. comb.] and setae [vs.  Sehirus] on outer margin, with pointed [vs.  Adomerus biguttatus,  Sehirus,  Singeria, according to Wagner’ s drawing (1955),  Ochetostethomorpha nollothensis, according to Linnavuori’ s drawing (1993), and  Tritomegas], not curved [vs.  Crocistethus and  Tritomegas bicolor] apex.</p><p>Conjunctiva of aedeagus in  Canthophorus (Figures 4 A –4 C, 5 A –5 E), without dorsal lobes [vs.  Adomerus congener,  A. maculipes,  n. comb.,  Crocistethus,  Lalervis,  Legnotus,  Ochetostethus and  Tritomegas]. Vesica narrow, with walls rather closely adjacent to ductus ejaculatorius and sclerotised (Figure 4 D –4 H) [vs.  Adomerus aeneus,  n. comb. (Figure 18 A –18 C),  A. congener,  A maculipes,  n. comb. (Figure 19 A –19 C),  A. variegatus,  Lalervis and  Tritomegas], not expanded [vs.  Adomerus aeneus,  n. comb.,  A. maculipes n. comb.,  A. notatus and  A. rotundus], with one branch [only in  C. melanopterus (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1835)] unlike  Adomerus biguttatus,  A. triguttulus,  Lalervis,  Legnotus and  Tritomegas, membranous as in  Ochetostethus, in contrast to  Sehirus morio and  S. parens . Dorsoapical lobe of conjunctiva absent [vs.  Adomerus (Figures 18 A –18 C, 19 A –19 C),  Crocistethus and  Lalervis]. Dorsolateral lobes with acicular straight spicules (Figure 7 A – 7 V) in contrast to all genera examined, except for  Legnotus and  Tritomegas .  Canthophorus in structure of aedeagus is closest to  Exosehirus and  Sehirus, distinguished from them in completely membranous apical lobes of conjunctiva, more sclerotised vesica, and dorsolateral lobes directed dorsolaterad.</p><p>Paratergites IX in  Canthophorus transverse, not extended forward like more or less wide plates (Figure 8 A) [vs.  Crocistethus and  Ochetostethus], not fused with gonocoxites II [vs.  Crocistethus waltlianus,  Legnotus,  Ochetostethus and  Tritomegas]; outer ends of latter rather wide [vs.  Adomerus aeneus n. comb. (Figure 20 A, 20 B),  A. congener,  A. rotundus,  A. triguttulus,  Exosehirus,  Sehirus and  Tritomegas bicolor]. Lateral parts of gonocoxites I lying under ventrite VII not very large [vs.  Ochetostethus]. First rami developed [vs.  Adomerus biguttatus,  Crocistethus and  Legnotus]; apices of gonapophyses I short [vs.  Exosehirus,  Ochetostethus,  Sehirus and  Tritomegas bicolor]. Gonangulum developed [vs.  Adomerus aeneus n. comb. (Figure 20 A),  A. biguttatus,  A. maculipes n. comb. (Figure 20 C),  Crocistethus and  Legnotus]. Gonapophyses II present [vs.  Crocistethus and  Legnotus], narrow and rather short; second rami absent [vs.  Adomerus aeneus n. comb. (Figure 20 A),  A. maculipes n. comb. (Figure 20 C),  Adomerus variegates,  Exosehirus,  Ochetostethus,  Sehirus and  Tritomegas sexmaculatus]. Triangulum without paired pouches [vs.  Sehirus] or deep transverse fold [vs.  Adomerus aeneus n. comb. (Figure 20 A),  A. congener,  A. maculipes n. comb. (Figure 20 C),  A. variegates and  Tritomegas]. Gynatrial sac without anterior pouches [vs.  Adomerus aeneus n. comb. (Figure 20 B),  A. congener,  A. maculipes n. comb. (Figure 20 D), and  A. variegates]. Gynatrial cone relatively short [vs.  Adomerus biguttatus,  Exosehirus, Tacolus and  Tritomegas sexmaculatus], not widened apically [vs. Tacolus], not greatly diminished, and not surrounded by ring-shaped fold named here as torus [vs.  Adomerus aeneus n. comb. (Figure 20 B),  A. congener,  A. maculipes n. comb. (Figure 20 D),  A. rotundus and  A. variegates]. Spermathecal duct differentiated into parts [vs.  Adomerus (Figure 20 B, 20 D), except for  A. biguttatus] and consisting of three, not two parts [vs.  Adomerus biguttatus,  Lalervis,  Legnotus,  Sehirus ovatus, Tacolus,  Tritomegas sexmaculatus and  Ochetostethus]; proximal part of duct sclerotised [vs.  Adomerus biguttatus,  Exosehirus,  Lalervis,  Legnotus,  Sehirus morio,  S. parens and Tacolus], short [vs.  Crocistethus and  Tritomegas bicolor], not membranous basally [vs.  Crocistethus]; median part gradually widening to middle [vs.  Exosehirus], completely membranous, not sclerotised apically [vs.  Sehirus morio and  S. parens], not subdivided into membranous proximomedian and short, sclerotised, invaginated distomedian subparts [vs.  Crocistethus and  Tritomegas]. Spermathecal pump with flanges, capsule having not only subspherical distal part but also tubular proximal part [vs.  Ochetostethus]. Dorsal wall of gynatrial sac without sclerotised plate in front of gynatrial cone [vs.  Adomerus triguttulus,  Exosehirus,  Lalervis and  Sehirus], without unpaired pouch anteriorly of [vs.  Adomerus triguttulus] and without unpaired pouch [vs.  Adomerus aeneus n. comb. (Figure 20 B),  A. biguttatus,  A. maculipes n. comb. (Figure 20 D),  A. notatus,  A. variegates,  Exosehirus,  Sehirus and  Tritomegas bicolor] or paired pouches [vs.  Adomerus rotundus] just posterior to gynatrial cone. Posterior part of gynatrial sac with two lateral pouches [vs.  Adomerus aeneus n. comb. (Figure 20 B),  A. biguttatus,  A. congener,  A. maculipes n. comb. (Figure 20 D),  A. variegates,  Exosehirus,  Legnotus picipes,  Sehirus, Tacolus and  Tritomegas], without medial unpaired pouch [vs.  Adomerus rotundus, Tacolus and  Tritomegas]. Ring sclerites present [vs.  Ochetostethus], almost always paired [vs.  A. maculipes n. comb. (Figure 20 C)].</p><p>Description</p><p>Body oval, slightly widened behind middle, moderately convex, blackish or dark brown, glabrous, almost always with blue or purple metallic sheen.</p><p>Head transverse, moderately inclined. Preocular part of head widely rounded, flat in middle. Jugae contiguous in front of clypeus, with lateral margins rather curved upward so that clypeus not visible in lateral view, except for its base. Eyes large, spherical, not strongly protruding beyond lateral margins of head. Vertex convex. Dorsal surface head covered with thin dense punctuation; punctures on ventral surface of head slightly larger and deeper. Antennae unicolour dark brown or blackish. Bucculae moderately high, gradually decreasing posteriorly. Rostrum reaching middle coxae.</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum broader than long, convex. Pronotal lateral margins gradually convex, bordered by smooth, rounded yellowish rib widening anteriorly; only in  C. coeruleus rib uniformly thin, of same colour as pronotal disc. Anterior angles of pronotum obtusely rounded, reaching outer margins of eyes. Posterior margin of pronotum gradually and evenly convex. Humeri widely rounded. Calli strongly smoothed; transverse depression on disс very shallow, smoothed. Punctuation rather dense, with points slightly larger and deeper than on dorsal surface of head.</p><p>Scutellum long, convex at base; its lateral margins slightly convex in basal part and slightly concave posteriorly. Apex of scutellum narrow, rounded, curved downwards. Punctuation on scutellum dense, slightly deeper than on pronotum.</p><p>Lateral margins of hemelytra convex, with smooth rounded yellowish ribs tapering posteriorly and not reaching posterior outer corner of corium; only in  C. coeruleus, rib uniformly thin, of same colour as remaining part of hemelytron. Clavus and corium, excluding its lateral margin, unicolour, without any light patches. Posterior margin of corium slightly concave at inner and outer ends. Punctuation of corium as on scutellum. Membrane not or slightly projecting beyond apex of abdomen, uniformly brownish or whitish (Figure 1 A –1 F).</p><p>Propleuron anteriorly coarsely punctate, posteriorly in sparser punctuation, with almost smooth posterior margin; meso- and metapleuron rather densely punctate, posterior margin of latter almost smooth. Prosternum with shallow, smoothed laterally, punctate groove, without medial carina; mesosternum convex, transversely finely rugose, without groove, with thin longitudinal carina; metasternum with narrow shallow groove, without carinae. Mesopleural evaporatorium wide and rather long, lying along entire mesopleural posterior margin. Metapleural evaporatorium large, slightly not reaching lateral margin of metapleuron, with rounded posterior margin. Ostiole of metathoracic scent gland transversely elongated. Peritreme thin, elevated, with matte surface, in all species, except for  C. niveimarginatus, long, crescent-shaped; in latter species peritreme short and almost straight.</p><p>Legs uniformly dark brown or blackish.</p><p>Abdomen. Ventral surface densely and shallowly punctate. Anterior cones of ventrites IV–VII and anterior corners of corresponding laterotergites of connexivum with yellowish spots tapering posteriorly; in  C. niveimarginatus, ventrites III/IV–VII and corresponding laterotergites with continuous yellowish stripe tapering anteriorly; in  C. coeruleus, lateral margins of abdominal venter and connexivum without spots and stripes.</p><p>Pygophore (Figure 2 A, 2 B) somewhat longer than wide or as long as wide, gradually widening apicad, skewed apically owing to shortened dorsal wall; at rest state, genital opening of pygophore completely invisible from outside. Lateral walls of pygophore slightly concave in middle of length. Ventral wall long, with shallow transverse impression along posterior margin. Dorsal wall short, convex, with very narrow desclerotised medial line. Lateral and dorsal walls smooth, ventral wall apically with very fine punctuation. Basal opening large, longitudinally oval. Posteroventral margin of pygophore slightly convex, almost straight, without notches. Lateral angles of pygophore almost rectangular, not protruding. Genital opening small, transversely oval, laterally reinforced with pair of strongly sclerotised acute denticles directed mediad. Ventral infolding rather short and sloped ventrad in medial part at acute angle to posteroventral margin of pygophore. Dorsal infolding entirely sclerotised, long in middle, separated from dorsal wall of pygophore by narrow desclerotised line. Surface of dorsal infolding rather densely covered with thin short setae directed posteriad. Lateral infolding wide, separated from dorsal infolding by shallow impressions lying just anterior to denticles reinforcing genital opening, with several setae in inner part. Subgenital plate posteriorly in form of high, narrowly parabolic transverse ridge with acute apex directed posteriad. Dorsal margin of this posterior ridge in middle with triangular denticle directed dorsally. Lateral ridges of subgenital plate parallel, widely spaced, declining to posterior ends connected to anterior ends of posterior ridge, and strongly elevating anteriorly.</p><p>Paramere (Figure 3 A –3 M). Basal plate short and narrow, located at dorsal external side of paramere corpus, almost at right angle to its longitudinal axis. Corpus of paramere long, basally round in cross-section. In lateral view, corpus strongly narrowed in base, greatly widening distally, with concave ventral margin and almost straight dorsal margin; in dorsal view, slightly widening distally, with almost parallel lateral margin. Outer wall of paramere corpus along entire length with longitudinal rib curving to ventral margin distally. Sensory process short, broad at base, rounded apically, located apically at paramere corpus at obtuse angle to its longitudinal axis, and directed dorsoposteriad. Inner wall of sensory process sloped (so that latter triangularly narrowing apically in dorsal view), plane, with group of rather long setae; its ventral margin bordered by rib extending almost to middle of corpus length. Inner wall of paramere corpus ventral to this rib depressed in apical part. Hypophysis rather long, compressed laterally, extending from outer ventral wall of paramere corpus, directed posteroventrad and sharply curved mediad in middle. Basally hypophysis very wide, gradually narrowing to pointed, strongly sclerotised apex. Margins and surfaces of hypophysis smooth, without setae.</p><p>Aedeagus. Phallobase (Figure 4 A) rather small, widening dorsally in lateral view, with short, apically pointed arms. Ventral processes rather long, narrow, directed ventrolaterad, with curved apices. Suspensory apodemes as long as basal plates of phallobase. Capitate processes rather large. Erection fluid pump long, narrow, slightly sclerotised apically.</p><p>Theca (Figure 4 A) moderately long, attached to phallobase by ventral wall somewhat distal to base. Anterior wall (located anterior to phallobase) of theca convex, membranous. Basal tubercles rather large, slightly convex, completely membranous. Dorsal wall of theca convex, membranous, ventral wall concave in middle, lateral walls almost straight or slightly convex; ventral and lateral walls slightly sclerotised in middle, their other parts membranous except for two small isolated and weakly sclerotised patches in distal part of lateral walls. Conjunctiva (Figure 4 A –4 C) cylindrical, rather long, curved ventrally at obtuse angle relative to longitudinal axis of aedeagus approximately in middle of length. Apical part of conjunctiva (distal to bend) slightly narrower than basal part. Ventral wall of conjunctiva with rather long ventral lobe lying somewhat basally of wall middle. Ventral lobe flattened, broad at base, tapering apically, directed towards base of aedeagus and pressed to ventral wall of conjunctiva in completely inflated state. Ventral, lateral walls and apex of ventral lobe sclerotised; shape of lobe apex species-specific. Sclerotisation of ventral lobe continuing distally on ventral wall of conjunctiva in form of rather wide sclerotised band not reaching conjunctival apex. Latter with two thin, more or less long, curved membranous apical lobes and long sclerotised tubular vesica lying between them. [This tube has a complex structure and consists of a conjunctival projection in base of the tube at its dorsal side and the vesica proper; the border between them is outwardly indistinguishable and extends inside the tube along its lateral walls (the membranous border is shown in dotted lines in Figure 4 E –4 H); for simplicity, the term vesica is accepted for the entire sclerotised tube here]. Vesica basally rather wide, arcuately curved towards base of aedeagus and almost straight in distal part, gradually tapering to thin apex with secondary gonopore located terminally. In  C. melanopterus (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1835), vesica with membranous lateral branch approximately in middle of length (Figure 4 E –4 H). Ejaculatory reservoir small, lying near base of vesica. Conjunctiva at dorsal side somewhat basal to middle of length with pair of rather large membranous dorsolateral lobes directed dorsolaterad. Apex of each dorsolateral lobe with spicule extending from end of narrow, more or less long basal plate bearing one or two denticles on opposite end in all species except for  C. impressus (Horváth, 1880) . Shape of spicules mainly species-specific.</p><p>Female terminalia (Figure 8 A, 8 B). Paratergites VIII rather long medially, merged without distinct suture. Paratergites IX transverse, triangular, with widely rounded posterior angles, more or less elongated outer angles and convex ventral surfaces. Parts of gonocoxites I, lying in notch of sternite VII and visible from outside, with convex ventral surfaces and with inner margins slightly longer than posterior margins. Lateral parts of gonocoxites I, lying under sternite VII, weakly sclerotised, with broad, almost rectangular apodema near posterolateral angle of gonocoxite. Gonapophyses I shaped like folded membranous inflations of gynatrial vestibulum walls, extending along anterolateral margins of gonocoxites I, with short, pointed apices. First rami lying on ventral surfaces of gonapophyses I, long, very narrow in posterior part and widening anteriorly, almost reaching apices of gonapophyses I. Shape of anterior parts of first rami somewhat species-specific.</p><p>Gonocoxites II slightly sclerotised, transverse, tapering towards outer ends and widening mediad, not contiguous medially, with posterior inner angles widely rounded and posterior outer angles elongated into triangular processes continuing under paratergites IX as long sclerotised bands. Base of gonapophyses II in form of large triangular membranous plate (triangulum) widely rounded apically and separating vestibulum from gynatrial sac. Apices of gonapophyses II narrow, membranous, directed anteriad and each to other, lying on lateral margins of triangulum. Second rami absent.</p><p>Gonangulum shaped like narrow long plate anteriorly passing into first rami, posteriorly merged with outer angles of paratergites IX. Anterolateral angles of gonocoxites I with narrow triangular plate curved medially and attached to place of fusion of gonangulum and lateral angles of paratergites IX.</p><p>Gynatrial sac large, membranous, somewhat flattened dorsoventrally, conditionally subdivided into two parts. Anterior part looking like capacious thin-walled receptacle, slightly elongated anterior to posterior and widening anteriorly. Its anterior wall with two short triangular lateral projections. Common oviduct relatively narrow and short, coalescing with gynatrial sac anteriorly between these projections. Dorsal wall of anterior part of gynatrial sac anterior to middle with small membranous gynatrial cone [spermathecal opening into vagina by Pluot-Sigwalt &amp; Lis (2008)]. Latter triangularly widened at base and narrow, with subparallel lateral walls apically. Spermathecal duct extending from extreme apex of gynatrial cone and consisting of three parts: short, somewhat dilated proximal part [proximal duct by Pluot-Sigwalt &amp; Lis (2008)], simple (without invaginated distomedian part), very long, widening to middle median part [dilation of spermathecal duct by Pluot-Sigwalt &amp; Lis (2008)], and very narrow, moderately long distal part; last two parts membranous, while proximal part sclerotised. Spermathecal pump [intermediate part of the spermatheca by Pluot-Sigwalt &amp; Lis (2008)] normally developed, with rather equal flanges or with somewhat reduced proximal flange. Capsule of spermatheca [seminal receptacle by Pluot-Sigwalt &amp; Lis (2008)] entirely sclerotised, consisting of tubular proximal and spherical distal parts, without any processes.