identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
3927340C07014210FCE5FA75255851E5.text	3927340C07014210FCE5FA75255851E5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysis canaliculata (Brulle 1846)	<div><p>CHRYSIS CANALICULATA (BRULLÉ, 1846)</p><p>Brullé (1846) provided the descriptions of three species in the genus Pyria Lepeletier &amp; Serville, 1825: P. oculata Fabricius, 1775 (from Eastern India), P.smaragdula Lepeletier &amp; Serville, 1825, nec Fabricius, 1775 [currently C. stilboides Spinola, 1838] (from Africa) and P. canaliculata Brullé, 1846 (from Africa). In Kimsey &amp; Bohart’s monograph (1991), the holotype of P. canaliculata was reported as being deposited at MRSN. However, as observed by Rosa &amp; Xu (2015) and Rosa (2024), no specimens from Brullé’s collection were found in the Spinola collection, currently housed at MRSN. In fact, the species was described on two syntypes originating respectively from the collections of Serville and from the MNHN (“Hab. le Sénégal. C.M. [= Collection du Muséum] et Collect. de M. Serville”). The syntype of P. canaliculata from the Paris Muséum (Fig. 1) is still preserved in the collection of MNHN, while the whereabouts of the second syntype remain unknown. Actually, the examined syntype of P. canaliculata at MNHN turned out to be a specimen of C. stilboides .</p><p>Regarding P.canaliculata, the description provided by Brullé (1846) closely resembles that of C. stilboides, with the only distinction being the shape of the metanotal mucron, indicated as non-canaliculate (haud canaliculato). In fact, Brullé did not mention other important diagnostic characters, such as wing venation (including an additional vein extending from the radial sector in C. simillima sensu auctorum), or the shape of the head, with a simple transversal frontal carina in C. simillima (strong, with three branches in C. stilboides), or even differences in the length ratio of first and second flagellomeres, which vary among Pyria species; for instance, in C. stilboides female (Fig. 2B) F1 l/w = 1.0; F2 = 2.0 × F1 length; in C. simillima female (Fig. 2C) F1 l/w = 1.6; F2 = 1.3 × F1 length; in C. smithii female (Fig. 2E) F1 l/w = 2.5; F2 = 1.1 × F1 length. Also, although Brullé detailed the coloration of the antennal segments (identical in both descriptions of stilboides and canaliculata, with the scape and part of pedicel green, and with metallic green colour extending until the second flagellomere in smithii or simillima sensu auctorum), he did not observe these morphological and color differences.</p><p>In the diagnosis of the genus Pyria, Brullé (1846) stated that the genus is distinguished from Chrysis by having a short pedicel and first flagellomere of equal length, with the second flagellomere being significantly longer than the first and longer than the pedicel and first flagellomere taken together (“On distinguera ensuite les Pyria des Chrysis par les deuxième et troisième articles des antennes égaux en longueur et par le quatrième, beaucoup plus long que le troisième et le plus long de tous, si l’on en excepte le premier”). This definition excludes C. simillima sensu auctorum from the synonymy with C. canaliculata for its elongate first flagellomere.</p><p>Due to indefiniteness regarding the description of Brullé of a non-canaliculate mucron, a character shared with other African species, we designate the syntype of C. canaliculata at MNHN as the lectotype (Fig. 1), and considering Brullé’s diagnosis of Pyria, and the syntype housed at MNHN, we synonymize C. canaliculata Brullé, 1846 with C. stilboides Spinola, 1838 . The lectotype bears the following labels: Sénégal / 46 / Chrysis canaliculata [handwritten by Brullé] / Museum Paris Sénégal / R. du Buysson det. 1897. Du Buysson (1898) had already synonymised C. canaliculata (as canalicuta) with C. orientalis Guérin-Méneville, 1842, an Oriental species closely related to C. stilboides . The new synonymy does not significantly impact the current classification of the group, because C. canaliculata was listed only by Mocsáry (1889), who reported the original description, and consequently by Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991) and Madl &amp; Rosa (2012) in their catalogues. Conversely, the name C. simillima was used in European collection (first author pers. note), and in Linsenmaier’s publications and keys (Linsenmaier 1994, 1999). However, Linsenmaier’s identification corresponds to specimens identified as C. simillima by du Buysson (1898) and deposited at MNHN, but not syntype specimens (see below), and not to the real type of C. simillima found at the NHMUK.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3927340C07014210FCE5FA75255851E5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Neveen, Paolo Rosa;Gadallah, Neveen S.;Edmardash, Yusuf A.	Neveen, Paolo Rosa, Gadallah, Neveen S., Edmardash, Yusuf A. (2025): New findings of cuckoo wasps for Yemen with nomenclatural changes and review of the Arabian hexadentate species of the genus Chrysis Linnaeus, 1761 (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zoosystema 47 (11): 151-166, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2025v47a11, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2025v47a11.pdf