</p><p>Posterior part of gynatrial sac rather short, separated from anterior part by transverse fold of dorsal wall. Posterior angles of gynatrial sac elongated and triangularly tapering; their ventral surfaces merged with lateral ends of gonocoxites II smoothly curved dorsomedially. Dorsal wall of gynatrial sac posteriorly sharply curved ventrad, forming its posterior margin lying between posterior angles. Ring sclerites thin, very large, lying on posterior and partly on ventral (passing into dorsal wall of triangulum) walls of posterior part of gynatrial sac; they are separate, although perhaps rarely merged anteriorly as figured for specimen from Sigmaringen (southern Germany) by Rieger (1997) [I have never met such merged ring sclerites; probably Rieger figured a rare case of teratism]. Posterior part of gynatrial sac always with a pair of membranous pouches lying posterior or anterior to posterior margin of gynatrial sac and having species-specific size and shape. In  C. melanopterus, posterior pouches with shaped sclerites inside; sometimes internal walls of pouches in other species with formless sclerotised patches located irregularly.</p><p>Composition</p><p>I include seven species and six subspecies in the genus  Canthophorus:  C. coeruleus (Reuter, 1902),  C. dubius (Scopoli, 1763) with subspecies C. d.  dubius and C. d. sanigarum n. ssp.,  C. impressus (Horváth, 1880) with subspecies C. i.  impressus and  C. impressus hajastanicus n. ssp.,  C. melanopterus (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1835) with subspecies C. m. contrarius (Wagner, 1956), C. m. mariae n. ssp., and C. m.  melanopterus [= C. m. niger (Vidal, 1950) n. syn.],  C. mixtus Asanova, 1964 with subspecies  C. m. mixtus and C. m.  hissaricus Asanova, 1964 n. stat.,  C. niveimarginatus Scott, 1874 and  C. wagneri Asanova, 1964 with subspecies  C. w. wagneri and  C. w. hyrcanicus n. ssp. The species  C. aeneus (Walker, 1867) [=  Sehirus fuscipennis Horváth, 1899] and  C. maculipes (Mulsant &amp; Rey, 1852) are transferred to the genus  Adomerus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/385C87B6FFF30E50FCF9FABCFAD6F950	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gapon, Dmitry A.	Gapon, Dmitry A. (2018): Morphology of male and female terminalia and taxonomic revision of the burrower bugs genus Canthophorus (Heteroptera: Cydnidae). Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N. S.) 54 (3): 183-228, DOI: 10.1080/00379271.2018.1467788, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2018.1467788
385C87B6FFFE0E52FC07F944FA84FEF1.text	385C87B6FFFE0E52FC07F944FA84FEF1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Canthophorus dubius (Scopoli 1763)	<div><p>Canthophorus dubius (Scopoli, 1763)</p><p>(Figures 1 A, 1 B, 3 A –3 D, 4 A, 4 B, 6 A – 6 I, 7 A, 7 B, 8 H, 8 I, 9 A, 9 B, 12 A)</p><p>Cimex dubius Scopoli 1763: 121 [syntypes: Italy, Triest; lost].</p><p>Cimex albomarginatus Schrank 1776: 80 .</p><p>Cimex histriolus Goeze 1778: 276 .</p><p>Cimex viennensis Gmelin 1790: 2159 .</p><p>Cimex melanoleucos Gmelin 1790: 2161 .</p><p>Cimex albomarginellus Fabricius 1794: 123 .</p><p>Canthophorus (Canthophorus) dubius: Mulsant &amp; Rey 1866: 63.</p><p>Description</p><p>Lateral margins of pronotum and corium with yellowish narrow stripe; anterior angles of ventrites and connexival laterotergites with yellowish spots. Metasternal evaporatorium with long and curved peritreme. Membrane brownish or whitish.</p><p>Pygophore slightly longer than wide; lateral walls very slightly concave in middle of length; dorsal infolding slightly shorter, without impression, dorsal wall slightly longer than in  C. melanopterus .</p><p>Paramere (Figure 3 A –3 D). Hypophysis strongly curved dorsally, so that its apex is visible from outer view.</p><p>Aedeagus (Figure 4 A, 4 B). Ventral lobe of conjunctiva barely reaching apical margin of theca and narrowed before widened apex; latter with two small lateral denticles directed laterad and with two nariform impressions dorsal to them (Figure 6 A, 6 C, 6 D, 6 F) or rarely without denticles and impressions (Figure 6 G, 6 I); ventral surface of lobe slightly convex, without carina; in lateral view, lobe rather narrow (Figure 6 B, 6 E, 6 H). Apical lobes of conjunctiva short, directed ventroposteriad, lying completely in dorsoventral plane of apical half of conjunctiva and curved one towards other in middle. Vesica without lateral branch. Dorsolateral lobes of conjunctiva long, basally divided by impression, divergent in a V-shape, directed dorsolaterad, and curved anteriad at apices. Anterior wall of each dorsolateral lobe with area of weak sclerotisation before apex. Spicule broad at base, tapering to pointed apex, basally directed anteriad and dorsad, curved mediad before apex. Inner end of spicule basal plate with one short conical denticle directed mediad.</p><p>Gynatrium (Figure 9 A). Posterior pouches located behind posterior margin of gynatrial sac; line of posterior margin laterally curved posteriad and extending on dorsal walls of pouches (Figure 12 A). They are rather large, approximately as long as wide, with wide base and widely rounded posterior margin in dorsal view. Their walls rather soft, inner walls evenly convex, not sloped. Pouches subtransparent, without any sclerotisations inside. Anterior part of gynatrial sac very long and wide. Proximal part of spermathecal duct very short; median part elongated; distal part as long as half of median part or slightly shorter. Tubular part of spermathecal capsule approximately as long as transverse diameter of its spherical part and curved, but not gyrose (Figure 9 B). First rami (Figure 8 H, 8 I) rather broadly widened anteriorly, at anterior ends truncate at acute angle, rarely slightly widening and with rounded anterior end.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/385C87B6FFFE0E52FC07F944FA84FEF1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gapon, Dmitry A.	Gapon, Dmitry A. (2018): Morphology of male and female terminalia and taxonomic revision of the burrower bugs genus Canthophorus (Heteroptera: Cydnidae). Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N. S.) 54 (3): 183-228, DOI: 10.1080/00379271.2018.1467788, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2018.1467788
385C87B6FFFC0E53FC3CFEE4FAD2FF10.text	385C87B6FFFC0E53FC3CFEE4FAD2FF10.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Canthophorus dubius subsp. dubius (Scopoli 1763)	<div><p>Canthophorus dubius dubius (Scopoli, 1763) (Figures 1 A, 3 A, 3 B, 6 A –6 C, 7 A, 8 H, 12 A)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Germany: “ Hercynia ” [ Hercynian Forest], 1♀ (ZISP).   France: Îlede-France: Seine-et-Marne,  Forêt de Fontainebleau, 1J (MNHN);   Région Bourgogne-Franche-Comté: Côte-d’ Or,  Moloy, VI.1936, 1♀ (MNHN);   Provence-Alpes-Côte d’ Azur: “FOR. MORIERES [ Forêt Domaniale des Morières] VAR”, coll. A. Jung, 1J, 1♀ (MNHN);   Mimet,  chaîne de l’ Étoile, 25.VII.1973, 1J (MNHN);   Roquefort-les-Pins,  prairie, 26.VII.1983, 1♀ (MNHN).   Spain: Aragon: Province of Huesca,  Los Mallos [de Riglos], 28.V.1981, 1♀ (MNHN).  Italy: Lombardy: Lecco, 28.V.1934 (Passauro), 6♀ (ZISP).  Ukraine: Zhytomyr Prov.:  vicinity of Zhytomyr, 21.VI.1897 (Birula), 1♀ (ZISP);   Vinnytsia Prov., “Podol’ sk.[aya] gub.[erniya], Mogil.[evskiy uezd]”,  Verkhovka Stllm ., 8.VI.1901 (Chekini), 1J (ZISP).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Larger. Membrane whitish, subtransparent (Figure 1 A). Apex of sensory process of paramere truncate, trapezoidally or rectangularly rounded (Figure 3 A, 3 B). Apex of conjunctival ventral lobe widened, rhomboid, with lateral denticles clearly visible in ventral view; posterior margin of lobe dorsal wall clearly visible in ventral view at extreme apex (Figure 6 A –6 C). Length of denticle on spicule basal plate at dorsolateral lobes greater relative to length of spicule: distance from apex of denticle to apex of spicule less than length of denticle (Figure 7 A).</p><p>Measurements</p><p>Body 6.85–8.60 in length, 4.10–5.40 in width; pronotum 3.75–4.95 in width; head 1.65–1.92 in width; ocular index 2.98–3.66; length of antennal segments I–V: 0.35–0.42: 0.53–0.78: 0.64–0.94: 0.91–1.18: 1.01–1.18.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Southern (except Portugal), Western (except Belgium and the Netherlands), Eastern (except Belarus and Russia), and Northern (probably Lithuania) Europe. The subspecies was recorded also from Asian Turkey, Lebanon, Iran, Israel, Morocco and also doubtingly from Cyprus, Syria, Algeria and Egypt (Lis 2006). Apparently, the subspecies is absent in North Africa, and its distribution in Asia Minor and the Near East is very questionable and needs to be clarified. For example, modern records of  C. dubius for Turkey are based on the identification of specimens without studying the genitalia; this follows from the fact that special notes about studying the genitalia are given only for  Legnotus picipes (Fallén, 1807) (Yazici et al. 2015) and the species of  Odontoscelis Laporte, 1833 and  Eurygaster Laporte, 1833 (Fent &amp; Aktaç 2009).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/385C87B6FFFC0E53FC3CFEE4FAD2FF10	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gapon, Dmitry A.	Gapon, Dmitry A. (2018): Morphology of male and female terminalia and taxonomic revision of the burrower bugs genus Canthophorus (Heteroptera: Cydnidae). Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N. S.) 54 (3): 183-228, DOI: 10.1080/00379271.2018.1467788, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2018.1467788
385C87B6FFFD0E4AFC16FE84FDBDFCFE.text	385C87B6FFFD0E4AFC16FE84FDBDFCFE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Canthophorus dubius subsp. sanigarum Gapon 2018	<div><p>Canthophorus dubius sanigarum n. ssp. (Figures 1 B, 3 C, 3 D, 4 A, 4 B, 6 D – 6 I, 7 B, 8 I, 9 A, 9 B)</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype: Russia: Krasnodar Terr.: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=40.21053&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.675808" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 40.21053/lat 43.675808)">Krasnaya Polyana</a> [43°40 ʹ 32.9 ʺ N 40°12 ʹ 37.9 ʺ E], “07.. ... .. V.” [2.V.1916] (Kiritshenko), J (ZISP).</p><p>Paratypes: Russia: Krasnodar Terr.:  Tuapse, 11.VI. [?] (Glusow [?], coll. Kiritshenko), 1♀ (ZISP);   Tuapse, Pauk Vill., “Sev.-Kav. Kraystazra” [ North-Caucasian Regional Plant Protection Station], 8.VIII.1925 (M. Korsakova), 1J (ZISP);  Ashe, 23.VI., 11.VII.1913 (Nasonov), 2♀ (ZISP); Krasnaya Polyana, “07.. ... .. V.” [2.V.1916] (Kiritshenko), 4J, 1♀ (ZISP), 1J, 1♀ (MNHN);  Nebug, 16.VIII.1924 (Gittermann), 1J (ZISP).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Smaller. Membrane brownish, not transparent (Figure 1 B). Sensory process of paramere apically not truncated, narrowly or widely smoothly rounded (Figure 3 C, 3 D). Conjunctival ventral lobe at apex slightly widened, subrhomboid or widely rounded; denticles on its lateral walls hardly visible or absent, dorsal wall of lobe at its apex not visible in ventral view (Figure 6 D – 6 I). Length of denticle on spicule basal plate at dorsolateral lobes less relative to length of spicule: distance from apex of denticle to apex of spicule longer than length of denticle (Figure 7 B).</p><p>Variability</p><p>In specimen from Tuapse, ventral lobe wider, its apex convoluted as tube, without lateral denticles (Figure 6 G – 6 I); perhaps this is a teratism.</p><p>Measurements</p><p>Body 6.15–8.35 in length, 3.80–5.15 in width; pronotum 3.35–4.50 in width; head 1.48–1.76 in width; ocular index 3.44–4.00; length of antennal segments (I – V): 0.34–0.41: 0.50–0.66: 0.56–0.76: 0.84–1.01: 0.94–1.09.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The subspecies epithet is given by the name of the tribe  Sanigs, Σάνηγας or Σανίγες in the ancient Greek spelling, which was inhabiting the type locality of the subspecies in the Antiquity period: “...Σάνηγας δὲ καὶ Λαζοὺς ἐποίκους εἶχον τὰ χωρία...” [Memnon of Heraclea. History of Heracleia, 37]; “Ἐνθένδε εἰς Ἀχαιοῦντα στάδιοι ἑξήκοντα, ὅσπερ ποταμὸς διορίζει Ζιλχοὺς καὶ Σανίγας” (“From here [Masaitica Riv.], it is sixty stadia to Achaeunte [Ashe or Shakhe Riv.], where the river separates the Zygii and the  Sanigs ”) [Arrian. Periplus Ponti Euxini, 15].</p><p>Distribution Figure 15. Krasnodar Territory of Russia (Black Sea coast and foothills).</p><p>Canthophorus melanopterus (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1835) (Figures 1 C, 1 D, 2 A, 2 B, 3 E, 4 C –4 H, 6 J –6 M, 7 C –7 F, 8 A –8 G, 9 C, 9 D, 12 B, 13 A –13 J, 14 A – 14 I)</p><p>Cydnus melanopterus Herrich Schaeffer 1835: 55 [syntypes: Spain; lost].</p><p>Sehirus dubius var. nigra Vidal 1950: 43,  n. syn.</p><p>Tritomegas melanopterus niger: Stichel 1961: 675.  Canthophorus melanopterus niger: Lis 1999.</p><p>Canthophorus melanopterus: Asanova 1964: 143.</p><p>Description Lateral margin of pronotum and corium with yellowish narrow stripe; anterior angles of ventrites and connexival laterotergites with yellowish spots. Metapleural evaporatorium with long and curved peritreme. Membrane brownish or whitish.</p><p>Pygophore slightly longer than wide; its lateral walls deeply concave in middle of length (Figure 2 A); dorsal infolding long, strongly concave in middle of width; dorsal wall short (Figure 2 B).</p><p>Paramere. Hypophysis curved dorsad rather less strongly than in previous species, so that apex of hypophysis not visible in outer view (Figure 3 E).</p><p>Aedeagus (Figure 4 C). Ventral lobe of conjunctiva slightly protruding beyond apical margin of theca, slightly tapering or slightly widening at apex in ventral view; apex of lobe rounded, without lateral denticles; ventral wall of lobe rooflike, strongly elevated in apical part, with longitudinal narrow carina (Figure 6 J, 6 L); in lateral view, apical part of lobe wide, carina on its ventral wall protruding beyond apical margin of lobe as denticle (Figure 6 K, 6 M); sometimes apical margin of lobe with two small notches on either side of carina (Figure 6 L, 6 M). Apical lobes of conjunctiva long, protruding beyond dorsoventral plane of apical half of conjunctiva, basally directed dorsolaterad, in middle curved posteroventrad. Vesica with more or less long and thin membranous lateral branch originating before middle of vesica at acute angle to its longitudinal axis and lying most often on its right side; pointed apex of lateral brunch directed to apex of vesica (Figure 4 D –4 H). Dorsolateral lobes of conjunctiva long, with bases not separated from each other by impression; they directed dorsoanteriad and curved to each other by apices. Inner wall of each lobe before apex with sclerotised plate passing into spicule basal plate. Apices of spicules directed to each other and dorsad. Spicule basal plate on inner end with two triangular denticles (Figure 7 C –7 F) directed dorsomediad.</p><p>Gynatrium (Figure 8 A, 8 B). Posterior pouches located behind posterior margin of gynatrial sac, approximately as long as wide or slightly wider than long in dorsal view, with rounded posterior margin. Walls of pouches thicker and more rigid than in  C. dubius; inner wall of each pouch sloped and slightly concave. Each pouch containing shaped sclerite inside (Figures 8 B, 12 B, 13 A –13 J, 14 A – 14 F, 14 H, 14 I), rarely poorly visible as very thin plate along anterior inner margin of pouch (Figure 14 G). Anterior part of gynatrial sac long and wide. Spermathecal duct with very short basal part, relatively long, porrect median part, slightly more than twice as long as distal part; sometimes proximal part elongated, attaining one third of length of shortened medial part having almost spherical shape. Tubular proximal part of spermathecal capsule gyrose and clearly longer than transverse diameter of spherical distal part (Figure 9 C, 9 D). First rami widely varying in shape and width without any geographical regularity: sharply or smoothly widening anteriorly, with rectangularly or smoothly rounded or skewed anterior ends (Figure 8 C –8 G).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/385C87B6FFFD0E4AFC16FE84FDBDFCFE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gapon, Dmitry A.	Gapon, Dmitry A. (2018): Morphology of male and female terminalia and taxonomic revision of the burrower bugs genus Canthophorus (Heteroptera: Cydnidae). Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N. S.) 54 (3): 183-228, DOI: 10.1080/00379271.2018.1467788, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2018.1467788
385C87B6FFE40E47FF05FCF2FC3AFDD0.text	385C87B6FFE40E47FF05FCF2FC3AFDD0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Canthophorus melanopterus subsp. melanopterus (Herrich-Schaeffer 1835)	<div><p>Canthophorus melanopterus melanopterus (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1835)</p><p>(Figures 1 C, 3 E, 4 C –4 G, 6 J –6 M, 7 C, 7 D, 8 A –8 G, 9 C, 12 B, 13 A –13 J, 14 A –14 G)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Without locality: “  316 ”, [date unknown] (A. Kuschakewitsch coll.), 1♀ (ZISP);   “  Fl. Bielaja ”, [date unknown] (A. Kuschakewitsch coll.), 1♀ (ZISP);   “  RussianGerman front ”, 1915 (Alexey Kiritshenko), 1♀ (ZISP);  “ Caucasus ”, [date unknown] (Barovskij), 1♀, [date unknown] (Stark), 1♀ (ZISP); “ NW Caucasus ”, [date unknown] (Stark), 1♀ (ZISP). Morocco: Oriental Prov., Oudjda, 1930 (coll. Sicard), 3J, 1♀ (MNHN); Souss-Massa-Drâa, Aourir env., 30°29′34 ʺ N 9°40′31.9 ʺ W, 6,7. VI.2015 (D.A. Gapon), 1♀ (ZISP). Algeria: “ Algérie. C[oll]. [A.F.] Morawitz [18]60.”, 1♀ (ZISP); Sidi-bel-Abbes, [date and collector unknown], 1♀ (ZISP);  Aurés Mts,  Djebel Chélia Mt., 1800–2000 m, 22.VI.1981 (Doguet S.), 1J, 2♀ (MNHN).  Tunisia: “ Tunisia ”, 10.VI.1913 (N.L. Pastukhov), 1J, 1♀ (ZISP);  Sousse Gov.,  Sidi el Hani, V.1884 [collector unknown], 1J, 1♀ (MNHN);  Sfax Gov.: “ Tunisie Mérid.”, Sfax et environs, III.1922 (G. Babault), 1♀ (MNHN);  “ Hachichina ” [ Al Hushayshinah], 13.V.1966 (coll. Hannothiaux), 1J, 1♀ (MNHN).  Libya: “ Env. de Tripoli ”, 1877 (Mouchez), 1♀ (MNHN). Egypt: “ Aegypt.”, [date and collector unknown], 1♀ (ZISP); “ Egypt ”, [date unknown] (coll. Eversmann), 1♀ (ZISP); “ Egypte ”, “66–96” (Letourneux), 1J, 1♀ (MNHN). Spain: Andalusia, Almeria, 2.V.1952 (H. Coiffait), 1♀ (MNHN).  France: Provence-Alpes-Côte d’ Azur,  Nice, [date unknown] (G. V. Olsufjev), 1♀ (ZISP).  Italy: Sardinia, Asuni, 6–11.V.1900 (A. Krausse), 1J (ZISP);  Trieste Prov.,  Duino, 1933 (Passauro), 1J (ZISP).  Greece: “Graecia”, [date and collector unknown], 2♀ (ZISP);  Lake Kremasta env., “  de Houni à Karpenissi ”, 2. VII.1987 (A. Matocq), 1J (AMC);   Euboea Isl.,  Chalkis, III.1926 (Holtz), 1♀ (ZISP);  Athens, 3.III.1914 (Pastukhov), 1J, V–VI.1919 (L. Shelyuzhko), 2♀ (ZISP), 27.III.1937 (Zhenzhurist), 1J (ZMUM).  Slovenia: “91./  Cydnus dubius Carniol [ia;  Krajina]”, 1♀ (ZISP).  Serbia: Belgrade, Topčider, 17.VII.1927, 20.IV.1928 (V. Martino), 3♀ (ZISP).  Ukraine: Khmel’ nits’ kiy Prov.:  Kamenets-Podol’ skiy, 1907 (Yakubovskiy), 2♀ (ZISP);   Kamenets-Podol’ skiy env.,  downstream of Muksha Riv., 14.III.1911 (Yakubovskiy), 1♀ (ZISP);   Odessa Prov.: Khadzhibeyskiy Liman,  solonchak, 29.II.1920 (Alexey Kiritshenko), 1♀ (ZISP);   W coast of Khadzhibeyskiy Liman, 27.III.1921 (D.V. Znojko), 1♀ (ZISP);  Odessa, Lanzheron, 17.V.1922 (G. Tanfiljew), 1♀ (ZISP); Luzanovka, 22.VI.1925 (Kiritshenko), 1♀ (ZISP);  Mykolaiv Prov.: “Rakovskiy poselok” [ Rakovo Settlm .], 21.VIII. (D.V. Znojko), 1♀ (ZISP);   “Nov. [yy] Worms [5 km NE  Mostovoe Settlm .]”, “  Pervomayskiy okr.[ug] ”, 12.VI.1925 (A-y Kiritshenko), 1♀ (ZISP);  Kherson Prov.: Tendra Spit, VII.1898 (Birula), VII.1926 (Medvedev), 4♀ (ZISP);  “ Tavr.[icheskaya] g.[uberniya] Dnepr.[ovskiy] u.[ezd]”,  Nikolaevka, 12.IX.1903 (coll. Kiritshenko), 1♀ (ZISP);   “ mon.[astery of] Korsun, niz. Dnepra” [ Korsunka Settlm .], 27.VI.1926, 24.V.1928 (Medvedev), 3♀ (ZISP);  Askaniya-Nova, 28.IV.1927, summer 1928, 7.VIII.1929 (Medvedev), 3J, 2♀, 28.VI.1929 (A. Wulf), 1♀ (ZISP); Zaporizhia Prov.: Khortytsia I., 26.VII.1980 (T.G. Kokoreva), 1♀ (ZISP);  “ Altagir ” [Bogatyr’ Settlm.],  steep bank of Molochnaya Riv. estuary, 26.VII.1980 (T.G. Kokoreva), 1♀ (ZISP);  Kharkiv Prov. [?]: Lozovaya, 23.VIII.1902 (M. Semen [ov]), 1♀ (ZISP);  Donets’ k Prov.:  Velikiy Anadol forestry, under foliage, 15.VII.1905 [collector unknown], 1J, sweeping over grass, 24,28. VII.1905 [collector unknown], 2♀ (ZISP);  Mariupol, 28.IV.1933 [collector unknown], 1♀, 5.V.1933 (Zhenzhurist), 1J (ZMUM); “mely gorn. sosn.”, Svyatogorsk, 10.VI.1941 (Arnoldi), 1♀ (ZISP); Lugans’ k Prov.: Lugans’ k env., 28.V.1927 (Likhosherstov), 1♀ (ZISP), 7.V.1928 (V. Talitskiy), 1♀ (ZISP);  Baronskaya [railway] station, 29. VII.1929 (V. Talitskiy), 1♀ (ZISP);   “ Novocherk.[asskiy] okr. [ug] ”,  Proval’ e, 24.IV.1930 (V. Talitskiy), 3♀ (ZISP);   Autonomous Republic of Crimea: “Yuzhn. ber. Kryma [ south coast of Crimea]”, [date unknown] (Widhalm), 1♀ (ZISP);  Crimea, 11–12.VI.1900 (Ageenko), 1♀ (ZISP); Agarmysh Mts, [date unknown] (Kiritshenko), 2♀ (ZISP);  “ Bel’ bek” [Verkhnesadovaya] station of “Sevastopol ”  [Cisdnieper] railways, 30.V.1897 (N. Kusnetzov), 31.V.1909 (W. Pliginski), 2♀ (ZISP);  Alma [Riv.], 26.V.1899 (A. Bazhenov), 12.V.1907 (Kiritshenko), 2J, 6♀ (ZISP); Simferopol, 23.IV.1899 (A. Bazhenov), 8.IV.1907 (G. and K. Khristoforov), 2♀, 29. IX.1999 (I.S. Smirnov), 1J (ZISP);  valley of Salgir Riv. nr Simferopol, 23.IV., 1.VII.1899 (A. Bazhenov), 1J, 1♀ (ZISP);   Simferopol env., 10.IX.1922 (Redikorzev), 1♀ (ZISP);   Simferopol,  bank of Salgir Riv., 14.VII.1924 (Kiritshenko), 2♀ (ZISP);   Kastel’ Mt. nr Alushta, 22.VI.1900 (N. Kusnetzov), 2♀ (ZISP);   “ Mukhalatka Vill.” [ Oliva Settlm .], 4.VII, 7–8.VIII.1900 (Ageenko), 2♀ (ZISP);  Kerch, VIII.1901, 5.VII.1917 (A. Kiritshenko), 2♀, 25.III.1908 (Kiritshenko), 7.VIII.1915 (Alexey Kiritshenko), 2J (ZISP); Sebastopol, 4.VI.1901, 22,23.IV, 3,18,22,23. V.1905 (W. Pliginski), 10♀ (ZISP); “Kastropol’” [Beregovoe Settlm.], 30.VI.1902 (N. Kusnetzov), 1♀ (ZISP);  “ Taushan-Bazar ” [ Privol’ noe Settlm .], 4.VI., 7. VII.1907 (Grigor’ ev), 4.VI.1907 (W. Pliginski), 9♀ (ZISP);  Ay-Petri Mt., 7.VII.1907 (Klementz), 1♀ (ZISP);  N slope of Ay-Petri Mt., c. 900 m, 7.V.1999 (A.G. Koval), 1♀ (ZISP);  Eupatoria, VI– VII.1908 (Białynicki-Birula), 1♀ (ZISP); Feodosia, 16.VI.1908 (Muralevich), 1J (ZMUM);  “ Ulusala ” [ Sinapnoe Settlm .], 15. VI.1911 (A.M. Djakonov), 1♀ (ZISP);  Voronskaya dolina [valley], 6.VIII.1913 (E. Golovleva), 1♀ (ZISP); Chatyr-Dag Mts, 23.VI.1914 (W. Pliginski), 1♀ (ZISP); lower plateau of ChatyrDag Mts, 28.VI.1984 (A.K. Zagulajev), 1♀ (ZISP); Simeiz, 13,23. VI.1915, 12.VII.1926 (A. Kiritshenko), 3♀ (ZISP);  “ Limeny ” [ Goluboy Zaliv Settlm .], 27.VI.1915 (Kiritshenko), 1♀ (ZISP);   Kara-Dag Mt.,  NW slope of Karagach Mts, 4. VII.1915 (V. Vuchetich), 1♀ (ZMUM), 6.V.1985 (A.K. Zagulajev), 1J (ZISP);   “ Albat ” [ Kuybyshevo Settlm .], 26. VI.1924 (Kiritshenko), 1♀ (ZISP);  Sudak, 1.IX.1925 (Lukjanovitsh), 1♀ (ZISP); Ossoviny, 11.VI.1926 (Gordeev), 2♀ (ZISP);  “ Kikineiz ” [ Opolznevoe Settlm .], 29.VIII.1926, 4. IX.1927 (Kiritshenko), 2J (ZISP);   Staryy Krym, 7.V.1933 (B. Kusin), 1J (ZMUM), 30.V., 21.X.1947 (K. Arnoldi), 4♀ (ZISP);   Roman-Kosh Mt.,  Babugan-Yayla Mts, 19.VI.1947 (K. Arnoldi), 1♀ (ZISP);   Mokryy Indol Settlm., 9 km N “  Saly ” [ Grushevka Settlm .], 15.V.1948 (K. Arnoldi), 1J (ZISP);  Gurzuf, 25. VII.1948 (K. Arnoldi), 1♀ (ZISP); Nikita Botanical Garden, 20.IV.1989 (D.R. Kasparyan), 1J (ZISP).  Russia: Rostov Prov.: “ Kugeyskie [khutora] ” [ Kugeyskoe rural Settlm .], on ground, 7.IV.1917 [collector unknown], 2J, 2♀ (ZISP);   Man’ kovo-Berezovskaya sloboda, 28.IV.1925 ( Yu. Antova), 1J (ZISP);  Tselina Settlm., 23.VII.1930 (Lubischew), 1♀ (ZISP);  Rostov-na-Donu,  Solov’ inaya roshcha [grove], 22.VI.2000 (S. Petrushchenko), 1♀ (ZISP);  Razdorskaya Vill. env., 7–10, 25–28.VII.2001 (A. Ponomarenko), 10.VII.2002 (E.A. Khachikov), 2J, 1♀ (ZISP); khutor Pukhlyakovskiy, slopes, steppe meadow, 17.VI.–1.VII.2003 (D.A. Gapon), 13–25. IV.2004 (A.V. Ponomarenko), 3J, 1♀ (ZISP); Krasnopartizanskiy Settlm., 27.VI.2003 (D.A. Gapon), 1J (ZISP);  Kalitvenskiy forestry,  khutor Novonikolaevka env., 16–29.VII.2008 (D.A. Gapon), 1♀ (ZISP);   Volgograd Prov., “ Sarepta ” [ Volgograd], [date unknown] (Becker), 1♀ (ZISP);   Republic of Kalmykiya,  Elista, 22.VI.1934 (Lukjanovitsh), 1♀ (ZISP);   Krasnodar Terr.:  Ashe, 14,19. VI.1904 (Borodin), 2♀ (ZISP);   “ Sosnovka, 9 verst [9.6 km] N Ekaterinodar [ Krasnodar]”, 1905 (N. Vorob’ ev), 1♀ (ZISP);  Krasnyy Les Settlm., 1910 (N. Bryanskiy), 1♀ (ZISP); gorge with spring nr Gelendzhik, 1.VII.1910 (Vorob’ ev), 2♀ (ZISP);  Gelendzhik, [date unknown] (N. Vorob’ ev), 2♀ (ZISP), VIII–IX.1934 (S. Nikulin), 1♀ (ZMUM), 24,16. VI.1948 (Kryzhanovskij), 2♀ (ZISP);   Mar’ ino, 1912 (Sakhnovskiy), 1♀ (ZISP);   Krasnaya Polyana, “07.. ... .. V.” [2.V.1916] (Kiritshenko), 3J, 2♀ (ZISP);  Khosta, VIII.1927 (S. Nikulin), 1J, 3♀ (ZMUM);  Republic of Adygea, Maykop,  Kurdzhips Riv., 17,15. V.1933 (Shaposhnikov), 2♀ (ZMUM);   Stavropol Terr.: “  Stavr. L Fig ” [Stavropol?], [date unknown] (coll. V. Jakovlev), 1♀ (ZISP);  Stavropol, [date unknown] (Bryanskiy), 1♀ (ZISP), 19–23.IV, 20.VI.1914 (B. Uvarov), 1♀ (ZISP); Pyatigorsk, [date unknown] (Pr. E. Pavlov), 2♀ (ZISP); Mineral’ nye Vody, VI–VII.1894 (N. P. Odintsov), 1♀ (ZISP);  N and S slopes of  Mashuk Mt. nr Pyatigorsk, 15.IV.1908 (Skorikov), 2♀ (ZISP);   Lokhmatyy kurgan [ Lokhmataya Mt.], W peak of Beshtau Mt., 31.V.1908 (Gerasimov), 1♀ (ZISP);  Byk Mt. nr Zheleznovodsk, 20. VI.1908 (A.P. Gerasimov), 1♀ (ZISP);  Krasnogvardeyskiy Distr., 7 km NE  Ladovskaya Balka Vill ., 10.VI.1982 (B.A. Korotyaev), 1J, 2♀ (ZISP);   Republic of Dagestan: “Khodzhal-makhi” [Levashinskiy Distr.,  Khadzhalmakhi], 17.VI.1944 (Rjabov), 1♀ (ZISP);  30 km NW Rutul, 25.VII.1983 (I.M. Kerzhner), 1♀ (ZISP).  Georgia: Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia:  Novyy Afon, 12.VIII.1898 (O. Birula), 1♀ (ZISP);   ravine of Bagade [nr  Kodori Valley ?], 28.VII.1932 (Borchsenius), 1J (ZISP);   Bzyb Range, left bank of  Bzyb Riv., 6 km upstream of confluence with Gega Riv., 2.VII.2001 (Yu.G. Arzanov), 1♀ (ZISP);   Samtskhe-Javakheti:  Sadgeri, 29.VI.1897 [collector unknown], 1♀ (ZISP);   Benara 19 km W  Akhaltsikhe, 23.VI.1949 (Kiritshenko), 4♀ (ZISP);   Tbilisi, “ behind German colony of Alexanderdorf near Tiflis [ Tbilisi]”, 23.IV.1990 (Satunin), 1♀ (ZISP);   Kakheti,  Vashlovani [Nat. Park], 13. V.1975, 25.V.1977 (O.L. Kryzhanovskij), 1J; 5♀ (ZISP).   Armenia: Lori Prov., “ Kirovakan ” [ Vanadzor], 22.V.1958 (V. Zaitzev), 2♀ (ZISP);  Aragatsotn Prov., Burakan, 13.VII.1946 (Rikhter, Ter-Minassjan), 1♀ (ZISP);  Kotayk Prov.: “ Vokhchaberd ” [ Voghjaberd Vill .], 1938 (Rikhter, Ter-Minassjan), 2♀ (ZISP);   Dzhervezh Settlm. O Yerevan, 12. V.1938 (A. Rikhter), 1J [paratype of  C. mixtus], “ № 201–938”, 23.V.1938 [collector unknown], 1♀, 14.VII.1952 (Ter-Minassjan), 1♀, 12.IV., 13.V.1958 (V. Zaitzev), 17♀, 4, 9. V.1960 (G.M. Dlussky), 2♀ (ZISP), 20–24, 25.VI.1960 (G. Victorov), 2J (ZMUM);  ravine of Dzhervezh, 1380 m, 9. V.1955 (Loginova), 1♀ (ZISP); Monastery of Geghard, 6. V.1947 (Rikhter, Ter-Minassjan), 1♀ (ZISP);  Yerevan: “  № 201– 392 ”, 22.V.1938 [collector unknown], 1936 (S.A. Chernov), “zoo”, 12.V.1958 (V. Zaitzev), 3♀ (ZISP);   Ararat Prov.: Vedi Riv., upstream of “Chimankend” [ Urtsadzor Vill .], 1947 (Rikhter, Ter-Minassjan), 1♀ (ZISP);   “ Karabakhlar ” [Nerkin Karabakhlar = Urtsadzor], “  Khosrov Forest” [State Reserve], 13.V.1955 (M. Loginova), 1♀, 31.V.1972 (E. Sugonyaev), 1♀ (ZISP);  Tigranashen env., N39°48.366 ʹ E44°58.297 ʹ, 1685 m, 19. VII.2014 (M.G. Volkovitsh), 1J (ZISP);  Vayots Dzor Prov.: “r. Arpa-chay (vost.) [Arpa Riv.] bl. [nr]  Pashal. [? Pashalu = Zaritap] mosta [bridge]”, 2–6.VII.1937 (Rjabov), 1♀ (ZISP);   Gerger [ Herher], “Azizb.”, 15.VI.1957 (L. Zimina), 1♀ (ZMUM);   gorge of  Arpa Riv. nr Vernashen Settlm., 4.VI.1958 (V. Zaitzev), 1♀ (ZISP);  Syunik Prov.: Meghri env., 5.VI.1982 (A.V. Gorochov), 2J, 2♀ (ZISP);  Meghri on Arax Riv., “ № 201– 392”, 2.V.1938 [collector unknown], 1♀ (ZISP).   Azerbaijan: Qazakh Distr., Alpoud Settlm., “Gyugazan [ Göjäzän] Mt.”, 11. V.1960 (G.M. Dlussky), 1♀ (ZISP);  Ganja, 20.VII.1933 (Lukjanovitsh), 1J, 1♀ (ZISP); Shusha, 12.VI.1933 (Lukjanovitsh), 1♀ (ZISP);  Lerik Distr., Govdara Vill. [17 km NNE  Lerik town], 9.VII.1909 (Kiritshenko), 2J, 1♀ (ZISP);   Lenkoran Distr., “  mont. Talysh Savdara Kreis Lenkoran ”, 9. VI.1909 [collector unknown], 3♀ (ZISP);   Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic: Babek Distr., nr [Yuxarı] Buzgov Settlm.,  Daralagezskiy Range, 35 km N Nakhchivan, 20. VI.1985 (M.G. Volkovitsh), 1J (ZISP);   Shahbuz Distr., “Tyurkesh” [ Türkeş], 18–26.VII.1937 (Rjabov), 1♀ (ZISP);   Ordubad Distr.:  Paraga NW of Ordubad, 25.VI., 28.VII.1933 (Znojko), 2♀ (ZISP) [paratypes of  C. mixtus];  ChananabParaga, 28.V.1957 (Trjapitzin), 1♀ (ZISP); 11 km E Ordubad, spring with garden and desert with slope, 29.IV.1972 (D.R. Kasparyan), 1♀ (ZISP);  valley of Araxes nr Ordubad, 27. VI.1974 (M.G. Volkovitsh), 1J (ZISP);   Nukus nr Ordubad, 3. IV.1976 (M.G. Volkovitsh), 1J (ZISP);   “Akulis” [ Ashaghy Aylis Vill .] nr Ordubad, 14.V.1976 (V.A. Rikhter), 1♀;   4 km S Bilav, old sparse  Salix &amp; “Polyurus” [Paliurus] forest along river, 1200 m, in litter &amp; logs, 23.VI.1983 (S. Golovatch), 1J (ZISP).   Turkey: Mersin Prov., Gülek, “  Taur.[us Mts] Cilic. [ian Gates]”, 1897 (Holtz), 1J (ZISP);  Tunceli Prov., nr Pülümür, 26–27.V.2010 (E.A. Khachikov), 1♀ (ZISP);  Van Prov.,  shore of Lake Van near Akdamar I., 9.VI.2009 (D. Gapon), 1♀ (ZISP);  Bitlis Prov., Van-Bitlis Yolu nr Tosunlu N38°27.245′ E042°32.494′ 1785 m, 9.VI.2009 (D.A. Gapon), 1♀ (ZISP); Bitlis Muş Yolu N38°33.187′ E042°05.851′ 1570 m, 10.VI.2009 (D.A. Gapon), 1J (ZISP). Syria: “ Syria ”, Homs, 15.V.1988 (M. Garib), 1J (ZISP).  Israel: Southern Distr.: “Bet Gaddi” [ Beit HaGadi], 4–6.V.1966 (Trjapitzin), 2♀ (ZISP).  Kazakhstan: West Kazakhstan Prov.: Dzhanibek, 28.IV.1953 (K. Arnoldi), 1♀ (ZISP); Atyrau Prov.: “Gur’ evskiy uezd Ural’ skaya oblast’” Dossor, 25.VII.1927 (Denisova), 1♀ (ZISP).</p><p>26 D. A. Gapon</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Membrane brownish, opaque (Figure 1 C); only in one examined specimen from South Anatolia membrane slightly smoky, almost white and transparent. Yellowish rib on lateral margins of pronotum and corium broader than base of antennal segment II. Vesica with long membranous lateral branch except North African and Syrian specimens having short brunch. Spicule basal plate on dorsolateral lobes of conjunctiva with narrow distal denticle (Figure 7 C, 7 D). Posterior pouches of gynatrial sac approximately as long as wide (Figures 8 B, 12 B), sometimes slightly shortened, but rather long posteriorly (beyond dorsal inner margin). Sclerites inside pouches usually symmetrical, cone- or cup-shaped, somewhat varying in size (Figures 8 B, 12 B, 13 A); in specimens from North Africa and Southern Europe, sometimes in specimens from south of Eastern Europe and Caucasus, they differentiated into anterior and posterior parts of different shapes (see below), often sharply asymmetrical or represented only by anterior lamellate part lying parallel and close to anterior inner wall of pouch (Figures 13 B – 13 J, 14 A –14 G). Tubular part of spermathecal capsule 2–3 times as long as transverse diameter of spherical part (Figure 9 C).</p><p>Measurements</p><p>Body 5.10–8.35 in length, 3.10–4.90 in width; pronotum 2.65–4.35 in width; head 1.29–1.81 in width; ocular index 2.69–3.68; length of antennal segments I–V: 0.27–0.41: 0.45–0.66: 0.52–0.87: 0.78–1.06: 0.84–1.05.</p><p>Geographic variability</p><p>The nominotypical subspecies evinces polymorphism in the structure of the genitalia of males and especially females, namely, in relative length of lateral branch of vesica, shape of spicula at dorsolateral lobes of conjunctiva, and shape and size of sclerites in posterior pouches of gynatrial sac. The distribution of forms described below is shown in Figure 16.</p><p>All males examined can be divided into two forms according to the relative length of the lateral branch of vesica.</p><p>In males from North Africa [Morocco, Oudjda, 1930, coll. Sicard, 3 males. Algeria, Aurés, Djebel Chelia, 22. VI.1981, Doguet S., 1 male. Tunisia: Sidi el Hani, V.1884, 1 male; Al Hushayshinah, coll. Hannothiaux, 1 male. Egypt: “Egypte”, “66–96”, Letourneux, 1 male] and male from Syria, lateral branch of vesica distinctly shortened (Figure 4 G). Lateral branch in remaining males distinctly long, 2.6–3.4 times as long as vesica [the vesici in the specimens from Italy were not examined since their aedeagi was prepared and severely damaged by the previous researcher, but these specimens have the usual, not narrowed spicules at dorsolateral lobes (vide infra), and relying on this it can be assumed that the Italian specimens also had the long lateral branch of vesica]. In males from North Africa, spicule at dorsolateral lobes of conjunctiva uniformly narrow or very slightly widened subapically, with almost straight outer margin before apex (Figure 7 D); in all males, except for three specimens from Syria, Egypt and Morocco, spicule less strongly curved than in other specimens examined. In specimens from remaining part of natural habitat of the species, spicule rather strongly widened subapically and curved, with distinctly convex outer margin before apex.</p><p>The females examined can be divided into six forms by the shape of sclerites in the posterior pouches of the gynatrial sac.</p><p>Form 1. In specimens from Ukraine, Russia, Transcaucasia, Turkey and Israel, sclerites of conical or cotyloid shape, not differentiated into parts, with broad margin faced anteriad in dorsal (Figure 8 B) or postero-inner (Figure 12 B) view. Usually these sclerites large, occupying almost entire cavity of pouch, but sometimes decreased in varying degree (e.g. as in Figure 13 A) without obvious geographical regularity. Two specimens from Kazakhstan, [Dzhanibek, 28.IV.1953, K. Arnoldi] and Russia [Stavropol, Bryanskiy] possessing unusual short, widely cotyloid sclerites.</p><p>Form 2. Both sclerites or only right sclerite divided into two parts. Anterior part subconical or cotyloid; posterior part flask-shaped, conical, cotyloid or of different shape and connected or closely adjacent to anterior part.</p><p>In female presumably from Slovenia [“91./  Cydnus dubius Carniol ”], sclerites symmetrical (Figure 13 B); anterior part of each sclerite shaped as broad and rather long cone; posterior part resembling a flask with narrow neck directed anteriad and rather small dilated part rounded in dorsal view and having anterior inner wall elongated into triangular process directed ventrally in postero-inner view.</p><p>In female from France [Nice, G.V. Olsufjev], pouches rather strongly elongated (Figure 13 C). Anterior parts of sclerites cotyloid, wide and short; posterior part within right pouch flask-shaped, large, approximately as long as wide, with triangular projection along ventral inner wall of pouch and with neck connected with anterior part of sclerite; within left pouch, posterior part of sclerite absent.</p><p>In specimen from Dagestan [30 km NW Rutul, 25. VII.1983, I.M. Kerzhner] (Figure 13 D), anterior parts of sclerites large and conical; posterior part of right sclerite small, conical, directed posteriad by its apex and connected with anterior part of sclerite by narrow short ligament; posterior part of left sclerite shaped as plate lying along inner margin of anterior part of sclerite, connected with anterior inner angle of latter, thickened at posterior end connected with convex wall of anterior part of sclerite by short ligament and bearing process directed ventromediad.