3927340C07034211FCE5F8F422B15324.text	3927340C07034211FCE5F8F422B15324.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysis simillima (Gribodo 1879)	<div><p>CHRYSIS SIMILLIMA (GRIBODO, 1879)</p><p>According to Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991), the holotype of C. simillima was deposited at MSNG.However, we found out that this type had never been deposited either in Gribodo’s or Invrea’s collections (Rosa 2009). Instead, the holotype was found in the collection of the NHMUK (box 79), along with a syntype of C. smithii (box 76). In fact, both types were sent back to Smith by Gribodo who only retained a syntype of C. smithii for his collection (Fig. 3). Chrysis simillima (Figs 2C; 4C) is similar to C. stilboides, albeit with a simple, sharp transverse frontal carina lacking three branches, a longer ratio of length of the first flagellomere (l/w = 1.6 vs 1.0), a shorter second flagellomere (1.3 × F1 length vs 2.3) and a larger, triangular and flat metasomal mucron (smaller and medially concave in C. stilboides). This species has not yet been found in the Arabian Peninsula and previous records reported by Linsenmaier (1994) refer to C. smithii Gribodo.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3927340C07034211FCE5F8F422B15324	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Neveen, Paolo Rosa;Gadallah, Neveen S.;Edmardash, Yusuf A.	Neveen, Paolo Rosa, Gadallah, Neveen S., Edmardash, Yusuf A. (2025): New findings of cuckoo wasps for Yemen with nomenclatural changes and review of the Arabian hexadentate species of the genus Chrysis Linnaeus, 1761 (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zoosystema 47 (11): 151-166, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2025v47a11, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2025v47a11.pdf
3927340C07034210FF4CF9F5234A52E4.text	3927340C07034210FF4CF9F5234A52E4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysis smithii Gribodo 1879	<div><p>CHRYSIS SMITHII GRIBODO, 1879</p><p>The holotype of C. smithii (Fig. 3), listed by Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991) at MSNG, was examined by Rosa (2009). However, a second syntype was subsequently found at NHMUK (B.M. Type Hym. 13.151) (box 76). Based on the assumption given in Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991), we consider the specimen housed at MSNG as the lectotype by inference of the term holotype (ICZN 1999). Furthermore, Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991) synonymised C. smithii and P. simillima, despite being both described by Gribodo (1879) on the same page and in different genera. Considering that Gribodo was an expert chrysidid taxonomist, it is at least unlikely that he described the same species in two different genera. In fact, the types of these two species are distinct. The type of P.simillima has short first flagellomere and resemble C. stilboides, whereas C. smithii has an elongate first flagellomere and was not included in the genus Pyria . Chrysis smithii (see the description below) is therefore clearly distinct from C. simillima and C. stilboides, and it is here resurrected to species rank.</p><p>Based on the study of material identified at MNHN and NMLU, we can state that C. smithii is the correct name for the species misidentified by du Buysson (1898) and Linsenmaier (1994, 1999) as C. simillima . According to Linsenmaier (1994), this species belongs to the lyncea group due to the shape of the head, pronotum and mesopleuron which align with the diagnostic criteria of the lyncea group. However, other diagnostic features, such as the metasomal apical margin and the shape of black spots on second sternum, do not match the diagnosis of the lyncea group (see below).</p><p>Chrysis smithii Gribodo, 1879</p><p>(Fig. 3; 9)</p><p>Chrysis smithii Gribodo, 1879: 326 .</p><p>Chrysis simillima sensu auctorum.</p><p>TYPE MATERIAL. — Lectotype. Eastern AFrica • ♀ (designated by Kimsey &amp; Bohart, 1991: 393 by inference of the term “holotype”); “Affrica [sic] orientale”= Eastern Africa; MSNG (examined).</p><p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Yemen • 1♀; Hajjah Governorate, Hirran; 28.IV.1936; M.T. leg.; EFC .</p><p>DIAGNOSIS. — Body length: 9.0- 12 mm. Body metallic green, metasomal tergum bluish medially; antenna with scape, pedicel, first and sometimes base of the second flagellomeres metallic green; wings dark brown with ancillary vein extending from radial sector (Fig. 9D); first flagellomere elongate (l/w = 2.5-3.0), slightly longer than second one; metanotal mucron triangular, densely and coarsely punctate throughout (Fig. 9B); genal carina sharp; occipital hook prominent and spiny; clypeus medially emarginated and bulging; transverse frontal carina U-shaped, sharp (Fig. 9A); mesopleuron smooth and shiny medially on mesepimeron and on mesepisternum (Fig. 9C); ventrally with two teeth; third tergum with four triangular teeth and lateral tooth as a blunt angle; black spots on second sternum large, transversal, with curved margins, laterally connected to sternum margins and medially fused (Fig. 9F).</p><p>DISTRIBUTION IN THE ARABIAN PENINSULA. — Saudi Arabia (Linsenmaier 1994 as C. (Pyria) simillima), Yemen (new record).</p><p>EXTRALIMITAL DISTRIBUTION. — West Africa and East Africa, from Mali to Sudan.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3927340C07034210FF4CF9F5234A52E4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Neveen, Paolo Rosa;Gadallah, Neveen S.;Edmardash, Yusuf A.	Neveen, Paolo Rosa, Gadallah, Neveen S., Edmardash, Yusuf A. (2025): New findings of cuckoo wasps for Yemen with nomenclatural changes and review of the Arabian hexadentate species of the genus Chrysis Linnaeus, 1761 (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zoosystema 47 (11): 151-166, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2025v47a11, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2025v47a11.pdf
3927340C0702421EFCE5F8B4273551C5.text	3927340C0702421EFCE5F8B4273551C5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysis gabonensis Mocsary 1913	<div><p>CHRYSIS GABONENSIS MOCSÁRY, 1913</p><p>The holotype of C. gabonensis is deposited at ISEA-PAS (Rosa et al. 2015). After the publication of types deposited at ISEA-PAS (Rosa et al. 2015), the first author examined the Afrotropical types deposited at ZMB, including the type of Chrysis heymonsi Bischoff, 1910 (Fig. 6). Following the results of a morphological type comparison, we here synonymise Chrysis gabonensis Mocsáry, 1913 n. syn. with Chrysis heymonsi Bischoff, 1910 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3927340C0702421EFCE5F8B4273551C5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Neveen, Paolo Rosa;Gadallah, Neveen S.;Edmardash, Yusuf A.	Neveen, Paolo Rosa, Gadallah, Neveen S., Edmardash, Yusuf A. (2025): New findings of cuckoo wasps for Yemen with nomenclatural changes and review of the Arabian hexadentate species of the genus Chrysis Linnaeus, 1761 (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zoosystema 47 (11): 151-166, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2025v47a11, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2025v47a11.pdf
3927340C070D421EFCE5FA35227753E3.text	3927340C070D421EFCE5FA35227753E3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysis caroli du Buysson 1907	<div><p>CHRYSIS CAROLI DU BUYSSON, 1907</p><p>Linsenmaier (1994: 199, 1999: 250) synonymised C. caroli, described from Tunisia with C. jousseaumei because the two species share the dentate lower mesopleuron. However, the body sculpture and colour pattern of C. caroli are clearly different. In C. caroli the first tergum is densely micropunctate on interspaces among large punctures (Fig. 7F) (vs large, even punctures with polish interspaces in C. jousseaumei, Fig. 7E); the second tergum has even, mediumsized punctures and densely micropunctate interspaces (vs large punctures with polished interspaces in C. jousseaumei); the body color pattern in C. caroli is green with blue areas on mesosoma, and blue basal and lateral bands on metasomal segments, while it is entirely dark blue to purplish in C. jousseaumei . For these notable differences in diagnostic characters, we consider C. caroli du Buysson, 1907 as a valid species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3927340C070D421EFCE5FA35227753E3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Neveen, Paolo Rosa;Gadallah, Neveen S.;Edmardash, Yusuf A.	Neveen, Paolo Rosa, Gadallah, Neveen S., Edmardash, Yusuf A. (2025): New findings of cuckoo wasps for Yemen with nomenclatural changes and review of the Arabian hexadentate species of the genus Chrysis Linnaeus, 1761 (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zoosystema 47 (11): 151-166, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2025v47a11, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2025v47a11.pdf
3927340C070D421EFF4CFA15227251A5.text	3927340C070D421EFF4CFA15227251A5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysis rubroviolacea Mocsary 1913	<div><p>CHRYSIS RUBROVIOLACEA MOCSÁRY, 1913</p><p>Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991: 427) synonymised C. rubroviolacea Mocsáry, 1913, described from South Africa, with C. jousseaumei, described from Djibouti. Chrysis jousseaumei is characterised by toothed mesopleuron (Fig. 7C), violet to purplish body colour, large punctures with polished interspaces covering the whole body (Fig. 7E). Chrysis rubroviolacea, as correctly given in the original description, has a simple, unmodified mesopleuron, without any evident tooth (Fig. 7D); in addition, the shape of the head is different (Fig. 7B), being clearly transverse (l/w = 0.7) (measure taken from the transverse frontal carina to clypeal margin) and the shortest distance between inner eye margin instead of triangular, and short (l/w = 0.8) as in C. rubroviolacea (Fig. 7A); the episternal sulcus is formed by larger foveae (Fig. 7D); the black spots on second sternum are narrower, almost half as wide as long. For these notable differences in diagnostic characters, we consider C. rubroviolacea Mocsáry, 1913 as a valid species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3927340C070D421EFF4CFA15227251A5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Neveen, Paolo Rosa;Gadallah, Neveen S.;Edmardash, Yusuf A.	