</p><p>In specimen from Stavropol Territory of Russia [N and S slopes of Mashuk Mt., Pyatigorsk, 15.IV.1908, Skorikov], sclerites similar to those of previous specimen, with difference that anterior parts of sclerites somewhat narrowed posteriorly; posterior part of right sclerite with directed dorsad lamellar projection on outer margin from dorsal side; left sclerite without posterior part.</p><p>In specimen from Ukraine, Crimea, [Alma Riv., 26. V.1899, A. Bazhenov] (Figure 13 E), sclerites similar to those of two previous specimens: anterior parts of sclerites subconical; posterior part of right sclerite large, broadly conical, with apex directed posteriad, anteriorly connected by weakly sclerotised ligament with anterior part of sclerite; left pouch without posterior part of sclerite, with small weakly sclerotised patch on inner wall near pouch apex. Another specimen from Ukraine [Mariupol, 28.IV.1933, collector unknown] with anterior parts of sclerites as in previous specimen and with symmetrical, large, broadly conical posterior parts adjacent to anterior parts.</p><p>In specimen from Armenia [ravine of Dzhervezh, 9. V.1955, Loginova] (Figure 13 F), anterior parts of sclerites cotyloid, short and broad; posterior part of right sclerite shaped as spacious conical sclerotised area occupying entire pouch space in apical third and widely adjacent to anterior part of sclerite; posterior part of left sclerite transverse, with widely rounded posterior margin, closely adjacent to anterior part of sclerite in inner part, with short process anterior to narrowed inner end. Sclerite in left pouch of another specimen from Armenia [Geghard, 6. V.1947, Rikhter, Ter-Minassjan] similar to right sclerite of previous specimen, with large conical posterior part closely adjacent to cotyloid anterior part; posterior part of right sclerite absent.</p><p>In one more specimen from Armenia [Dzhrvezh O of Yerevan, “No. 201–938”, 23.V.1938, collector unknown] (Figure 13 G), anterior parts of sclerites large, subconical; posterior part of right sclerite large, hemispherical, closely adjacent to anterior part of sclerite, with acute-angular process directed anteroventrad; posterior part of left sclerite in the form of rather narrow, hook-shaped process connected with anterior part of sclerite and directed posteroventrad.</p><p>Form 3. Anterior parts of sclerites in dorsal view shaped as very thin, weakly sclerotised plates perpendicular to sclerite longitudinal axis and lying parallel to anterior inner wall of pouch; posterior parts of sclerites flask-shaped, slightly larger and more elongated than in specimen of previous two forms.</p><p>In female from Morocco [nr Aourir, 6,7. VI.2015, D.A. Gapon] (Figure 13 H), sclerites symmetrical, anterior lamellar parts small, posterior parts of sclerites without processes. In specimen from Egypt [“Egypt”, coll. Eversmann] (Figure 13 I), anterior lamellar parts of sclerites larger, necks of flask-shaped posterior parts wider than in specimen from Morocco; neck of left sclerite just behind anterior lamellar part with process directed towards inner corner of pouch, widened part of left sclerite slightly smaller than the same of right sclerite. In female from Algeria [“Algérie”, 1860, Coll. A.F. Morawitz] (Figure 13 J), both sclerites slightly sclerotised, with rather large lamellar anterior parts and asymmetrical posterior parts; right sclerite flask-shaped narrower posteriorly than in previous specimens, with very narrow neck and without process; left sclerite shaped as narrow straight band strongly narrowing anteriorly.</p><p>Form 4. Anterior parts of sclerites as in form 3; posterior parts strongly reduced or absent.</p><p>In female from Tunisia [Sfax and environs, III.1922, G. Babault] (Figure 14 A), anterior parts of sclerites in the form of well visible large plates; posterior part of right sclerite shaped as short narrow band strongly narrowing anteriorly and connecting with anterior part of sclerite; posterior part of left sclerite small, transversely rounded and separated from anterior part. In another specimen from Tunisia [Sidi el Hani, V.1884] (Figure 14 B), small area of very weak and poorly visible sclerotisation lying behind well visible, rather large anterior lamellar part of left sclerite; right sclerite without posterior part. Pouches in both females from Tunisia shortened. In female from Libya [“Env. De Tripoli”, 1877, Mouchez] (Figure 14 C), anterior parts of sclerites represented by rather large plates, well visible in dorsal view; posterior parts of sclerites absent.</p><p>Form 5 combines characters of the forms 1, 3 and 4. Sclerites significantly asymmetrical, with large, more or less wide posterior parts and thin, more or less developed plates corresponding to anterior parts of sclerites, closely adjoining to wide anterior margins of posterior parts and lying parallel to anterior inner wall of pouch.</p><p>In female from Algeria [Sidi-bel-Abbes] (Figure 14 D), posterior part of left sclerite large, transverse, with rounded posterior margin; posterior part of right sclerite diminished, subtriangular; anterior platelike parts of sclerites almost not developed. Female from Tunisia [10.VI.1913, N.L. Pastukhov] (Figure 14 E) with posterior part of left sclerite of the same shape as in previous specimen, but smaller; posterior part of right sclerite as long as wide, greatly diminished, with rounded posterior margin; anterior platelike parts of sclerites quite distinct, especially in right pouch. In another female from Tunisia [Al Hushayshinah, coll. Hannothiaux] (Figure 14 F), posterior parts of sclerites elongated, rather weakly sclerotised, and asymmetrical, wide in left pouch and narrow in right one; anterior platelike parts of sclerites distinct.</p><p>Form 6. In one female from Morocco [Oudjda, 1930, coll. Sicard], two from Algeria [Aurés, Djebel Chelia, 22. VI.1981, Doguet S.], two from Egypt [“Egypte”, “66–96”, Letourneux; and “Aegypt.”] (Figure 14 G), and one female from Andalusia [Almeria, 2.V.1952, H. Coiffait], sclerite within each pouch shaped as rather small, almost transparent plate with poorly appreciable dorsal rib looking as very thin strip in dorsal view; in view from anterior inner wall of pouch, contours and weak sclerotisation of plate barely appreciable.</p><p>For the time being, it is not possible to ascertain the taxonomic significance of the listed characters and the taxonomic status of the described forms due to a scarcity of the examined material from Southern and Western Europe.</p><p>Notes on synonymy</p><p>Canthophorus melanopterus niger (Vidal, 1950) was erected as a variety  Sehirus dubius var. nigra distinguished by completely black body dorsum, some points of which in the transverse depression of the pronotum sometimes with blue or purplish luster, and by the rather deep (“assez accentuée”) transverse depression of the pronotum. The described by two specimens collected at Mount Bou Iblan in the Middle Atlas at an altitude of 2500–2800 m. Vidal left his type specimens in Rabat, and for a long time the types of this author were not available for examination. They remain such now and probably should be considered lost. Wagner (1956) distinguished this variety by the colour and the deep transverse depression on pronotum and noted that he found only a few specimens with the black dorsum among more than 1000 specimens examined by him. Subsequently, this raised to the subspecific status by Stichel (1961).</p><p>I did not find any significant differences in the colour and relief of the pronotum between examined North African specimens of  C. melanopterus from the collections of MNHN and ZISP (including specimens collected at an altitude of 1800–2000 m in Algeria) and specimens from other parts of the species natural habitat. The darkest specimens were two from Egypt, but they have the metallic luster of the entire body dorsum. And in general, the darkest specimens of  C. melanopterus, which I saw and which mostly correspond to the diagnosis of Vidal’ s variety, originate from the Crimea [Mokryy Indol Settlm., 15.V.1948 (Arnoldi), 1J; Staryy Krym, 30.V.,1947 (Arnoldi), 1♀; Simferopol, 14.VII.1924 (Kiritshenko), 1♀. These specimens were labeled in the ZISP collection as], and the depth of the transverse depression on the pronotum is slightly variable irrelatively of the distribution of individuals. In view of these reasons, I consider the name  Canthophorus melanopterus niger pertaining to the rare colour (and perhaps, highmountainous) place this name in synonymy with  Canthophorus melanopterus melanopterus .</p><p>Distribution</p><p>North Africa, Southern Europe, France, Austria, Eastern Europe (in Russia, only the south of the European part), Transcaucasia, Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Jordan and European part of Kazakhstan (Lis 2006). The record of the species for North-East China, as mentioned by Lis (2006) with a question mark, probably should be recognised as erroneous.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/385C87B6FFE40E47FF05FCF2FC3AFDD0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gapon, Dmitry A.	Gapon, Dmitry A. (2018): Morphology of male and female terminalia and taxonomic revision of the burrower bugs genus Canthophorus (Heteroptera: Cydnidae). Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N. S.) 54 (3): 183-228, DOI: 10.1080/00379271.2018.1467788, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2018.1467788
385C87B6FFE90E40FCF8FDC4FF73FC7F.text	385C87B6FFE90E40FCF8FDC4FF73FC7F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Canthophorus melanopterus subsp. contrarius (Wagner 1956)	<div><p>Canthophorus melanopterus contrarius (Wagner, 1956) (Figures 1 D, 4 H, 7 E, 14 H)</p><p>Sehirus melanopterus contrarius Wagner 1956: 195 [holotype: male, Cyprus, Troodos].</p><p>Canthophorus melanopterus contrarius: Lis 1999.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Cyprus: Troodos, N34°56.138 ″ E032°53.830 ″, 24.V.2006 (A. Matocq), 1J (AMC); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.831566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.95015" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.831566/lat 34.95015)">Prodromos vill.</a>, N34°57.009 ″ E032°49.894 ″, 1386 m amsl, 25.V.2006 (A. Matocq), 1J, 1♀ (AMC) ;   “ Ischelé, Plage de Trichomos” [ İskele District, Trikomo], 24.V.2007 (A. Matocq), 2J (AMC) ;   Château de Buffavento, 23.V.2007 (A. Matocq), 3J, 1♀ (AMC)  .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Membrane whitish, subtransparent or slightly smokybrownish (Figure 1 D). Yellowish rib on lateral margins of pronotum and corium broader than base of antennal segment II. Lateral branch of vesica short or very short (Figure 4 H). Spicule basal plate at dorsolateral lobes of conjunctiva with narrow distal denticle (Figure 7 E). Posterior pouches of gynatrial sac approximately as long as wide and rather long posteriorly (beyond dorsal inner margin); sclerites inside pouches large, symmetrical, hemispherical, and strongly sclerotised (Figure 14 H). Tubular proximal part of spermathecal capsule 2–3 times as long as transverse diameter of spherical distal part.</p><p>Measurements</p><p>Body 5.35–8.00 in length, 3.10–4.60 in width; pronotum 2.8–3.90 in width; head 1.32–1.68 in width; ocular index 3.53–4.00; length of antennal segments I–V: 0.28–0.38: 0.52–0.64: 0.52–0.67: 0.78–0.91: 0.81–0.95.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Wagner (1956) distinguished his new subspecies from the nominotypical one by the smaller body size (body length 5.00– 6.15 in males and 6.20–6.70 in females), slenderer proportions (body length twice greater than body width), whitish membrane, smaller parameres with smaller, narrower hyphophysis and wider sensory process, and thinner, more acute spicule (“grosse Haken”) at dorsolateral lobes of conjunctiva. I could not find any significant differences of C. m. contrarius in the structure of parameres, and the spicules in the specimens examined by me are slightly thicker than in most of the examined specimens belonging to the nominotypical subspecies. The thicker spicule of C. m. contrarius can be seen also in the drawing of Wagner. Perhaps he meant the denticles (“kleine Zaehne”) on the spicule basal plate; in his figure 23, they are shown to be shorter and thinner, but the length and shape of these denticles actually vary somewhat, and the specimens I have studied from Cyprus have virtually the same denticles as in specimens of C. m.  melanopterus . The dimensions and proportions of the body, as seen on the material examined, also do not have diagnostic significance.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Cyprus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/385C87B6FFE90E40FCF8FDC4FF73FC7F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gapon, Dmitry A.	Gapon, Dmitry A. (2018): Morphology of male and female terminalia and taxonomic revision of the burrower bugs genus Canthophorus (Heteroptera: Cydnidae). Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N. S.) 54 (3): 183-228, DOI: 10.1080/00379271.2018.1467788, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2018.1467788
385C87B6FFEE0E40FF50FC60FB5DF96B.text	385C87B6FFEE0E40FF50FC60FB5DF96B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Canthophorus melanopterus subsp. mariae Gapon 2018	<div><p>Canthophorus melanopterus mariae n. ssp. (Figures 7 F, 9 D, 14 I)</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype: Tajikistan: Varzob Distr., Gissar Range, Varzob Riv. valley, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=68.79058&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.815414" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 68.79058/lat 38.815414)">Kondara Gorge</a> [38°48 ʹ 55.5 ʺ N 68° 47 ʹ 26.1 ʺ E], 1110 m, 12.VII.1955 (Kulinich), ♀ (ZISP)  .</p><p>Paratypes: Tajikistan: Varzob Distr., Gissar Range, Varzob Riv. valley,  Kondara Gorge, 1110 m amsl, 22. VI., 5.VII.1938 (Gussakovskij), 1J, 2♀ (ZISP), 1♀ (MNHN) ;   Vahdat Distr., Gissar Range,  Romit Nat. Park, vicinity of “Romt” [Romit], 6–7.VI.1982 (G. Medvedev), 3J, 6♀ (ZISP), 1♀ (MNHN)  .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Yellowish rib on lateral margins of pronotum and hemelytra thin, narrower than base of antennal segment II; proximal tubular part of spermathecal capsule approximately 3–4 times as long as transverse diameter of distal spherical part of capsule (Figure 9 D); posterior pouches of gynatrial sac posteriorly strongly shortened; sclerotisation inside posterior pouches shaped as narrow, arcuately curved band with irregular margins, one end directed lateroposteriad and opposite end directed medioanteriad (Figure 14 I), or sclerotisation almost lost except for very thin, weakly sclerotised plate along anterior inner wall of pouch and visible as very thin band in dorsal view (as in form 6 of C. m.  melanopterus). The new subspecies is also distinguished from C. m. contrarius and Mediterranean specimens of C. m.  melanopterus by long lateral branch of vesica, and from C. m. contrarius by brownish, opaque membrane.</p><p>Variability</p><p>In two males from Kondara Gorge, distal denticle of sclerite basal plate at dorsolateral lobes of conjunctiva wider than in other examined specimens of the species (Figure 7 F). Among specimens from vicinity of Romit, one female with posterior pouches having in addition to arcuate sclerites, also a pair of large, formless longitudinal sclerites lying along anterodorsal margin of pouch and connected with posterior ends of arcuate sclerites; in another female, arcuate sclerites very narrow, connected by posterior end with very narrow sclerotised band lying along anterodorsal margin of pouch; in remaining females, arcuate sclerites rather wide and sclerotised band along anterodorsal margin of pouch poorly noticeable; in one female, right arcuate sclerite shorter and narrower than left sclerite; in two specimens, right arcuate sclerite large but weakly sclerotised, left arcuate sclerite absent. In two females from Kondara Gorge, arcuate sclerites absent and sclerotised bands along anterodorsal margins of pouches poorly noticeable.</p><p>Measurements</p><p>Body 5.65–7.90 in length, 3.35–4.8 in width; pronotum 3.05–3.95 in width; head 1.37–1.64 in width; ocular index 3.76–5.64; length of antennal segments I–V: 0.31–0.39: 0.49–0.60: 0.56–0.70: 0.80–0.98: 0.91–1.06.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The subspecies is named after Maria Berlina, the senior custodian of the Rhynchota collection in ZISP, who helped me in dissection of the female terminalia and was the first to see the diagnostic characters of this new taxon.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Figure 16. Tajikistan (Gissar Range).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/385C87B6FFEE0E40FF50FC60FB5DF96B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gapon, Dmitry A.	Gapon, Dmitry A. (2018): Morphology of male and female terminalia and taxonomic revision of the burrower bugs genus Canthophorus (Heteroptera: Cydnidae). Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N. S.) 54 (3): 183-228, DOI: 10.1080/00379271.2018.1467788, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2018.1467788