Neveen, Paolo Rosa, Gadallah, Neveen S., Edmardash, Yusuf A. (2025): New findings of cuckoo wasps for Yemen with nomenclatural changes and review of the Arabian hexadentate species of the genus Chrysis Linnaeus, 1761 (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zoosystema 47 (11): 151-166, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2025v47a11, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2025v47a11.pdf
3927340C070C421FFEF9FA15234652E4.text	3927340C070C421FFEF9FA15234652E4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysis lyncea Fabricius 1775	<div><p>Chrysis lyncea species-group</p><p>DIAGNOSIS. — Species of the lyncea group are recognised by the combination of following characters: first flagellomere short in both male and female (l/w = 1), with the exception of C. smithii female (l/w = 2.5); malar space short (0.5-0.75 MOD) in both sexes; subantennal space about 1 MOD; strong, raised, transverse frontal carina, not branched; pronotum medially much shorter than mesoscutellum; pronotum with acute humeral angle; mesopleuron medially, longitudinally flattened and polished, with a large acute tooth below the scrobal area; metanotal plate large, triangular, with or without median carina; posterior propodeal projections strong; third metasomal tergum saddled; margin of third tergum with four triangular apical teeth and two lateral angles, placed at the base of tergum (in C. lyncea) or close to lateral teeth (in C. smithii).</p><p>HOSTS. — Species of this group are recorded to parasitize the mud dauber wasps of the genus Sceliphron Klug, 1801 ( Sphecidae Latreille, 1802) (Kimsey &amp; Bohart 1991).</p><p>REMARKS</p><p>The present diagnosis of the group differs from that of Kimsey &amp; Bohart’s (1991) for the inclusion of C. smithii and C. seyrigi Zimmermann, 1961 (resurrected by Rosa et al. 2020b). The real placement of these two species is somewhat uncertain, and they may represent at least a separated subgroup with the shape of the head, pronotum and mesopleuron corresponding to the diagnosis of the lyncea group. Moreover, they share common characters with the smaragdula group: elongate first flagellomere (l/w = 2.5) in the female, the shape of the apical margin with six aligned teeth and the large black spots on the second metasomal sternum. A unique character of these two species is found in the forewing, with the ancillary vein extending from the Radial sector (Fig. 9D). This vein is barely visible in the species closely allied to C. lyncea .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3927340C070C421FFEF9FA15234652E4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Neveen, Paolo Rosa;Gadallah, Neveen S.;Edmardash, Yusuf A.	Neveen, Paolo Rosa, Gadallah, Neveen S., Edmardash, Yusuf A. (2025): New findings of cuckoo wasps for Yemen with nomenclatural changes and review of the Arabian hexadentate species of the genus Chrysis Linnaeus, 1761 (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zoosystema 47 (11): 151-166, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2025v47a11, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2025v47a11.pdf
3927340C070C421DFC03F8D727FF53E3.text	3927340C070C421DFC03F8D727FF53E3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysis lyncea Fabricius 1775	<div><p>Chrysis lyncea Fabricius, 1775</p><p>(Fig. 8)</p><p>Chrysis lincea Fabricius, 1775: 357 .</p><p>Chrysis lyncea – Fabricius 1781: 455 (emendation of lincea Fabricius, 1775).</p><p>TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype • sex unknown; Sierra Leone, type possibly lost.</p><p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Yemen • 2 ♀; Wadi Higgan; 7.VIII.1936; M.T. leg.; EFC .</p><p>DIAGNOSIS. — Body length: 8.0- 12 mm. Body colour varying from entirely green to blue, with or without darker or purple reflections; legs including basitarsi metallic green; scapal basin punctate-rugose; first flagellomere reduced in both sexes (l/w = 1); pronotal humeral angle strongly produced, acute; metanotal mucron elongate, triangular, medially carinate and apically blunt and impunctate (Fig. 8B); mesopleuron largely smooth, polished medially (Fig. 8C), with two distinct ventral teeth, the lower of which conspicuously large, pointed and sharply carinate; lateral tooth on third tergum small, placed basally (Fig. 8E); wings darkened; metasomal sterna metallic green, with two small, oval black spots widely separated from lateral margin and between each other (Fig. 8F).</p><p>DISTRIBUTION IN THE ARABIAN PENINSULA. — Oman, United Arab Emirates (Linsenmaier 1994 as C. (Pyria) lyncea; Howarth &amp; Gillett 2008; Strumia 2008), Yemen (new record).</p><p>EXTRALIMITAL DISTRIBUTION. — Cyprus (Linsenmaier 1959, 1994, 1999), Sub-Saharan Africa (Linsenmaier 1959, 1994, 1999), Northern Africa.</p><p>REMARK</p><p>Other taxa described as variations of C. lyncea from Oriental and Australian regions are currently under revision and will be elevated to species rank.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3927340C070C421DFC03F8D727FF53E3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Neveen, Paolo Rosa;Gadallah, Neveen S.;Edmardash, Yusuf A.	Neveen, Paolo Rosa, Gadallah, Neveen S., Edmardash, Yusuf A. (2025): New findings of cuckoo wasps for Yemen with nomenclatural changes and review of the Arabian hexadentate species of the genus Chrysis Linnaeus, 1761 (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zoosystema 47 (11): 151-166, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2025v47a11, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2025v47a11.pdf
3927340C0708421BFEE4FD1327055087.text	3927340C0708421BFEE4FD1327055087.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysis oculata Fabricius 1775	<div><p>Chrysis oculata species-group</p><p>DIAGNOSIS. — Species of the oculata group are recognised by the combination of the following characters: F1 short (l/w = 0.5-1) in both sexes; transverse frontal carina M-shaped, with or without upward branches; anterior ocellus lidded; malar space long (1 MOD); pronotum medially shortened, less than half scutellar length; mesopleuron without polished, shining areas, with large ventral tooth and associated denticles; metanotal plate large, triangular to spoon-like, flat or medially concave; wing venation unmodified, without ancillary vein on forewing; apex of third tergum with six teeth more or less equally spaced and sharp; black spots on second sternum large, normally transversally elongate.</p><p>HOSTS. — Unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3927340C0708421BFEE4FD1327055087	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Neveen, Paolo Rosa;Gadallah, Neveen S.;Edmardash, Yusuf A.	Neveen, Paolo Rosa, Gadallah, Neveen S., Edmardash, Yusuf A. (2025): New findings of cuckoo wasps for Yemen with nomenclatural changes and review of the Arabian hexadentate species of the genus Chrysis Linnaeus, 1761 (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zoosystema 47 (11): 151-166, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2025v47a11, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2025v47a11.pdf
3927340C0708421BFEC3FB3523545678.text	3927340C0708421BFEC3FB3523545678.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysis oxyacantha Mocsary 1913	<div><p>Chrysis oxyacantha Mocsáry, 1913</p><p>(Fig. 10)</p><p>Chrysis (Heptachrysis) oxyacantha Mocsáry, 1913: 41 .</p><p>TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype. Eritrea • ♀; Keren; HMNH (examined).</p><p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Yemen • 1 ♀; Hajjah Governorate, Hirran; 28.IV.1936; M.T. leg.; EFC • 1 ♂; Sana’a University Campus, 2300m; 3.XI.2005; J. Halada leg.; coll. MHC • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.266666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.266666/lat 15.4)">Wadi Sudd</a>, 10 km W Marib, 1120 m; 8.X.2005; [15°24’N, 45°16’E]; J. Halada leg.; MHC .</p><p>Oman • 1♂; 17 km W of Súr; 15.III.2015; M. Snižek leg.; coll. MHC • 1 ♂; E of Súr, S of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=59.420834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.508612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 59.420834/lat 22.508612)">Shiya</a>; 15.III.2015; [22°30’31”N, 59°25’15”E]; L. Černý leg.; MHC .</p><p>DIAGNOSIS. — Body length: 11.5-13.0 mm. Metallic green to blue, face golden-green; scape metallic green, rest of antenna dark brown; wings brown with dark veins. First flagellomere short (l/w = 0.8); second flagellomere 3× as long as the first; transverse frontal carina strong, sharp, M-shaped with upwards branches (Fig. 10A); pronotal humeral angles acute, pointing upwards; propodeal antero-median line very deep; notauli exceptionally wide and deep (Fig. 10C), width decreasing towards anterior margin; notauli width basally larger than largest punctures on mesoscutum (Fig. 10D); metanotal plate triangular, basally concave; mesopleuron densely, coarsely punctate, with scrobal area forming a ventral, pointed tooth; first tergum densely dotted between larger punctures, second and third tergum with polished intervals between punctures; apical margin of third tergum with six triangular, pointed teeth (Fig. 10E); black spots of second sternum large, sub-quadrate, with apical margin arcuate, distinctly separated medially and from lateral sternal margins (Fig. 10F).</p><p>DISTRIBUTION IN THE ARABIAN PENINSULA. — Oman (new record), Yemen (new record).</p><p>EXTRALIMITAL DISTRIBUTION. — Eritrea (Mocsáry 1913), Mali (new record).</p><p>REMARK</p><p>The type has a very small denticle between apico-median teeth of third tergum, and for this reason the species was described in the subgenus Heptachrysis Mocsáry, 1889 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3927340C0708421BFEC3FB3523545678	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Neveen, Paolo Rosa;Gadallah, Neveen S.;Edmardash, Yusuf A.	Neveen, Paolo Rosa, Gadallah, Neveen S., Edmardash, Yusuf A. (2025): New findings of cuckoo wasps for Yemen with nomenclatural changes and review of the Arabian hexadentate species of the genus Chrysis Linnaeus, 1761 (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zoosystema 47 (11): 151-166, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2025v47a11, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2025v47a11.pdf