385C87B6FFEE0E41FC2FF979FBD4FC8B.text	385C87B6FFEE0E41FC2FF979FBD4FC8B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Canthophorus impressus (Horvath 1880)	<div><p>Canthophorus impressus (Horváth, 1880)</p><p>(Figures 1 E, 1 F, 3 F, 3 G, 5 A, 6 N, 6 O, 7 G, 7 H, 8 J –8 L, 10 A –10 C, 12 C, 12 D)</p><p>Sehirus impressus Horváth 1880: 184 [lectotype: female, Austria, Carinthia].</p><p>Canthophorus impressus: Signoret 1881: 657.</p><p>?  Canthophorus dubius var. brevipennis Signoret 1884: 56 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Lateral margins of pronotum and corium with yellowish narrow stripe; anterior angles of ventrites and connexival laterotergites with yellowish spots. Metapleural evaporatorium with long and curved peritreme. Membrane brownish or whitish.</p><p>Pygophore as long as wide, with lateral walls less concave, with shorter, less concave dorsal infolding, and with longer dorsal wall than in  C. melanopterus .</p><p>Paramere. Sensory process rather shorter and slightly more curved dorsally than in two previous species (Figure 3 F, 3 G).</p><p>Aedeagus (Figure 5 A). Ventral lobe of conjunctiva extending to but not protruding beyond apical margin of theca, rather broad, gradually and slightly narrowing apically in ventral view, at extreme apex rather broadly widened, with widely rounded lateral margins and sharply rounded lateroapical angles; apical margin of lobe with rather deep triangular notch and ventral surface of lobe near this notch with small triangular impression (Figure 6 N); in lateral view, lobe narrow (Figure 6 O). Curved apical part of conjunctiva slightly shorter than in two previous species. Apical lobes long, entirely lying in dorsoventral plane of apical part of conjunctiva, basally directed laterad and curved posteriad before middle. Vesica without lateral branch. Dorsolateral lobes short and rather narrow, with slightly spaced bases, separated by shallow depression, directed dorsolaterad and curved towards base of aedeagus. Walls of dorsolateral lobes without areas of sclerotisation at sides. Spicules at dorsolateral lobes moderately long, rather longer than in two previous species, but shorter than in remaining species, thin, slightly thickened at base and tapering to acute apices, smoothly or rather sharply arcuately curved in middle (Figure 7 G, 7 H), and directed dorsoposteriad. Spicule basal plate rather short, without denticles (Figure 7 G, 7 H).</p><p>Gynatrium (Figure 10 A). Posterior pouches of gynatrial sac lying anterior to or exactly on posterior margin of gynatrial sac, rather small, no more than 2 times longer than wide or as long as wide, with thick, widely rounded apical wall, and directed posteriad or lateroposteriad (Figure 10 B, 10 C). Dorsal walls of pouches at base not convex; interior walls without distinct sclerites, very rarely with only small shapeless areas of sclerotisation (as shown at Figure 10 B) [probably, these areas of sclerotisation are the result of injuring the walls of the posterior pouches by the aedeagal spicules during copulation]. Posterior wall of gynatrial sac near bases of pouches without convex areas (Figure 12 C, 12 D). Anterior part of gynatrial sac relatively shorter and narrower than in two previous species. Proximal part of spermathecal duct slightly longer than shortened median part or latter rather long and proximal part as long as or slightly shorter, less often strongly shorter than half of median part; distal part of duct approximately as long as half of median part or slightly longer than it. Proximal tubular part of spermathecal capsule 2–3 times as long as transverse diameter of its distal spherical part, curved, but not gyrose. First rami rather widened anteriorly, widely and evenly rounded (Figure 8 J), less often acute-angled (Figure 8 K) of narrowly rounded (Figure 8 L) at anterior ends.</p><p>In one female from Tuva, posterior pouches formlessly sclerotised apically, dorsal wall of left pouch with narrow longitudinal sclerotised line, dorsal wall of right pouch with isolated triangular sclerotised patch at base.</p><p>Notes on distribution</p><p>The species is recorded for the first time for Georgia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Kyrgyzstan, Russian Far East [?], and China (Sichuan) [?].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/385C87B6FFEE0E41FC2FF979FBD4FC8B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gapon, Dmitry A.	Gapon, Dmitry A. (2018): Morphology of male and female terminalia and taxonomic revision of the burrower bugs genus Canthophorus (Heteroptera: Cydnidae). Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N. S.) 54 (3): 183-228, DOI: 10.1080/00379271.2018.1467788, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2018.1467788
385C87B6FFEF0E42FCEAFC19FB64FAFF.text	385C87B6FFEF0E42FCEAFC19FB64FAFF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Canthophorus impressus subsp. impressus (Horvath 1880)	<div><p>Canthophorus impressus impressus (Horváth, 1880) (Figures 1 E, 3 F, 6 N, 6 O, 7 G, 8 J, 8 K, 10 A, 10 B, 12 C)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Without locality: “k. V. Yakovleva [V. Jakovlev coll.]”, [date unknown], 1♀ (ZISP); “  Sehirus dubius Scop. ”, [date and collector unknown], 1♀ (ZISP)  .  Germany: Bavaria, Bamberg, 31. V.1953 (Eckerlein), 1J (MNHN) .  Italy: Lombardia, Bormio, 1933 (Passauro), 1♀ (ZISP) .   Bulgaria: Sofia Prov., Vitosha Mt.,  Cherni Vrah, 4.VI.1954 [collector unknown], 2♀ (ZMUM)  .  Ukraine: Odessa Prov.: [?], forest, bottom of gully, 23.VII. [?] (D.V. Znojko), 1♀ (ZISP);   Odessa,  Khadzhibeyskiy Liman, 29.VII.1920 (Kiritshenko), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Luzanovka [Odessa], 22.IX.1920 (Kiritshenko), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Chernovo [Andreevo-Ivanovka Settlm.],  Tiligul Riv., 17.I.1921 (Znojko), 2♀ (ZISP) ;   Mykolaiv Prov.: “pered Rakovskim poselkom” [ Rakovo Settlm.], 21.VIII. [?] (D.V. Znojko), 1J (ZISP) ;  Trikraty Settlm., Arbuzin[ka] Riv., 1.IX.1923 (A-y Kirichenko), 1♀ (ZISP);  Poltava Prov.: Mirgorod, [date unknown] (Taranov), 1♀ (ZISP);   Poltava, 1926 (F. Lukjanovitsh), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Donetsk Prov.:  Velikiy Anadol forestry, sweeping over grass, 3.IV., 15. VI.1905 [collector unknown], 2J (ZISP) ;   Sviatogorsk, forest  Zaseka, 15.VI.1930 ( Arnoldi), 1♀ (ZISP);   Lugansk Prov.: Lisichansk, floodplain of  Borovaya Riv., 19.VI.1937 (Arnoldi), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Autonomous Republic of Crimea:  Ay-Petri Mt., 6. VI.1911 (I. Levandovskiy), 1♀ (ZISP) ,  19.X.1966 (K. Arnoldi), 1J (ZMUM);   Kerch’, 28.VI.1916 (A. Kiritshenko), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   “  yayla Besh-tekme ”, 15.VII.1927 (Kiritshenko), 1J, 1♀ (ZISP) ;  Krymskiy Nat. Reserve, 18,20,23. VIII.1936 (V. Geptner), 1J, 14♀ (ZMUM);   Roman-Kosh Mt.,  Babugan-Yayla Mts, 19. VI.1947 (K. Arnoldi), 3♀ (ZISP) ;   lower plateau of  Chatyrdag, 28.VI.1984 (A.K. Zaguljaev), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Demir-Kapu Mt., 10. VII.1948 (K. Arnoldi), 1J, 1♀ (ZISP)  .   Russia: Kursk Prov., Tsentral’ no-Chernozemnyy Nat. Reserve,  Streletskaya step’, V.1964 (K. Arnoldi), 1♀ (ZMUM) ;   Voronezh Prov., Kamennaya step’, 11 km S  Talovaya, 26.VI.1949, 27.VII.1935, (V. Stark), 2♀ (ZISP) [paratypes of  C. mixtus];   Rostov Prov., khutor  Abramovka, 8.VII.1949 (K. Arnoldi), 1J, 1♀ (ZMUM) ;   Krasnodar Terr.: “  Kubansk . obl.”, [date unknown] (V. Vorob’ ev), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Krasnodar, 12.IV.1911 (BogdanovKat’ kov), 1♀ (ZISP) ;  Dzhuga Mt., 15.VI.1911 (Volnukhin), 1♀ (ZISP);  Kubanskaya Settlm., 14.III.1934 (G. Zimin), 1J (ZISP);   Adyghe Republic, 15 km SW  Guzeripl’, 25,26. VI.1976 (E. Sugonjaev), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Stavropol’ Terr.:  Kislovodsk, 7.VI.1908 (coll. Kiritshenko), 1♀ (ZISP) ;  Bashanta, 21.VIII.1914 (Uvarov), 1♀ (ZISP);   Essentuki,  Belyy ugol’, at hills, 21.VIII.1960 (E.S. Sugonjaev), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Strizhament Mt., 30 km S Stavropol’, 6. VII.1994 (V.A. Krivokhatskiy), 1J (ZISP) ;   Beshtau Mt., Beshtaugorskiy Nat. Reserve, 15.VI.2010 (D. Gapon), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Karachay-Cherkess Republic, glacier in vicinity of Teberda, valley of  Muhu Riv., 5.VIII.2013 (V. Golub), 1J (ZISP) ;   Kabardino-Balkar Republic, “Gundelen” [ Kendelen Settlm.], 24.VII.1926 (Berg), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Republic of North Ossetia-Alania: Il Mt. [ Sapitskaya budka] SE Vladikavkaz, 26. IV.1886 (Ananov), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Republic of Ingushetia,  Salgi, “5462′”, 1.VII.1927 (Kiritshenko), 2J (ZISP) ;  Chechen Republic, st. Grebenskaya, 27.V.1960 (Tanasiychuk), 1♀ (ZISP);   Republic of Dagestan, “Darg.[inskiy] okr.[ug] ”,  Khodzhal-Makhi [Khadzhalmakhi Settlm.], 25.VI.1926 (Rjabov), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Orenburg Prov., “Orb” [ Orenburg] (Eversmann coll.), 2♀ (ZISP) ;   Chelyabinsk Prov. [?], [Chelyabinsk?],  Kashtak, 18.V.1936 (S. Rodionoff), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Krasnoyarsk Terr., “Tomsk. gub, Mar. u.”,  Elizavetinskiy vinokurennyy zavod [distilling factory]”, Bogotol’ skiy Distr.,  Krasnyy zavod Settlm., 15–30.VI.1903 (coll. Kiritshenko), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Altai Republic, Ongudayskiy Distr., 10 km SE Seminsky pass, nr  Tuekta Riv., c. 1300 m, 16. VI.1999 (A.G. Kirejtshuk), 1J (ZISP) ;   Republic of Tyva, Sosnovka, “kkh. [kolkhoz] Kr[asnyy]. part[izan]”.,  O Tannu-Ola Mts, 2,3.VII,1948 (Dyatlova), 2♀ (ZISP) ;   Irkutsk Prov.,  Padun  Settlm. [Bratsk] “na Verkhney Tunguske” [on  Angara Riv.], [18]67 (Chekanovskiy), 1♀ (ZISP)  .   Georgia: “  Swanetia ” (A. Kuschakewitsch coll.), 1♀ (ZISP)  .   Kazakhstan: [Kazakhstan?], “  r.[Riv.] Sarysu, 3.200”, 10.VIII.1961 (Gauzer), 2♀ (ZMUM) ;   Karaganda Prov., Kent Mts SE  Karkaralinsk, 21.VII.1962 (L. Arnoldi), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   East Kazakhstan Prov., Tarbagatay, urochishche  StaroPyatigorskoe, mountain meadow, 1.VII.1962 (I.M. Kerzhner), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Almaty Prov., Syugatinskie Mts, urochishche  Kokpek [nr Nura Settlm.], 3.VIII.1948 (Bey-Bienko), 1♀ (ZISP)  .   Kyrgyzstan: Issyk-Kul Prov.: “Przheval’ sk” [Karakol] env., “  Semir.[echensk] Prov. ”, [before1922] (A.F. Andreeva), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Dzhety-oguz, E shore of  Issyk-Kul, 7.VII.1930 (M. Berg), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Dzhergalan Riv., 5.VI.1942 (A. Lubischew), 1♀ (ZISP)  .   Mongolia: Khentiy Prov.,“Syutszukte, yu.-v. Kentey s.-z. Urga ” [ Sutszukte, NW of Ulaanbaatar], 1–24.V.1824, 25.IV– 11.V., 11–31.V.1825 (Kozlov), 1J, 2♀ (ZISP)  .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Membrane whitish, subtransparent (Figure 1 E). Sensory process of paramere sharply rounded at apex (Figure 3 F). Spicule at dorsolateral lobes of conjunctiva rather sharply curved in middle (Figure 7 G). Posterior pouches of gynatrial sac comparatively long, appreciably longer than wide, with narrowed base (Figure 12 C) or of the same width all over; their bases lying somewhat anterior to posterior margin of gynatrial sac; if bases of pouches lying close to posterior margin of gynatrial sac then inner margins of pouches not looking as prolongations of posterior margin and the latter distinguishable under pouches (Figure 10 A, 10 B).</p><p>Variability</p><p>Proximal part of spermathecal duct most often as long as or longer then shortened median part; in some specimens, proximal part shorter than median part. In females from Mongolia, posterior pouches slightly shortened.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>One female corresponding to the diagnosis of the nominotypical subspecies by the whitish membrane, shape, length and position of the posterior pouches was collected south of the general southern boundary of the subspecies natural range, in Transcaucasia (Svanetia).</p><p>Measurements</p><p>Body 5.55–8.10 in length, 3.45–5.20 in width; pronotum 2.90–6.10 in width; head 1.33–1.71 in width; ocular index 3.52–3.67; length of antennal segments I–V: 0.29–0.38: 0.39–0.64: 0.50–0.71: 0.64–0.98: 0.69–0.99.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Central (except the Netherlands), southern (except Portugal and Greece) and eastern (except Hungary and Belarus; in Russia, centre and south of European part) Europe, Great Britain, Sweden, Russian Western and Eastern Siberia, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia (Lis 2006).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/385C87B6FFEF0E42FCEAFC19FB64FAFF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gapon, Dmitry A.	Gapon, Dmitry A. (2018): Morphology of male and female terminalia and taxonomic revision of the burrower bugs genus Canthophorus (Heteroptera: Cydnidae). Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N. S.) 54 (3): 183-228, DOI: 10.1080/00379271.2018.1467788, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2018.1467788
385C87B6FFEC0E43FC3DFAEAFB49F9DF.text	385C87B6FFEC0E43FC3DFAEAFB49F9DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Canthophorus impressus subsp. hajastanicus Gapon 2018	<div><p>Canthophorus impressus hajastanicus n. ssp. (Figures 1 F, 3 G, 5 A, 7 H, 8 L, 10 C, 12 D)</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype: Armenia: Aragatsotn Prov., “gora Kizilziarat [<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.894306&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.270084" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.894306/lat 40.270084)">Gekhmakhan or Ziarat-Kizyl Mt.</a>, 40°16 ʹ 12.3 ʺ N 44° 53 ʹ 39.5 ʺ E]/Novobayaz.[etskiy] u.[ezd] Eriv.[anskoy] g. [ubernii]/[Ya.G.] Efremov. [1.VII. 1]909.”, ♀ (ZISP)  .   Paratypes: Georgia: Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti, Lebarde, “Sev.-Kav. Kraystazra” [ North-Caucasian Regional Plant Protection Station], 22.VII.1922 (N. Arkhangel’ skiy), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Samtskhe-Javakheti:  Tambovka nr “Toporovan” [Paravani] Lake, 26.VI.1909 (Berg), 1♀ (ZISP) ;  Bakuriani, 11.VI.1910 (Mlakosevich), 1♀ (ZISP);   gorge of Paravani Riv., 5 km upstream of  Akhalkalaki, 1950 m amsl, 24. VII.1980 (M.G. Volkovitsh), 2J, 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Armenia: Aragatsotn Prov.: “gora Kizilziarat [<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.894306&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.270084" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.894306/lat 40.270084)">Gekhmakhan or Ziarat-Kizyl Mt.</a>, 40°16 ʹ 12.3 ʺ N 44°53 ʹ 39.5 ʺ E]/Novobayaz.[etskiy] u.[ezd] Eriv.[anskoy] g.[ubernii]/[Ya.G.] Efremov. [1.VII. 1] 909.”, 4J, 7♀ (ZISP), 1♀ (MNHN) ;   upper reaches of Mantash Riv., “Alagez” [ Aragats Mt.], c. 2000 m amsl, 16. VI.1934 (Ter-Minassjan), 1J, 2♀ (ZISP), 1♀ (MNHN) [paratypes of  C. mixtus] ;   NW slope of “ Alagez ” [ Aragats Mt.] 3000 m, 29.VII.1935 (Rikhter), 1♀ (ZISP) [paratype of  C. mixtus] ;  Kotayk Prov., Agmagan[-Karadag], “pr. alp. Šiš- kara [?] 10,000”, 16.VII. [19]26, “pr. alp. Ciċagio [?] 9000”, 1.VIII. [19]26 (A. Schelk), 2J (ZISP);   Gegharkunik Prov.,  Lchashen Settlm. env., 2100 m amsl, 30.VII.1980 (M.G. Volkovitsh), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Syunik Prov., E slopes “Karutdzhukh” [ Kaputjugh] Mt., 2050–2700 m amsl, mountain steppe, alpine meadows, 17.VIII.1959 (V. Zaitzev), 1J (ZISP)  .  Azerbaijan: Ordubad (V. Jakovlev coll.), 1♀ (ZISP) .   Turkey: Ardahan Prov.,  Ardahan, 30.VI.1910 (Nesterov), 1♀ (ZISP)  .   Russia: Khabarovsk Terr.: Khor Riv., spurs of  Sikhote-Alin, 56 “verst” [60 km] from Amur Riv., 1909 (Efremov), 1♀ (ZISP)  .   China: Sichuan, “Sztschwah, Ta-tsien-lu” [Sichuan,  Kangding] (“St. Breuning ded.”), 1J (ZISP)  .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Membrane brownish, opaque (Figure 1 F). Sensory process of paramere rather widely rounded at apex (Figure 3 G). Spicule at dorsolateral lobes of conjunctiva smoothly curved in middle (Figure 7 H). Posterior pouches of gynatrial sac shorter than in nominotypical subspecies, as long as wide or slightly longer than wide, not narrowed at base, lying on posterior margin of gynatrial sac, with inner margins passing into the posterior margin (Figures 10 C, 12 D).</p><p>Variability</p><p>Proximal part of spermathecal duct shorter than or as long as, and sometimes (several specimens from Gegharkunik Prov.) longer than median part. In two females from Aragats Mt. and Lchashen, posterior pouches of gynatrial sac only slightly shorter than in nominotypical subspecies; in remaining specimens they much shorter; in another female from Aragats Mt., posterior pouches extremely small. Both posterior pouches in two females from Tambovka and Lchashen, and only right pouch in female from Bakuriani with small shapeless patches of sclerotisation inside. One female examined from China having brownish membrane corresponding to diagnosis of the new subspecies, and at the same time rather long posterior pouches with inner margins passing into posterior margin of gynatrial sac.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The single female examined from Khabarovsk Territory completely matches the diagnosis of the new Transcaucasian subspecies. The taxonomic position of Far Eastern populations of  C. impressus needs to be clarified, but as yet I place this specimen together with the Chinese female, partially corresponding to the subspecific diagnosis, in the new subspecies that can be polytopic. On the other hand, it is impossible to exclude erroneous labelling of these two specimens collected more than 100 years ago. The following data may be indirect evidence of mislabelling of these two specimens. Judging by the original labels from cotton pads, specimens from the vicinity of “Kizilziarat” Mt. and from the banks of the Khor Riv. were collected by different persons, by Ya.G. Efremov in the first case and by N.E. Efremov in the second case; based on the registration numbers on the original labels, these specimens were received in the ZISP in 1910; judging by the identity of the paper, handwriting and ink of the labels under all these specimens, they were mounted simultaneously by one preparator who may have confused the labels, and pinned under one specimen from Armenia the label for the Khabarovsk Territory, because of the identical surnames of the collectors. The doubt about the correctness of labelling in the case of the specimen from Sichuan is based on the fact that no more specimens of  C. impressus are known from northwestern, northern or north-eastern territories of China, and the distances to the nearest localities where the species was found in the north-east of Mongolia and in eastern Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan are more than 2000 and about 2500 km in a straight line, respectively.</p><p>Measurements</p><p>Body 4.70–7.15 in length, 3.10–4.30 in width; pronotum 2.55–3.80 in width; head 1.25–1.57 in width; ocular index 3.27–3.60; length of antennal segments I–V: 0.27–0.35: 0.35–0.55: 0.38–0.57: 0.53–0.77: 0.64–0.87.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The name is derived from the Latin Hajastania, denoting Armenia which included the largest part of the subspecies range in antiquity after the fall of the Achaemenid Empire.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Figure 15. Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Russian Far East[?], and China, Sichuan[?].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/385C87B6FFEC0E43FC3DFAEAFB49F9DF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gapon, Dmitry A.	Gapon, Dmitry A. (2018): Morphology of male and female terminalia and taxonomic revision of the burrower bugs genus Canthophorus (Heteroptera: Cydnidae). Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N. S.) 54 (3): 183-228, DOI: 10.1080/00379271.2018.1467788, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2018.1467788