3927340C0708421BFC0BFD53220D52D7.text	3927340C0708421BFC0BFD53220D52D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysis stilboides Spinola 1838	<div><p>Chrysis stilboides Spinola, 1838</p><p>(Figs 2A; 4A)</p><p>Chrysis stilboides Spinola, 1838: 446 .</p><p>TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype. Egypt • ♀; MRSN (examined).</p><p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Saudi Arabia • 1♀; El Riyadh; 10.VIII.1959; Dr Diehl leg.; NMLU • 2 ♂, 1 ♀; idem; 1.IX.1958; NMLU • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; idem; 3.VI.1959; NMLU • 1 ♂; idem; 5.VI.1959; NMLU • 3 ♂; idem; 17.VI.1959; NMLU • 5 ♂, 2 ♀; idem; 25.VI.1959; NMLU • 3♂, 1 ♀, idem; 1.VII.1959; NMLU • 4♂, 3 ♀; idem; 6.VII.1959; NMLU • 6♂; idem; 29.VII.1959; NMLU • 3 ♂, 2 ♀; idem; 1.VIII.1959; NMLU • 5 ♂; idem; 5.VIII.1959; NMLU • 1♂; idem; 15.VIII.1959; NMLU • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=38.15&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 38.15/lat 26.45)">Medaen Salin</a>; 1948-18; [26.45 N, 38.15 E]; G.V. Popov B.M. leg.</p><p>Yemen • 1 ♀; Gabal El Mogash. s.w. Sana’a; 31.V.1936; M.T. leg.; EFC • 1 ♂; Wadi Sharis; 1936; M.T. leg.; EFC • 3 ♀; Wadi Higgan, Manahla-Hajila; 7.VIII.1936; M.T. leg.; EFC .</p><p>DISTRIBUTION IN THE ARABIAN PENINSULA. — Kuwait (Al-Houty 1989 as Stilbum splendidum), Oman, Saudi Arabia (Linsenmaier 1994 as Chrysis (Pyria) stilboides), United Arab Emirates (Strumia 2014), Yemen (Madl, 2018).</p><p>EXTRALIMITAL DISTRIBUTION. — Widespread from sub-Saharan Africa to South Asia (Kimsey &amp; Bohart 1991; Linsenmaier 1994; Madl 2018).</p><p>DIAGNOSIS. — Body length: 7-13 mm. Body entirely metallic green to blue, with or without golden hue on different body parts; legs including basitarsi green; scape and pedicel metallic green; wings dark, lighter on distal margin. First flagellomere short (l/w = 1.1-1.2); second flagellomere 1.6-1.7× longer than the first; transverse frontal carina strong, sharp, M-shaped, with three upwards branches; propodeal humeral angles acute pointing upwards; mesopleuron densely and coarsely punctate, with two sharp teeth; third tergum with small, shallow and round pits of the pit row; apical margin with six pointed teeth; black spots on second sternum transversal, rounded laterally, and almost touching each other along midline.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3927340C0708421BFC0BFD53220D52D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Neveen, Paolo Rosa;Gadallah, Neveen S.;Edmardash, Yusuf A.	Neveen, Paolo Rosa, Gadallah, Neveen S., Edmardash, Yusuf A. (2025): New findings of cuckoo wasps for Yemen with nomenclatural changes and review of the Arabian hexadentate species of the genus Chrysis Linnaeus, 1761 (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zoosystema 47 (11): 151-166, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2025v47a11, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2025v47a11.pdf
3927340C07084219FC76F8D7227253E3.text	3927340C07084219FC76F8D7227253E3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysis smaragdula Lepeletier & Serville 1825	<div><p>Chrysis smaragdula species-group</p><p>DIAGNOSIS. — Species of the smaragdula group sensu Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991) are recognised by the combination of following characters: first flagellomere l/w = 1-3 (male), 2-3.5 (female, most often 2.5 or more); face densely punctate, striato-punctate medially, yet not microridged; transverse frontal carina well visible, normally M-like or inverted U-like, with or without posterior branches; anterior ocellus lidded; malar space long (1 MOD) to very long (2-3 MOD); pronotum shorter than scutellum, rarely carinate laterally, and humeral angle not acute; mesopleuron dentate in some species; metanotum sometimes slightly produced; apical margin of third tergum with six teeth or angles, rarely seven for a small median denticle; black spots on second sternum transverse, fused or nearly so, rarely small or medium. Body colour with various shades of green, blue, and bluish purple (in C. jousseaumei all reddish purple).</p><p>HOSTS. — Eumenine hosts are known for several species (Kimsey &amp; Bohart 1991).