385C87B6FFED0E7CFC19F9C5FB41FF11.text	385C87B6FFED0E7CFC19F9C5FB41FF11.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Canthophorus wagneri Asanova 1964	<div><p>Canthophorus wagneri Asanova, 1964 (Figures 3 H, 5 B, 6 P –6 S, 7 I, 7 J, 8 M, 8 N, 10 D, 10 E, 12 E)</p><p>Canthophorus wagneri Asanova 1964: 142 [holotype: male, Russia, Krasnodar Terr.,  Anapa]  .</p><p>Description</p><p>Lateral margin of pronotum and corium with yellowish narrow stripe; anterior angles of ventrites and connexival laterotergites with yellowish spots. Metapleural evaporatorium with long and curved peritreme. Membrane brownish, opaque.</p><p>Pygophore slightly longer than wide, with dorsal infolding and dorsal wall as in  C. impressus .</p><p>Paramere as in previous species, with rather short, apically widely rounded sensory process (Figure 3 H).</p><p>Aedeagus (Figure 5 B). Ventral lobe of conjunctiva extending to but not protruding beyond apical margin of theca; in ventral view, lobe narrowed at base, widening apically, at extreme apex rather strongly or slightly widened, rounded, with short carina on dorsal surface and impressions at sides of it (Figure 6 P, 6 R); in lateral view, lobe narrow (Figure 6 Q, 6 S). Apical part of conjunctiva slightly shorter than in previous species. Apical lobes of conjunctiva short, lying in dorsoventral plane of apical part of conjunctiva, at bases directed laterad and curved posteriorly in middle of length. Vesica slightly shorter than in previous species, without lateral branch. Dorsolateral lobes long and rather wide, straight, spaced basally, diverging in a V-shape, directed dorsolaterad and slightly posteriad. Anterior walls of dorsolateral lobes with weak sclerotised areas before apices. Each spicule extending from posterior wall of lobe apex, at base directed anteriad and slightly dorsad, apically directed mediad. Spicule long, sharply curved C-shaped and rather widened at base, having almost parallel margins slightly narrowing apicad in remaining part, and arcuately curving in varying degrees, with weak S-shaped bend before apex (outer margin of spicule here slightly concave, inner margin slightly convex); extreme apex of spicule sharply curved inwards and narrowly rounded (Figure 7 I, 7 J). Spicule basal plate long, occupying entire apex of lobe, at anterior end with one large, laterally flattened denticle curved at right angle and directed mediad by rectangularly rounded apex (Figure 7 I) or with more or less spear-shaped apex (Figure 7 J) directed dorsolaterad and anteriad.</p><p>Gynatrium (Figure 10 D). Posterior pouches of gynatrial sac lying beyond posterior margin of latter, wide, of same width all over and rather long, about 2.5–3 times as long as wide; they longer and wider than in  C. impressus, shorter and wider than in  C. mixtus . Pouches directed posterolaterad; in dorsal view, they are straight at all lengths, but sometimes lyrately curved at apices (in female from Gokcha, Figure 10 E). In posterolateral view, their dorsal wall convex at base (Figure 12 E). Posterior wall of gynatrial sac near outer margin of ring sclerites with convex areas clearly visible near base of each pouch in dorsal and slightly posterior view. Anterior part of gynatrial sac large, slightly smaller than in  C. dubius and  C. melanopterus . Basal part of spermathecal duct short, distal part slightly shorter than half of middle part of duct. Proximal part of spermathecal capsule about 1–2 times as long as transverse diameter of distal part. First rami strongly widened anteriorly, with obliquely truncated anterior end (Figure 8 M, 8 N).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/385C87B6FFED0E7CFC19F9C5FB41FF11	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gapon, Dmitry A.	Gapon, Dmitry A. (2018): Morphology of male and female terminalia and taxonomic revision of the burrower bugs genus Canthophorus (Heteroptera: Cydnidae). Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N. S.) 54 (3): 183-228, DOI: 10.1080/00379271.2018.1467788, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2018.1467788
385C87B6FFD20E7DFCCEFE84FC8DF929.text	385C87B6FFD20E7DFCCEFE84FC8DF929.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Canthophorus wagneri subsp. wagneri Asanova 1964	<div><p>Canthophorus wagneri wagneri Asanova, 1964 (Figures 3 H, 5 B, 6 P, 6 Q, 7 I, 8 M, 8 N, 10 D, 10 E, 12 E)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype: Russia, “ Anapa, Kub.[anskaya] obl.[ast’] 11.VI. 913. Vorob’ ev.”, J .</p><p>Paratypes. Russia: Stavropol’ Terr.:  Pyatigorsk, 20.IV.1912 (N.L. Pastukhov), 1♀ (ZISP) ;  Republic of Dagestan: Makhachkala, 12. X.1944 (Rjabov), 1J (ZISP);  “Temir-khanshura” [Buynaksk], 23.VI.1925 (Kiritshenko), 1♀ (ZISP)   Armenia: Tavush Prov.,  Dilijan, 7.VII.1931 (V. Popov), 1J (ZISP) ;   Vayots Dzor Prov., Kushchibelyak [Kechut Settlm.] 110 km NE  Erivan, 19.VII.1934 (Ter-Minassjan), 1J(ZISP)  .</p><p>Additional material. Russia: Krasnodar Terr.: NW Caucasus,  Novorossiysk [?][date unknown] (A. Starck), 1♀ (ZISP) ;  Krasnodar, V.191[?] [collector unknown], 1♀ (ZISP);   Gelendzhik, 1.VII.1910 (Vorob’ ev), 1♀ (ZISP), 10.VII.1956 (K. Arnoldi), 1♀ (ZISP), VIII–IX.1934 (S. Nikulin), 1♀ (ZMUM) ;  Armavir, 18.IX.1911 (Volnukhin), 1♀ (ZISP);  Anapa, 11.VI.1913 (Vorob’ ev), 1♀, V–VI.1924 (M. Bel’ govskiy), 1♀ (ZISP);   Krasnaya Polyana, “07.. ... .. V.” [2. V.1916] (Kiritshenko), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   10 km NW Dzhubga, bay of  Inal, 23.V.1985 (B.A. Korotyaev), 1J (ZISP) ;   26 km ESE Krasnodar, high bank of  Kuban’ Riv., 12.V.1990 (B.A. Korotyaev), 2♀ (ZISP) ;  Republic of Adygeya: “fl. Belaja ” [date unknown] (Bartholomey), 1♀ (ZISP);   Maykop,  Makhoshevskiy forest, 14.VI.1902 (Shaposhnikov), 1♀ (ZISP) ;  Maykop, 15.V.1932 (Shaposhnikov), 1J, 1♀ (ZMUM);  Abadzekhskaya Settlm., 4.X.1986 (N. Sinichenkova, V. Zherikhin), 1♀ (ZMUM);   Stavropol’ Terr.:  Pyatigorsk [date and collector unknown], 1♀ (ZISP) ;  Essentuki, 16.VI.1913 (Veshnyakov), 1♀ (ZISP), VI–VII.1950 (S. Nikulin), 2♀ (ZMUM);   Kabardino-Balkar Republic:  Nal’ chik, 15–17.VI.1917 (Bartenev), 1♀ (ZISP), 10.VII.1931 (Nikulin), 1J (ZMUM) ;   “ Gundelen ” [ Kendelen], 10.VII.1926 (Berg), 1 ♀ (ZISP) ;   Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, N spole of Il’ Mt. [ Sapitskaya budka] SE Vladikavkaz, 6.V.1886 (Ananov), 1♀ (ZISP) ;  Republic of Dagestan: Khasavyurt, 4. VI.1901 (Bekman), 1♀ (ZISP);  Makhachkala, 1,2.V., 8.VI.1925 (Kiritshenko), 5♀ (ZISP);   gorge of Avarskoe Koysu Riv., 14 km S  Sovetskoe [Khebda] Settlm ., 3.VI.1972 (Kasparyan), 2♀ (ZISP) ;   15 km SW  Sergokala Settlm ., dry meadow, 15. VII.1983 (I.M. Kerzhner), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   10 km E  Akhty Settlm ., 1000–2000 m amsl, steppes and meadows, 22.VII.1983 (I.M. Kerzhner), 1J, 2♀ (ZISP) ;   Kumtorkala,  Sarykum sands, 20 km WNW Makhachkala, 21.V.1992 (M.G. Volkovitsh), 1J (ZISP)  .  Georgia: Tiflis, 23.IV.1903 (Satunin), 1♀ (ZISP) .   Armenia: Lori Prov., “Kirovakan” [ Vanadzor], 8.VIII.1937 (Ter-Minassjan), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Tavush Prov.:  Dilizhan, 1.VII.1931 (A. Koton), 1♀ (ZISP) ;  Idzhevan, 23.V.1955 (Loginova), 1♀ (ZISP);   Aragatsotn prov., Kipchakh, NW slope of “ Alagez ” [ Aragats Mt.], 13.VI.1934 (Ter-Minassjan), 1♀ (ZISP) [paratype of  C. mixtus];   Gegharkunik Prov., NW shore of “ Gokchа ” [ Sevan] Lake, 24.V.1902 (Elachich), 1♀ (ZISP) ;  Erevan, 24. VI.1948 (Borchsenius), 1♀ (ZISP);   Ararat Province,  Khosrov Forest, 31.V.1972 (E. Sugonjaev), 2♀ (ZISP)  .  Azerbaijan: Khizi Distr., Altyagach, 1800 m amsl, 12.VII.1965 (Gidayatov), 1♀ (ZMUM) .   Turkey: Erzurum Prov., Sutkas def., c. 8 km S  Oltu, 10.VI.1997 (M. Volkovitsh), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Iğdır Prov.,  Kazikoparan [date unknown] (A.V. Xienzopolski), 2♀ (ZISP)  .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Ventral lobe of conjunctiva at extreme apex rather sharply widened and widely rounded in ventral view; dorsal surface of lobe apex bearing short longitudinal sclerotised carina with apical end visible in ventral view and large impressions at sides of carina (Figure 6 P, 6 Q). Spicule at conjunctival dorsolateral lobes (Figure 7 I) less widely curved basally and comparatively shorter: denticle on spicule basal plate extending far beyond middle of spicule length; beyond middle, spicule curved arcuately outwards rather weakly; extreme apex of spicule curved inwards relative to its axis so that outer margin of spicule before apex forms obtuse angle. Denticle on spicule basal plate rather short, curved at right angle in middle, with rectangular apex directed mediad.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>According to Asanova (1964), four males from her material differ from all the other males of the species in the shorter spicule, not curved before apex, and in the more massive base of denticle on the anterior end of spicule basal plate. I found in the ZISP collection only two males from the listed four, and they do not have the distinctions described by Asanova, like all the males examined by me from Armenia. On the other hand, Kment and Jindra (2005) pointed out that the dorsolateral lobes in specimens collected in Turkey have arming almost identical to those figured in Asanova’ s paper for the Armenian specimens.</p><p>Measurements</p><p>Body 5.00– 8.15 in length, 3.00– 4.8 in width; pronotum 2.65–4.35 in width; head 1.30–1.75 in width; ocular index 3.18–3.68; length of antennal segments I–V: 0.28–0.38: 0.46–0.67: 0.43–0.87: 0.76–0.97: 0.85–1.06.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Russia (Caucasus), Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan (Lis 2006), Turkey (Kment &amp; Jindra 2005), and Iran (Ghahari et al. 2009).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/385C87B6FFD20E7DFCCEFE84FC8DF929	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gapon, Dmitry A.	Gapon, Dmitry A. (2018): Morphology of male and female terminalia and taxonomic revision of the burrower bugs genus Canthophorus (Heteroptera: Cydnidae). Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N. S.) 54 (3): 183-228, DOI: 10.1080/00379271.2018.1467788, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2018.1467788
385C87B6FFD30E7EFF58F8BFFC8CFDCC.text	385C87B6FFD30E7EFF58F8BFFC8CFDCC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Canthophorus wagneri subsp. hyrcanicus Gapon 2018	<div><p>Canthophorus wagneri hyrcanicus n. ssp. (Figures 6 R, 6 S, 7 J)</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype: Turkmenistan, Balkan velayat, Magtymguly etrap, top of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=56.36947&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.521137" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 56.36947/lat 38.521137)">Syunt Mt.</a> [38°31 ʹ 16.1 ʺ N 56°22 ʹ 10.1 ʺ E], 3. V.1974 (G. Medvedev), J (ZISP)  .</p><p>Paratypes: Turkmenistan: Balkan velayat, Magtymguly etrap: “Khazly [?]” [ravine <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=57.091053&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.20486" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 57.091053/lat 38.20486)">Khozly at Sumbar Riv.</a> б 38°12 ʹ 17.5 ʺ N 57°05 ʹ 27.8 ʺ E], 13.VII.1973 [collector unknown], 1J (ZISP) ;  top of Syunt Mt., 3. V.1974 (G. Medvedev), 1♀ (ZISP);   Kopet Dag Mt. Range, “Kara-kala” [ Garrygala] env., 28.VII.1974 (Aksent’ ev), 1♀ (ZMUM) ;   Ahal velayat, Baharly etrap, gorge urochishche <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=57.136086&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.338917" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 57.136086/lat 38.338917)">Ipay-Kala</a> [38°20 ʹ 20.1 ʺ N 57° 08 ʹ 09.9 ʺ E], 19.VII.1973 (collector unknown), 1J (ZISP)  .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Ventral lobe of conjunctiva in ventral view slightly widening distally, its apex evenly rounded, with small notch in middle of apical margin; ventral wall of lobe in apical half with narrow desclerotised groove (Figure 6 R); dorsal wall of lobe entirely membranous, with barely noticeable carina and very small impressions at its sides (Figure 6 S). Spicule at conjunctival dorsolateral lobes (Figure 7 J) rather widely curved at base, long, protruding beyond apex of denticle on spicule basal plate slightly less than half of length; beyond middle, spicule curved strongly and sharply; extreme apex of spicule not curved, obliquely truncated. Denticle on anterior end of spicule basal plate longer than in nominotypical subspecies, more or less spear-shaped at apex, directed dorsolaterad and anteriad.</p><p>Measurements</p><p>Body 6.10–7.65 in length, 3.75–4.85 in width; pronotum 3.35–4.25 in width; head 1.47–1.71 in width; ocular index 3.41–3.68; length of antennal segments I–V: 0.32–0.39: 0.50–0.63: 0.57–0.70: 0.78–0.92: 0.87–0.98.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Asanova (1964) distinguished one Turkmenian male from the other specimens of  C. wagneri examined in her work by the shape of “the hook of penal appendage”, but she did not decide on an attribution of a taxonomic status to this “deviation” for want of material. The specimen examined by her (“Kara-Kala, Kopet-Dag, 26. V.1935 (Ushatinskaya), 1J”) is currently absent in the ZISP collection, but its spicule figured in Asanova’ s paper completely corresponds to the diagnosis of my new subspecies.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The subspecific epithet is derived from the Ancient Greek Ὑρκανία, the name of a satrapy in the Achaemenid Empire at the south-east coast of the Caspian Sea in the territory of present-day Northern Iran and the extreme south-west of Turkmenistan that encloses the type locality of the subspecies.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Figure 15. South-Western Turkmenistan (Western Kopet Dag).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/385C87B6FFD30E7EFF58F8BFFC8CFDCC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gapon, Dmitry A.	Gapon, Dmitry A. (2018): Morphology of male and female terminalia and taxonomic revision of the burrower bugs genus Canthophorus (Heteroptera: Cydnidae). Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N. S.) 54 (3): 183-228, DOI: 10.1080/00379271.2018.1467788, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2018.1467788