</p><p>REMARKS</p><p>The smaragdula group is the most speciose after the ignita group and has a worldwide distribution. This group is anyway heterogeneous in the definition given by Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991). Linsenmaier (1959, 1994, 1999) split it in several groups, e.g. diehli group, fasciata group, sexdentata group, and the decemdentata group, which was recently confirmed as a distinct group by Rosa &amp; Halada (2021). According to Linsenmaier’s (1994) classification, the Arabian species should be included as follows: C. jousseaumei in the sexdentata group, with the ancillary vein originating from the Radial sector; C. diehli in the diehli group, which is characterized by specimens with sexdendata habitus and first flagellomere shorter than the second in both male and female.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3927340C07084219FC76F8D7227253E3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Neveen, Paolo Rosa;Gadallah, Neveen S.;Edmardash, Yusuf A.	Neveen, Paolo Rosa, Gadallah, Neveen S., Edmardash, Yusuf A. (2025): New findings of cuckoo wasps for Yemen with nomenclatural changes and review of the Arabian hexadentate species of the genus Chrysis Linnaeus, 1761 (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zoosystema 47 (11): 151-166, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2025v47a11, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2025v47a11.pdf
3927340C07154206FC74FF31229A50BB.text	3927340C07154206FC74FF31229A50BB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysis diehli Linsenmaier 1968	<div><p>Chrysis diehli Linsenmaier, 1968</p><p>(Fig. 11)</p><p>Chrysis (Hexachrysis) diehli Linsenmaier, 1968: 123 .</p><p>TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype. Saudi-Arabia • ♀; El Riyadh; NMLU (examined).</p><p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Saudi Arabia • 1 ♀, El Riyadh; 3.IV.1959; Dr Diehl leg.; coll. Linsenmaier; ♀ Type Hexachrysis L. diehli Lins. det. Linsenmaier 1968 / 295 / NML_ENT GBIF_ Chr 0044200; coll. NMLU .</p><p>DISTRIBUTION IN THE ARABIAN PENINSULA. — Saudi Arabia (Linsenmaier 1968, 1994).</p><p>EXTRALIMITAL DISTRIBUTION. — None.</p><p>DIAGNOSIS. — Body length: 9.0 mm. Body entirely metallic green, including legs, with golden hues on face, pronotum anteriorly, lateral fields of mesoscutum and scutellum; scape and pedicel metallic green; wings hyaline with light brown veins, without ancillary vein originating from the Radial sector; femora and tibiae yellowish on inner side. First flagellomere l/w = 1.8; second flagellomere 1.6 × longer than the first; transverse frontal carina inverted U-shaped, without branches (Fig. 11A); humeral angles blunt, convergent (Fig. 11C); mesosoma with large punctures, up to 0.8 MOD postero-medially on median area of mesoscutum, separated by narrow polished interspaces; posterior propodeal angles spiny and projected posteriorly; mesopleuron simple, without teeth; metasoma with dense, small punctures (Fig. 11D), as large as half of mesosomal punctures; pits of the pit row small, deep, slightly larger than punctures on the tergum; apical margin with six elongate and pointed teeth (Fig. 11E); black spots on second sternum with unique shape, triangular, almost fused medially and separated from lateral margin (Fig. 11F).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3927340C07154206FC74FF31229A50BB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Neveen, Paolo Rosa;Gadallah, Neveen S.;Edmardash, Yusuf A.	Neveen, Paolo Rosa, Gadallah, Neveen S., Edmardash, Yusuf A. (2025): New findings of cuckoo wasps for Yemen with nomenclatural changes and review of the Arabian hexadentate species of the genus Chrysis Linnaeus, 1761 (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zoosystema 47 (11): 151-166, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2025v47a11, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2025v47a11.pdf
3927340C07154206FF3EFF3124BB50A6.text	3927340C07154206FF3EFF3124BB50A6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysis jousseaumei du Buysson 1898	<div><p>Chrysis jousseaumei du Buysson, 1898</p><p>(Fig. 7A, C, E)</p><p>Chrysis jousseaumei du Buysson, 1898: 538 .</p><p>TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype. Somalia ♂; MNHN (examined).</p><p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Yemen • 3 ♂, 1 ♀; Lahj; III-V.2002; Malaise trap; A. van Harten &amp; A. Sallum leg.; RMNH • 1 ♀; Seyun; light trap; 12-14.VII.2002; A. van Harten leg.; RMNH .</p><p>DISTRIBUTION IN THE ARABIAN PENINSULA. — United Arab Emirates (Linsenmaier 1994 as Chrysis (Hexachrysis) jousseaumei; Howarth &amp; Gillett 2008; Strumia 2008; Madl 2018); Yemen (Linsenmaier 1994 as Chrysis (Hexachrysis) jousseaumei).</p><p>EXTRALIMITAL DISTRIBUTION. — Somalia to Saudi Arabia (see Remark).</p><p>DIAGNOSIS. — Body length: 8.0-11.0 mm. Body entirely metallic dark blue and violet to dark purple (Fig. 7A, C, E), including legs; scape and pedicel metallic green; wings slightly ambrate, with ancillary vein originating from the Radial sector. First flagellomere l/w = 1.5; second flagellomere 1.7 × longer than the first; transverse frontal carina strong, sharp, M-shaped, with two upwards branches encircling anterior ocellus (Fig. 7A); apical margin of clypeus sharp, metallic blue and protruding; body sculpture with very large punctures (0.8 MOD) separated by polished interspaces (Fig. 7E), weakly wrinkled on mesoscutum; mesopleuron with large tooth on anteroventral margin (Fig. 7C); apical margin with six elongate and pointed teeth; black spots on second sternum transverse, connected to lateral margin, fused medially, with straight apical margin.