385C87B6FFD00E7EFEB3FDD8FB78FA21.text	385C87B6FFD00E7EFEB3FDD8FB78FA21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Canthophorus mixtus Asanova 1964	<div><p>Canthophorus mixtus Asanova, 1964 (Figures 3 I –3 K, 5 C, 6 T, 6 U, 7 K –7 S, 8 O –8 U, 11 A – 11 C, 12 F)</p><p>Canthophorus mixtus Asanova 1964: 140 [holotype: male, Kazakhstan, Karaganda Prov., 40 km S of Zhana-Ark [Atasu],  Koksengir Uplands; lost]  .</p><p>Description</p><p>Lateral margin of pronotum and corium with yellowish narrow stripe; anterior angles of ventrites and connexival laterotergites with yellowish spots. Metapleural evaporatorium with long and curved peritreme. Membrane brownish, opaque.</p><p>Pygophore slightly longer than wide, almost as in  C. melanopterus, but with less deeply concave lateral walls and slightly shorter, not concave dorsal infolding.</p><p>Paramere (Figures 3 I –3 K). Sensory process rather long, broadly or rather sharply rounded at apex. In specimen from Gyumri, hypophysis strongly curved inwards and sensory process more strongly bent dorsad (Figure 3 J).</p><p>Aedeagus (Figure 5 C). Ventral lobe of conjunctiva rather long, slightly protruding beyond apical margin of theca; in ventral view, apically not widened, almost rectangular, at sides of apex with two denticles directed distad and with triangular depression between them (Figure 6 T); in lateral view, lobe rather narrow (Figure 6 U). Apical part of conjunctiva slightly shorter than in  C. dubius and  C. melanopterus . Apical lobes rather long, directed dorsolaterad and curved posteriad. Vesica long, without lateral branch. Dorsolateral lobes rather short, straight, directed dorsolaterad and slightly posteriad, with spaced bases and rectangularly rounded apices in lateral view. Anterior walls of dorsolateral lobes subapically with weakly sclerotised areas. Spicule extending from posterior end of basal plate, longer then in all previous species and directed anteromediad by apices. Each spicule at base sharply curved in a C-shape, in distal part smoothly or rather sharply arcuately curved, gradually tapering to pointed, more or less straight or sometimes distinctly curved outwards apex (Figure 7 K – 7 S). Single denticle on anterior end of spicule basal plate short, triangular, pointed and directed anterolaterad.</p><p>Gynatrium (Figure 11 A). Posterior pouches of gynatrial sac lying anterior to its posterior margin, rarely right on margin, very long and narrow, 4–6 times as long as wide, of the same width almost all over, at extreme apices rounded and slightly widened (Figure 12 F). Basally pouches directed laterad, in middle sharply curved posteriad. Very rarely (in specimens from Azerbaijan, Kars and Altay Territory, Kamen’-na-Obi) pouches entirely straight (Figure 11 B); in one of the specimens examined (Bashkortostan, Aksenovo), left pouch curved while right one straight. Sometimes inner surfaces of pouches at apex or at place of bend irregularly sclerotised [probably, these areas of sclerotisation are the result of injuring the walls of the posterior pouches by the aedeagal spicules during copulation]. Anterior part of gynatrial sac usually rather large, only slightly smaller than in  C. dubius and  C. melanopterus . Proximal part of spermathecal duct slightly longer than in these species, but shorter than half of median part as well as distal part of duct; less often median part shortened and proximal part as long as half of its lengths. Proximal tubular part of spermathecal capsule 2–3 times as long as transverse diameter of distal spherical part. First rami usually rather strongly widened anteriorly and more or less rectangularly rounded (Figure 8 O –8 Q) at anterior ends, less often evenly or acutely rounded (Figure 8 R, 8 S) or triangular, with elongated inner angle (Figure 8 T, 8 U).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The holotype and allotype of  C. mixtus are absent in the ZISP collection; probably, Asanova left them in the Institute of Zoology in Alma-Ata, and by now they are lost (at least I have not received any response from Alma-Ata to my inquiries about the types). Data on the type series in the paper of Asanova (1964) are inaccurate; viewing the ZISP collection showed that she usually adduced only one of similar labels, and made many mistakes in dates and numbers of specimens. A significant part of the paratypes is currently missing in the ZISP collection.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/385C87B6FFD00E7EFEB3FDD8FB78FA21	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gapon, Dmitry A.	Gapon, Dmitry A. (2018): Morphology of male and female terminalia and taxonomic revision of the burrower bugs genus Canthophorus (Heteroptera: Cydnidae). Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N. S.) 54 (3): 183-228, DOI: 10.1080/00379271.2018.1467788, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2018.1467788
385C87B6FFD00E78FC3FF9B7FB3CFACA.text	385C87B6FFD00E78FC3FF9B7FB3CFACA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Canthophorus mixtus subsp. mixtus Asanova 1964	<div><p>Canthophorus mixtus mixtus Asanova, 1964 (Figures 3 I, 3 J, 5 C, 6 T, 6 U, 7 K –7 Q, 8 O –8 S, 11 A, 12 F)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Paratypes (ZISP). Ukraine: Kherson Prov., Aleshki, 29.VII.1923 (Kiritshenko), 1J, 7♀;   Donetsk Prov., Nyrkovo –  Vyemka, 20. VI.1937 (Arnoldi), 1♀  .  Russia: Voronezh Prov.: Kalach, 24, 25. VII. 1937 (Lukjanovitsh), 1♀;   Kamennaya step’, 11 km S of  Talovaya, 5.VI., 1.VII.1949 (Stark), 1J, 2♀ ;   Ternovka,  Saval’ skoe forestry, 27.VII.1951 (Stark), 1♀ ;   Volgograd Prov., “Sarepta” [ Volgograd], [date unknown] (Becker), 2♀ ;   Samara Prov.,  Syzran’, 11.IV.1909 (Fischer), 1♀ ;   Orenburg Prov.: [koumiss-treatment sanatorium] Tsarskiy dar “N. Sergievsk.” [ Novosergievka railway station], 30.V., 2, 13.VI.1906 (A. Grigorjev), 5♀ ;  Orsk, 26.IX.1935 (Chetyrkina), 1♀;  Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Ullu-Khurzuk Riv. 1400 m amsl, 11. VII.1935 (Djakonov), 1♀;  Chechen Republic, ChervlennayaUzlovaya railway station, 27.V.1921 (Rjabov), 1♀ .   Armenia: Shirak Prov.: “Kizilkoch” [ Ashotsk = Verin-Gukasyan] [date unknown] (Muljushenco), 2J, 3♀ ;   “ Leninakan ” [ Gyumri], 14. VII., 20.IX.1940 (Esterberg), 1J, 4♀ ;   40 km NE “ Leninakan ” [ Gyumri], 21.VII.1940 (Esterberg), 1J ;   Aragatsotn Prov.: Kipchakh Settlm., NW slope of “Alagez” [ Aragats Mt.], 6,13,17. VI.1934 (Ter-Minassjan), 2J, 10♀, 27.VII.1935 (Rikhter), 1♀ ;   Artik NW of “Alagez” [ Aragats Mt.], 8, 13,17. VI. 1934 (Ter-Minassjan), 9♀ ;   upper reaches of  Mantash Riv., c. 2000 m amsl, “Alagez” [Aragats Mt.], 16.VI.1934 (Ter-Minassjan), 1J, 2♀ (ZISP) ;   Kotayk Prov.:  Sukhoy Fontan Settlm., 18.VI.1909 (N.S. Bryanskiy), 1J, 1♀ ;   Dzhrvezh O Yerevan, 12.IV.1936 (Rikhter), 1J, 2♀, 28.IV.1948 (Rikhter, Ter-Minassjan), 1♀ ;   Gegharkunik Prov.: “Gokcha” [ Sevan Lake] [date and collector unknown], 3♀ ;   “ Novobayazetskiy uezd, Elenowka” [ Sevan], 28,31. V.1909 (N. Bryanskiy), 5♀ ;  Yerevan env., 18.V.1902 (Elachich, Klementovich), 5♀ .   Azerbaijan:  Nakhchevan’ [date unknown] (A. Kuschakewitsch coll.), 2♀ ;  Paraga NW Ordubad, 28.VII.1933 (D.V. Znojko), 1J .   Kazakhstan: West Kazakhstan Prov.: Khanskaya stavka,  RynPeski [date unknown] (Plyushchevskiy), 1♀ ;   Yanvartsevo, right bank of  Ural, 9,15. IX.1949 (Kiritshenko), 2J, 9♀ ;   Akmola Prov.:  Kokshetau, 19.VII.1958 (L. Arnoldi), 1J, 1♀ ;   floodplain of  Zharkol’ Lake 20.VII.1958 (Sokolova), 1♀ ;   East Kazakhstan Prov.: “Semipalatinsk Prov., Zaysan Uezd”, Chagan-Aba [ Chagan-Obo ?], 20–29.VI., 31.V., 9.VII.1910 (V. Karavaev), 1J, 3♀.</p><p>Additional material. Without locality:  Caucasus [date unknown] (Barovskij), 1♀ (ZISP)  .   Ukraine: Poltava Prov.:  Mekhedovka, 5.V.1909 (V. Kizeritskij), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Triby nr Poltava, 5.VIII.1937 (Lukjanovitsh), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Kharkiv Prov.:  Kremenets Mt. nr Izyum, 16.VI.1937 (Arnoldi), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Zakomel’ skaya railway station, 28.VI.1939 (Arnoldi), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Odessa Prov ..,  Kryzhanovka Settlm. nr Odessa, 5. VI.1924 (E. Kiritshenko), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Dnipropetrovsk Prov., Raevka Settlm.,  Sinelnikovskaya Experimental Station, 26. IV.1932 ( Talitskiy), 2J, 1♀ (ZISP);  Kherson Prov., Askaniya-Nova, summer 1928, 15.VIII. 1929 (Medvedev), 2♀ (ZISP);   Zaporizhia Prov.: Berdyansk Distr.,  Kostyrkin, 8 km E Elizavetovka railway station, 12.VI.1934 (A.N. Formozov), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Khortitsa I., 26.VII.1980 (T.G. Kokoreva), 1J (ZISP) ;   Donetsk Prov.: “Ekaterinoslav Governorate”,  Bakhmut, 30. VI.1924 (Lukjanovitsh), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   nr Artemovsk [ Bakhmut], 7. VII.1935 (V. Talitskiy), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   chalk rocks nr Prishib,  Svyatogorsk, 29.VI.1940 ( Arnoldi), 1♀ (ZISP);   Lugansk Prov.:  Luganskaya Vill ., 7.V.1928, 20.V.1935 (V. Talitskiy), 1J, 1♀ (ZISP) ;   [Krasnyy]  Derkul, 11.VII.1951 (K. Arnoldi), 1♀ (ZMUM), 22,25. VII.1956, 2♀ (ZISP) ;   Autonomous Republic of Crimea: “  yayla Besh-tekme ”, 15.VII.1927 (Kiritshenko), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Mokryy Indol, 9 km N Saly [ Grushevka, Settlm.], 15. V.1948 (K. Arnoldi), 1♀ (ZISP)  .   Russia: Bryansk Prov.,  Bryansk, [date unknown] (Maljushenco), 2♀ (ZISP) ;   Orel Prov.,  Shablykino Settlm., 18.VI.1941 (V. Vinogradov), 1J (ZMUM) ;   Lipetsk Prov.,  Galich’ ya gora, 25.VII.1964 (E. Antonova), 1♀ (ZMUM) ;   Penza Prov.: Serdobsky Distr., 7 km SW  Bayka Settlm., 12.V.2014 (Polumordvinov), 2♀ (ZISP) ;  Bessonovskiy Distr., 1 km W Chertkovo Settlm., 8.VII.2014 (Polumordvinov), 1♀ (ZISP);   Ul’ yanovsk Prov., Ul’ yanovsk,  Kindyakovka, 3. VIII.1966 (A. Lubischew), 1♀ (ZISP) ;  Samara Prov.: Zhiguli Mts, 27,29. VI.1926 (Dmitriev), 2♀ (ZISP);   Kinel’, 4.VII.1929 (A. Lubischew), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Belgorod Prov.: “St. N.-Borisovka Kursk Governorate Grayvoron Uezd” [ Novoborisovka railway station], 14.V.1927 (E. Pesotskaya), 2♀ (ZISP) ;   Malaya Mikhaylovka [Malomikhaylovka],  Nizhegol’ Riv., 2.VII.1957 (K. Arnoldi), 1♀ (ZMUM) ;   Aydar [Riv.?], chalky slopes, 27. VI.1958 (K. Arnoldi), 1J (ZMUM) ;  Rostov Prov.: Gorodishche Settlm., 25.VI.1911 (Miller), 1♀ (ZISP);  Persianovskiy Settlm., 3. VI.1915 (V. Kizeritskij), 1J (ZISP);  Rostov-na-Donu, nr brick factory, 14.VI.2000 (D.A. Gapon, Yu.G. Arzanov), 1♀ (ZISP);  Rostov-na-Donu, 16.VI.2000 (D.A. Gapon), 1♀ (ZISP);   Donskoy Natural Park, 19,20. VI.2008 (E. Khachikov), 1J (ZISP) ;   Kalitvenskiy forestry, nr Novonikolaevka Settlm., 16–29. VII.2008 (D.A. Gapon), 2J, 3♀ (ZISP) ;   Volgograd Prov.: “Sarepta” [ Volgograd], [date unknown] (Becker), 5♀, 1.VI., 1. V.1917 (N.N. Kuznetsov), 3♀ (ZISP) ;   “Sarepta” [Volgograd],  Chapurnikovskiy log, 17.V.1917, 1♀ (ZISP) ;  Kamyshin, 5, 14. VI.1949 (Loginova), 2♀ (ZISP);   Palasovskiy Distr.,  Vishnevka, under manure, 25.IV.1953 (K. Arnoldi), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Krasnodar Terr.: “Caucas. Arx Kn. M.” [?  Kavkazskaya fortress = stanitsa Kavkazskaya] [date and collector unknown], 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Khosta, VIII.1927 (S. Nikulin), 1♀ (ZMUM) ;   Stavropol Terr., Essentuki,  Belyy ugol’, on hills, 13.VIII.1960 (E.S. Sugonyaev), 1J (ZISP) ;   Chechen Republic:  Groznyy, 2.IX.1907 (A. Kiritshenko), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Starogladkovskaya, 9.VII.1927 (Kiritshenko), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Republic of Dagestan: “Petr.” [ Makhachkala], [date unknown] (V. Jakovlev), 5♀ (ZISP) ;  Khunzakh Settlm., 23.VI.1913 (A. Molokosevich), 1♀ (ZISP);   Akhty, 19.VII.1950 (A. Zaradskiy), 1♀ (ZMUM) ;   “Karanogayskiy rayon [Nogayskiy Distr.]  Groznenskoy oblasti”, 26.VIII.1953 (P. Rafes), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Adzhi Lake, 28,29. VII.1983 (I.M. Kerzhner), 2♀ (ZISP) ;   barkhan Sarykum NW Makhachkala, 24.IV.1990 (Korotyaev), 3♀ (ZISP) ;  Republic of Bashkortostan: Aksenovo railway station, “Belebey Uezd Ufa Governorate”, 19–22.VII.1908 (Grigorjev), 1♀ (ZISP);  “BGZ” [Bashkiriya Nature Reserve], Kazmash, 28.VII.1948 (Nasyrova), 1♀ (ZISP);   Orenburg Prov.: “Orb” [ Orenburg], [date unknown] (coll. Eversmann), 1♀ ;   Ashchebutak, 60 km S  Orenburg, 13.VIII.1933 (L. Zimin), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Altay Terr.: Ursul Riv., tributary of Katun’ Riv.,  Biysk, 31.V.1908 (A. Jacobson), 1J (ZISP) ;   vicinity of “g. Kamnya” [ Kamen’-na-Obi], 14.VI.1927 (K. Mamaev), 1♀ (ZISP) ;  Altay Republic: Onguday Settlm., 30.VI.–1.VII.1898 (Berezovskiy), 1♀ (ZISP);  20 km SE Onguday Settlm., 28.VI., 15,16. VII.1964 (Kerzhner), 4♀ (ZISP); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=83.03333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.133335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 83.03333/lat 51.133335)">Tigirekskiy Nat. Reserve</a> N 51°08 ʹ E 83°02 ʹ, 24. VI.2005 (A. Namyatova), 1J (ZISP) ;   Republic of Tyva: E shore of  Chagytay Lake, 18.VI.1980 (B.A. Korotyaev), 1J (ZISP) ;   3 km W of Salgy Settlm., under  Atraphaxis, 17.VII.1980 (B.A. Korotyaev), 1♀ (ZISP)  .   Georgia: Samtskhe-Javakheti, gorge of Paravani Riv., 5 km above  Akhalkalaki, 1950 m amsl, 24. VII.1980 (M.G. Volkovich), 1J (ZISP)  .  Armenia: “ Armenia ”, [date unknown] (A. Kuschakewitsch coll.), 1♀ (ZISP);   Lori Prov., “pr. Mis-chana” [canyon? of  Miskhana Riv.], 1924 [collector unknown], 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Spitak, 23.V.1958 (V. Zaitzev), 2♀ (ZISP) ;   Tavush Prov.,  Dilijan, 30.VI.1931 (V. Popov), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Aragatsotn Prov.: SW slope of  Aragats Mt., 2100 m, 1. VII.1940 (Esterberg), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   S slope of  Aragats Mt., above Karamushen Settlm., 27.VIII.1976 (A.B. Matveev), 1J, 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Kotayk Prov.: “Darytschi – Tschaih. Erivan. gub” [ Tsaghkadzor], 1878 (A. Brandt), 1♀, [date unknown] (Maljushenco), 1♀ (ZISP) ;  Dzhrvezh O Yerevan, “ № 201–938”, 24.IV., 8.V.1938 [collector unknown], 2J, 6♀ (ZISP);  Dzhrvezh, 12.VI.1958 (V. Zaitzev), 3♀ (ZISP);  Dzhrvezh, N slope of ravine, 3.V.1960 (G.M. Dlussky), 1J, 1♀ (ZISP);   Gegharkunik Prov.: “Elenowka [Sevan] (l.  Goktscha)”, VI.1879 (A. Brandt), 1♀, 5,6. VI.1902 (Elachich), 5♀, 22.VII.1927 (Djakonov), 1♀, 13. VI.1931 (V. Popov), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   NW shore of “ Gokcha ” [ Sevan Lake], 24.V.1902 (Elachich), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   “ Gokcha,  Kirda-bulag ”, 19.VI.1902 (Elachich, Klementovich), 2♀ (ZISP) ;   “Chebukhly [Tsovagyukh] Gokcha” [ Sevan Lake], N shore, 11.VI.1912 (Elachich, Klementovich), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   “lac. Gokĉa pr. Komadzor [ Gomadzor] 6500“, 2.XI.1925, 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Yerevan, 29–30. VI.1910 (Maljushenco), 2♀ (ZISP)  .  Azerbaijan: “Elisabethpol” [Ganja], 1♀ (ZISP);   Nakhchivan:  Chagla-dara Mt. nr Kaputjugh Mt., 1933 (Znojko), 2♀ (ZISP) ;   ” Nakhichevan ASSR ”,  Tirkesh Vill ., 18–26.VII.1937 (Rjabov), 2♀ (ZISP)  .   Turkey: Ardahan Prov.,  Ardahan, 30.VI.1910 (Nesterov), 4♀ (ZISP) ;   Erzurum Prov., “Olty” [ Oltu], 18.VII.1910 (Nesterov), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Kars Prov.:  Kars, 1,19,21.IV, 28.V.1915 (Olsufjev), 8♀ (ZISP) ;   Kars Kağizman Yolu <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=42.9546&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.27252" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 42.9546/lat 40.27252)">nr Pasli</a> N40°16.351′ E042°57.276′ 1763 m amsl, 4.VI.2009 (D.A. Gapon), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Iğdır Prov.,  Kazikoparan, [date unknown] (A.V. Xienzopolski), 4♀ (ZISP)  .   Kazakhstan: West Kazakhstan Prov.: Yanvartsevo, right bank of  Ural, 23. VI.1949 (L. Arnoldi), 2♀ (ZISP) ;   Dzhanibek Settlm., upper layer of soil under  Ribes aureum, under dry manure, 27.IV, 1,17,18,27.VI., 4,7. VIII.1953 (K. Arnoldi), 7J, 20♀ (ZISP) ;   Mangystau Prov., 10 km SE  Beyneu, 30,31. VII.1993 (M.G. Volkovich), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Kostanay Prov.:  Kostanay, 7.V.1915 (B. Karavaev), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   15 km SW of “Tasty” [ Tasty-Taldy] station, 1.VII.1960 (L. Arnoldi), 1♀ (ZISP) ;  Akmola Prov.: Atbasar, 25.VII.1948 (Formozov), 2♀ (ZISP);   “g. Kokshetau bl. [near – sic!] r.  Tersakkan [Riv.] W Akmol. ”, 13.VI.1957 (Rudolf), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   sovkhoz  Entuziast, [date and collector unknown], 1♀ (ZISP) ;   “ Tcelinograd Prov.”, sovkhoz Dvurechnyy, floodplain of  Ishym Riv., 27.VII.1961 (A. Chistyakov), 2♀ (ZISP) ;  East Kazakhstan Prov.: “ Melkosopochnaya Pavlod. uezd Semip. obl..”, 20–26.V.1914 (Rozhanets), 1♀ (ZISP);   Akshatau Mt. NW “Ayaguz” [ Ayagoz], 17.VII.1962 (L. Arnoldi), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Saur Mt. Range,  Temir-Su, 18 km SE Zaysan, 11.VI.1973 (E.L. Gurjeva), steppe, 16.VI.1973 (M.A. Kozlov), 2♀ (ZISP) ;   Saur Mt. Range, 1800–2000 m amsl,  mountain meadow, 12.VI.1973 (M.A. Kozlov), 1♀ (ZISP) ;  foothills of Saur Mt. Range, Temir-Su, 18 km SE Zaysan, steppe, 16.VI.1973 (M.A. Kozlov), 2J (ZISP);  South Kazakhstan Prov.: Boralday-Tau Mts, 3 km ENE Shakpak Baba N 42°31.501 ʹ E 70°35.507 ʹ 1099 m, 18.V.2015 (F. Konstantinov, N. Simov), 1♀ (ZISP);   Jambyl Prov.: Central Tian Shan, W Aksu-Dzhabagly [Nat. Reserve], urochishche Zhatymsay nr Novonikolaevka [ Dzhabagly Settlm.] 11.VI.1966 (I. Kerzhner), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Almaty Prov.:  Issyk Lake, N slopes, 17.VIII.1938 (M. Nikol’ skaya), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Malaya Almatinka, 2500 m amsl, 28. VII.1957 (V. Kuznetsov), 2♀ (ZISP) ;   “Kirgiziya”, Trans-Ili Alatau, gorge  Levyy Talgar, 2000–2200 m amsl, spruce forest, 24.VII.1963 (E.S. Sugonyaev), 1J (ZISP) ;   Almaty Nat. Reserve,  Sredniy Talgar Riv., 2800 m amsl, alpine meadow, 7.VII.1979 (A. G. Kirejtshuk), 2J, 1♀ (ZISP)  .  Turkmenistan: 13 km NNE Tersakan, Kopet-Dag Mt. Range, 11.VII.1973 (V. Zaitzev), 1♀ (ZISP) .   Tajikistan: Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region,  Khozretishi Range, 1800 m, 11.V.1962 (Gurjeva), 2J (ZISP) .   Kyrgyzstan: Naryn Prov.:  Atbashi Mt. Range, floodplain, 19. VI.1959 (V.A. Zaslavskiy), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Central Tian Shan,  valley of Aksay Riv. nr urochishche Chatyrtash, 3100 m amsl, 17,18. VII. 1966 (I. Kerzhner), 1J, 5♀ (ZISP) ;   Issyk-Kul Prov.: Tian Shan,  Terskey Alatau Mt. Range, 24.VIII.1962 (P. Vtorov), 1♀ (ZMUM)  .   Mongolia: Arkhangay Prov., 70 km SE  Tosontsengel, 19.VII.1980 ( Kerzhner), 1♀ (ZISP);   Dornod Prov.: Derkhin-Tsagan-Obo Mt., 60 km ENE Bayan-Burd [-  Nur Lake], 12. VI.1976 ( Kerzhner), 9♀ (ZISP);   Numregin-Gol Riv., 32 km SE  Salkhit[-Under] Mt., 16.VI.1976 ( Kerzhner), 1♀ (ZISP) .   China: Xinjiang, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, SE Dzungarian Alatau, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=80.45833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.733334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 80.45833/lat 44.733334)">Urtak-Sarytau Mts., Tokhtandy Riv.</a> [44°44 ʹ 00.0 ʺ N 80° 27 ʹ 30.0 ʺ E], 15.VII.1990 (Kabak), 1J (ZISP)  .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Males larger: body length more than 5.30, body width more than 3.25, and pronotum width more than 2.75; females usually larger: body more than 6.00 in length and more than 4.00 in width, pronotum more than 3.40 in width. Spicules at dorsolateral lobes of conjunctiva usually slightly and smoothly arcuately curved beyond middle (Figure 7 K – 7 M), rarely with bending before extreme apex (Figure 7 K); more sharply curved spicules (Figure 7 N –7 Q) sometimes occurring in specimens from mountains of Central Asia or in larger specimens (distinctly exceeding dimensions given above) in another parts of subspecies range. Anterior part of gynatrial sac usually large (Figure 11 A).</p><p>Measurements</p><p>Body 5.35–7.00 (males), 5.60–8.20 (females) in length; body 3.30–4.00 (males), 3.30–5.05 (females) in width; pronotum 2.80–3.75 (males), 2.95–4.45 (females) in width; head 1.36–1.81 in width; ocular index 3.54–4.00; length of antennal segments I–V: 0.29–0.41: 0.46–0.70: 0.48–0.69: 0.73–0.95: 0.78–0.94.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Figure 15. Austria, Hungary, Slovakia (Lis 2006), Ukraine, Russia (centre and south of European part, Western and Eastern Siberia), Georgia [new record], Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey [new record], Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan [new record], Uzbekistan (Lis 2006), Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan [new record], Mongolia [new record], and China [new record].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/385C87B6FFD00E78FC3FF9B7FB3CFACA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gapon, Dmitry A.	Gapon, Dmitry A. (2018): Morphology of male and female terminalia and taxonomic revision of the burrower bugs genus Canthophorus (Heteroptera: Cydnidae). Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N. S.) 54 (3): 183-228, DOI: 10.1080/00379271.2018.1467788, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2018.1467788