</p><p>REMARK</p><p>Chrysis jousseaumei is known from the Afrotropical (Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan, Yemen) and Palaearctic (Algeria, Egypt, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates) regions.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3927340C07154206FF3EFF3124BB50A6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Neveen, Paolo Rosa;Gadallah, Neveen S.;Edmardash, Yusuf A.	Neveen, Paolo Rosa, Gadallah, Neveen S., Edmardash, Yusuf A. (2025): New findings of cuckoo wasps for Yemen with nomenclatural changes and review of the Arabian hexadentate species of the genus Chrysis Linnaeus, 1761 (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zoosystema 47 (11): 151-166, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2025v47a11, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2025v47a11.pdf
3927340C07154207FDE3FAFF23395577.text	3927340C07154207FDE3FAFF23395577.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysis Linnaeus 1761	<div><p>KEY TO THE ARABIAN HEXADENTATE SPECIES OF CHRYSIS LINNAEUS, 1761</p><p>1. Species with mucronate metanotum ............................................................................................................ 2</p><p>— Species without mucronate metanotum ....................................................................................................... 5</p><p>2. Apical margin of third tergum with four small, triangular, median teeth, the lateral ones located on baso-lateral edge of tergum (Fig. 8E); metanotal mucron elongate, medially carinate, apically blunt and impunctate (Fig. 8B); black spots on second sternum small, longitudinal, and suboval (Fig. 8F) ............... C. lyncea Fabricius, 1775</p><p>— Apical margin of third tergum with six aligned teeth; metanotal mucron triangular, fully punctate, flat or medially concave; black spots on second sternum large, transverse, fused to almost fused medially ...................... 3</p><p>3. Transverse frontal carina U-shaped, simple, without branches (Fig. 9A); first flagellomere elongate (l/w = 2.5-3) in female, slightly longer than second; mesopleuron smooth and shiny on two stripes on mesepimeron and on mesepisternum (Fig. 9C); forewing with ancillary vein originating from the Radial sector (Fig. 9D) ............... ............................................................................................................................... C. smithii Gribodo, 1913</p><p>— Transverse frontal carina M-shaped, with two or three branches upwards or enclosing anterior ocellus if frontal carina U-shaped, then mesopleuron fully punctate;; first flagellomere short (l/w = 0.5-1) in both sexes, 2 to 3 times shorter than second; mesopleuron fully punctate; anterior wing without ancillary vein ...................... 4</p><p>4. Mesoscutum with very large punctures (up to 1 MOD), widely separated by polished interspaces; notauli exceptionally wide (Fig. 10C), larger than largest punctures on mesoscutum basally, notauli triangularly shaped, larger at base and narrower towards apex .......................................................... C. oxyacantha Mocsáry, 1838</p><p>— Mesoscutum with medium to large punctures (max 0.7 MOD), dense with narrow interspaces, occasionally with small punctures; notauli not exceptionally wide, formed by subsquare large foveae, as large as largest punctures on mesoscutum, notauli larger at base, not distinctly triangularly shaped ........... C. stilboides (Spinola, 1838)</p><p>5. Transverse frontal carina M-shaped, with branches encircling anterior ocellus (Fig. 7A); mesopleuron with strong tooth on lower margin (Fig. 7C); body colour dark blue to violet; black spots on second sternum subrectangular, connected to lateral margins ........................................................................ C. jousseaumei du Buysson, 1898</p><p>— Transverse frontal carina inverted U-shaped (Fig. 11A); mesopleuron simple, without teeth (Fig. 11B); body colour green; black spots on second sternum triangular, separated from lateral margins (Fig. 11F) ................. ............................................................................................................................ C. diehli Linsenmaier, 1968</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3927340C07154207FDE3FAFF23395577	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Neveen, Paolo Rosa;Gadallah, Neveen S.;Edmardash, Yusuf A.	Neveen, Paolo Rosa, Gadallah, Neveen S., Edmardash, Yusuf A. (2025): New findings of cuckoo wasps for Yemen with nomenclatural changes and review of the Arabian hexadentate species of the genus Chrysis Linnaeus, 1761 (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zoosystema 47 (11): 151-166, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2025v47a11, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2025v47a11.pdf