385C87B6FFD60E7AFCF9FADEFD6AFEE8.text	385C87B6FFD60E7AFCF9FADEFD6AFEE8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Canthophorus mixtus subsp. hissaricus (Kiritshenko 1964) Asanova 1964	<div><p>Canthophorus mixtus hissaricus Asanova, 1964,  n. stat. (Figures 3 K, 7 R, 7 S, 8 T, 8 U, 11 C)</p><p>Canthophorns  hissaricus Kiritshenko 1951: 189; 1964: 61 [nomen nudum].</p><p>Canthophorus hissaricus Asanova 1964: 141 .</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype: Tajikistan: Varzob Distr., urochishche Ruydasht [40 km N Dushanbe, 38°59 ʹ 04.6 ʺ N 68°47 ʹ 29.7 ʺ E], S slopes of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=68.79158&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.98461" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 68.79158/lat 38.98461)">Gissar Range</a>, 2600 m amsl, 10.IX.1947 (Kiritshenko), J (ZISP)  .</p><p>Paratypes: The same date as for the holotype, 8J, 2♀ (ZISP).</p><p>Additional material. Tajikistan: Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region, Khozretishi Range, middle reaches of  Iokundzh Riv., 75 km NE “Mushtabad” [Muminabad], 2000–3000 m amsl, 1.IX.1964 (V.F. Zaitzev), 1J (ZISP)  .</p><p>Change in the taxonomic status</p><p>C. hissaricus was described on the basis of the two characters distinguishing this species from the nearest  C. mixtus, namely the smaller body size and the more strongly curved spicule at the dorsolateral lobes of conjunctiva (Figure 7 R). Body dimensions were given as follows. Males: body 4.30–4.40 in length, pronotum 2.30–2.50 in width, abdomen 2.50–2.80 in width. Females: body 5.80– 6.00 in length, pronotum 3.00– 3.20 in width, abdomen 3.50–3.70 in width. In the re-examination of the type series, the following measurements were obtained. Males: body 4.40–5.25 in length, body 2.75–3.20 in width, pronotum 2.50–2.75 in width. Females: body 5.88–6.00 in length, body 3.65–4.00 in width, pronotum 3.25–3.40 in width. Minimal values of these dimensions do not overlap with corresponding minimal values for males of  C. mixtus but differ very slightly (by 0.1 mm for body length and width and 0.05 mm for pronotum width), so they can be considered as ultimate values in the variability of the latter species (Figure 17), especially since only 10 males of  C. hissaricus are known. Ranges of the body size in females of  C. hissaricus fall into ranges of  C. mixtus (Figure 17), although specimens of the latter species with extreme small sizes are very infrequent.</p><p>There are no significant structural differences between  C. hissaricus and  C. mixtus . The sharply curved spicule at dorsolateral lobes of conjunctiva occurs, although rarely, in specimens of  C. mixtus from different parts of the natural range, and there is a gradual transitional row from the smoothly and slightly bent spicules to the sharply and strongly curved ones (Figure 7 K –7 S). In the three specimens examined from the Khozretishi Range, the spicule is curved distinctly but to different degrees: in the male, corresponding to the dimensions of  C. hissaricus (body 4.60 in length and 3.10 in width, pronotum 2.70 in width), the spicule is strongly and sharply curved (Figure 7 S); among the other and larger males of  C. mixtus, one (body 5.35 in length and 3.40 in width, pronotum 2.95 in width) has the spicule curved less strongly, but rather sharply (Figure 7 P); in the third male (body 5.50 in length and 3.30 in width, pronotum 2.90 in width), the spicule is curved even more weakly and more smoothly (Figure 7 O). In the male of  C. mixtus from the Trans-Ili Alatau (body 5.50 in length and 3.35 in width, pronotum 2.80 in width), the spicule is curved strongly and quite sharply (Figure 7 Q). The female from the same locality has the following dimensions: body 6.8 in length and 4.25 in width, pronotum 3.55 in width.</p><p>Based on the absence of a hiatus in reliable structural characters and on the partial overlapping of the dimensional characters, but with regard to the rare occurrence of  C. mixtus specimens corresponding to the diagnosis of  C. hissaricus, I consider  C. hissaricus as a subspecies of  C. mixtus .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Males smaller: body not more than 5.25 in length and not more than 3.20 in width, pronotum not more than 2.75 in width. Spicule at dorsolateral lobes of conjunctiva always sharply curved beyond middle (Figure 7 R, 7 S). Anterior part of gynatrial sac relatively rather small (Figure 11 C).</p><p>Additional measurements</p><p>Head 1.23–1.50 in width; ocular index 3.47–4.38; length of antennal segments I–V: 0.28–0.33: 0.42–0.55: 0.46– 0.53: 0.69–0.71: 0.79–0.87.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Figure 15. Tajikistan (Gissar and Khozretishi Ranges).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/385C87B6FFD60E7AFCF9FADEFD6AFEE8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gapon, Dmitry A.	Gapon, Dmitry A. (2018): Morphology of male and female terminalia and taxonomic revision of the burrower bugs genus Canthophorus (Heteroptera: Cydnidae). Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N. S.) 54 (3): 183-228, DOI: 10.1080/00379271.2018.1467788, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2018.1467788
385C87B6FFD40E7AFF53FEFCFA99FC1A.text	385C87B6FFD40E7AFF53FEFCFA99FC1A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Canthophorus niveimarginatus Scott 1874	<div><p>Canthophorus niveimarginatus Scott, 1874 (Figures 3 L, 5 D, 6 V, 6 W, 7 T, 7 U, 8 V, 8 W, 11 D)</p><p>Canthophorus niveimarginatus Scott 1874: 289, 295 [syntypes: Japan]  .</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Russia: Krasnoyarsk Terr.: Ermakovskiy Distr.,  Usynskiy maral sovkhoz, 22,23. VI.1979 (Korotyaev), 1J, 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Altay Republic:  Kosh-Agach Settlm ., 23.VI.1964 (M. Kozlov), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Republic of Tyva:  Boyarovka Settlm . nr Kaa-khem Settlm., 23.VII.1949 (Perevozchikova), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Kyzyl, 2.VIII.1949 [collector unknown], 1J (ZISP) ;   Kyzyl, floodplain of  Yenisey, left bank, 13.VII.1979 (B.A. Korotyaev), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Ovyurskiy Distr., 20 km E Torchalyg Settlm.,  Kadyy Riv., steppe and floodplain, 20.VII.1979 (B.A. Korotyaev), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Zabaykal’ skiy Terr.: Borzinskiy Distr.:  Sherlovaya Mt., с. 1000 m amsl, forest-steppe, 10.VI.1989 (O. N. Kabakov), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Tsagan-Oluy Settlm ., 1000–1100 m amsl, forest-steppe, 14.VII.1989 (O.N. Kabakov), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Primorskiy Terr.: Kamen’-Rybolov,  Khanka Lake, 24, 25,29–30. V. 1908 ( Cherskiy), 3♀, 10.VII.1927 ( Stackelberg), 1♀ (ZISP)  .  Mongolia: [without locality] 1976 (I.M. Kerzhner), 1♀ (ZISP);   Uvs Prov: 15 km S  Ulaangom, 30.VIII.1968 (Arnoldi), 1J (ZISP) ;   Khövsgöl Prov., 17 km N  Shine-Ider, 22.VII.1975 (E. L. Gurjeva), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   25 km SSW  Muren, 23.VII.1975 (E.P. Nartshuk; M.A. Kozlov), 1J, 2♀ (ZISP) ;   Khankh Settlm ., 26. VII.1983 (I. Ovchinnikov), 1♀ (ZMUM) ;   Arkhangai Prov.: 35 km E somon  Chulut, 29.VII.1967 (Kerzhner), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   12 km SW  Stariy Tsakhir, 28.VI.1975 (A.F. Emeljanov), 1J (ZISP) ;   30 km NW  Ikh-Tamir, stony low bunchgrass steppe, under stones, 28.VI.1975 (E.L. Gurjeva), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Bulgan Prov.: 10 km NNE  Bugat, 7.VII.1975 (E.L. Gurjeva), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Numre-chiyn-Gol Riv., 32 km SE  Salkhit Mt., 15.VI, 6–9.VIII.1976 (E.L. Gurjeva), 2♀ (ZISP) ;   Selenge Prov.: 25 km S  Darkhan, 30.V.1975 (E. Sugonjaev), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   10 км NE Selenge,  Ingetiyn-Gol Riv., 27.VII.1975 (M.A. Kozlov), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Dornod Prov., Derkhin-Tsagan-Obo Riv., 60 km ENE Bayan-Burd[ -Nur Lake], 12,13. VI.1976 (M.A. Kozlov), 2♀  .</p><p>Description</p><p>Distinguished from all other species by metapleural evaporatorium with short and almost straight peritreme slightly protruding beyond middle of metapleuron. Lateral margins of pronotum, corium, abdominal venter and connexivum with yellowish narrow stripe. Membrane brownish, opaque.</p><p>Pygophore as in  C. mixtus .</p><p>Paramere with rather long and widely rounded apically sensory process (Figure 3 L).</p><p>Aedeagus (Figure 5 D) similar to that of  C. mixtus and distinguished by somewhat longer dorsolateral lobes of conjunctiva and ventral lobe having convex lateral margins subapically and ventral wall convex along median line at apex in ventral view (Figure 6 V); in lateral view, lobe relatively wider and oblique apically (Figure 3 W). Spicule at dorsolateral lobes weakly (Figure 7 T) or sharply (Figure 7 U) curved.</p><p>Gynatrium almost as in  C. mixtus, with somewhat shorter posterior pouches (Figure 11 D). First rami rather wide or narrow anteriorly, more or less obliquely truncated at anterior end, with rounded (Figure 8 V) or acute inner angle (Figure 8 W).</p><p>Measurements</p><p>Body 5.60–8.00 in length, 3.35–5.30 in width; pronotum 3.05–4.60 in width; head 1.36–1.78 in width; ocular index 3.39–4.47; length of antennal segments I–V: 0.29–0.36: 0.53–0.63: 0.48–0.73: 0.69–0.94: 0.78–1.06.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Russia (Western and Eastern Siberia, Far East), Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China (North, Central and Southwest Territories) Japan, the Korean Peninsula, east of India, and north of Vietnam (Lis 2006).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/385C87B6FFD40E7AFF53FEFCFA99FC1A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gapon, Dmitry A.	Gapon, Dmitry A. (2018): Morphology of male and female terminalia and taxonomic revision of the burrower bugs genus Canthophorus (Heteroptera: Cydnidae). Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N. S.) 54 (3): 183-228, DOI: 10.1080/00379271.2018.1467788, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2018.1467788
385C87B6FFD40E7BFC13FB8FFE54FBC7.text	385C87B6FFD40E7BFC13FB8FFE54FBC7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Canthophorus coeruleus (Reuter 1902)	<div><p>Canthophorus coeruleus (Reuter, 1902) (Figures 3 M, 6 X, 6 Y, 8 X, 8 Y, 11 E)</p><p>Sehirus coeruleus Reuter 1902: 144 [syntypes: Turkmenistan,  Kopet Dag]  .</p><p>Canthophorus coeruleus: Asanova 1964: 140, 143.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Turkmenistan: Ashgabat, [date and collector unknown], “ O.M. Reuter det.”, 1♀ (ZISP) .   Uzbekistan: Namangan Prov., “Fergana sept[entrionalis].,  Namangan Fl.[umen] Padschaata Toste ” 15,18. VI.1908 (B. Grigorjev) 2♀ (ZISP)  .   Kyrgyzstan: Jalal-Abad Prov., Fergana Range, urochishche  Ak-terek, 5 km N Gava, 5,6,8,16.VIII., 6.IX.1937 (Kiritshenko), 4J, 3♀ (ZISP) ;  Osh Prov.: from “Lyangor” [Lyangar] to Gul’ cha, 1800 [m asl?], 26.V.1909 (A. Jacobson) 1♀ (ZISP);   Zaalaisky Range,  Berk-Suu Riv., 3200 m, 10.VII.1995 (A. Koval), 1J, 2♀ (ZISP)  .</p><p>Description</p><p>Distinguished from all other species by lateral margins of pronotum, corium, abdominal venter and connexivum without light stripes and spots, unicolour with other parts of body. Metapleural evaporatorium with long and curved peritreme. Membrane brownish, opaque.</p><p>Pygophore as in  C. niveimarginatus but with slightly longer dorsal wall.</p><p>Paramere. Sensory process more strongly curved dorsad than in all previous species, rather long, widely rounded at apex (Figure 3 M).</p><p>Aedeagus almost as in  C. niveimarginatus . Ventral lobe in ventral view slightly narrower, with almost parallel lateral margins, very slightly convex distal to middle and slightly converging apically; extreme apex of lobe short and narrow (Figure 6 X); ventral wall flattened over entire surface; in lateral view, lobe rather narrow, with rectangularly rounded apex (Figure 6 Y).</p><p>Gynatrium as in  C. mixtus, with somewhat smaller apical part of gynatrial sac (Figure 11 E). First rami moderately wide anteriorly and acutely (Figure 8 X) or rectangularly (Figure 8 Y) rounded at anterior end.</p><p>Measurements</p><p>Body 6.55–8.40 in length, 3.85–5.05 in width; pronotum 3.55–4.50 in width; head 1.57–1.89 in width; ocular index 3.74–3.95; length of antennal segments I–V: 0.35–0.46: 0.64–0.83: 0.63–0.77: 0.90–1.09: 0.94–1.06.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Iran (Lis 2006; Ghahari et al. 2009), Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/385C87B6FFD40E7BFC13FB8FFE54FBC7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gapon, Dmitry A.	Gapon, Dmitry A. (2018): Morphology of male and female terminalia and taxonomic revision of the burrower bugs genus Canthophorus (Heteroptera: Cydnidae). Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N. S.) 54 (3): 183-228, DOI: 10.1080/00379271.2018.1467788, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2018.1467788
385C87B6FFD50E7BFC26FF7FFA2CFD13.text	385C87B6FFD50E7BFC26FF7FFA2CFD13.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Adomerus aeneus (Walker 1867) Gapon 2018	<div><p>Adomerus aeneus (Walker, 1867) n. comb. (Figures 2 C, 2 D, 3 N, 3 O, 18 A –18 C, 20 A, 20 B)</p><p>Sehirus aeneus Walker (1867): 169 [holotype: Madeira].</p><p>Sehirus fuscipennis Horváth (1899): 83 (syn. by Aukema &amp; Constant 2016).</p><p>Canthophorus fuscipennis: Fuente (1972): 64.</p><p>Canthophorus aeneus: Aukema &amp; Constant (2016): 42.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>France: Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi-Pyrénées, “Banyuls Pyrén. or.” [ Banyuls-sur-Mer, Pyrénées-Orientales], 1J (ZISP), 1♀ (MNHN) ;   Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Just-d’ Ardèche,  Île du Petit Maletras, 30.VI.1980 (J. Balazuc), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Provence-Alpes-Côte d’ Azur,  Gémenos, 12.VI.1980, 1♀ (AMC) ;   Vaucluse, Courthezon,  Les Palluds, 20.VI.1989 (J. Coffin), 1J (ZISP) ;   Portugal: Algarve,  Santa Barbara de Nexe, VI.1973 (H. Coiffait), 1J (ZISP) ;   Tunisia: Sidi Bou Zid Governorate,  Maknassy, 1929 (C. Dumont), 1♀ (MNHN) ;   Algeria: Aïn Defla, “Littré” [ Arib] (J. Surcouf), 1J, 1♀ (MNHN) ;   Oran Province,  Oran, 1J (MNHN)  .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/385C87B6FFD50E7BFC26FF7FFA2CFD13	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gapon, Dmitry A.	Gapon, Dmitry A. (2018): Morphology of male and female terminalia and taxonomic revision of the burrower bugs genus Canthophorus (Heteroptera: Cydnidae). Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N. S.) 54 (3): 183-228, DOI: 10.1080/00379271.2018.1467788, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2018.1467788
385C87B6FFD50E7BFCE6FC81FB6DFACE.text	385C87B6FFD50E7BFCE6FC81FB6DFACE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Adomerus maculipes (Mulsant & Rey 1852) Gapon 2018	<div><p>Adomerus maculipes (Mulsant &amp; Rey, 1852) n. comb. (Figures 2 E, 2 F, 3 P, 3 Q, 19 A –19 C, 20 C, 20 D)</p><p>Cydnus maculipes Mulsant &amp; Rey 1852: 78 [syntypes: France; lost].  Canthophorus (Canthophorus) maculipes: Mulsant &amp; Rey 1866: 65.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>France: Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Côte-d’ Or,  Beaune, 1J (MNHN); 1898 (Ern. André), 1J, 3♀ (MNHN), 1♀ (ZISP) ;   Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes,  d’ Oisans, 1J (ZISP) ;   Provence-Alpes-Côte d’ Azur: Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, col de  Vars, 2109 m, 7.VIII.1984 (A. Matocq), 1J (ZISP) ;   Var,  Draguignan, 1J (MNHN) ;   Occitanie, Aude, Leucate, vigne en friche  La Gardiole piège jaune-orange, 12. VI.1989 (J. Hamon rec.), 1♀ (AMC) ;   Spain: Aragon / Teruel,  Torres de Albarracin, 4 km au nord sur rivière Guadalaviar, 6.VI.1990 (Ph. Magnien, J. Péricart, A. Matocq), 1♀ (ZISP)  .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/385C87B6FFD50E7BFCE6FC81FB6DFACE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gapon, Dmitry A.	Gapon, Dmitry A. (2018): Morphology of male and female terminalia and taxonomic revision of the burrower bugs genus Canthophorus (Heteroptera: Cydnidae). Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N. S.) 54 (3): 183-228, DOI: 10.1080/00379271.2018.1467788, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2018.1467788
